Seeding method for lateral membrane begonia filial generation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lateral membrane begonia breeding, and particularly relates to a lateral membrane begonia filial generation sowing method which comprises the following steps: S1, harvesting seeds; s2, preparing a matrix; s3, disinfecting the substrate; s4, sowing the seeds; s5, cultivation: after sowing, placing the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 20-26 DEG C, illumination of 1000-5000 lux and a photoperiod of 10-16 h / d. According to the lateral-membrane begonia filial generation sowing method, a matrix, a sowing container, seeds and the like are subjected to multiple rounds of all-around disinfection and prevention through different methods, the occurrence rate of fungi, bacteria, moss, springtails, nematodes and the like can be reduced to 10% or below from the overall 30-50%, the overall germination rate of the filial generation seeds is increased to 50% or above from the overall 30% or below, and by combining with a compound slow release fertilizer, the seed germination rate of the filial generation seeds is increased to 50% or above. The growth speed of the filial generation seedlings is increased by 20-30%, and the crossbreeding efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding of lateral membrane group begonias, and particularly relates to a method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonias. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, herbaceous flowers have rapidly developed into the second largest flower group after ornamental seedlings due to their advantages such as bright colors, large number of flowers, short cycle and rich variety. At present, the global herbaceous flower market is extremely rich in variety. The more famous herbaceous flower groups include Impatiens, Begonia, Chrysanthemum, Petunia, Cyclamen, Tulip, Lily, etc.

[0003] Begonia plants are typical representatives of herbaceous flowers and one of the largest herbaceous flowers in the market. Its global annual output value is nearly 10 billion yuan. The application of Begonia plants has been integrated into all aspects of daily life, such as urban road greening, parks, communities, courtyards, exhibitions, indoor potted plants, etc. At present, there are nearly 20,000 varieties of Begonias bred in the world, of which only nearly 1,000 are mainstream varieties sold on the market, mainly belonging to the four major groups of Begonias, Begonias, Rieger Begonias and Begonias. Except for Begonias, most of them are ornamental varieties. Hybrid breeding is still the most commonly used, direct and effective method for breeding new varieties of Begonia plants.

[0004] Wild resources are the original parents of hybrid breeding. Currently, most begonia varieties are bred abroad. The main cultivated varieties in the market are mostly bred on the basis of native species in America and Africa. Asian groups are relatively less involved in breeding, and Chinese distributed species are even rarer. Due to its compact plant shape, abundant flowers, and especially the varied leaf patterns, the lateral membrane group has become a new favorite of begonia lovers. Therefore, using the wild resources of the lateral membrane group begonia distributed in China as parents to carry out hybrid breeding of new varieties of foliage-viewing lateral membrane group begonias is an important means to develop foliage-viewing lateral membrane group begonia cultivation groups. Therefore, how to more efficiently obtain hybrid offspring groups is one of the important research directions for the selection and breeding of new lateral membrane group begonia varieties.

[0005] Most of the Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus grow in humid tropical and subtropical regions, and they particularly like microhabitats such as understory, stream valleys, caves and waterfalls. Most of the Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus in Guangxi are distributed in valleys and cave entrances in the karst mountainous areas of southwest and northwest Guangxi. They have strict requirements for habitats, especially in terms of temperature, water and light. Therefore, the germination of Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus seeds also requires a similar growth environment, but different species have similar growth habits. Hybrid breeding of Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus is usually interspecific hybridization, and the fruit pods obtained generally have relatively few seeds, a low proportion of mature seeds, and lower and weaker seed germination rates and seedlings than native species, which brings higher requirements for sowing work.

[0006] In addition to the above problems, it was found during the early sowing process of the hybrid offspring of the lateral membrane group begonia that the efficiency of obtaining its offspring group was low, which brought many inconveniences to the hybrid breeding work. The main problems are as follows: First, the seed germination takes a long time and the germination environment is continuously high and humid, which makes it easy for fungi, bacteria, mosses, etc. to breed, seriously affecting seed germination and seedling growth; second, young insects such as springtails and nematodes are easily produced in the matrix, which mainly suck the stems, leaves and roots of the seedlings, which also seriously affects the survival rate of the sown offspring.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention aims to provide a method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Harvesting seeds

[0012] Select pods that have been hybridized for more than one month, and start harvesting when the pod stalks begin to turn yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, dry them naturally.

[0013] S2. Preparation of matrix

[0014] Peat soil and perlite are mixed in a volume ratio of 5-10:1 to form a matrix, and basal fertilizer and pesticide are added to the matrix to form a mixed matrix; the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a sowing container, and the surface of the mixed matrix is ​​smoothed and compacted. The thickness of the mixed matrix after compaction is 1-3 cm, and then the cover is placed in a cool and dry place;

[0015] S3. Matrix disinfection;

[0016] S4. Seeding

[0017] The seeds in the harvested pods are shaken off onto the surface of clean paper to remove the fruit shells, debris and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then the seeds are evenly shaken off onto the surface of the mixed matrix, 15-30% oxadiazine 500-1000 times diluted and 50% carbendazim WP 1000-1500 times diluted are sprayed on the surface of the mixed matrix successively until the surface of the matrix is ​​moistened, and after closing the cover, necessary marks are written on the outside of the sowing container with a marker;

[0018] S5. Cultivation

[0019] After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 20-26℃, a light intensity of 1000-5000 lux, and a photoperiod of 10~16h / d.

[0020] More specifically, in step S1, the harvested seeds are placed in a kraft paper bag and then placed in an environment with a humidity of 30%-70% and a temperature of 10-25°C to dry naturally, or hung on branches of plants to dry naturally before being harvested and placed in a kraft paper bag; the time from drying the seeds to sowing is no more than 60 days.

[0021] More specifically, in step S2, the fiber length in the peat soil is 0.1-10 mm; the insecticide is 0.4% of chlorantraniliprole or 3% of dinotefuran granules.

[0022] More specifically, in step S2, the volume mass ratio of the substrate and the base fertilizer is 1L:2-5g;

[0023] When the insecticide is 0.4% chlorfenapyr granules with an active ingredient, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:1-2g; when the insecticide is 3% dinotefuran granules with an active ingredient, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:0.5-1g.

[0024] More specifically, in step S2, the sowing container is a transparent, high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of more than 500 mL, a height of more than 5 cm, 2-5 drainage holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm at the bottom, and 1-3 ventilation holes with a diameter of 2-5 mm on the top cover.

[0025] More specifically, in step S3, the specific operation of substrate disinfection is as follows:

[0026] First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 1000-1500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, and then drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom. After closing the cover, place it in a cool and dry place for use;

[0027] Second disinfection: 1-10 days before sowing, use a microwave oven to disinfect the mixed matrix for the second time. Put the mixed matrix and the sowing container together with the lid in a 900-1000W microwave oven, heat it at high heat for 3-5 minutes, then take it out and let it stand at room temperature for 2-3 minutes, put it in the microwave oven again and heat it at high heat for 2-3 minutes, take it out and cool it to room temperature.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia of the present invention can reduce the incidence of fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails and nematodes from an overall 30-50% to below 10% by performing multiple rounds of all-round disinfection and prevention of substrates, sowing containers and seeds by different methods, and increase the overall germination rate of hybrid offspring seeds from less than 30% to more than 50%. Combined with compound slow-release fertilizers, the growth rate of hybrid offspring seedlings is increased by 20-30%, and the hybrid breeding efficiency is significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is the case of sowing infected moss in Example 2;

[0031] Figure 2 This is the case of sowing infected mosses and springtails in Example 4;

[0032] Figure 3 For the case of Example 4, the seeds were infected with mosses and fungi;

[0033] Figure 4 The healthy seedlings of the hybrid offspring of Example 1;

[0034] Figure 5 These are healthy seedlings of the hybrid offspring of Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for sowing hybrid offspring of Begonia lateralis, taking the method for sowing hybrid offspring of Begonia fangii × Begonia ningmingensis var. bella as an example, comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. Harvesting seeds

[0039] Artificial pollination is carried out in early March, and the fruit pods are harvested in late April when the fruit pods and fruit stalks begin to wither and turn yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, they are placed in kraft paper bags and naturally dried in an environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25°C until mid-May.

[0040] S2. Preparation of matrix

[0041] Prepare the matrix in mid-May, mix peat soil and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1, and add basal fertilizer and pesticides to the matrix to form a mixed matrix; put the mixed matrix into the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed matrix, the thickness of the mixed matrix after compaction is 2cm, and then cover it and place it in a cool and dry place; the fiber length in the peat soil is 0.1-10mm; the sowing container is a transparent high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of about 600mL and a height of 6cm, with 2 drainage holes with a hole diameter of 3-5mm at the bottom, and a ventilation hole with a hole diameter of 2-5mm on the top cover;

[0042] The base fertilizer is Austrian Green Manure No. 301; the volume mass ratio of the substrate to the base fertilizer is 1L:3g;

[0043] In addition, the insecticide is 0.4% chlorfenapyr granules (manufacturer: Jiangmen Daguangming Agrochemical Xinhui Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20141675), and the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:2g.

[0044] S3. Matrix disinfection;

[0045] First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 1250 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35), and then drain the excess water through the drainage holes at the bottom. Cover and place in a cool and dry place for later use;

[0046] Second disinfection: 3 days before sowing, the mixed matrix was disinfected twice in a microwave oven. The mixed matrix and the sowing container were placed in a 900W microwave oven after being covered. They were first heated at high temperature for 3 minutes, then taken out and placed at room temperature for 3 minutes, and then placed in the microwave oven again and heated at high temperature for 2 minutes, and then taken out and cooled to room temperature.

[0047] S4. Seeding

[0048] Sowing was carried out in mid-May. The seeds in the harvested pods were shaken off onto the surface of clean paper to remove the fruit shells, debris and immature seeds mixed in the seeds. Then the seeds were evenly shaken off onto the surface of the mixed matrix. 800 times diluted 30% oxadiazine aqueous solution (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20100745) and 1250 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35) were lightly sprayed on the surface of the mixed matrix until the surface of the matrix was moistened. After closing the lid, write necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker.

[0049] S5. Cultivation

[0050] After sowing, the sowing container was placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C, a light of 3000 lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from mid-June, and the germination rate was about 80% by mid-July. The plants grew strong and neat, and there were no obvious fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails, nematodes, etc. in the sowing box.

[0051] Example 2: Conventional method

[0052] A portion of the hybrid combination seeds of Example 1 was reserved and sown using conventional methods. Seed harvesting and drying were the same as in Example 1. The subsequent operations were as follows:

[0053] Prepare the substrate: Prepare the substrate in mid-May, mix peat soil and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1, put the mixed substrate into the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed substrate, the thickness of the mixed substrate after compaction is 2cm, then cover and place in a cool and dry place; the fiber length in peat soil is 0.1-10mm; the sowing container is a transparent, high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of 600mL and a height of 6cm, with 2 drainage holes with a hole diameter of 3-5mm at the bottom, and a ventilation hole with a hole diameter of 2-5mm on the top cover;

[0054] Substrate disinfection: After filling the mixed substrate, spray the mixed substrate with 1250 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35), drain the excess water through the drainage holes at the bottom, cover and place in a cool and dry place for later use;

[0055] Sowing: Sowing is carried out in mid-May. Shake the seeds from the harvested pods onto the surface of clean paper to remove the fruit shells, debris and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then shake the seeds evenly onto the surface of the mixed substrate, close the lid and write necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker;

[0056] Cultivation: After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 25℃, a light of 3000lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from mid-June, and the germination rate was about 20% by mid-July. There were obvious fungi and springtails in the sowing box, and the plants grew weakly due to their influence.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for sowing hybrid offspring of Begonia filiformis × Begonia ferox is provided, taking the method for sowing hybrid offspring of Begonia filiformis × Begonia ferox as an example, comprising the following steps:

[0059] S1. Harvesting seeds

[0060] Artificial pollination is carried out in late March, and the fruit pods are harvested in early May when the fruit pods and fruit stalks begin to wither and turn yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, they are placed in kraft paper bags and placed in an environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25°C to dry naturally until late May;

[0061] S2. Preparation of matrix

[0062] Prepare the matrix in late May, mix peat soil and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:1, and add basal fertilizer and pesticides to the matrix to form a mixed matrix; put the mixed matrix into the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed matrix, the thickness of the mixed matrix after compaction is 3cm, and then close the cover and place it in a cool and dry place; the fiber length in the peat soil is 0.1-10mm; the sowing container is a transparent high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of about 1000mL, a height of 8cm, 3 drainage holes with a hole diameter of 3-5mm at the bottom, and 2 air holes with a hole diameter of 2-5mm on the top cover;

[0063] The base fertilizer is Austrian Green Fertilizer No. 301; the volume mass ratio of the substrate to the base fertilizer is 1L:5g;

[0064] In addition, the insecticide is a 3% active ingredient dinotefuran granule (manufacturer: Shandong Danong Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20211505), and the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:0.8g.

[0065] S3. Matrix disinfection;

[0066] First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 0.15% potassium permanganate solution, drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom, close the lid and place in a cool and dry place for use;

[0067] Second disinfection: 3 days before sowing, the mixed matrix was disinfected twice in a microwave oven. The mixed matrix and the sowing container were placed in a 1000W microwave oven after being covered. They were first heated at high temperature for 5 minutes, then taken out and placed at room temperature for 3 minutes, and then placed in a microwave oven again and heated at high temperature for 3 minutes, and then taken out and cooled to room temperature.

[0068] S4. Seeding

[0069] Sowing was carried out in late May. The seeds in the harvested pods were shaken off onto the surface of clean paper to remove the fruit shells, debris and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then the seeds were evenly shaken off onto the surface of the mixed matrix, and 15% oxadiazine aqueous solution (manufacturer: Shenzhen Nopco Crop Science Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20085077) 500 times diluted and 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35) 1250 times diluted were lightly sprayed on the surface of the mixed matrix until the surface of the matrix was moistened, and the necessary marks were written on the outside of the sowing container with a marker after the lid was closed;

[0070] S5. Cultivation

[0071] After sowing, the sowing container was placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C, a light of 2000 lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from late June, and the germination rate was about 70% by late July. The plants grew strong and neat, and there were no obvious fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails, nematodes, etc. in the sowing box.

[0072] Example 4: Conventional method

[0073] A portion of the above hybrid combination seeds is reserved and sown using conventional methods. Seed harvesting and drying are the same as in Implementation Case 3. The subsequent operations are as follows:

[0074] Prepare the substrate: Prepare the substrate in late May, mix peat soil and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:1, put the mixed substrate into the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed substrate, the thickness of the mixed substrate after compaction is 3cm, then cover and place in a cool and dry place; the fiber length in peat soil is 0.1-10mm; the sowing container should be a transparent, high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of about 1000mL, a height of 8cm, 3 drainage holes with a diameter of 3-5mm at the bottom, and 2 ventilation holes with a diameter of 2-5mm on the top cover;

[0075] Substrate disinfection: After filling the mixed substrate, spray the mixed substrate with 0.15% potassium permanganate solution, drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom, cover and place in a cool and dry place for later use;

[0076] Sowing: Sowing is carried out in late May. Shake the seeds from the harvested pods onto the surface of clean paper to remove the fruit shells, debris and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then shake the seeds evenly onto the surface of the mixed substrate, close the lid and write necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker;

[0077] Cultivation: After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 25℃, a light of 2000lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from late June, and the germination rate was about 20% by late July. There were obvious fungi and springtails in the sowing box, and the plants grew weakly due to their influence.

[0078] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Harvesting seeds Select pods that have been hybridized for more than one month, and start harvesting when the pod stalks begin to turn yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, dry them naturally. S2. Preparation of matrix Peat soil and perlite are mixed in a volume ratio of 5-10:1 to form a matrix, and basal fertilizer and pesticide are added to the matrix to form a mixed matrix; the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a sowing container, and the surface of the mixed matrix is ​​smoothed and compacted. The thickness of the mixed matrix after compaction is 1-3 cm, and then the cover is placed in a cool and dry place; S3. Matrix disinfection; S4. Seeding The seeds in the harvested pods are shaken off onto the surface of clean paper to remove the fruit shells, debris and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then the seeds are evenly shaken off onto the surface of the mixed matrix, 15-30% oxadiazine 500-1000 times diluted and 50% carbendazim WP 1000-1500 times diluted are sprayed on the surface of the mixed matrix successively until the surface of the matrix is ​​moistened, and after closing the cover, necessary marks are written on the outside of the sowing container with a marker; S5. Cultivation After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 20-26℃, a light of 1000-5000 lux, and a photoperiod of 10~16h / d.

2. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of lateral membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the harvested seeds are placed in a kraft paper bag and then placed in an environment with a humidity of 30%-70% and a temperature of 10-25°C to dry naturally, or hung on branches of plants to dry naturally and then harvested and placed in a kraft paper bag; the time from drying the seeds to sowing is no more than 60 days.

3. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of lateral membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fiber length in the peat soil is 0.1-10 mm; the insecticide is 0.4% of chlorantraniliprole or 3% of dinotefuran granules.

4. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of lateral membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the volume mass ratio of the substrate and the base fertilizer is 1L:2-5g; When the insecticide is 0.4% chlorfenapyr granules with an active ingredient, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:1-2g; when the insecticide is 3% dinotefuran granules with an active ingredient, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:0.5-1g.

5. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of side membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the sowing container is a transparent, high temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of more than 500 mL and a height of more than 5 cm, 2-5 drainage holes with a pore size of 3-5 mm at the bottom, and 1-3 ventilation holes with a pore size of 2-5 mm at the top cover.

6. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia lateral membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific operation of substrate disinfection is as follows: First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 1000-1500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, and then drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom. After closing the cover, place it in a cool and dry place for use; Second disinfection: 1-10 days before sowing, use a microwave oven to disinfect the mixed matrix for the second time. Put the mixed matrix and the sowing container in the microwave oven after closing the lid. Heat it on high heat for 3-5 minutes, then take it out and let it stand at room temperature for 2-3 minutes, put it in the microwave oven again and heat it on high heat for 2-3 minutes, take it out and cool it to room temperature.

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