A high-strength aluminum product and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of alloy technology and provides a high-strength aluminum product and a method for preparing the same. The high-strength aluminum product comprises an aluminum matrix and a reinforcement phase. The aluminum matrix comprises, by weight, the following components: Mg 3% to 5%, Cu 2% to 4%, Mn 0.5% to 1.5%, Zn 1.5% to 2.5%, Cr 0.01% to 0.03%, Ti 0.005% to 0.015%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities. The reinforcement phase comprises rare earth oxides and carbon nanomaterials. The weight ratio of the reinforcement phase to the aluminum product is 1 to 2:1000, and the weight ratio of the rare earth oxide to the carbon nanomaterial is 1:1. This technical solution solves the problem of low strength of aluminum products in related technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloys, and in particular to a high-strength aluminum product and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum products are various items made primarily of aluminum. They are widely used due to their numerous advantages, including light weight, corrosion resistance, and excellent thermal conductivity. However, traditional aluminum products often have strength limitations. Many applications, such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and mechanical engineering, place higher demands on the strength of aluminum products. In aerospace, high-strength aluminum products can reduce aircraft weight while ensuring structural stability and safety. In automotive manufacturing, high-strength aluminum products can improve fuel efficiency and enhance crash safety. In mechanical engineering, high-strength aluminum products are required to withstand greater loads and complex operating environments. While existing aluminum product manufacturing methods can meet common requirements to a certain extent, they still have shortcomings in achieving high strength. Therefore, developing high-strength aluminum products and their manufacturing methods to meet the demand for high-strength aluminum products in modern industry and daily life has become a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a high-strength aluminum product and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem of low strength of aluminum products in the related art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a high-strength aluminum product, which is composed of an aluminum matrix and a reinforcement phase. The aluminum matrix is ​​composed of the following components by weight: Mg 3% to 5%, Cu 2% to 4%, Mn 0.5% to 1.5%, Zn 1.5% to 2.5%, Cr 0.01% to 0.03%, Ti 0.005% to 0.015%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0005] The reinforcing phase includes rare earth oxides and carbon nanomaterials;

[0006] The weight ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum product is 1 to 2:1000;

[0007] The weight ratio of the rare earth oxide to the carbon nanomaterial is 1:1.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the rare earth oxide includes one or more of lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, and dysprosium oxide.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the carbon nanomaterial includes one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene.

[0010] As a further technical solution, when the reinforcing phase is carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

[0011] In the present invention, single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are selected as carbon nanomaterials, which can enhance the interface bonding with the aluminum alloy matrix, hinder crack propagation, and further improve the strength of the aluminum product.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the weight ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotubes to the multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 3-4:1.

[0013] In the present invention, the ratio of single-walled carbon nanotubes to multi-walled carbon nanotubes is reasonably controlled to give play to the synergistic reinforcement effect of the two, further improve the strength of the aluminum product, and ensure that the aluminum product has good processing performance.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Preparing materials according to the components of the aluminum matrix, performing rough refining to obtain a rough-refined aluminum liquid, adding a refining and slag-removing agent to the rough-refined aluminum liquid, refining, degassing and deslagging, and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt;

[0016] S2. Adding a reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy melt, dispersing the phase uniformly, and die-casting to obtain an aluminum product.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the refining slag cleaning agent is one or more of magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, and calcium silicate.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the rough refining temperature is 700-750°C.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the temperature of the degassing and deslagging is 750-800° C., and the time is 15-25 minutes.

[0020] As a further technical solution, the amount of the refining slag cleaning agent added is 0.5% to 1% of the mass of the aluminum liquid after the rough refining.

[0021] The working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] In the present invention, rare earth oxides and carbon nanomaterials are used as reinforcing phases, and the weight ratio of the reinforcing phases to the aluminum product is adjusted. On the one hand, this can play a pinning role, and on the other hand, it can effectively refine the grains of the aluminum alloy and promote the formation of more crystal nuclei, thereby reducing the grain size, hindering dislocation movement, and significantly improving the strength of the aluminum product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the following examples and comparative examples:

[0025] Aluminum-copper alloy: copper content 50wt%, aluminum-manganese alloy: manganese content 20wt%, aluminum-chromium alloy: chromium content 5wt%, aluminum-titanium alloy: titanium content 5wt%;

[0026] Single-walled carbon nanotubes: 1-5 μm in length, 2-10 nm in diameter, manufactured by Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd.

[0027] Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: 10-30 μm in length, 10-20 nm in diameter, manufactured by Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd.

[0028] Graphene: fineness is 1~3nm;

[0029] Fullerene: Model is fullerene C70;

[0030] Lanthanum oxide: average particle size 40nm;

[0031] Cerium oxide: average particle size 50nm;

[0032] Dysprosium oxide: average particle size 40nm.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] High-strength aluminum product, wherein the aluminum matrix is ​​composed of the following components by weight percentage: Mg 3%, Cu 2%, Mn 0.5%, Zn 1.5%, Cr 0.01%, Ti 0.005%, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities;

[0035] A method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1. Mix a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper alloy (copper content 50 wt%), an aluminum-manganese alloy (manganese content 20 wt%), a zinc ingot, an aluminum-chromium alloy (chromium content 5 wt%), and an aluminum-titanium alloy (titanium content 5 wt%) according to target composition, heat the mixture to 700° C. for rough refining to obtain a rough-refined aluminum liquid, add magnesium silicate (the amount added is 0.5% of the mass of the rough-refined aluminum liquid) to the rough-refined aluminum liquid, refine the mixture, heat the mixture to 750° C., and degas and deslag for 25 minutes to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0037] S2. Adding a reinforcing phase (the amount added is 0.1% by weight of the aluminum alloy melt) to the aluminum alloy melt, dispersing the phase uniformly, and die-casting to obtain an aluminum product, wherein the reinforcing phase includes lanthanum oxide and graphene in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] High-strength aluminum product, wherein the aluminum matrix is ​​composed of the following components by weight percentage: Mg 4%, Cu 3%, Mn 1%, Zn 2%, Cr 0.02%, Ti 0.01%, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities;

[0040] A method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1. Mix a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper alloy (copper content 50 wt%), an aluminum-manganese alloy (manganese content 20 wt%), a zinc ingot, an aluminum-chromium alloy (chromium content 5 wt%), and an aluminum-titanium alloy (titanium content 5 wt%) according to target composition, heat the mixture to 725° C., and perform rough refining to obtain a rough-refined aluminum liquid. Add aluminum silicate to the rough-refined aluminum liquid (the amount added is 0.75% of the mass of the rough-refined aluminum liquid), refine the mixture, heat the mixture to 775° C., and degas and deslag for 20 minutes to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0042] S2. Adding a reinforcing phase (the amount added is 0.1% by weight of the aluminum alloy melt) to the aluminum alloy melt, dispersing it evenly, and die-casting to obtain an aluminum product, wherein the reinforcing phase includes cerium oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] High-strength aluminum product, wherein the aluminum matrix is ​​composed of the following components by weight percentage: Mg 5%, Cu 4%, Mn 1.5%, Zn 2.5%, Cr 0.03%, Ti 0.015%, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities;

[0045] A method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Mix a magnesium ingot, an aluminum-copper alloy (copper content 50 wt%), an aluminum-manganese alloy (manganese content 20 wt%), a zinc ingot, an aluminum-chromium alloy (chromium content 5 wt%), and an aluminum-titanium alloy (titanium content 5 wt%) according to target composition, heat the mixture to 750°C for rough refining to obtain a rough-refined aluminum liquid, add calcium silicate (the amount added is 1% of the mass of the rough-refined aluminum liquid) to the rough-refined aluminum liquid, refine the mixture, heat the mixture to 800°C, and degas and deslag for 15 minutes to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

[0047] S2. Adding a reinforcing phase (the amount added is 0.1% by weight of the aluminum alloy melt) to the aluminum alloy melt, dispersing it evenly, and die-casting to obtain an aluminum product, wherein the reinforcing phase includes dysprosium oxide and fullerene in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] Compared with Example 2, the difference of Example 4 is that the amount of reinforcement phase added is 0.2% by weight of the aluminum alloy melt.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] Compared with Example 4, Example 5 is different in that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are replaced with an equal amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] Compared with Example 4, Example 6 is different in that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are replaced with equal amounts of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0054] Example 7

[0055] Compared with Example 4, Example 7 is different in that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are replaced with equal amounts of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 3:1.

[0056] Example 8

[0057] Compared with Example 4, Example 8 is different in that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are replaced with equal amounts of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 4:1.

[0058] Example 9

[0059] Compared with Example 4, Example 9 is different in that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are replaced with equal amounts of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a weight ratio of 5:1.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] Compared with Example 2, the difference in Comparative Example 1 is that the amount of reinforcement phase added is 0.05% of the weight of the aluminum alloy melt.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] Compared with Example 2, the difference of Comparative Example 2 is that the amount of reinforcement phase added is 0.25% of the weight of the aluminum alloy melt.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 3 is different in that no reinforcing phase is added.

[0066] Comparative Example 4

[0067] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 4 is different in that the reinforcement phase only includes cerium oxide.

[0068] Comparative Example 5

[0069] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 5 is different in that the reinforcement phase only includes single-walled carbon nanotubes.

[0070] The high-strength aluminum products prepared in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were tested according to the following method:

[0071] Tensile strength: The tensile strength of the sample is tested according to the tensile strength test method specified in GB / T 228.1-2021 "Metallic materials tensile tests part 1: Room temperature test method". 2. Yield strength: The yield strength of the sample is tested according to the yield strength test method specified in GB / T 228.1-2021 "Metallic materials tensile tests part 1: Room temperature test method".

[0072] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0073] Table 1 Performance test results of high-strength aluminum products prepared in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0074]

[0075] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Examples 1, 2, and Example 4 added different weights of reinforcing phase. The tensile strength and yield strength of Examples 2 and 4 were both superior to those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, indicating that when the weight ratio of the reinforcing phase to the aluminum product is 1-2:1000, the resulting aluminum product has higher strength. Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 3 did not add the reinforcing phase consisting of cerium oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes. The tensile strength and yield strength of Example 2 were both superior to those of Comparative Example 3, indicating that the addition of the reinforcing phase can improve the strength of the aluminum product. Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 4 only added cerium oxide as the reinforcing phase, and Comparative Example 5 only added single-walled carbon nanotubes as the reinforcing phase. The tensile strength and yield strength of Example 2 were both superior to those of Comparative Examples 4 and 5, indicating that cerium oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes work synergistically to improve the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum product, thereby enhancing the strength of the aluminum product.

[0076] Compared to Examples 4 and 5, Examples 6-9 incorporated both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The tensile strength and yield strength of Examples 6-9 were superior to those of Examples 4 and 5, demonstrating that the synergistic effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes can improve the strength of aluminum products. In Examples 6-9, different weight ratios of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added. The tensile strength and yield strength of Examples 7 and 8 were superior to those of Examples 6 and 9, demonstrating that a weight ratio of 3 to 4:1 between single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes results in even better aluminum product strength.

[0077] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength aluminum product, characterized in that: The invention comprises an aluminum matrix and a reinforcement phase, wherein the aluminum matrix comprises the following components by weight: Mg 3% to 5%, Cu 2% to 4%, Mn 0.5% to 1.5%, Zn 1.5% to 2.5%, Cr 0.01% to 0.03%, Ti 0.005% to 0.015%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities; the reinforcement phase comprises rare earth oxides and carbon nanotubes; the weight ratio of the reinforcement phase to the aluminum product is 1 to 2:1000; and the weight ratio of the rare earth oxides to the carbon nanotubes is 1:1; The carbon nanotubes are composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The single-walled carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 2 to 10 nm, and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 10 to 20 nm. The weight ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotubes to the multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 3-4:

1.

2. A high-strength aluminum product according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth oxides include one or more of lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, and dysprosium oxide.

3. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparing materials according to the components of the aluminum matrix, performing rough refining to obtain a rough-refined aluminum liquid, adding a refining and slag-removing agent to the rough-refined aluminum liquid, refining, degassing and deslagging, and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt; S2. Adding a reinforcing phase to the aluminum alloy melt, dispersing the phase uniformly, and die-casting to obtain an aluminum product.

4. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product according to claim 3, characterized in that: The refining slag cleaning agent is one or more of magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.

5. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature of the crude refining is 700-750°C.

6. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product according to claim 3, characterized in that: The degassing and deslagging process is performed at a temperature of 750-800° C. and for a time of 15-25 minutes.

7. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum product according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amount of the refining slag cleaning agent added is 0.5% to 1% of the mass of the aluminum liquid after rough refining.

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