Bridge built-in multi-dimensional self-adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy

Abstract

The invention provides a bridge built-in multi-dimensional self-adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy. The bridge built-in multi-dimensional self-adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device mainly comprises a bridge health monitoring system, an air energy device, a steel plate spring, a belleville spring, an electromagnetic damper, a hydraulic damper, a hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism and an actuator. The bridge health monitoring system is used for monitoring and analyzing the state of a bridge in real time, finding potential structural problems in time and driving the tuning vibration reduction device to respond according to the monitored vibration and temperature conditions to achieve self-adaptive control over bridge vibration, and the air energy device uses the quality characteristic of the air energy device as a mass block of the tuning vibration reduction device to achieve self-adaptive control over bridge vibration. The damping device plays a key role in vibration reduction, can provide temperature and humidity control for stable operation of a bridge and a monitoring system, and is matched with a spring, a damping system, a hydraulic displacement amplifying mechanism and an actuator to effectively control multi-directional complex vibration of the bridge, adjust the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the bridge and prolong the service life of the bridge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of bridge engineering earthquake resistance and vibration reduction, disaster prevention and reduction, and health monitoring, and specifically relates to a bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy. Background Art

[0002] With the development of bridge engineering technology, the span of bridge structures has been increasing, and the requirements for earthquake and wind resistance have also been increasing. Under the dynamic effects of ground motion, wind vibration and vehicle dynamic load, large-span bridges are prone to large-amplitude vibration and significant deflection, which may cause structural damage or even collapse. In order to effectively suppress the vibration of bridges and improve their safety and durability, various vibration reduction technologies and devices can be used to control the dynamic response of bridges. Commonly used energy-absorbing vibration reduction devices mainly include tuned dampers, metal energy-absorbing dampers, viscous dampers and seismic isolation bearings. Among them, the tuned mass damper (TMD) is a classic energy-absorbing vibration reduction device that has been widely studied and applied due to its significant vibration reduction effect and economic benefits.

[0003] Traditional passive TMD vibration reduction devices usually consist of a separate mass, spring and damper. The frequency of the passive TMD vibration reduction device is usually designed to be the fundamental frequency of the controlled structure to achieve resonance or quasi-resonance, but its flexibility, stability and versatility are poor. When the vibration frequency changes or there are multi-frequency vibrations, the vibration reduction effect will be significantly reduced. If the design is improper or the system is subject to external interference, the TMD device itself may experience unnecessary vibration, which in turn increases the vibration amplitude and damage risk of the structure.

[0004] Active TMD vibration reduction devices are usually equipped with sensors and control systems based on passive TMD. They can monitor the vibration of the structure in real time and make dynamic adjustments. They have higher vibration reduction capabilities, especially in multi-frequency and complex vibration environments. A complete active TMD vibration reduction device usually consists of a mass block, spring, damper, and driver.

[0005] In addition, structural health monitoring systems have been applied in some important bridges. The core function of the bridge health monitoring system is to monitor and analyze the status of the bridge in real time, so as to timely discover potential structural problems and ensure the safety and stability of the bridge. To achieve this goal, the bridge health monitoring system needs to rely on various sensors, data acquisition modules, communication modules and control modules. These devices require stable power supply and suitable ambient temperature and humidity to ensure that the status of the bridge structure can be continuously and accurately monitored and potential problems can be discovered in time. Electronic devices such as sensors and signal acquisition instruments in traditional bridge health monitoring systems require long power lines or signal lines. Due to the complexity of long-span bridges and the incompleteness of surrounding power equipment, on-site wiring is extremely cumbersome, and power supply difficulties may occur or the number and length of wires may affect the normal supervision and operation of the bridge. If new energy harvesting technology can be used to obtain energy on the bridge body instead of using external engineering power, the length of the power line can be greatly reduced and the lightweight implementation and low-cost operation of the health system can be achieved. If the new energy obtained is sufficient, it can also provide power for bridge vibration reduction devices including active TMD and other vibration reduction devices.

[0006] Air energy refers to a renewable energy technology that uses the heat contained in the air for heating and cooling. Air energy equipment is generally composed of a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and an expansion valve. The working principle of air energy is based on heat pump technology, which uses the low-temperature heat in the air to achieve heating or cooling. The evaporator of the system is responsible for absorbing heat from the outside air, and the liquid refrigerant evaporates into a gaseous state in this process. Then, the gaseous refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, raising the temperature and pressure, and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Next, the high-temperature gas enters the condenser, releasing heat for heating water or heating, and the refrigerant cools in the condenser and turns back into a liquid state. After condensation, the liquid refrigerant is decompressed through the expansion valve, lowering the temperature and pressure, returning to a low-temperature state, and then entering the evaporator to complete the cycle. The close connection of each component ensures the effective transfer of heat in the system and realizes continuous heating or cooling functions. The entire process only requires a small amount of electricity to drive the compressor to operate, absorbing a large amount of free heat energy from the air, which can effectively save energy.

[0007] The main advantages of air energy include high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, safety and comfort. The energy efficiency ratio of good air energy equipment is as high as 400% or more, and it can automatically adjust the temperature and humidity. However, traditional air energy equipment is heavy and has a slightly poor effect in structures with a small temperature difference between the inside and outside. Therefore, its application in large engineering structures needs to be promoted and improved. It should be noted that the main beam of a large-span bridge is mainly a reinforced concrete box beam or a steel box, with a large internal space, which is suitable for arranging vibration reduction devices and monitoring systems. Under the temperature change caused by solar radiation, the temperature of the sunny surface of the box-shaped bridge structure rises rapidly, but due to the poor thermal conductivity of materials such as concrete, most of the internal areas of the structure are still in the original temperature state, thus forming a large temperature gradient in the box-shaped bridge body. This feature makes the air energy device particularly suitable for use inside the box beam, providing green energy and a reasonable temperature and humidity environment for the operation of bridges and related equipment. In addition, for the unfavorable situation that the air energy device is usually too heavy, the air energy device can be used as the mass block part of the tuned mass damper in bridge vibration reduction, playing a key role in vibration reduction, thereby turning disadvantages into advantages and improving the practicality of air energy.

[0008] Based on the above background, the present invention proposes a built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges based on air energy, which cooperates with the precisely designed spring and damping system to further enhance the vibration reduction capacity of the TMD vibration reduction system. In addition, the air energy device can also provide reasonable temperature and humidity control for the normal operation of the bridge and the health monitoring system. In addition, the hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism and actuator in the system enable the TMD vibration reduction system to perform real-time adjustment and adaptive control according to the actual vibration conditions of the bridge, thereby optimizing the vibration reduction effect, achieving effective control of the bridge vibration, and extending the service life of the bridge. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges based on air energy. The bridge health monitoring system is used to monitor and analyze the status of the bridge in real time, so as to timely discover potential structural problems, and drive the TMD vibration reduction system to respond according to the monitored vibration and temperature conditions, so as to achieve adaptive control of bridge vibration. The air energy device uses its own mass characteristics as the mass block of the bridge TMD vibration reduction system, which plays a key role in vibration reduction. It can also provide temperature and humidity control for the stable operation of the bridge and the monitoring system. At the same time, it cooperates with the spring and damping system, as well as the hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism and actuator to achieve effective control of the multi-directional vibration of the bridge and extend the service life of the bridge.

[0010] Technical solution: The present invention proposes a built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for a bridge based on air energy, which mainly includes: a battery (1), an acceleration sensor (2), a temperature strain sensor (3), a data acquisition module (4), a communication module (5), a control module (6), an evaporator (7), a compressor (8), a condenser (9), an expansion valve (10), a leaf spring (11), a disc spring (12), an electromagnetic damper (13), a hydraulic damper (14), a hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism (15), an actuator (16), a pressure-bearing steel plate (17), a combined steel plate (18), a combined disc (19), an electromagnetic piston (20), a magnetic hydraulic oil (21), an oil cylinder (22) and a convex cylinder body (23).

[0011] The battery (1), the acceleration sensor (2), the temperature strain sensor (3), the data acquisition module (4), the communication module (5) and the control module (6) constitute a bridge health monitoring system. The air energy device includes a battery (1), an evaporator (7), a compressor (8), a condenser (9) and an expansion valve (10).

[0012] The invention is characterized in that: the storage battery (1) is used to store the electric energy generated by technologies such as solar power generation and wind power generation on the upper part of the bridge, and provides power supply for the operation of equipment such as the bridge health monitoring system and the air energy device; the bridge health monitoring system is used to monitor the vibration and internal and external temperature of the bridge; in addition to providing energy, the air energy device can also serve as a mass block of the bridge TMD vibration reduction system, and can provide reasonable temperature and humidity control according to the temperature data monitored by the bridge health monitoring system; the leaf spring (11) and the disc spring (12) respectively provide vertical and lateral support and additional stiffness for the air energy device The electromagnetic damper (13) and the hydraulic damper (14) can reduce the vertical and horizontal amplitudes of the air energy device. The electromagnetic damper (13) can adjust the damping force according to the vibration data monitored by the bridge health monitoring system. The hydraulic damper (14) assists the electromagnetic damper (13) to work together to maintain the stability of the bridge. The hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism (15) is used to amplify the dynamic displacement of the bridge and transmit it to the air energy device to improve the vibration control ability of the bridge. The actuator (16) actively applies precise control force to the air energy device according to the vibration data collected by the bridge health monitoring system. The coordinated work of the above equipment enables the TMD vibration reduction system to effectively control the vibration of the bridge under various loads and ensure the optimal vibration reduction effect.

[0013] The acceleration sensor (2) and temperature strain sensor (3) of the bridge health monitoring system are mainly arranged on the inner and outer walls of the air energy device and the main beam span, and are used to collect data such as dynamic response, temperature change and strain deformation of the structure in real time. The collected data is transmitted to the control module (6) through the data acquisition module (4) and the communication module (5). The control module (6) analyzes the received data, evaluates the health status of the structure through an algorithm, and drives the TMD vibration reduction system to make appropriate responses according to the monitored vertical vibration and temperature of the box beam, so as to realize adaptive control of the bridge vibration and operating environment, thereby enhancing the vibration resistance of the bridge.

[0014] The air energy device is arranged in the middle of the span of the bridge. The mass of the air energy device is usually set to 2%-5% of the main beam structure of the bridge. It is fixed to the bottom pressure-bearing steel plate (17) by high-strength bolts or welding. The thickness of the pressure-bearing steel plate (17) should be determined according to the load. Q235 and Q345 steel can be used. The working principle of the air energy device is based on heat pump technology: first, the evaporator (7) absorbs heat from the air and evaporates the liquid refrigerant into gas. Then, a small amount of electrical energy drives the compressor (8) to compress the gaseous refrigerant, raising the temperature and pressure to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Then, the hot air flow enters the condenser (9) and releases heat for heating. Finally, the liquid refrigerant is reduced in pressure and temperature through the expansion valve (10) and enters the next cycle.

[0015] The leaf spring (11) is arranged around the bottom of the air energy device and is fixed to the pressure steel plate (17) with high-strength bolts to provide vertical restoring force. The length of the combined steel sheet (18) decreases from top to bottom. The setting of the stiffness needs to match the vertical natural frequency of the bridge. High-strength manganese steel with an elastic modulus of not less than 200GPa and a yield strength of not less than 600MPa is usually used. The length of the leaf spring (11) is generally not less than 1 / 2 of the length of the structure side, and the width is generally not less than 1 / 20 of the length of the structure side. The longer the vibration period of the bridge, the lower the stiffness of the leaf spring (11) should be set; the shorter the vibration period of the bridge, the higher the stiffness of the leaf spring (11) should be set.

[0016] The disc springs (12) are evenly arranged along both sides of the air energy device and fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts to provide horizontal restoring force. The setting of the stiffness of the disc spring (12) needs to match the horizontal natural frequency of the bridge. Silicon manganese spring steel with an elastic modulus of not less than 210GPa and a yield strength of not less than 1200MPa is usually used. The outer diameter of the combined disc (19) is generally not less than 1 / 20 of the long side of the structure. The lower the horizontal natural frequency of the bridge, the lower the stiffness of the disc spring (12); the higher the horizontal natural frequency of the bridge, the higher the stiffness of the disc spring (12) should be set.

[0017] Two electromagnetic dampers (13) are arranged near the bottom center of the air energy device and at the center of both sides, and are fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. The outer diameter of the electromagnetic damper (13) is the same as that of the disc spring (12), and the viscosity of the magnetic hydraulic oil (21) can be adjusted according to the current passing through the electromagnetic piston (20), so that the electromagnetic damper (13) can adjust the damping force according to the monitored vibration data to consume excess vibration energy.

[0018] The hydraulic damper (14) is arranged at the bottom and the periphery of both sides of the air energy device, and is fixed to the bridge structure by high-strength bolts. The size of the hydraulic damper (14) is the same as that of the electromagnetic damper (13). The damping force is adjusted by designing a suitable oil cylinder (22) aperture, and the electromagnetic damper (13) works together to maintain the stability of the bridge.

[0019] The hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism (15) is installed at the center of the bottom of the air energy device and is fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. The maximum diameter of the convex cylinder body (23) is usually 1 / 8-1 / 10 of the long side of the structure, and the minimum diameter is usually 1 / 15-1 / 20 of the long side of the structure. The characteristics of the convex cylinder body (23) being wide at the bottom and narrow at the top can be used to amplify the dynamic displacement of the bridge and transmit it to the air energy device.

[0020] The actuator (16) is arranged at the center of the upper part of the air energy device and is fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. It can actively apply precise control force to the air energy device according to the real-time vibration conditions of the bridge, so that the TMD vibration reduction system can effectively control the vibration of the bridge under various loads and ensure the optimal vibration reduction effect.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0022] 1. The air energy device uses its own mass characteristics as the mass block of the bridge TMD vibration reduction system, plays a role in tuning and vibration reduction, and can also provide temperature control for the stable operation of the bridge health monitoring system. It improves the utilization efficiency of the system and reduces the complexity of the system.

[0023] 2. The bridge health monitoring system can monitor and analyze the status of the bridge in real time to promptly discover potential structural problems, and drive the bridge TMD vibration reduction system to reciprocate according to the collected vibration conditions, so that the bridge TMD vibration reduction system can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual vibration and temperature conditions of the structure, and realize adaptive control of the bridge vibration and operating temperature, thereby enhancing the earthquake and wind resistance of the bridge and extending the service life of the bridge.

[0024] 3. The spring system works in conjunction with the damper, connected to the lower and horizontal sides of the air energy device, to achieve multi-dimensional vibration reduction control including vertical and horizontal directions.

[0025] 4. The hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism is installed at the bottom of the air energy device to enhance the vibration reduction effect of the bridge TMD vibration reduction system by amplifying the displacement change of the bridge vibration.

[0026] 5. The actuator is connected to the upper part of the air energy device and can actively apply precise control force to the air energy device according to the actual vibration conditions of the bridge, so that the TMD vibration reduction system can effectively control the vibration of the bridge and ensure the optimal vibration reduction effect.

[0027] 6. Combining air energy technology with the bridge TMD vibration reduction system through integrated design not only improves the vibration reduction capacity of the bridge, but also utilizes clean energy and improves the coordinated vibration reduction efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a longitudinal schematic diagram of a bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic top view of the AA section of a bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a bottom view schematic diagram of the AA section of a bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the bridge health monitoring system;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the air energy device;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural section of a leaf spring;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structural section of the disc spring;

[0036] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structural section of the electromagnetic damper;

[0037] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the structural section of the hydraulic damper;

[0038] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structural cross section of the hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism.

[0039] Fig.12Schematic diagram of the structural section of the actuator.

[0040] In the figure: 1 - battery, 2 - acceleration sensor, 3 - temperature strain sensor, 4 - data acquisition module, 5 - communication module, 6 - control module, 7 - evaporator, 8 - compressor, 9 - condenser, 10 - expansion valve, 11 - leaf spring, 12 - disc spring, 13 - electromagnetic damper, 14 - hydraulic damper, 15 - hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism, 16 - actuator, 17 - pressure steel plate, 18 - combined steel plate, 19 - combined disc, 20 - electromagnetic piston, 21 - magnetic hydraulic oil, 22 - cylinder, 23 - convex cylinder body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is combined with Figure 1-11 The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments to better understand the structural and functional characteristics of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention can be better understood according to the following examples, but it should be pointed out that the examples are only examples for clearly explaining the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation methods of the present invention. Ordinary researchers in the field can still make other forms of beneficial changes based on the above description. It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, if the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "both sides", "vertical", "horizontal" and the like appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The present embodiment provides a bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy, which mainly comprises: a battery (1), an acceleration sensor (2), a temperature strain sensor (3), a data acquisition module (4), a communication module (5), a control module (6), an evaporator (7), a compressor (8), a condenser (9), an expansion valve (10), a leaf spring (11), a disc spring (12), an electromagnetic damper (13), a hydraulic damper (14), a hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism (15), an actuator (16), a pressure-bearing steel plate (17), a combined steel plate (18), a combined disc (19), an electromagnetic piston (20), a magnetic hydraulic oil (21), an oil cylinder (22) and a convex cylinder body (23).

[0045] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0046] 1) For a bridge section with a span of 50m, a single-box multi-chamber box girder with a bottom plate width of 5m, a height of 3m, and a weight of 2000t, the vertical first-order frequency of the bridge is 0.5Hz, and the corresponding vibration period is 2.0s. An air-energy-based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device is installed at the mid-span position of the bridge, which is mainly used to mitigate the multi-dimensional vibration of the bridge under wind load, traffic load and earthquake.

[0047] 2) The bridge health monitoring system mainly includes: batteries, acceleration sensors, temperature strain sensors, data acquisition modules, communication modules and control modules. The acceleration sensors use low-frequency servo acceleration sensors with a minimum response frequency of 0.1Hz, which are arranged on the inner side of the bottom plate in the bridge span and on the air energy device, and are used to collect the dynamic response of the structure under various load conditions in real time; the temperature strain sensors use fiber grating strain sensors with good anti-interference and corrosion resistance, which can change the wavelength of the reflected light waves according to the changes in temperature and strain. They are arranged on the inner and outer sides of the bottom plate and web in the bridge span, and are used to collect the temperature changes and strain deformation of the structure in real time. The data acquisition module converts the data collected by the sensor into digital signals, which are transmitted to the control module through the communication module. The control module stores and analyzes the received data signals, evaluates the health status of the structure through algorithms, generates reports and warning information, drives the TMD vibration reduction system to make appropriate reciprocating motions according to the collected box girder vibration conditions, and drives the air energy device to make appropriate temperature adjustments according to the collected box girder internal and external temperature conditions, so as to realize adaptive control of bridge vibration and working temperature.

[0048] 3) The air energy device is installed at the core of the TMD vibration reduction system. The device serves as the mass block of the TMD vibration reduction system and provides temperature control for the bridge based on monitoring data. Fixed to the 90mm thick Q345 pressure steel plate with high-strength bolts, the air energy device is 6m long, 4m wide, 2m high, and has a mass of 60t (3% of the entire box girder of 2000t) to ensure that it can effectively absorb the vibration energy of the bridge structure.

[0049] 4) The spring system includes leaf springs and disc springs. The leaf springs are 3.5m long, 0.3m wide, and 0.4m high. The lengths of the three steel sheets decrease from bottom to top and are stacked together. Each steel sheet is 8mm thick and is arranged around the lower part of the air energy device. It is mainly used to resist the impact of the vertical vibration of the bridge and provide vertical restoring force. The disc spring is equipped with 3 groups of discs with a total height of 0.5m. The outer diameter of each group of discs is 300mm, the inner diameter is 60mm, and the thickness is 30mm. It is arranged around the horizontal and lateral sides of the air energy device to resist the lateral shaking of the bridge and provide horizontal restoring force. The configuration of these two springs enables the TMD vibration reduction system to effectively cope with vibrations in multiple directions.

[0050] 5) The damper system consists of electromagnetic dampers and hydraulic dampers with a diameter of 300mm, which are arranged at the bottom and sides of the air energy device, and the height is consistent with the leaf spring and disc spring. The electromagnetic damper is arranged near the bottom center and the side center of the air energy device. Its main function is to adjust the viscosity of the magnetic hydraulic oil according to the current of the electromagnetic piston through electromagnetic control technology, adjust the damping force to dissipate excess vibration energy, and respond quickly when the bridge vibrates. The hydraulic damper is arranged around the electromagnetic damper to cooperate with the electromagnetic damper to dissipate vibration energy. The design and layout of the damper ensure that the system has good response capabilities to vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes.

[0051] 6) The hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism is installed at the bottom center of the air energy device. The bottom diameter of the convex cylinder is set to 600mm and the top diameter is set to 300mm. The volume difference between the wide bottom and narrow top of the convex cylinder can amplify the tiny vertical displacement of the bridge vibration and transmit it to the air energy device to improve the vibration control of the bridge.

[0052] 7) The actuator is set at the center of the upper part of the air energy device, with a response frequency of 0.10Hzˉ20.0Hz. It can actively apply precise control force to the air energy device according to the real-time monitoring of the bridge vibration, so that it is in the best vibration reduction condition, so that the TMD system can maintain a good vibration reduction effect under various complex load conditions. According to finite element simulation analysis, under wind load, the acceleration vibration reduction rate of the bridge structure can reach 28.7%, and the acceleration vibration reduction rate under earthquake action can reach 46.1%.

[0053] Through the coordinated work of the above components, the present invention can effectively control the vibration of the bridge structure under various loads, and at the same time adjust the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bridge, thereby improving the safety and durability of the bridge. The present invention is particularly suitable for the vibration reduction design of large-span box bridges such as suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges, and also has broad application prospects in the seismic reinforcement of small and medium-span bridges. The above is a typical example of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Claims

1. A bridge built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device based on air energy, mainly comprising: The bridge health monitoring system includes a battery, an accelerometer, a temperature strain sensor, a data acquisition module, a communication module, a control module, an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a leaf spring, a disc spring, an electromagnetic damper, a hydraulic damper, a hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism, an actuator, a pressure-bearing steel plate, a combined steel plate, a combined disc, an electromagnetic piston, a magnetic hydraulic oil, a cylinder and a convex cylinder body. Among them, the battery, the accelerometer, the temperature strain sensor, the data acquisition module, the communication module and the control module constitute the bridge health monitoring system. The air energy device includes a battery, an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve. The invention is characterized in that: the storage battery is used to store the electric energy generated by technologies such as solar power generation and wind power generation on the upper part of the bridge, and provide power supply for the operation of equipment such as the bridge health monitoring system and the air energy device; the bridge health monitoring system is used to monitor the vibration and internal and external temperature of the bridge; in addition to providing energy, the air energy device can also be used as a mass block of the bridge TMD vibration reduction system, and can provide reasonable temperature and humidity control according to the temperature data monitored by the bridge health monitoring system; the leaf spring and the disc spring provide vertical and lateral support and additional stiffness for the air energy device respectively; the electromagnetic damper and the hydraulic damper can reduce the vertical and horizontal amplitude of the air energy device, the electromagnetic damper can adjust the damping force according to the vibration data monitored by the bridge health monitoring system, and the hydraulic damper assists the electromagnetic damper to work together to maintain the stability of the bridge; the hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism is used to amplify the dynamic displacement of the bridge and transmit it to the air energy device to improve the vibration control ability of the bridge; the actuator actively applies precise control force to the air energy device according to the vibration data collected by the bridge health monitoring system. The coordinated operation of the above equipment enables the TMD vibration reduction system to effectively control the vibration of the bridge under various loads and ensure the optimal vibration reduction effect.

2. The air energy-based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acceleration sensors and temperature strain sensors of the bridge health monitoring system are mainly arranged on the inner and outer walls of the air energy device and the main beam span, and are used to collect data such as the dynamic response, temperature change and strain deformation of the structure in real time. The collected data is transmitted to the control module through the data acquisition module and the communication module. The control module analyzes the received data, evaluates the health status of the structure through the algorithm, and drives the TMD vibration reduction system to make appropriate responses according to the monitored vertical vibration and temperature of the box beam, so as to achieve adaptive control of the bridge vibration and operating environment, thereby enhancing the vibration resistance of the bridge.

3. The air energy-based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air energy device is arranged in the middle of the span of the bridge. The mass of the air energy device is usually set to 2% to 5% of the main beam structure of the bridge. It is fixed to the bottom pressure steel plate by high-strength bolts or welding. The thickness of the pressure steel plate should be determined according to the load. Q235 and Q345 steel can be used. The working principle of the air energy device is based on heat pump technology: first, the evaporator absorbs heat from the air and evaporates the liquid refrigerant into a gaseous state. Then, a small amount of electrical energy drives the compressor to compress the gaseous refrigerant, raising the temperature and pressure to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Then, the hot air flow enters the condenser and releases heat for heating. Finally, the liquid refrigerant is depressurized and lowered in temperature through the expansion valve and enters the next cycle.

4. The air energy based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The leaf springs are arranged around the bottom of the air energy device and fixed to the pressure steel plate with high-strength bolts to provide vertical restoring force. The length of the combined steel sheet decreases from top to bottom. The setting of the stiffness needs to match the vertical natural frequency of the bridge. High-strength manganese steel with an elastic modulus of not less than 200GPa and a yield strength of not less than 600MPa is usually used. The length of the leaf spring is generally not less than 1 / 2 of the length of the structure, and the width is generally not less than 1 / 20 of the length of the structure. The longer the vibration period of the bridge, the lower the stiffness of the leaf spring should be set; the shorter the vibration period of the bridge, the higher the stiffness of the leaf spring should be set.

5. The air energy based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The disc springs are evenly arranged along both sides of the air energy device and fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts to provide horizontal restoring force. The setting of the disc spring stiffness needs to match the horizontal natural frequency of the bridge. Silicon manganese spring steel with an elastic modulus of not less than 210GPa and a yield strength of not less than 1200MPa is usually used. The outer diameter of the combined disc is generally not less than 1 / 20 of the long side of the structure. The lower the horizontal natural frequency of the bridge, the lower the stiffness of the disc spring should be set; the higher the horizontal natural frequency of the bridge, the higher the stiffness of the disc spring should be set.

6. The air energy based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Two electromagnetic dampers are arranged near the bottom center of the air energy device and the center of both sides, and are fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. The outer diameter of the electromagnetic damper is the same as the disc spring. The viscosity of the magnetic hydraulic oil can be adjusted according to the current passing through the electromagnetic piston, so that the electromagnetic damper can adjust the damping force according to the monitored vibration data to consume excess vibration energy.

7. The air energy based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydraulic dampers are arranged at the bottom and around the two sides of the air energy device, and are fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. The size of the hydraulic dampers is the same as that of the electromagnetic dampers. By designing a suitable cylinder aperture to adjust the damping force, the electromagnetic dampers work together to maintain the stability of the bridge.

8. The air energy based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydraulic displacement amplification mechanism is installed at the center of the bottom of the air energy device and is fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. The maximum diameter of the convex cylinder body is usually 1 / 8 to 1 / 10 of the long side of the structure, and the minimum diameter is usually 1 / 15 to 1 / 20 of the long side of the structure. The characteristics of the convex cylinder body being wide at the bottom and narrow at the top can be used to amplify the dynamic displacement of the bridge and transmit it to the air energy device.

9. The air energy based built-in multi-dimensional adaptive tuning vibration reduction and monitoring device for bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The actuator is arranged at the center of the upper part of the air energy device and fixed to the bridge structure with high-strength bolts. It can actively apply precise control force to the air energy device according to the real-time vibration conditions of the bridge, so that the TMD vibration reduction system can effectively control the vibration of the bridge under various loads and ensure the optimal vibration reduction effect.

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