Electric vehicle demand response real-time control method based on power utilization right transfer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle demand response real-time control, solves the technical problem that in the prior art, when an electric vehicle participates in power grid demand response, the phenomenon of vehicle waiting for a pile exists, and particularly relates to an electric vehicle demand response real-time control method based on power utilization right transfer. The objective of the invention is to realize mutual negotiation between electric vehicle users and promote a charging electric vehicle user to transfer a charging pile to a user who urgently needs to be charged for use, namely power utilization right transfer. According to the invention, the load voltage drop of the charging station during the demand response period can be ensured, mutual cooperation between the electric vehicles is realized, the electric vehicle user waiting for charging can be charged in time through the power utilization right transfer of the charging pile, and the condition that the vehicle waits for the pile is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle demand response real-time control, and in particular to an electric vehicle demand response real-time control method based on electricity use right transfer. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of electric vehicles, the demand for charging is increasing. Limited by the deployment location, capacity and number of electric vehicle charging piles, some charging stations will have cars waiting for charging piles, especially during the peak charging hours at noon and early morning. Waiting in line for charging piles has become the norm in some areas, reducing the user experience. In addition, the increase in the number of electric vehicles has, to a certain extent, put a certain burden on the stable operation of the distribution network in the area where the charging station is located.

[0003] In order to enhance the user experience of electric vehicles, ensure the personalized charging needs of electric vehicles, and reduce the impact of electric vehicle access on distribution network areas, power grid companies guide electric vehicle charging behavior in an orderly manner and change the user's charging time and demand. The typical means used by power grid companies include demand response, which are electricity price demand response and incentive demand response. Electricity price demand response is to increase the electricity price during peak charging hours and reduce the electricity price during valley charging hours by setting a time-of-use electricity price model, so as to guide users who are sensitive to charging electricity prices to charge during valley hours. Incentive demand response is to reduce charging demand by giving subsidies, such as adjusting the charging power level or transferring the load to any other time period.

[0004] During the implementation of demand response, the number of available charging piles or the power of charging piles may be limited. Although power grid companies can intervene in users' charging behavior to reduce the phenomenon of cars waiting for charging piles, it is more of a top-down model. Few studies and applications consider the bottom-up model, allowing electric vehicle users and electric vehicle users to negotiate on their own to change charging behavior and avoid the situation of cars waiting for charging piles during demand response. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that electric vehicles wait for charging piles during their participation in grid demand response.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Obtain electric vehicle information, demand response control parameter information, and charging pile information;

[0008] S2. Initialize the demand response control parameters t and I. Let the current period t = 1, and the set of electric vehicles being charged Electric vehicle charging status collection Electric vehicle power collection at different time periods Electric vehicle remaining power collection at different time periods represents the empty set;

[0009] S3, remove the electric vehicle i that is not charging from the electric vehicle user set I that is charging;

[0010] S4, determining whether the current time period t is in the demand response period;

[0011] If yes, go to step S7; if no, go to step S5;

[0012] S5, determining whether the number of charging piles during the non-demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge;

[0013] If yes, it means there are extra charging piles available, then go to step S6; if no, go to step S9;

[0014] S6, formulate a charging plan for electric vehicle users who plan to charge, and then proceed to step S11;

[0015] S7, determining whether the number of charging piles during the demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge;

[0016] If yes, it means there are extra charging piles available, then go to step S6; if no, go to step S8;

[0017] S8, according to the charging sequence, remove some users from the charging electric vehicle user set I;

[0018] S9, determining whether the electric vehicle users who are charging and the electric vehicle users who plan to charge meet the conditions for starting the electricity rights transaction, which include purchasing the electricity rights and selling the electricity rights;

[0019] If yes, go to step S10; if no, go to step S11;

[0020] S10. Optimize the charging plans of users who purchase and sell electricity rights;

[0021] S11, determine whether the current time period t is equal to the time set T;

[0022] If so, then end;

[0023] If not, enter the next time period t=t+1 and return to step S1.

[0024] Further, in step S6, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0025] S61. Determine the arrival time of each electric vehicle j according to the principle of first come, first served, and sort the electric vehicles j in the set J;

[0026] S62. Initialize the variable j and set j = 1;

[0027] S63. Calculate the number of rechargeable users according to the number of electric vehicles in the set I, that is:

[0028] K = K MAX -|I|

[0029] In the above formula, K is a variable, indicating that there are K charging piles remaining in the charging station, and the first K users can charge;

[0030] S64. Judge whether j < K holds. If it holds, go to step S65; otherwise, end;

[0031] S65. Formulate a charging plan for the electric vehicle users planning to charge;

[0032] S66. Incorporate the users with the formulated electric vehicle user charging plan and charging gear arrangement into the set I, and merge the original charging plan and charging gear arrangement of the users into the sets O and P, that is:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] I = I ∪ j

[0037] S67. Judge whether j < |J| holds, where |J| represents the number of electric vehicle users planning to charge. If the condition j < |J| holds, then set j = j + 1 and return to step S61; otherwise, end.

[0038] Further, in step S65, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0039] S651. Construct an electric vehicle user cost model with the goal of minimizing cost. The optimization goal is to minimize cost, and the cost is calculated as follows:

[0040]

[0041] In the above formula, is a variable, representing the original cost of electric vehicle j; P j，t is a variable, representing the charging power of electric vehicle j in the t period, where Pj，t ∈{P FC ,P SC};o j，t is a 0-1 Boolean variable, o j,t ∈{0, 1}, represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in period t, charging is equal to 1, otherwise it is 0;

[0042] S652: Construct a charging power constraint model. The charging power of electric vehicles meets the following constraints:

[0043] -(1-u j,t )M+o j,t P FC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P FC +(1-u j,t )M

[0044] -u j,t M+o j,t P SC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P SC +u j,t M

[0045] -o j,t M≤P j,t ≤o j,t M

[0046] In the above formula, u j，t is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle j uses fast charging in time period t. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; M is a constant, indicating a maximum value;

[0047] S653. Construct a charging operation constraint model, the expression is:

[0048]

[0049] In the above formula, S j，t is a variable, which represents the battery capacity of electric vehicle j in time period t; ρ is a constant, which represents the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile; It means that electric vehicle j is in charging state after arriving at the charging station;

[0050] S654. Taking the electric vehicle user cost model as the optimization target, and the charging power constraint model and the charging operation constraint model as the constraint conditions, the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging gear arrangement are optimized, namely:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] In the above formula, is a set, which represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in each time period; is a set, which represents the charging power of electric vehicle j in each time period; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period Charging power; represents the charging power of electric vehicle i in time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period Charging power; is a set, which represents the battery capacity of electric vehicle j in each time period.

[0055] Further, in step S7, the judgment condition is:

[0056]

[0057] In the above formula, |I| is a constant, which means the number of electric vehicles in the calculation set I; K MAX is a constant, which represents the maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled by the charging station during the demand response period. The maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled is calculated as follows:

[0058]

[0059] In the above formula, is the rounding symbol; is a constant, indicating the estimated load after the electric vehicle charging station reduces the load; P FC Is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S9, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0061] S91, calculating the charging time limit of the electric vehicle user who is charging and the electric vehicle user who plans to charge;

[0062] The charging time limit for electric vehicle users is:

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the maximum charging time of electric vehicle i being charged; is a constant, which indicates the minimum charging time of the electric vehicle i being charged; ρ is a constant, which indicates the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the charging efficiency of the charging piles of the charging station is set to be consistent; Δt is the time interval; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle i when it leaves the charging station; P SC is a constant, indicating the slow charging power of the charging pile; S i,t Indicates the charging time of the electric vehicle i being charged;

[0066] The charging time limit for electric vehicle users who plan to charge is:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] In the above formula, is a constant, which indicates the minimum charging time of electric vehicle j that is planned to be charged; is a constant, indicating the maximum charging time of the electric vehicle j planned to be charged; P FC is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile; is a constant, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station;

[0070] S92: Determine whether the user of the electric vehicle that is charging can complete the charging before leaving. If so, the user can sell the electricity right for the current period t. The electric vehicle i that sells the electricity right must meet the following constraints:

[0071]

[0072] In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station;

[0073] S93. Determine whether the electric vehicle user who plans to charge can complete charging before leaving. If not, the user needs to purchase the electricity usage right for the current period t. The electric vehicle j that purchases the electricity usage right needs to meet the following constraints:

[0074]

[0075] In the above formula, is a constant, which indicates the minimum charging time of electric vehicle j that is planned to be charged; is a constant, which indicates the maximum charging time of electric vehicle j that is planned to be charged.

[0076] Furthermore, in step S10, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0077] S101. Develop an electric vehicle charging plan for purchasing electricity rights, specifically:

[0078] During the charging period t, the charging power is the fast charging power. At this time, the remaining power of the electric vehicle when it arrives at the charging station is changed to:

[0079]

[0080] In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the battery power of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; P FC is a constant, which indicates the fast charging power of the charging pile; ρ is a constant, which indicates the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the charging efficiency of the charging piles at the charging station is set to be consistent; x i,j is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells electricity rights to electric vehicle j. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; Δt is a constant, indicating the time interval;

[0081] S102. Electric vehicles that sell electricity rights adjust their subsequent charging plans.

[0082] Further, in step S102, adjusting the subsequent charging plan includes the following steps:

[0083] S1021. Construct a cost model after adjusting the subsequent charging plan of the electric vehicle, which is:

[0084]

[0085] In the above formula, is a variable, which represents the actual cost of electric vehicle i after selling electricity rights and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the electricity cost of electric vehicle i before it sells the electricity right and adjusts the charging plan; is a constant, which represents the charge generated by electric vehicle i when it stops at the charging station before selling the electricity right and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the electricity cost after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right and adjusts the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the charge generated by electric vehicle i when it parks at a charging station after selling the electricity right and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which indicates the subsidy obtained by electric vehicle i for purchasing electricity rights;

[0086] in,

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] In the above formula, τ is an auxiliary variable; x i,j is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells electricity rights to electric vehicle j. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; is a constant, representing the unit subsidy for electric vehicle j to purchase electricity rights; q REMA is a constant, representing the unit charge for electric vehicles to park and charge at charging stations; and In the definition of i,τ With o i,τ Take values ​​separately and in, They represent the electric vehicle i in the time period and the charging state at t-1; and In the definition of i,τ With o i,τ are variables to be solved; represents the time when electric vehicle i arrives at the charging station; It refers to the electricity price issued by electric vehicle load aggregators to electric vehicle users after considering the costs of charging pile operation and maintenance;

[0093] S1022, according to cost The objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator and the electric vehicle constraints are constructed as:

[0094]

[0095] In the above formula, C is the total cost of electric vehicle users who are charging after the charging plan is adjusted;

[0096] The electric vehicle constraints are:

[0097]

[0098] In the above formula, J BUY Indicates that the user who purchases the electricity right of electric vehicle j satisfies the constraint A collection of;

[0099] S1023. Taking the objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator as the optimization target, solve the electricity cost under the electric vehicle constraint condition and charges The variable P in i,τ With o i,τ Get the optimal solution, where the variable P i,τ The optimal solution is: Variable o i,τ The optimal solution is:

[0100] S1024, according to variable P i,τ With o i,τ The optimal solution update set and in:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] In the above formula, It represents the charging power of electric vehicle i at t+1 after selling the electricity right in time period t; It means that after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right for time period t, it leaves the charging station Charging power at represents the charging status of electric vehicle i at t+1 after selling the electricity right in period t; It means that after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right for time period t, it leaves the charging station The charging status at that time.

[0104] By means of the above technical solution, the present invention provides a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, which has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0105] 1. The electric vehicle demand response control method proposed in the present invention can ensure the load voltage drop of the charging station during the demand response period, while realizing mutual coordination between electric vehicles. By transferring the electricity usage rights of the charging piles, it can meet the needs of electric vehicle users who are waiting for charging and charge in time, thus avoiding the situation where the car waits for the pile.

[0106] 2. The electric vehicle demand response control method proposed in the present invention replaces the traditional top-down model. By adopting a bottom-up model, electric vehicle users and electric vehicle users can negotiate with each other to change their charging behavior and avoid the situation where the car waits for the charging pile during the demand response period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0107] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0108] Figure 1The present invention is a flow chart of an electric vehicle demand response control method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0109] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods, so that the implementation process of how the present application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly.

[0110] The existing technology mainly adopts a top-down control mode, where the power grid controls the electric vehicle charging piles to avoid the situation where cars are waiting for the charging piles during the demand response period. Figure 1 This embodiment proposes a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, the purpose of which is to achieve mutual negotiation between electric vehicle users and encourage electric vehicle users who are charging to transfer charging piles to users who urgently need to charge, that is, electricity right transfer. The method includes the following steps:

[0111] S1. Obtain electric vehicle information, demand response control parameter information, and charging pile information. Electric vehicle information includes Demand response control parameter information includes J, j, I, i, O, P, S, T, T DR ,t,Δt,T DRS 、T DRE 、T DR，START 、T DR，END , v t ; Charging pile information includes P FC , P SC , K MAX .

[0112] in, is a constant, indicating the time when the jth electric vehicle arrives at the charging station; is a constant, indicating the time when the jth electric vehicle leaves the charging station; is a constant, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station; is a constant, representing the maximum storage capacity of the battery of electric vehicle j.

[0113] J is a set, which represents the set of electric vehicles j that are planned to be charged in the current time period; j is a variable, which represents the jth electric vehicle, j∈J; I is a set, which represents the set of electric vehicles i that are being charged; i is a variable, which represents the i-th electric vehicle, i∈I; T is a time set; t is a variable, which represents the time period number, t∈T; Δt is a constant, which represents the time interval; O is a set, whose elements are the charging status set of electric vehicle i that is being charged; P is a set, whose elements are the power set of electric vehicle i that is being charged in each time period; S is a set, whose elements are the remaining power set of electric vehicle i that is being charged in each time period.

[0114] T DR is a constant, indicating the demand response period; T DRS is a constant, indicating the start time of demand response; T DRE is a constant, indicating the end period of demand response; T DR，START is a constant, indicating the time period during which the power grid company initiates demand response; T DR，END is a constant, indicating the end period of the grid company's demand response; is a constant, which represents the unit response capacity subsidy issued by the power grid company in time period t after it initiates the load reduction invitation; is a constant, which represents the electricity price issued by the electric vehicle load aggregator to electric vehicle users after considering the cost of charging pile operation and maintenance; q REMA is a constant, representing the unit charge for electric vehicles to park and charge at charging stations; v t is a constant, representing the electricity price of the power grid company in period t.

[0115] P FC is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile; P SC is a constant, indicating the slow charging power of the charging pile; K MAX It is a constant representing the maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled by the charging station during non-demand response period.

[0116] S2. Initialize the demand response control parameters t and I. Let the current period t = 1, and the set of electric vehicles being charged Electric vehicle charging status collection Electric vehicle power collection at different time periods Electric vehicle remaining power collection at different time periods represents the empty set;

[0117] S3. According to Remove the electric vehicle i that is not charging from the electric vehicle user set I that is charging, where i∈I, represents the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station. Taking electric vehicle user i as an example, when It can be removed from the set I, and now I=Ii.

[0118] S4. Determine whether the current period t is in the demand response period. The determination condition is:

[0119] T DRS ≤t≤T DRE

[0120] In the above formula, T DRS is a constant, indicating the start time of demand response; T DRE is a constant, indicating the end period of demand response;

[0121] If yes, go to step S7; if no, go to step S5;

[0122] S5. Determine whether the number of charging piles during the non-demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. The judgment conditions are:

[0123] |I|<K MAX

[0124] In the above formula, I is a set, which represents the set of electric vehicles being charged; |I| is a constant, which represents the number of electric vehicles in the calculated set I; K MAX is a constant, indicating the maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled at the charging station during non-demand response period;

[0125] If yes, it means there are extra charging piles available, then go to step S6; if no, go to step S9;

[0126] S6, formulate a charging plan for electric vehicle users who plan to charge, and then enter step S11; during the non-demand response period, the number of charging piles can meet the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge, and then formulate a charging plan for electric vehicle users. In this process, there is no need for mutual coordination between electric vehicle users, that is, in step S6, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0127] S61, judging the arrival time of each electric vehicle j according to the principle of first come first served, and sorting the electric vehicles j in the set J;

[0128] S62, initialize variable j, set j=1;

[0129] S63. Calculate the number of charging users according to the number of electric vehicles in set I, that is:

[0130] K=K MAX -|I|

[0131] In the above formula, K is a variable, indicating that there are K charging piles left at the charging station, and the first K users can charge;

[0132] S64. Determine whether j < K holds. If it holds, proceed to step S65; otherwise, end.

[0133] S65. Develop a charging plan for the electric vehicle users who plan to charge. In step S65, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0134] S651. Construct a cost model for electric vehicle users with the goal of minimizing costs. Specifically, the first K electric vehicle users use the charging piles in the order of arrival. Taking the j-th electric vehicle as an example, the optimization goal is to minimize costs, and the cost is calculated as follows:

[0135]

[0136] In the above formula, is a variable representing the original cost of electric vehicle j; P j，t is a variable representing the charging power of electric vehicle j at time t, where P j，t ∈{P FC , P SC}; o j，t is a 0-1 Boolean variable, o j,t ∈{0, 1}, representing the charging status of electric vehicle j at time t. Charging is equal to 1, otherwise it is 0.

[0137] S652. Construct a charging power constraint model. The charging power of the electric vehicle satisfies the following constraints:

[0138] -(1 - u j,t )M + o j,t P FC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P FC +(1 - u j,t )M

[0139] -u j,t M + o j,t P SC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P SC +u j,t M

[0140] -o j,t M ≤ P j,t ≤o j,t M

[0141] In the above formula, u j，t is a 0-1 variable representing whether electric vehicle j uses fast charging at time t. Using fast charging is 1, otherwise it is 0; M is a constant representing a very large value.

[0142] S653. Construct a charging operation constraint model, the expression is:

[0143]

[0144] In the above formula, S j，t is a variable, which represents the battery capacity of electric vehicle j in time period t; ρ is a constant, which represents the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile; It means that electric vehicle j is in charging state after arriving at the charging station.

[0145] S654. Taking the electric vehicle user cost model as the optimization target, and the charging power constraint model and the charging operation constraint model as the constraint conditions, the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging gear arrangement are optimized. Based on the optimization target and the constraint conditions, this embodiment can choose to use genetic algorithms, greedy algorithms, simulated annealing or particle swarm optimization algorithms to find the global optimal solution or approximate optimal solution, so as to solve the electric vehicle user charging plan and the corresponding charging gear arrangement. The existing technical means will not be described in detail here.

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] In the above formula, is a set, which represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in each time period; is a set, which represents the charging power of electric vehicle j in each time period; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period Charging power; represents the charging power of electric vehicle i in time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period Charging power; is a set, which represents the battery capacity of electric vehicle j in each time period.

[0150] S66. The users who have formulated the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging gear arrangement are incorporated into the set I, and the users' original charging plan and charging gear arrangement are incorporated into the sets O and P, that is:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] I=I∪j

[0155] S67, determine whether j<|J| holds, where |J| represents the number of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. If the condition j<|J| holds, set j=j+1 and return to step S61; otherwise, end.

[0156] In order to effectively meet the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge during non-demand response periods, this embodiment optimizes the utilization rate of charging piles and reduces users' waiting time. Therefore, by formulating a charging plan for electric vehicle users who plan to charge, it not only improves the charging efficiency and user experience, but also promotes the popularization of electric vehicles and the optimal use of energy, while enhancing the stability and reliability of the system, providing strong support for the development of electric vehicle charging services.

[0157] It can reasonably allocate charging pile resources, reduce user waiting time, and improve the utilization rate of charging piles and overall charging efficiency. At the same time, it takes into account the user's expected charging time and tries to arrange charging in the time period closest to the user's expectations, thereby improving user satisfaction and charging experience. Moreover, during non-demand response periods, by reasonably arranging charging plans, the grid load can be balanced and large-scale charging can be avoided during the peak period of the grid, thereby reducing the pressure on the grid and optimizing energy utilization.

[0158] By developing a detailed charging plan and monitoring its execution in real time, potential problems such as charging pile failure and communication interruption can be discovered and solved in a timely manner, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire charging system. Moreover, by analyzing historical data, key indicators such as the changing trend of charging demand and the utilization rate of charging piles can be understood, providing a scientific basis for future charging facility planning and power grid dispatching.

[0159] S7. Determine whether the number of charging piles during the demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. The judgment conditions are:

[0160]

[0161] In the above formula, K MAX is a constant, which represents the maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled by the charging station during the demand response period. The maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled is calculated as follows:

[0162]

[0163] In the above formula, is the rounding symbol; is a constant, indicating the estimated load after the electric vehicle charging station reduces the load; P FC is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile;

[0164] If yes, it means there are extra charging piles available, then go to step S6; if no, go to step S8;

[0165] S8, according to the charging order, the first K MAX The first electric car user who charges is retained and continues to charge, and the remaining users are removed from set I and update their own information; the users removed from set I update their own information, taking user i as an example, and updating I, J, O, P, and The details are as follows:

[0166] I=Ii

[0167] J=J∪i

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] In the above formula, is a set, representing the charging status of electric vehicle i in each time period according to the charging plan formulated in step S6; is a set, which represents the charging power of electric vehicle i in each time period according to the charging plan formulated in step S6; is a set, which represents the battery capacity of the electric vehicle in each time period after the electric vehicle i is charged according to the charging plan formulated in step S6; is the battery capacity of the electric vehicle i charged to time period t according to the charging plan in step S6.

[0174] S9, determining whether the electric vehicle users who are charging and the electric vehicle users who plan to charge meet the conditions for starting the electricity rights transaction, which include purchasing the electricity rights and selling the electricity rights;

[0175] If yes, go to step S10; if no, go to step S11.

[0176] In step S9, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0177] S91, calculating the charging time limit of the electric vehicle user who is charging and the electric vehicle user who plans to charge;

[0178] The charging time limit for electric vehicle users is:

[0179] The maximum and minimum charging times for electric vehicle users who are charging are defined as follows:

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] In the above formula, is a constant, which indicates the maximum charging time of electric vehicle user i; ρ is a constant, which indicates the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the charging efficiency of the charging piles of the charging station is assumed to be the same; Δt is the time interval; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle i when it leaves the charging station; P SC is a constant, indicating the slow charging power of the charging pile; S i,t Indicates the charging time of the electric car i being charged.

[0183] The charging time limit for electric vehicle users who plan to charge is:

[0184] The maximum and minimum charging times for electric vehicle users who plan to charge are defined as follows:

[0185]

[0186]

[0187] In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the minimum charging time of electric vehicle user i; is a constant, indicating the maximum charging time of electric vehicle user i; P FC is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile; is a constant, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, which represents the remaining power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station.

[0188] S92: Determine whether the user of the electric car that is charging can complete the charging before leaving. If so, the user can sell the electricity right for the current period t. Taking user i as an example, the user who sells the electricity right must meet the following constraints:

[0189]

[0190] In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station; analyzing the user set that meets the above constraints, with I SELL express.

[0191] S93: Determine whether the electric vehicle user who plans to charge can complete the charging before leaving. If not, the user needs to purchase the electricity usage right for the current period t. Taking electric vehicle user j as an example, the user who purchases the electricity usage right needs to meet the following constraints:

[0192]

[0193] Analyze the user set that meets the above constraints, and use J BUY express.

[0194] S10, optimizing the charging plans of users who purchase and sell electricity rights; in step S10, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0195] S101. Develop an electric vehicle charging plan for purchasing electricity rights, specifically:

[0196] During time period t, the charging power is fast charging power. At this time, the remaining power of the electric vehicle when it arrives at the charging station is changed. Taking user j as an example, the remaining power of the electric vehicle when it arrives at the charging station is:

[0197]

[0198] S102, the electric vehicle that sells the electricity right adjusts the subsequent charging plan. In step S102, adjusting the subsequent charging plan includes the following steps:

[0199] S1021. Construct a cost model after adjusting the subsequent charging plan of the electric vehicle, which is:

[0200]

[0201] In the above formula, is a variable, which represents the actual cost of electric vehicle i after selling electricity rights and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the electricity cost of electric vehicle i before it sells the electricity right and adjusts the charging plan; is a constant, which represents the charge generated by electric vehicle i when it stops at the charging station before selling the electricity right and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the electricity cost after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right and adjusts the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the charge generated by electric vehicle i when it parks at a charging station after selling the electricity right and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which indicates the subsidy obtained by electric vehicle i for purchasing electricity rights.

[0202]

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207] In the above formula, τ is an auxiliary variable; x i,j is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells electricity rights to electric vehicle j. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; is a constant, representing the unit subsidy for electric vehicle j to purchase electricity rights; q REMA is a constant, representing the unit charge for electric vehicles parking and charging at charging stations; and In the definition of i,τ With o i,τ Take values ​​separately and in, They represent the electric vehicle i in the time period and the charging state at t-1; and In the definition of i,τ With o i,τ are variables to be solved; and The definition is similar, indicating the time it takes for electric vehicle i to arrive at the charging station; and The definition is similar, referring to the electricity price issued by electric vehicle load aggregators to electric vehicle users after considering the costs of charging pile operation and maintenance.

[0208] S1022, according to cost The objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator and the electric vehicle constraints are constructed as:

[0209]

[0210] In the above formula, C is the total cost of electric vehicle users who are charging after the charging plan is adjusted.

[0211] The electric vehicle constraints are:

[0212]

[0213] In the above formula, J BUY Indicates that the user who purchases the electricity right of electric vehicle j satisfies the constraint A collection of;

[0214] S1023. Taking the objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator as the optimization target, solve the electricity cost under the electric vehicle constraint condition and charges The variable P in i,τ With o i,τ Get the optimal solution, where the variable P i,τ The optimal solution is: Variable o i,τ The optimal solution is: Here, we can choose to use genetic algorithm, greedy algorithm, simulated annealing or particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the global optimal solution or approximate optimal solution. We will not go into details about the existing technical means.

[0215] S1024, according to variable P i,τ With o i,τ The optimal solution update set and in:

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] In the above formula, It represents the charging power of electric vehicle i at t+1 after selling the electricity right in time period t; It means that after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right for time period t, it leaves the charging station Charging power at represents the charging status of electric vehicle i at t+1 after selling the electricity right in period t; It means that after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right for time period t, it leaves the charging station The charging status at that time.

[0219] S11, determine whether the current time period t is equal to the time set T; if so, end; if not, enter the next time period t=t+1 and return to step S1.

[0220] The electric vehicle demand response control method proposed in this embodiment can ensure that the load voltage of the charging station drops during the demand response period while achieving mutual coordination between electric vehicles. By transferring the electricity usage rights of the charging piles, it can meet the needs of electric vehicle users who are waiting for charging and charge in time, thus avoiding the situation where the car waits for the charging pile.

[0221] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned embodiment method can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, so the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0222] The above implementation methods have been described in detail. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain electric vehicle information, demand response control parameter information, and charging pile information; S2. Initialize the demand response control parameters t and I. Let the current period t = 1, and the set of electric vehicles being charged Electric vehicle charging status collection Electric vehicle power collection at different time periods Electric vehicle remaining power collection at different time periods represents the empty set; S3. Remove the non-charging electric vehicle i from the set I of electric vehicle users who are charging; S4. Determine whether the current time period t is within the demand response period; If so, go to step S7; if not, go to step S5; S5. Determine whether the number of charging piles during the non-demand response period meets the charging requirements of the electric vehicle users with planned charging; If so, it means there are extra charging piles available, then go to step S6; if not, go to step S9; S6. Develop a charging plan for the electric vehicle users with planned charging, and then go to step S11; S7. Determine whether the number of charging piles during the demand response period meets the charging requirements of the electric vehicle users with planned charging; If so, it means there are extra charging piles available, then go to step S6; if not, go to step S8; S8. Remove some users from the set I of electric vehicle users who are charging in the order of charging priority; S9. Determine whether the electric vehicle users who are charging and the electric vehicle users with planned charging meet the power trading start conditions, and the power trading start conditions include purchasing power rights and selling power rights; If so, go to step S10; if not, go to step S11; S10. Optimize the charging plans of the users who purchase power rights and sell power rights; S11. Determine whether the current time period t is equal to the time set T; If so, end; If not, go to the next time period t = t + 1, and return to step S1.

2. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric vehicle information includes Demand response control parameter information includes J, j, I, i, O, P, S, T, T DR ,t,Δt,T DRS , T DRE , T DR,START , T DR,END , v t ; Charging pile information includes P FC , P SC , K MAX ; in, is a constant, indicating the time when the jth electric vehicle arrives at the charging station; is a constant, indicating the time when the jth electric vehicle leaves the charging station; is a constant, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station; is a constant, representing the maximum storage capacity of the battery of electric vehicle j; J is a set representing the set of electric vehicles j with planned charging in the current time period; j is a variable representing the j-th electric vehicle, j ∈ J; I is a set representing the set of electric vehicles i that are charging; i is a variable representing the i-th electric vehicle, i ∈ I; T is the time set; t is a variable representing the time period number, t ∈ T; Δt is a constant representing the time interval; O is a set whose elements are the charging status sets of the electric vehicles i that are charging; P is a set whose elements are the power sets of the electric vehicles i that are charging in each time period; S is a set whose elements are the remaining power sets of the electric vehicles i that are charging in each time period; T DR is a constant, indicating the demand response period; T DRS is a constant, indicating the start time of demand response; T DRE is a constant, indicating the end period of demand response; T DR,START is a constant, indicating the time period during which the power grid company initiates demand response; T DR,END is a constant, indicating the end period of the grid company's demand response; is a constant, which represents the unit response capacity subsidy issued by the power grid company in time period t after it initiates the load reduction invitation; is a constant, which represents the electricity price issued by the electric vehicle load aggregator to electric vehicle users after considering the cost of charging pile operation and maintenance; q REMA is a constant, representing the unit charge for electric vehicles to park and charge at charging stations; v t is a constant, representing the electricity price of the power grid company in period t; P FC is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile; P SC is a constant, indicating the slow charging power of the charging pile; K MAX It is a constant representing the maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled by the charging station during non-demand response period.

3. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S6, the specific process includes the following steps: S61. Determine the arrival time of each electric vehicle j according to the first-come, first-served principle, and sort the electric vehicles j in the set J; S62. Initialize the variable j, and let j = 1; S63. Calculate the number of chargeable users according to the number of electric vehicles in the set I, that is: K=K MAX -|I| In the above formula, K is a variable representing that there are K remaining charging piles at the charging station, and the first K users can charge; S64. Determine whether j < K holds. If it holds, go to step S65; otherwise, end; S65. Develop a charging plan for the electric vehicle users with planned charging; S66. Incorporate the users with the developed electric vehicle user charging plans and charging gear arrangements into the set I, and merge the original charging plans and charging gear arrangements of the users into the sets O and P, that is: S67, determine whether j<|J| holds, where |J| represents the number of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. If the condition j<|J| holds, set j=j+1 and return to step S61; otherwise, end.

4. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S65, the specific process includes the following steps: S651. Build an electric vehicle user cost model with the goal of cost minimization. The optimization goal is to minimize the cost. The cost calculation is as follows: In the above formula, is a variable, representing the original cost of electric vehicle j; P j,t is a variable, which represents the charging power of electric vehicle j in period t, where P j,t ∈{P FC ,P SC };o j,t is a 0-1 Boolean variable, o j,t ∈{0,1}, represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in time period t, charging is equal to 1, otherwise it is 0; S652: Construct a charging power constraint model. The charging power of electric vehicles meets the following constraints: -(1-u j,t )M+o j,t Q FC ≤P j,t ≤o j,t Q FC +(1-u j,t )M -u j,t M+o j,t Q SC ≤P j,t ≤o j,t Q SC +u j,t M -o j,t M≤P j,t ≤o j,t M In the above formula, u j,t is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle j uses fast charging in time period t. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; M is a constant, indicating a maximum value; S653, construct a charging operation constraint model, the expression is: In the above formula, S j,t is a variable, which represents the battery capacity of electric vehicle j in time period t; ρ is a constant, which represents the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile; It means that electric vehicle j is in charging state after arriving at the charging station; S654. Taking the electric vehicle user cost model as the optimization target, and the charging power constraint model and the charging operation constraint model as the constraint conditions, the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging gear arrangement are optimized, namely: In the above formula, is a set, which represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in each time period; is a set, which represents the charging power of electric vehicle j in each time period; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; represents the charging status of electric vehicle j in time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period Charging power; represents the charging power of electric vehicle i in time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period Charging power; is a set, which represents the battery capacity of electric vehicle j in each period.

5. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the judgment condition is: In the above formula, |I| is a constant, which means the number of electric vehicles in the calculation set I; K MAX is a constant, which represents the maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled by the charging station during the demand response period. The maximum number of charging piles that can be enabled is calculated as follows: In the above formula, is the rounding symbol; is a constant, which represents the estimated load after the electric vehicle charging station reduces the load; P FC Is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile.

6. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the specific process includes the following steps: S91, calculating the charging time limit of the electric vehicle user who is charging and the electric vehicle user who plans to charge; The charging time limit for electric vehicle users is: In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the maximum charging time of electric vehicle i being charged; is a constant, which indicates the minimum charging time of the electric vehicle i being charged; ρ is a constant, which indicates the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the charging efficiency of the charging piles of the charging station is set to be consistent; Δt is the time interval; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle i when it leaves the charging station; P SC is a constant, indicating the slow charging power of the charging pile; S i,t Indicates the charging time of the electric vehicle i being charged; The charging time limit for electric vehicle users who plan to charge is: In the above formula, is a constant, which indicates the minimum charging time of electric vehicle j that is planned to be charged; is a constant, indicating the maximum charging time of the electric vehicle j planned to be charged; P FC is a constant, indicating the fast charging power of the charging pile; is a constant, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, indicating the remaining power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station; S92: Determine whether the user of the electric vehicle that is charging can complete the charging before leaving. If so, the user can sell the electricity right for the current period t. The electric vehicle i that sells the electricity right must meet the following constraints: In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station; S93. Determine whether the electric vehicle user who plans to charge can complete charging before leaving. If not, the user needs to purchase the electricity usage right for the current period t. The electric vehicle j that purchases the electricity usage right needs to meet the following constraints: In the above formula, is a constant, which indicates the minimum charging time of electric vehicle j that is planned to be charged; is a constant, which indicates the maximum charging time of electric vehicle j that is planned to be charged.

7. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the specific process includes the following steps: S101. Develop an electric vehicle charging plan for purchasing electricity rights, specifically: During the charging period t, the charging power is the fast charging power. At this time, the remaining power of the electric vehicle when it arrives at the charging station is changed to: In the above formula, is a constant, indicating the battery power of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; P FC is a constant, which indicates the fast charging power of the charging pile; ρ is a constant, which indicates the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the charging efficiency of the charging piles at the charging station is set to be consistent; x i,j is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells electricity rights to electric vehicle j. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; Δt is a constant, indicating the time interval; S102. Electric vehicles that sell electricity rights adjust their subsequent charging plans.

8. The electric vehicle demand response real-time control method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step S102, adjusting the subsequent charging plan includes the following steps: S1021. Construct a cost model after adjusting the subsequent charging plan of the electric vehicle, which is: In the above formula, is a variable, which represents the actual cost of electric vehicle i after selling electricity rights and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the electricity cost of electric vehicle i before it sells the electricity right and adjusts the charging plan; is a constant, which represents the charge generated by electric vehicle i when it stops at the charging station before selling the electricity right and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the electricity cost after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right and adjusts the charging plan; is a variable, which represents the charge generated by electric vehicle i when it parks at a charging station after selling the electricity right and adjusting the charging plan; is a variable, which indicates the subsidy obtained by electric vehicle i for purchasing electricity rights; in, In the above formula, τ is an auxiliary variable; x i,j is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells electricity rights to electric vehicle j. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0; is a constant, representing the unit subsidy for electric vehicle j to purchase electricity rights; q REMA is a constant, representing the unit charge for electric vehicles to park and charge at charging stations; and In the definition of i,τ With o i,τ Take values ​​separately and in, They represent the electric vehicle i in the time period and the charging state at t-1; and In the definition of i,τ With o i,τ are variables to be solved; represents the time when electric vehicle i arrives at the charging station; It refers to the electricity price issued by electric vehicle load aggregators to electric vehicle users after considering the costs of charging pile operation and maintenance; S1022, according to cost The objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator and the electric vehicle constraints are constructed as: In the above formula, C is the total cost of electric vehicle users who are charging after the charging plan is adjusted; The electric vehicle constraints are: In the above formula, J BUY Indicates that the user who purchases the electricity right of electric vehicle j satisfies the constraint A collection of; S1023. Taking the objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator as the optimization target, solve the electricity cost under the electric vehicle constraint condition and charges The variable P in i,τ With o i,τ Get the optimal solution, where the variable P i,τ The optimal solution is: Variable o i,τ The optimal solution is: S1024, according to variable P i,τ With o i,τ The optimal solution update set and in: In the above formula, represents the charging power of electric vehicle i at t+1 after selling the electricity right in time period t; It means that after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right for time period t, it leaves the charging station Charging power at represents the charging status of electric vehicle i at t+1 after selling the electricity right in period t; It means that after electric vehicle i sells the electricity right for time period t, it leaves the charging station The charging status at that time.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: It stores computer executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, can implement the electric vehicle demand response real-time control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the electric vehicle demand response real-time control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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