Milk meter

Abstract

Various embodiments provide a milk meter (100) for measuring milk flow in a milking machine. In one embodiment, the milk meter includes a plurality of conduits (140a, 140b) forming a plurality of flow paths through the milk meter. In addition, the milk meter includes a plurality of flow sensors (142) located within the plurality of flow paths. Each flow sensor is operable to measure a flow rate of fluid flowing through a respective flow path. Other types of milk meters are provided in other embodiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a meter for measuring the flow of a fluid and in particular, but not exclusively, to a milk meter for measuring the flow of milk in a milking machine or milking apparatus. Background Art

[0002] The topic of precision agriculture has gained increasing importance in recent years. This is at least in part due to the desire to support reduced environmental impact and to optimize farm economic KPIs. To this end, timely and continuous collection of more data on the milk production of animals on dairy farms is desirable, as it would enable farm managers to achieve effective management of their dairy herds.

[0003] For example, this data can help farm managers: - Identify potential problems such as stress or illness in the animal, including inflammation of the udder (which may lead to mastitis) or general animal discomfort; -Evaluate the milker's preparation for the animals; - Improve the milking process and avoid over- or under-milking; - Sorting animals according to milk production, grouping animals with similar milk production characteristics (e.g. milk production rate) to improve milking efficiency; - Optimize food and resource supply to animals by allocating food and resources based on current or expected milk production, avoiding overfeeding (causing animals to become overweight) or underfeeding (causing poor health or reduced milk production).

[0004] One way to collect this data is to use a milk meter. Known types of milk meters include "free flow" milk meters and "fill and dump" or "dual chamber" milk meters. Such milk meters are typically mounted on the milk pipe of a milking machine, between the milking cup cluster (which is connected to the animal's teats) and the container in which the milk is collected. The milking machine works by applying suction or vacuum to the animal's teats, which then draws the milk through the milk meter along the milk pipe. In a typical milking parlor, each milking stall is typically equipped with a milk meter so that the milking of each animal can be monitored.

[0005] It would be desirable to provide a milk meter that improves upon known arrangements to better meet the requirements of precision farming.

[0006] The present invention is designed based on the above considerations. Summary of the invention

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a milk meter comprising: a plurality of conduits forming a plurality of flow paths through the milk meter; and a plurality of flow sensors located within the plurality of flow paths, each flow sensor being operable to measure a flow rate of a fluid flowing through a respective flow path.

[0008] Providing a milk meter configured in this way can improve the measurement of fluid flow rate by the milk meter. For example, providing multiple flow paths can provide redundancy in the event that the flow paths are restricted or blocked. In addition, providing a sensor in each respective flow path can improve the measurement resolution of the milk meter. This is because, in a milk meter having multiple flow paths, only a portion of the fluid needs to pass through any one of the flow paths. Therefore, the sensors operable to measure the flow rate of the fluid passing through the respective flow paths can be arranged to apply their entire measurement range to only a portion of the total flow, thereby enabling a more accurate measurement of the total flow rate.

[0009] A flow path may be defined or considered as a continuous route for a fluid to flow between the inlet of a milk meter and the outlet of the milk meter. A flow path may include one or more ducts and may pass through a junction where one or more ducts split or merge. Multiple flow paths may result in a larger total cross-section of the channels or ducts forming the flow paths, even if each individual cross-section is smaller, which may reduce the effect of the milk meter on the vacuum stability of the connected milking machine.

[0010] Optionally, the milk meter may be configured to use measured flow rates from a plurality of flow sensors to determine a measured total flow rate of fluid flowing through the milk meter. The milk meter may determine the measured total flow rate by summing the measured flow rates from the plurality of flow sensors. The milk meter may determine the measured total flow rate by averaging the measured flow rates from the plurality of flow sensors. The flow rates from the different sensors may be weighted, for example, according to the proportion of flow expected to pass through a particular flow path (for example, if the flow paths have different sizes or cross-sections).

[0011] Combining data from multiple sensors in this way can further improve the overall measurement resolution of the milk meter.

[0012] The determination of the measured total flow rate may be accomplished by a computing device (eg, a microcontroller) built into the milk meter.

[0013] Additionally or alternatively, the milk meter may provide data to an external computing device for calculation or processing of the data. For example, the milk meter may transmit data to the external computing device intermittently or continuously / in real time via a wired or wireless communication channel. Additionally or alternatively, the milk meter may include (or be connectable to) a storage device that can be used to transmit data from the milk meter to the external computing device.

[0014] The external computing device may be a dedicated computing device for processing data from one or more milk meters, or a dedicated computing device for controlling one or more milking machines and processing data from one or more milk meters. The external device may be a general computing device (such as a smartphone, tablet or laptop), and the data processing may be implemented by software.

[0015] Data processing can be divided into the calculation device built into the milk meter and the external calculation device. For example, the built-in calculation device can organize and / or smooth the data before providing it to the external calculation device for further processing.

[0016] The data provided by the milk meter's built-in computing device or an external computing device based on the milk meter data may include fluid flow rate (e.g., instantaneous fluid flow rate) and / or the mass, weight, or volume of the fluid produced. For example, the milk meter's built-in computing device or an external computing device may integrate the fluid flow rate over time to determine the volume of the fluid produced. This may be converted to the mass or weight of the fluid produced via a density value.

[0017] Alternatively, the milk meter may include an inlet for receiving fluid, and the plurality of conduits may diverge from the inlet and extend downstream from the inlet. Alternatively, the milk meter may include an outlet for releasing fluid from the milk meter, and the plurality of conduits may merge upstream of the outlet.

[0018] Providing a milk meter with a single inlet and / or a single outlet, wherein the pipes divide and / or merge within the milk meter, may make the milk meter easier to integrate with a milking system, since the milk meter may be integrated into the milk pipe of a milking machine without the need for additional connecting pipes or other components.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a milk meter, comprising: an inlet for receiving a fluid, the inlet having a first cross-section; a chamber located downstream of the inlet, for receiving the fluid from the inlet, the chamber having a second cross-section larger than the first cross-section; one or more pipes extending downstream from the chamber, the pipes having a combined cross-section between the first cross-section and the second cross-section. The first cross-section, the second cross-section and the combined cross-section are selected so that the milk meter is operable to generate a laminar flow of the fluid in a laminar flow region in each of the one or more pipes. The milk meter also includes a flow sensor, which is operable to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the milk meter.

[0020] Stratified flow is a flow regime in which a fluid flows in different layers within a nearly horizontal pipe or container. In the context of the present invention, stratified flow refers to a flow regime in which a liquid (e.g., milk) and air flow in different layers within a stratified flow region of a pipe. Stratified flow is produced by the fluid continuously expanding and contracting as it flows through the various stages of a milk meter. The chamber has a larger cross-section than the inlet, allowing the fluid to expand as it enters the chamber. This slows the flow rate of the fluid to reduce turbulence. One or more pipes have a smaller combined cross-section than the chamber, thereby compressing the fluid and reducing the formation of foam. Therefore, the combination of these two transitions slows down and stabilizes the flow rate of the fluid (e.g., milk) flowing through the milk meter, providing favorable conditions for the generation of stratified flow. As the fluid moves down the pipe, the liquid and gas can separate or stratify to provide a stratified flow regime in the stratified flow region of the pipe.

[0021] Producing a stratified flow regime within a milk meter provides a number of technical advantages to the milk meter. The stratified flow regime may provide a lower vacuum drop throughout the device (where the milk meter adversely affects the vacuum or suction level of the mounting system in which it is located) and improve vacuum stability by reducing turbulence and / or the presence of foam within the milk meter. In addition, it may provide a more stable flow of liquid over or through the milk meter's sensor and improve contact between the fluid and the sensor, thereby providing more accurate measurements. For example, there is no need to narrow the channel in the sensor area to ensure reliable contact between the fluid and the sensor. The effectiveness and practicality of the milk meter is thus improved.

[0022] The chamber may be connected to the inlet of the milk meter, and one or more pipes may be connected to the chamber of the milk meter. When there is a single pipe, the pipe may be directly connected to the outlet of the milk meter. When there are multiple pipes, the pipes may be directly connected to the outlet of the milk meter, or may rejoin in a chamber (e.g., a second chamber) connected to the outlet of the milk meter.

[0023] Optionally, the milk meter may include a flow sensor located within each of the one or more conduits, each flow sensor operable to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the respective conduit. Additionally, the milk meter may include a flow sensor located within a laminar flow region of each of the one or more conduits.

[0024] For the reasons stated above, providing a flow sensor in each of the one or more pipes enables the total flow rate to be measured with a higher resolution. By providing a flow sensor in a stratified flow region of each of the one or more pipes, the fluid can be measured in a region of stable flow, thereby further improving the measurement accuracy.

[0025] Alternatively, the milk meter may include a plurality of conduits extending downstream from the cavity, and a cross-section of at least one conduit may be smaller than the first cross-section.

[0026] This configuration is conducive to the generation of a stratified flow regime within the milk meter. In addition, when there are multiple conduits, the milk meter further achieves the advantages discussed above for the first aspect.

[0027] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a milk meter comprising: a flow sensor operable to measure a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the milk meter; and a conduit for conveying the fluid through the milk meter downstream of the flow sensor. The conduit has a descending slope or step to reduce backflow of the fluid through the sensor.

[0028] Pressure changes within the milking system can result in changes in flow rate and / or back pressure waves, which in some cases can cause milk to flow backward or back through the milk meter. This backflow can cause fluctuations in the flow through the sensor, resulting in measurement errors. Therefore, by reducing this backflow through the use of a step or ramp, the reverse propagation of fluid along the pipe can be reduced or prevented, thereby improving measurement consistency.

[0029] Optionally, the pipeline includes a first portion and a second portion located downstream of the first portion. A flow sensor may be positioned in the first portion of the pipeline, the flow sensor being operable to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipeline. The first portion of the pipeline may form a first descending gradient (e.g., to facilitate the flow of fluid through the milk meter and / or to facilitate the drainage of the milk meter after use), and the second portion of the pipeline may form a second descending gradient, the second descending gradient being steeper than the first descending gradient to form a descending step or slope of the pipeline. In this context, a steeper descending gradient is defined as a gradient having a larger angle below the horizontal axis. That is, the first portion may be physically arranged to extend with a first descending gradient, and a flow path for conveying fluid with the first descending gradient is defined in this way. Similarly, the second portion may be physically arranged to extend with a second descending gradient, and a flow path for conveying fluid with the second descending gradient is defined in this way.

[0030] The conduit may also include a third portion downstream of the second portion, and the third portion has a third descending gradient that is shallower than the second descending gradient (e.g., substantially equal to the first descending gradient). In this context, a shallower descending gradient is defined as a gradient that is at a smaller angle below the horizontal axis. In this way, an overall consistent gradient can be provided within the milk meter while still obtaining the benefits of a descending step or ramp.

[0031] Optionally, the milk meter is configured to be used or operated in a particular orientation such that the conduit is angled to have a particular first and second gradient of descent. The milk meter may include or be used with a mounting bracket by which the milk meter may be mounted to an external surface and tilted to have a set gradient. The bracket may be detachable from the milk meter such that the milk meter may be removed from the mounting while leaving the bracket in place. The bracket may hold the milk meter at a fixed angle, and / or may be adjustable so that the milk meter can be oriented as desired (e.g., the angle may be adjusted by an adjustment mechanism of the bracket). In either case, the bracket may allow the milk meter to be removed and re-mounted without resetting the angle (in other words, the bracket may hold the milk meter at a fixed angle relative to itself).

[0032] Optionally, the first descending gradient is 5° to 25° or 5° to 25° below the horizontal, preferably 10° to 20°, more preferably 15°. A gradient within this range ensures optimal operation of the milk meter. A shallower gradient may cause milk or liquid to accumulate in the device and not be fully discharged, especially when the vacuum is reduced or removed. A steeper gradient may cause the milk or liquid to flow through the milk meter too quickly and unevenly (e.g. in a turbulent manner). The second gradient may be steeper than the first gradient by more than 5°, preferably steeper than the first gradient by more than 10°, more preferably steeper than the first gradient by more than 20°, or steeper than the first gradient by more than 30°.

[0033] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a milk meter comprising: a pipe for conveying a fluid through the milk meter; a conductivity sensor arranged to measure the conductivity of the fluid; and a flow sensor located within the pipe and arranged to measure the resistance between two points along the pipe to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipe. The milk meter is configured to calibrate the measured flow rate from the flow sensor based on the measured conductivity. As with the first aspect, the function may be performed by a built-in computing device, an external computing device, or a combination of the built-in computing device and the external computing device.

[0034] Calibration may be continuous or may involve intermittent sampling of the fluid conductivity and subsequent calibration of the measured flow rate. For example, an algorithm may be employed that is capable of calculating a correction factor for the measured flow rate based on the measured conductivity.

[0035] The conductivity of milk can vary during milking and can also vary between different animals and between different animal species. Since the flow rate can be measured based on the electrical resistance of the milk, changes in the conductivity of the milk can cause a drift or offset in the measured flow rate. It is therefore advantageous to calibrate the flow rate by independently measuring the conductivity of the fluid (e.g., milk). This way the milk meter can correct for changes in the conductivity of the liquid, providing greater measurement accuracy.

[0036] The flow sensor may include a pair of electrodes to measure the resistance between two points along the pipe. As the depth of fluid in the pipe (corresponding to the volume of milk passing through the pipe) increases, the volume of fluid over which the resistance is measured also increases, so the measured resistance decreases. As the depth of fluid in the pipe decreases, the volume of fluid over which the resistance is measured decreases, so the measured resistance increases. Thus, the flow rate may be determined from the measured resistance.

[0037] The conductivity sensor may comprise a pair of electrodes and may determine the conductivity of the fluid by measuring the resistance between the two electrodes. The electrodes may be arranged in a region of reduced or zero flow (e.g. a stagnant region) of the milk meter and may be arranged to measure the resistance of a substantially fixed or static volume of fluid. This may therefore provide a conductivity reading that is independent of flow rate.

[0038] The milk meter may further comprise a pressure sensor to measure the air pressure within the milk meter.The milk meter may be configured to calibrate the measured flow rate from the flow sensor based on the measured conductivity and the measured air pressure.

[0039] Variations in the air pressure measured in the milk meter may indicate that excessive air has been drawn into the milking system (e.g. due to the milk liner sliding over or off the animal's teat). This may affect the measured conductivity or flow rate, for example by introducing excessive foam into the milk meter. Therefore, a milk meter containing a pressure sensor may be configured to correct for such deviations. For example, an algorithm may be employed that is able to calculate a correction factor for the measured flow rate based on the measured air pressure and the measured conductivity.

[0040] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a milk meter comprising: a conduit for conveying fluid through the milk meter; a flow sensor operable to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the milk meter; and a pressure sensor for measuring the air pressure within the milk meter.

[0041] Equipping a milk meter with a pressure sensor can detect and correct the operation of the milking system (for example, if one or more milk liners have slipped off the animal's teats). It can also optimize the suction pressure within the system by monitoring the pressure or vacuum level, thereby improving animal comfort.

[0042] Optionally, a pressure sensor may be arranged to measure the air pressure within the duct.

[0043] This allows for a simple and direct measurement of the air pressure in the milk meter and its pipework.

[0044] Alternatively, the pressure sensor may be arranged to measure the air pressure in a chamber fluidly connected to the conduit, the chamber being isolated from the conduit by a shield. The shield may be configured to allow air to pass between the chamber and the conduit to equalize the air pressure between the conduit and the chamber, but to reduce or prevent milk vapor, foam or splashed milk from entering the chamber from the conduit.

[0045] For example, the shield may include one or more baffles that partially block the passage between the duct and the chamber, thereby forming a tortuous path through which air can pass, but restricts the passage of liquid, foam or steam droplets. Alternatively, the shield may include a semi-permeable membrane, i.e., a porous membrane that allows air to pass but restricts the passage of liquid, foam or steam droplets.

[0046] The latter arrangement can reduce or prevent milk steam, foam or splashed milk from entering the pressure sensor. This is more preferred because otherwise it may cause inaccurate readings of the milk meter and / or damage the sensor.

[0047] The milk meter according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention may include the following features.

[0048] The milk meter may comprise a V-shaped region within the one or more conduits, wherein the V-shaped region has a base with a V-shaped cross-section.

[0049] The V-shaped area at the bottom of the pipe improves measurements, especially at lower flow levels, because the narrower pipe at the bottom will result in a non-linear increase in fluid depth for a specific fluid volume. In other words, the narrower section at the bottom of the pipe means that low flow rates will result in a greater fluid depth than would otherwise be the case. The increased depth allows for better measurement of low fluid flow rates.

[0050] Optionally, the milk meter may further comprise a transition region arranged upstream of the V-shaped region, wherein a bottom portion of the transition region transitions (eg gradually transitions) from, for example, a circular cross section to a V-shaped cross section along the length of the transition region.

[0051] Optionally, the milk meter may further comprise a transition region arranged downstream of the V-shaped region, wherein a bottom portion of the transition region transitions (eg gradually transitions) from the V-shaped cross section to, eg, a non-V-shaped or circular cross section along the length of the transition region.

[0052] Providing a milk meter with a gradually transitioning conduit shape may be advantageous because it does not introduce additional potential sources of turbulence within the milk meter. Thus, the gradually transition may provide a more consistent and even flow of liquid through the milk meter.

[0053] Optionally, the flow sensor of the milk meter may include a plurality of electrodes arranged in the V-shaped region of the pipe to measure the resistance between two points along the pipe. The electrodes may have a V-shaped cross section that matches the V-shaped cross section of the bottom portion of the V-shaped region.

[0054] An advantage of such electrodes is that they can further improve the measurement accuracy at low flow rates as described above.

[0055] Optionally, the milk meter may include a stagnation well to create a stagnant fluid area; and one or more sensors positioned to measure a property of the stagnant fluid within the stagnation well.

[0056] Stagnant wells create a semi-static flow area within the milk meter and continuously replace the stagnant fluid in the well. This semi-static flow condition improves the measurement of fluid in stagnant wells by preventing fluid from flowing past the sensor and interfering with the measurement.

[0057] The use of a stagnation well can create a semi-static condition within the milk meter without stopping or pausing the flow through the milk meter (thereby improving flow stability) and without requiring valves or moving mechanical parts (thereby reducing the complexity and size of the milk meter).

[0058] Alternatively, the stagnation well may comprise a depression formed in the bottom of the tube of the milk meter. For example, the depression may have a teardrop shape with a narrower upstream portion and a wider bulge towards the downstream end. Such a configuration may be suitable for producing semi-static flow in the stagnation well.

[0059] This provides a specific implementation of a stagnant well.

[0060] Optionally, the one or more sensors may include at least one of a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluid and a conductivity sensor for measuring the conductivity of the fluid.

[0061] These sensors may be particularly suitable for measurements in semi-static flow conditions. The measured conductivity and / or milk temperature can indicate various aspects of the animal's health, enabling monitoring.

[0062] Optionally, one or more sensors include a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the fluid, and the milk meter is configured to calibrate the measured flow rate based on the measured temperature. This functionality can be provided using a built-in computing device or an external computing device (or a combination thereof). For example, an algorithm can be used that is capable of calculating a correction factor for the measured flow rate based on the measured temperature. As with changes in conductivity, changes in temperature can also affect the measurement of flow rate. Therefore, measuring temperature in this way can improve the calibration of flow measurement, as discussed above for the third aspect of the invention.

[0063] Optionally, the one or more sensors may include a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluid and a conductivity sensor for measuring the conductivity of the fluid. The milk meter may be configured to calibrate the measured flow rate based on each of the measured temperature and the measured conductivity. This functionality may be provided using a built-in computing device or an external computing device (or a combination thereof). For example, an algorithm may be employed that is capable of calculating a correction factor for the measured flow rate based on a combination of the measured temperature and the measured conductivity.

[0064] This combination of measurements may further enhance the calibration or scaling of the flow rate according to the fluid or milk conditions or parameters.

[0065] Optionally, the milk meter may include a body and a cover or lid. The body may house various conduits, channels and chambers through which liquid flows through the milk meter. The cover may be mounted to an upper surface of the body to seal or close the conduits, channels and chambers. The cover may be removable for cleaning or maintenance of the milk meter.

[0066] The body may also house a flow sensor, a conductivity sensor, and a temperature sensor (if present). A pressure or vacuum sensor and / or an associated sensing chamber (if present) may be mounted on a lid or cover of the milk meter. The pressure or vacuum sensor and / or an associated sensing chamber (if present) may be housed within the body of the milk meter and may be connected to a conduit wall of the milk meter. A microcontroller for collecting and / or processing data from the sensors of the milk meter and / or an interface for connecting the milk meter to an external computing device may be located within the body of the milk meter. The interconnection between the sensor and the microcontroller or interface may also be located within the body of the milk meter.

[0067] Optionally, the inlet and / or outlet of the milk meter may form or may be connected to a connector (e.g., a milk tube connector) for connecting the milk meter to a milk tube. In this way, the milk meter may be integrated into a milking system or a milking machine.

[0068] Optionally, the milk meter may include one or more partitions, wherein the partition is a wall forming a partition between two channels. Thus, the partition may be located at the upstream end of a pair of channels and may separate the channels from each other. Thus, this type of partition may guide fluid into the channels and may contribute to the fluid dynamics of the fluid entering the channels. The partition may additionally or alternatively be located at the downstream end of a pair of channels and the channels may be recombined by the partition. Thus, the partition may guide fluid flowing out of the channels to form a combined flow and may contribute to the fluid dynamics of the fluid leaving the channels. For example, the one or more partitions may act to smooth the flow of fluid flowing into and / or out of the channels to reduce or avoid turbulence within the milk meter.

[0069] The present invention includes any combination of the above-mentioned aspects and preferred features, unless such a combination is clearly not permitted or should be explicitly avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] Embodiments and experiments illustrating the principles of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0071] Figure 1 A top view of a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0072] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 A side view of a milk meter in FIG.

[0073] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 Details of the downstream portion of the milk meter;

[0074] Figure 4 Shows Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the milk meter and the gradient of the channel;

[0075] Figure 5 Shows a housing and a mounting bracket of a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary symmetrical arrangement of multiple conduits of a milk meter according to various embodiments;

[0077] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary asymmetric arrangement of multiple conduits of a milk meter according to various embodiments;

[0078] Figure 8 A cross section of a channel is shown, showing Figure 1 The V-shaped area at the bottom of the milk meter channel;

[0079] Fig. 9 Shown with Figure 1 V-shaped measuring electrode used with milk meter;

[0080] Figure 10 shows the two-phase flow regime;

[0081] Fig.11 A schematic diagram showing the flow area in a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] FIG12 shows an arrangement of a vacuum or pressure sensor in a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Fig.13 An exemplary computing device for use with a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0084] Fig.14 A calibration algorithm of a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0085] Fig.15 A milking machine is shown for use with a milk meter according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0086] Fig.16 A milking parlour comprising a milk meter according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] Various aspects and embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference.

[0088] Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A milk meter 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The milk meter 100 comprises an inlet pipe connection 110 for connection to an outflow pipe of a milking cup cluster, and an outlet pipe 120 for connection to a milk collecting container of a milking machine or milking system. Milk flows from the inlet 110 through a chamber 130 and a plurality of channels 140a, 140b to the outlet 120. The channels 140a, 140b separate from the chamber 130 at an upstream partition 132 and rejoin at a downstream partition 122 or upstream of the outlet 120.

[0089] The channels 140a, 140b include flow sensors to measure the flow rate of a fluid (e.g., milk) flowing through the respective channels 140a, 140b. The flow sensors include electrodes 142 that can be used to measure the current through the channels 140a, 140b or the fluid resistance along the channels 140a, 140b, thereby being able to determine the instantaneous volume (and flow rate) of the fluid in the channels 140a, 140b.

[0090] The channels 140a, 140b also include additional sensors, which include a temperature sensor 144a and a conductivity sensor 144b. The temperature sensor 144a is used to measure the temperature of the fluid in the channels 140a, 140b. The conductivity sensor 144b includes two probes that are spaced a certain distance apart and arranged to be completely immersed in the fluid flowing through the channels 140a, 140b to measure the conductivity of the fluid. The milk meter may also include other types of sensors as needed.

[0091] The temperature sensor 144a and the conductivity sensor 144b are arranged in a stagnation well 146. The stagnation well 146 is a portion of the channel 140a, 140b in which the bottom of the channel includes a depression. The geometry of the stagnation well 146 and the arrangement within the bottom or base of the channel 140a, 140b means that the main fluid flow through the channel 140a, 140b flows above the well, while a portion of the fluid is slowed by the well 146 to create a semi-static fluid region that is constantly replaced by the main flow. Therefore, the stagnation well 146 provides stable conditions for measuring parameters such as temperature and conductivity of the fluid. Figure 3 The downstream portion of the channels 140a, 140b including the stagnation well 146 is shown.

[0092] In use, the milk meter 100 is configured so that the channels 140a, 140b have a descending gradient. This descending gradient enables the milk meter 100 to be emptied of fluid once the suction of the milking machine or milking system stops. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of this feature is provided.

[0093] from Figure 4 It can also be seen that the downstream end of the channels 140a, 140b or a portion of the outlet 120 forms a descending slope or step 124, which has a greater or steeper descending gradient relative to the upstream portion of the channels 140a, 140b. The descending slope or step 124 can reduce the backflow of the fluid flowing into and through the milk meter 100 when the fluid flow in or through the milk meter 100 is unstable.

[0094] The operating angle of the milk meter 100 can be set by providing a mounting bracket 180, by which the milk meter 100 can be mounted to an external surface and angled to have a set gradient. Figure 5 shown. Figure 5 The structure of the milk meter 100 is further shown, including a cover 160 and a body 162. The cover 160 of the milk meter 100 may be detachable to facilitate maintenance or cleaning of the milk meter 100.

[0095] By providing a plurality of channels 140a, 140b, each of which is provided with a corresponding flow sensor, the total flow rate of the fluid flowing through the milk meter 100 can be measured more accurately and with higher resolution. This can be understood through the following counter-example.

[0096] A milk meter with a single pipe structure can measure the flow rate through this pipe in the range of 0 l / min to MAX l / min, where MAX is the maximum measurable flow rate. This measurement range can be divided into a certain number of levels depending on the resolution of the flow sensor. At the same time, a milk meter with N pipes can measure the flow rate between 0 l / min and MAX / N l / min for each pipe (assuming that the flow rate is the same for all pipes). Therefore, assuming that the sensors have the same resolution (i.e. the same number of levels in the measurement range), the absolute value of the number of levels (in l / min) will decrease, while the measurement resolution will increase.

[0097] 6 and 7 illustrate exemplary arrangements of multiple channels within a milk meter.

[0098] A milk meter 100 having multiple conduits or channels 140a, 140b can calculate or determine a total fluid flow rate based on the combined measurements of the flow sensors in each channel 140a, 140b. The calculation can be performed by the built-in computing device 3000, an external computing device 3000, or a combination thereof, as discussed further below.

[0099] Figure 8 A cross-sectional image of the milk meter 100 is shown showing the presence of V-shaped regions in the channels 140a, 140b. Figure 8 It is also shown that the upper wall of the channels 140a, 140b is formed by the cover 160. The V-shaped region has a bottom with a V-shaped cross-section. The electrode 142 of the flow meter is arranged in the V-shaped region. Fig. 9 As shown, the electrode also has a V-shape corresponding to the bottom of the channels 140a, 140b.

[0100] The purpose of this V-shaped area is to improve the measurement resolution at low flow rates. This is because the V-shaped area improves the contact level between the electrode and the fluid, especially the change in the contact level between the electrode and the fluid at low flow rates. In other words, the contact level does not increase linearly with the flow of the fluid over the entire range of measured values, but for a sub-range of lower flow rates, the contact level increases more rapidly.

[0101] The channels 140a, 140b include a transition region upstream of the V-shaped region that provides a smooth and continuous transition from the bottom shape of the chamber 130 to the V-shaped bottom. A smooth transition in this manner means that the channel 140a does not have any additional obstacles that interrupt or turbulent the fluid flow through the channels 140a, 140b.

[0102] The fluid in the channel of the milking machine is usually two-phase (i.e., a mixture of gas 1000 - light shaded and liquid 1100 - dark shaded). Figure 10 shows different flow regimes of two-phase flow, where a mixture of small bubbles flowing in a liquid is shown ( Fig. 10A ), gas and liquid separated but unstable wavy flow ( Fig. 10B ), bubble size in the mixture plug flow of liquid ( Fig. 10C ), the throttle flow of large bubbles in the liquid ( Fig. 10D ), gas and liquid flow separation and stable stratified flow ( Fig. 10E ), and annular flow where the gas flows in the center of the channel and the liquid flows as a thin film on the channel wall ( Fig.10F ).

[0103] Among these flow regimes, stratified flow ( Fig. 10E ) provides stable conditions for the measurement of fluid flow rate and fluid properties within the milk meter. The milk meter 100 is operable to produce stratified flow of the fluid within the stratified flow region in each of the one or more conduits to provide this enhanced measurement stability (and therefore accuracy). This improvement applies to both flow rate measurements (via electrodes 142) and fluid property measurements (temperature, conductivity) via additional sensors 144a, 144b.

[0104] Fig.11 1 shows a schematic diagram of a milk meter 100 and an arrangement of an inlet 110, a chamber 130 and a channel 140 that can produce a stratified flow within the milk meter 100. The production of stratified flow may also depend on the orientation of the milk meter 100 in use, wherein a shallow gradient is preferably used to slow down the velocity of the fluid as it flows through the milk meter 100 (see Figure 2 and Figure 4 ) to enhance flow stratification through flow path geometry. The regions and transitions therebetween are preferably smooth (i.e., there are no abrupt changes in the direction of the channel walls) to reduce turbulence generation within the milk meter 100. The regions labeled below are interconnected in a harmonious manner so that the fluid does not encounter abrupt geometric changes as it flows through them. The transitions between one region and the subsequent region are merely illustrative, not clearly defined boundaries, and some of the regions may overlap each other.

[0105] Fluid enters the milk meter 100 through the inlet 110 and enters the chamber 130. The chamber 130 forms a first fluid flow region 2000 of the milk meter 100. The chamber 130 has a larger cross-sectional area than the inlet 110. This slows down and expands the fluid entering the chamber 130, thereby reducing turbulence in the flow. In addition, the chamber 130 provides an air pocket that can attenuate changes in milk flow rate caused by changes in suction or vacuum provided by a milking system used with the milk meter 100.

[0106] The downstream end of the chamber 130 includes one or more partitions 132 that divide the fluid into channels 140a, 140b. The total cross-section of the channels 140a, 140b (i.e., the sum of the cross-sections of each channel 140a, 140b) is greater than the cross-section of the inlet 110, but less than the cross-section of the chamber 130 (i.e., between these two values). The inlet portions of the channels 140a, 140b form a second flow region 2100 of the milk meter 100. When the fluid leaves the chamber 130, the total cross-section of the channels 140a, 140b is less than the cross-section of the chamber 130, which compresses the fluid, thereby reducing the presence or generation of foam within the fluid. The greater total cross-section of the channels 140a, 140b than the cross-section of the inlet 110 can reduce the overall restriction of fluid flow that may be caused by the milk meter 100. When the fluid passes through the second flow region 2100, the fluid settles on the bottom surface of the channels 140a, 140b, thereby flowing in a laminar flow manner. The second flow region 2100 of the channels 140a, 140b has a sufficient length to allow the fluid to be stratified within this flow region. Therefore, the fluid entering the third flow region 2200 is stratified (flowing in a stratified flow state), and when the fluid recombines and flows to the outlet 120 of the milk meter 100, the fluid remains stratified when passing through the fourth flow region 2300. The flow sensor 142 and the additional sensors 144a, 144b are located in the third flow region or the fourth flow region to be positioned in the stable flow portion. The stagnation well 146 and the descending step or ramp 124 can also be located in the third flow region 2200 or the fourth flow region 2300.

[0107] The channels 140a, 140b rejoin in a fourth flow region 2300 at the downstream bulkhead 122. The downstream bulkhead 122 may act as a baffle to direct fluid from the channels 140a, 140b to the outlet without disrupting the flow, and may, together with the descending step or ramp 124, further reduce instabilities propagating upstream from the outlet 120 to the channels 140a, 140b.

[0108] Although described above with respect to a milk meter 100 having two channels, similar principles (ie, sequence of geometric configurations and appropriate selection of channel lengths) may be used to achieve stratified flow in milk meters having a single channel and / or milk meters having more than two channels.

[0109] The milk meter 100 also includes a vacuum sensor 170 or a pressure sensor. The function of the vacuum sensor is to measure and / or monitor the pressure within the milk meter 100. This can, for example, detect a slipping of the milking cluster (indicated by excess air or reduced vacuum in the milk meter) or excessive vacuum, thereby improving the comfort of the animal.

[0110] The vacuum sensor 170 may be located, for example, within the cover 160 or lid of the milk meter 100 and extend into the chamber 130 or channels 140a, 140b. The vacuum sensor 170 may be located within the body 162 of the milk meter 100 and may be connected to the walls of the channels 140a, 140b. Alternatively, a pressure sensing chamber 172 may be provided that is in fluid communication with the chamber 130 or channels 140a, 140b via a pressure sensing channel 174, and the vacuum sensor may be located within the pressure sensing chamber 172. The pressure sensing chamber 172 may be located within the cover 160 or within the body 162 of the milk meter. An advantage of the latter configuration is that the pressure sensor 170 may be isolated from fluid flowing through the milk meter 100 (which may otherwise affect the measurement or damage the vacuum sensor 170) by incorporating a shield (e.g., a barrier 176a, a baffle 176b, or a semi-permeable membrane 176c) within the pressure sensing channel 174, as shown in FIG. 12 . Other shielding arrangements may also be used to provide the same functionality.

[0111] Barrier 176a may be, for example, a wall that blocks or narrows channel 174 to reduce fluid flow to chamber 172. Shield 176b may be a plurality of walls (or baffles) arranged to form a tortuous path within channel 174 to reduce fluid entry into chamber 172. Semipermeable membrane 176c may be a porous membrane arranged to span channel 174 to reduce fluid entry into chamber 172.

[0112] The milk meter 100 may include a computing device 3000 and / or may be operable to communicate with an external computing device 3000. The computing device 3000 may, for example, process data from one or more flow sensors to calculate a combined flow rate. The computing device 3000 may also scale or calibrate the data from the sensors to account for device operating conditions. The computing device 3000 may process the data in real time, and / or may store the data for later processing. Built-in and external computing devices may operate in concert to provide processing or computing functionality.

[0113] The built-in computing device or the external computing device may be a microcontroller 190 having specific functions for controlling and / or collecting or processing data from one or more milk meters 100. For example, the PCB or microcontroller 190 may be included in the milk meter 100 (see, for example, Figure 2 ). The external computing device 3000 may be a general-purpose computing device that implements all or part of its functions through software. Fig.13 An exemplary computing device 3000 is shown.

[0114] The exemplary computing system 3000 includes a processor 3004 for executing software routines. Although a single processor is shown for clarity, the computing system 3000 may also include a multi-processor system. The processor 3004 is connected to a communication infrastructure 3006 for communication with other components of the computing system 3000. The communication infrastructure 3006 may include, for example, a communication bus, a crossbar switch, or a network.

[0115] The computing system 3000 also includes a main memory 3008 (e.g., random access memory, RAM) and a secondary memory 3010. The secondary memory 3010 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 3012 and / or a removable storage drive 3014, which may include a floppy disk drive, a tape drive, an optical disk drive, a solid-state memory, etc. The removable storage drive 3014 reads from and / or writes to a removable storage unit 3018 in a known manner. The removable storage unit 3018 may include a floppy disk, a tape, an optical disk, a removable solid-state memory (e.g., an SD card), etc., which is read and written by the removable storage drive 3014. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art, the removable storage unit 3018 includes a computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable program code instructions and / or data stored therein.

[0116] In alternative embodiments, the secondary memory 3010 may additionally or alternatively include other similar devices to allow computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computing system 3000. Such devices may include, for example, a removable storage unit 3022 and an interface 3020. Examples of removable storage units 3022 and interfaces 3020 include program cartridges and cartridge interfaces (such as those in video game console devices), removable memory chips (such as EPROMs or PROMs) and associated slots, and other removable storage units 3022 and interfaces 3020 that allow software and data to be transferred from a removable storage unit 3022 to the computing system 3000.

[0117] The computing system 3000 also includes at least one communication interface 3024. The communication interface 3024 allows software and data to be transmitted between the computing system 3000 and an external device via a communication path 3026. In various embodiments, the communication interface 3024 allows data to be transmitted between the computing system 3000 and a data communication network (e.g., a public data or private data communication network). The communication interface 3024 can be used to exchange data between a plurality of different computing systems 3000 that together form an interconnected computer network. Examples of the communication interface 3024 can include a modem, a network interface (e.g., an Ethernet card), a communication port, an antenna with associated circuits, and the like. The communication interface 3024 can be wired or wireless. The software and data transmitted by the communication interface 3024 are in the form of signals, which can be electronic signals, electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or other signals that can be received by the communication interface 3024. These signals are provided to the communication interface via the communication path 3026.

[0118] like Fig.13 As shown, computing system 3000 also includes a display interface 3002 that performs operations for rendering images to an associated display 3030 , and an audio interface 3032 that performs operations for playing audio content through associated speakers 3034 .

[0119] As used herein, the term "computer program product" may refer in part to a removable storage unit 3018, a removable storage unit 3022, a hard disk installed in the hard disk drive 3012, or a carrier wave carrying software through a communication path 3026 (wireless link or cable) to the communication interface 3024. Computer-readable media may include magnetic media, optical media or other recordable media, or media that transmit carrier waves or other signals. These computer program products are devices for providing software to the computing system 3000.

[0120] Computer programs (also referred to as computer program code) are stored in the main memory 3008 and / or the secondary memory 3010. The computer program may also be received via the communication interface 3024. Such a computer program, when executed, enables the computing system 3000 to perform one or more features of the embodiments discussed herein. In various embodiments, the computer program, when executed, enables the processor 3004 to perform the features of the above-described embodiments. Thus, such a computer program represents a controller of the computing system 3000.

[0121] The software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into the computing system 3000 using the removable storage drive 3014, the hard disk drive 3012, or the interface 3020. Alternatively, the computer program product may be downloaded to the computing system 3000 via the communication path 3026. When the processor 3004 executes the software, it causes the computing system 3000 to perform the functions of the embodiments described herein.

[0122] It should be understood that Fig.13 The embodiments of the present invention are presented by way of example only. Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more features of the computing system 3000 may be omitted. Furthermore, in some embodiments, one or more features of the computing system 3000 may be combined together. Additionally, in some embodiments, one or more features of the computing system 3000 may be separated into one or more components.

[0123] It should be understood that Fig.13 The elements shown in FIG. 1 serve to provide means for performing the various functions and operations of the milk meter 100 as described in the above-described embodiments.

[0124] The measurement of the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the milk meter 100 may be affected by parameters such as the conductivity and / or temperature of the fluid. For example, since the fluid flow rate can be measured based on the fluid resistance through the electrodes 142, changes in conductivity may affect the measurement. At the same time, changes in the temperature of the fluid may affect the density, further affecting the measurement. To address this issue, the built-in or external computing device 3000 can implement a scaling or calibration algorithm to adjust the measured flow rate based on input from additional sensors (such as the temperature sensor 144a or the conductivity sensor 144b). The implementation algorithm can thus adjust or correct for changes in the operating conditions of the milk meter 100 and the characteristics of the measured fluid to provide higher measurement accuracy. Fig.14 An exemplary flow chart of a scaling or calibration algorithm is shown.

[0125] Fig.14 The process shown in is composed of two related sequences. The first sequence S100 sets and updates the scaling factor. The second sequence S200 determines the flow rate based on the scaling factor output by the first sequence S100. The flow rate can be further converted to production volume by integrating the flow rate over time, which can be converted to production weight or mass by multiplying the volume by the specific density of the fluid.

[0126] In a first sequence S100, the computing device first sets or retrieves a default or initial value of the scaling factor from a memory (S101). This step may be performed only when the milk meter 100 is used for the first time, or may be performed each time the milk meter 100 is used (e.g., each time milking occurs). Next, the computing device receives outputs from sensors, which may include a temperature sensor 144a or a conductivity sensor 144b (S102). Next, it is determined whether the value of the sensor has changed by more than a threshold amount, thereby requiring an update of the scaling factor (S103). If a change is required, the computing device proceeds to S104 and updates the scaling factor. If a change is not required, the computing device proceeds directly to S105. At S105, the process ends and the scaling factor is output. The sequence S100 is repeated as needed, for example, at set time intervals.

[0127] In a second sequence S200, the computing device receives the output from the flow sensing electrode 142 (S201). The latest scaling factor is checked or retrieved (S202). The updated scaling factor may be checked for a set period of time, or the retrieved scaling factor may be automatically updated when the scaling factor changes as a result of the first sequence S100. The scaling factor is applied to the output of the flow sensing electrode 142 (S203), and the scaled flow rate for that measurement iteration is output (S204). Thus, the measured flow rate may be calibrated using the scaling factor to accommodate changes in fluid conditions within the milk meter 100.

[0128] The output of the vacuum sensor 170 may also be provided to a scaling or calibration algorithm and may further improve the accuracy of the flow sensor measurement by taking into account the pressure within the milk meter 100 .

[0129] One or more milk meters 100 according to the present invention may be used or installed in a milking machine or milking system, such as found in a milking parlor. Fig.15 An example arrangement of a milking machine 4000 for use with a milk meter 100 according to the invention is shown.

[0130] The milking machine includes a milking cup set 4100 for connecting to the teats of an animal, a suction pump 4200 for extracting milk from the animal, and a milk container 4300 for collecting milk from the animal. The various components are connected by a milk pipe 4400, and a milk meter 100 is arranged along the milk pipe 4400 to measure the flow rate through the milk pipe 4400. The milk meter 100 is connected to an external computing device 3000 via a communication path 3026. In other arrangements, the computing device can be integrated with the milk meter 100.

[0131] Fig.16An example arrangement of a milking parlour 5000 according to the invention is shown comprising a plurality of milking machines and a milk meter 100. In this case, the milk container 4300 may be shared by a plurality of milking machines 4000, rather than forming part of a single machine.

[0132] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, in the attached claims or in the drawings, appropriately expressed in their specific form or in the form of devices for performing the disclosed functions, or methods or processes for obtaining the disclosed results, may be used alone or in any combination of these features to realize various forms of the invention.

[0133] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with the above exemplary embodiments, many equivalent modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art when given the present disclosure. Therefore, the above exemplary embodiments of the present invention are considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Various changes may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0134] For the avoidance of any doubt, any theoretical explanations provided herein are intended to enhance the reader's understanding. The inventors do not wish to be bound by any of these theoretical explanations.

[0135] Any section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.

[0136] Throughout the specification (including the claims that follow), unless the context requires otherwise, the words "comprise" and "comprising" and variations such as "comprises", "comprising" and "including", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or groups of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or groups of integers or steps.

[0137] It must be noted that throughout the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from "about" one particular value, and / or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values ​​are expressed as approximations by using the antecedent "about," it is understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. The term "about" in relation to a numerical value is optional, for example to mean + / - 10%.

Claims

1. A milk meter for measuring milk flow in a milking machine, comprising: a plurality of conduits forming a plurality of flow paths through the milk meter; as well as A plurality of flow sensors are positioned within the plurality of flow paths, each flow sensor being operable to measure a flow rate of a fluid flowing through a respective flow path.

2. The milk meter of claim 1, wherein the milk meter is configured to use the measured flow rates from the plurality of flow sensors to determine a measured total flow rate of fluid flowing through the milk meter.

3. The milk meter according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the milk meter comprises an inlet for receiving a fluid, and wherein the plurality of conduits diverge from the inlet and extend downstream from the inlet.

4. A milk meter according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the milk meter comprises an outlet for releasing fluid from the milk meter, and wherein the plurality of conduits merge upstream of the outlet.

5. A milk meter for measuring milk flow in a milking machine, comprising: an inlet for receiving a fluid, the inlet having a first cross-section; a chamber located downstream of the inlet for receiving fluid from the inlet, the chamber having a second cross-section greater than the first cross-section; one or more conduits extending downstream from the chamber for receiving fluid from the chamber, the conduits having a combined cross-section between the first cross-section and the second cross-section; the first cross-section, the second cross-section, and the combined cross-section are selected such that the milk meter is operable to produce a laminar flow of fluid within a laminar flow region in each of the one or more conduits; as well as A flow sensor is operable to measure a flow rate of fluid flowing through the milk meter.

6. A milk meter according to claim 5, wherein the flow sensor or sensors are located in each of the one or more conduits, each flow sensor being operable to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the respective conduit.

7. A milk meter according to claim 6, wherein the flow sensor or sensors are located within a laminar flow region of the one or more conduits.

8. A milk meter according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the milk meter comprises a plurality of conduits extending downstream from the chamber, and wherein at least one conduit has a cross section smaller than the first cross section.

9. A milk meter for measuring milk flow in a milking machine, comprising: a flow sensor operable to measure a flow rate of fluid flowing through the milk meter, and a conduit for conveying fluid through the milk meter downstream of the flow sensor, The conduit may have a descending slope or step to reduce backflow of fluid through the sensor.

10. The milk meter according to claim 9, wherein the conduit comprises: a first portion and a second portion downstream of the first portion; as well as a flow sensor located within the first portion of the conduit, the flow sensor being operable to measure a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the conduit; Wherein, in use, the first portion of the conduit forms a first descending gradient, and the second portion of the conduit forms a second descending gradient, which is steeper than the first descending gradient to form the descending slope or step.

11. The milk meter according to claim 10, wherein the angle between the first descending gradient and the horizontal direction is 5° to 25°, preferably 10° to 20°, and more preferably 15°.

12. A milk meter for measuring milk flow in a milking machine, comprising: a conduit for conveying fluid through the milk meter; a conductivity sensor arranged to measure the conductivity of the fluid; a flow sensor located within the pipeline and arranged to measure the resistance between two points along the pipeline to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipeline, Wherein the milk meter is configured to calibrate a measured flow rate from the flow sensor based on the measured conductivity.

13. The milk meter of claim 12, wherein the flow sensor comprises a pair of electrodes to measure the resistance between two points along the conduit.

14. The milk meter according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising a pressure sensor to measure the air pressure within the milk meter, wherein the milk meter is configured to calibrate the measured flow rate from the flow sensor based on the measured conductivity and the measured air pressure.

15. A milk meter for measuring milk flow in a milking machine, comprising: a conduit for conveying fluid through the milk meter; a flow sensor operable to measure a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the milk meter; as well as A pressure sensor is used to measure the air pressure in the milk meter.

16. The milk meter according to claim 15, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged to measure the air pressure within the conduit.

17. The milk meter according to claim 15, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged to measure the air pressure in a chamber fluidly connected to the conduit, the chamber being isolated from the conduit by a shield.

18. A milk meter according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a V-shaped region within one or more conduits, wherein the V-shaped region has a base with a V-shaped cross-section.

19. The milk meter of claim 18, further comprising a transition region disposed upstream of the V-shaped region, wherein a bottom portion of the transition region transitions from a circular cross-section to a V-shaped cross-section along a length of the transition region.

20. The milk meter according to any one of claims 18 or 19, wherein: The flow sensor includes a plurality of electrodes arranged within a V-shaped region of the pipe to measure resistance between two points along the pipe; and The plurality of electrodes have a V-shaped cross section that is commensurate with the V-shaped cross section of a bottom portion of the V-shaped region.

21. A milk meter according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The milk meter includes a stagnation well to create a stagnant fluid zone; and one or more sensors positioned to measure a property of stagnant fluid within the stagnant well.

22. The milk meter of claim 21, wherein the stagnation well comprises a depression formed in the bottom of a conduit of the milk meter.

23. The milk meter according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the one or more sensors comprise at least one of a temperature sensor and a conductivity sensor.

24. The milk meter according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the fluid, and wherein the milk meter is configured to calibrate the measured flow rate based on the measured temperature.

25. The milk meter of claim 24, wherein the one or more sensors include a conductivity sensor to measure conductivity of the fluid, and wherein the milk meter is configured to calibrate the measured flow rate based on the measured temperature and the measured conductivity.

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