High-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method

Abstract

The present invention proposes a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method, which include an arc welding power supply, an arc welding gun, an alternating magnetic field control power supply, an excitation coil, a magnetic core, a pulsed laser, a laser head, a powder feeder, a powder feeding nozzle, surface metallized ceramic particles, a welding robot, etc.; the method is based on the regulation of pulsed laser, alternating magnetic field and surface metallized ceramic particles to achieve uniform distribution of ceramic particle powder in the weld and improve the welding strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy. The surface metallized ceramic particles are used to increase the interaction force generated by the alternating magnetic field and current on the ceramic particles. At the same time, a synergistic effect is formed between the alternating direction electromagnetic force generated by the alternating magnetic field and the impact force generated by the pulsed laser on the molten pool, thereby controlling the movement state of the ceramic particle powder in the molten pool, achieving uniform distribution of the ceramic particle powder in the weld, and ultimately achieving uniform weld structure and improving weld strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method. Background Art

[0002] High-strength aluminum alloys are those with a tensile strength greater than 480 MPa. Due to their low density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance, these alloys are widely used in rail transportation, aerospace, and military applications. These alloys often operate in high-stress, extreme environments such as rail train structures, aircraft fuselages, wings, and armored vehicle frames, placing even higher demands on the performance of their welded joints.

[0003] However, during the welding process of high-strength aluminum alloys, the high heat input leads to the loss of strengthening elements and the transformation of the microstructure, which triggers "weld joint softening." Furthermore, during the cooling process, severe element segregation at grain boundaries makes the weld joint highly susceptible to "hot cracking defects." Softening and cracking defects ultimately lead to a decrease in weld joint strength, making it difficult to meet engineering requirements. Therefore, the addition of rare earth elements and ceramic particles is often used to metallurgically control the weld to improve the service performance of high-strength aluminum alloy welded joints. Ceramic particles are widely used due to their high cost-effectiveness.

[0004] To achieve a uniform distribution of strengthening ceramic particle powder in the middle of the molten pool, Chinese patent CN111318805B proposes a laser welding method in which high-entropy alloy powder is applied to the butt joint of the base material to be welded. However, this method makes it difficult to accurately control the stress state and powder content of the powder during the welding process. Chinese patent CN118204598A proposes a wire-powder synchronous arc melting deposition method, which feeds the powder into the molten pool through wire-powder synchronous welding, improving the stability of the material during welding and the mechanical properties of the welded joint. However, this method is prone to a large amount of powder being distributed at the top of the weld due to its light weight, making it difficult to achieve a uniform powder distribution in the middle and lower parts of the weld. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application proposes a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method to solve the problem in the prior art that ceramic particle powder is difficult to be evenly distributed in the weld during welding.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, one aspect of the present application provides a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device, comprising:

[0007] An arc welding power source, an arc welding gun connected to the arc welding power source is mounted on the robotic arm of the welding robot, and the arc welding power source controls the arc welding gun to weld a base material, wherein the base material is a high-strength aluminum alloy;

[0008] An alternating magnetic field control power supply, an excitation coil connected to the alternating magnetic field control power supply wound on a magnetic core, the magnetic core assembled on the robotic arm of the welding robot, the alternating current generated by the alternating magnetic field control power supply acting on the excitation coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field direction of the alternating magnetic field being perpendicular to the welding direction;

[0009] A pulse laser, a laser head connected to the pulse laser can emit a pulse laser beam to act on the base material, and the laser head is assembled on the mechanical arm of the welding robot;

[0010] A powder feeder, a powder feeding nozzle connected to the powder feeder can add surface metallized ceramic particles to the weld of the base material, and the powder feeding nozzle is assembled on the mechanical arm of the welding robot;

[0011] When the welding robot moves according to the preset welding speed and welding trajectory, the arc welding gun, magnetic core, laser head and powder feeding nozzle move synchronously under the action of the robotic arm; the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is the same as the frequency of the pulsed laser, and through the synergistic effect between the surface metallized ceramic particles, the alternating magnetic field and the pulsed laser, the alternating magnetic field is adjusted to achieve the alternating magnetic field generating a first force on the ceramic particles during the pulsed laser light emitting stage, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulsed laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force.

[0012] Another aspect of the present application provides a high-strength aluminum alloy welding method based on the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Prepare a plating solution for ceramic particles and perform copper plating on the surface of the ceramic particles;

[0014] Step 2: Clean the base metal to be welded. The base metal is made of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0015] Step 3: Fix the cleaned base metal to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulsed laser beam and the base metal, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun and the base metal, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle and the base metal, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base metal to achieve stable coupling between the pulsed laser and the arc, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle can stably feed the ceramic particles into the molten pool;

[0016] Step 4. The power, laser duty cycle, and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser are set by a pulse laser, and the alternating magnetic field intensity and frequency are set by an alternating magnetic field control power supply so that the alternating magnetic field frequency is the same as the pulse laser frequency. At the same time, the alternating magnetic field is set so that when the pulse laser is in the light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a first force on the ceramic particles, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force; the welding arc process parameters are set by an arc welding power supply, the welding speed and welding trajectory are set by a welding robot, and the powder feeding speed is adjusted by a powder feeder;

[0017] Step 5: Turn on the arc welding power supply, pulse laser, powder feeder, and alternating magnetic field control power supply. After the alternating magnetic field stabilizes, perform welding according to the settings in step 4.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step 1, the ceramic particles are a mixture of one or more of TiC, TiB2, B4C, and ZrO2 with a particle size of 5 to 15 μm.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 1, the composition ratio of the plating solution is: 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium EDTA, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde, and the pH value of the plating solution is maintained between 10 and 12 by adding sodium hydroxide.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step 1, the process of surface copper plating of ceramic particles is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 g / L of ceramic particles to plating solution; ceramic particles are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the addition process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles is cleaned with ethanol or acetone solution and then air-dried.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step 2, the process of cleaning the base material is as follows: using ethanol or acetone organic solvent to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material, then using 1-4wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40℃~60℃ to clean for 5min~7min, then rinsing with running water, then using 0.5-1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 25℃~35℃ to pickle for 1min~3min, then rinsing with clean water multiple times to remove residual reagents, and finally air drying or low-temperature drying.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step 3, assuming that the base material is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the vertical direction is 5° to 10°, the angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is 30° to 40°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle and the vertical direction is 50° to 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun close to the base material and the base material is 15 to 25 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle close to the base material and the base material is 10 to 15 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 to 10 mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is -1 to +1 mm.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step 4, the power of the pulsed laser is set to 3000W~5000W, the laser duty cycle is set to 40%~60%, and the pulsed laser frequency is set to 20~300Hz through the pulse laser; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 1~100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 20~300Hz through the alternating magnetic field control power supply; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 6L / min~9L / min, and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min~3g / min, the arc current is set to 150A~200A through the arc welding power supply, and the welding speed is set to 0.6m / min~1.2m / min through the welding robot.

[0024] The beneficial effect of this solution of the present application lies in the above-mentioned high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method, which is based on the regulation of pulsed laser, alternating magnetic field and surface metallized ceramic particles to achieve uniform distribution of ceramic particle powder in the weld and improve the welding strength of high-strength aluminum alloy. The method of surface metallized ceramic particles increases the interaction force generated by the alternating magnetic field and current on the ceramic particles. At the same time, a synergistic effect is formed between the alternating direction electromagnetic force generated by the alternating magnetic field and the impact force generated by the pulsed laser on the molten pool, thereby controlling the movement state of the ceramic particle powder in the molten pool, achieving uniform distribution of the ceramic particle powder in the weld, and ultimately achieving uniform weld structure and improving weld strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic structural diagram of a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device in an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an alternating magnetic field control power supply, a magnetic core, and an excitation coil in an embodiment is shown.

[0027] Figure 3 The powder distribution and molten pool force diagram of pulsed laser and alternating magnetic field assisted arc composite powder feeding welding in the embodiment are shown.

[0028] Figure 4 The figure shows the weld formation effect of conventional laser-arc composite powder feeding welding of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0029] Figure 5 The figure shows the effect of the weld formed by welding according to the method involved in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of a conventional laser-arc hybrid powder welding weld is shown.

[0031] Figure 7 FIG2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a weld formed according to the method of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 A comparative curve diagram of tensile properties of conventional laser-arc composite powder feeding welding and welding according to the method of the invention is shown.

[0033] Figure numerals: 1-arc welding power supply, 2-alternating magnetic field control power supply, 3-robot arm, 4-pulsed laser, 5-powder feeder, 6-magnetic core, 7-excitation coil, 8-base material, 9-arc welding gun, 10-laser head, 11-pulsed laser beam, 12-powder feeding nozzle, 13-welding direction, 14-plasma; 15-ceramic particles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the high-strength aluminum alloy welding device involved in this application includes:

[0037] An arc welding power source 1 and an arc welding gun 9 connected to the arc welding power source 1 are mounted on a robotic arm 3 of a welding robot. The arc welding power source 1 controls the arc welding gun 9 to weld a base material 8. The base material 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy and is arranged in a horizontal direction.

[0038] An alternating magnetic field control power supply 2, an excitation coil 7 connected to the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 is wound on a magnetic core 6, and the magnetic core 6 is assembled on the robotic arm 3 of the welding robot. The alternating current generated by the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 acts on the excitation coil 7 to generate an alternating magnetic field. The height of the alternating magnetic field is the same as that of the base material 8 to be welded, and the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the welding direction 13.

[0039] The pulse laser 4 and the laser head 10 connected to the pulse laser 4 can emit a pulse laser beam 11 to act on the base material 8. The laser head 10 is assembled on the mechanical arm 3 of the welding robot.

[0040] The powder feeder 5 and the powder feeding nozzle 12 connected to the powder feeder 5 can add the surface metallized ceramic particles 15 to the weld of the base material 8 in a targeted and quantitative manner. The powder feeding nozzle 12 is assembled on the mechanical arm 3 of the welding robot.

[0041] During the welding process, the welding robot moves according to the preset welding speed and welding trajectory, and the arc welding gun 9, magnetic core 6, laser head 10 and powder feeding nozzle 12 move synchronously under the action of the robot arm 3. Specifically, the welding robot can adopt known equipment in the prior art, which can set the welding speed and welding trajectory, and can make the arc welding gun 9, magnetic core 6, laser head 10 and powder feeding nozzle 12 move synchronously. During the welding process, the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is made the same as the frequency of the pulsed laser. Through the synergistic effect between the surface metallized ceramic particles 15, the alternating magnetic field and the pulsed laser, the alternating magnetic field is adjusted to achieve the alternating magnetic field generating a downward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool during the pulsed laser emitting stage; when the pulsed laser is in the non-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates an upward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool.

[0042] The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method involved in this application comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Prepare a plating solution for the ceramic particles 15 and perform copper plating on the surface of the ceramic particles 15.

[0044] Step 2: Clean the base metal 8 to be welded to remove impurities, oil stains and oxide layer on the surface of the base metal 8. The base metal 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0045] Step 3: Fix the cleaned base material 8 to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulsed laser beam 11 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun 9 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the base material 8, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base material 8 to achieve stable coupling between the pulsed laser and the arc, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle 12 can stably feed the ceramic particles 15 into the molten pool.

[0046] Step 4. Set the power, laser duty cycle, and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser through the pulse laser 4, set the alternating magnetic field strength and frequency through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2, so that the alternating magnetic field frequency is the same as the pulse laser frequency, and set the alternating magnetic field at the same time to achieve the alternating magnetic field in the pulse laser light emitting stage. The alternating magnetic field exerts a downward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts an upward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; set the welding arc process parameters through the arc welding power supply 1, set the welding speed and welding trajectory through the welding robot, and adjust the powder feeding speed through the powder feeder 5.

[0047] Step 5: Turn on the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2. After the alternating magnetic field stabilizes, perform welding according to the settings in step 4. Then, turn off the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 in sequence to complete the welding process.

[0048] Specifically, in step 1, the ceramic particles 15 are a mixture of one or more of TiC, TiB2, B4C, and ZrO2 with a particle size of 5 to 15 μm, which can improve the strength of the weld.

[0049] In step 1, the composition ratio of the plating solution is: 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde, and the pH value of the plating solution is adjusted to be maintained between 10 and 12 by adding sodium hydroxide.

[0050] In step 1, the process of surface copper plating of the ceramic particles 15 is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 g / L of ceramic particles 15 to plating solution; the ceramic particles 15 are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the addition process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles 15 is cleaned with ethanol or acetone solution and then air-dried.

[0051] In step 2, the process of cleaning the base material 8 is as follows: ethanol or acetone organic solvent is used to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material 8, and then a 1-4wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40°C to 60°C is used for cleaning for 5min to 7min, and then it is rinsed with running water, and then a 0.5-1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 25°C to 35°C is used for pickling for 1min to 3min, and then it is rinsed with clean water multiple times to remove residual reagents, and finally it is air-dried or low-temperature dried.

[0052] In step 3, it is assumed that the base material 8 is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam 11 and the vertical direction is 5° to 10°, the angle between the arc welding gun 9 and the vertical direction is 30° to 40°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the vertical direction is 50° to 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun 9 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 15 to 25 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle 12 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 10 to 15 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 to 10 mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is -1 to +1 mm.

[0053] In step 4, the pulse laser power is set to 3000W~5000W, the laser duty cycle is set to 40%~60%, and the pulse laser frequency is set to 20~300Hz through the pulse laser 4; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 1~100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 20~300Hz through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder 5 so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 6L / min~9L / min and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min~3g / min, the arc current is set to 150A~200A through the arc welding power supply 1, and the welding speed is set to 0.6m / min~1.2m / min through the welding robot.

[0054] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, the high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method involved in this application have the following advantages:

[0055] (1) In the initial stage of powder feeding, it is difficult for the ceramic particles 15 powder to enter the bottom of the molten pool. The force exerted by the pulse laser on the molten pool and the alternating magnetic field on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool generate a downward force to promote the ceramic particles 15 to flow into the molten pool. Subsequently, in order to prevent the ceramic particles 15 from gathering at the bottom of the molten pool, when the pulse laser is in the non-light-emitting stage, the electromagnetic force formed by the interaction between the alternating magnetic field and the copper-plated ceramic particles 15 and the molten metal in the molten pool is used to generate an upward force on the ceramic particles 15, which acts on the ceramic particles 15 to make them move upward and at the same time increases the flow rate at the bottom of the molten pool, inhibits the ceramic particles 15 powder from gathering at the bottom of the molten pool, improves the uniform distribution of the ceramic particles 15 in the molten pool, effectively plays a strengthening role, and avoids the problem of low weld strength caused by the uneven distribution of ceramic particles 15 in the weld, such as the agglomeration of ceramic particles 15 and uneven tissue distribution.

[0056] (2) The electromagnetic force generated by the alternating magnetic field in the molten pool plays the role of stirring the molten pool, thereby refining the grains, uniforming the structure, and improving the performance of the weld joint.

[0057] (3) Through the action of alternating magnetic field and pulsed laser, on the one hand, the existence time of the molten pool is increased; on the other hand, the stirring effect of pulsed laser and alternating magnetic field on the molten pool can increase the escape time of pores, reduce the porosity, improve the uniformity of weld structure, and improve the mechanical properties of the weld joint.

[0058] Example

[0059] In this embodiment, the high-strength aluminum alloy welding method includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Prepare a plating solution for the ceramic particles 15 and perform copper plating on the surface of the ceramic particles 15.

[0061] In step 1, the plating solution comprises 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde. Sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH of the plating solution to maintain between 10 and 12. The ceramic particles 15 used are TiC ceramic particles with a particle size of 12 μm.

[0062] In step 1, the process of surface copper plating of the ceramic particles 15 is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ratio of 0.1 g / L of ceramic particles 15 to plating solution; the ceramic particles 15 are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the addition process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles 15 is cleaned with acetone solution and then air-dried.

[0063] Step 2: Clean the base metal 8 to be welded to remove impurities, oil stains and oxide layer on the surface of the base metal 8. The base metal 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, specifically 7075 high-strength aluminum alloy with a length of 150 mm, a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.

[0064] In step 2, the process of cleaning the base material 8 is as follows: acetone is used to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material 8, and then the surface of the base material 8 is cleaned with a 2wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40°C for 6 minutes, and then the residual reagent on the surface is removed by rinsing with running water, and then a 1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 30°C is used for pickling for 2 minutes, and then the residual reagent is removed by rinsing with clean water several times, and finally the base material 8 is dried for use.

[0065] Step 3: Fix the cleaned base material 8 to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulsed laser beam 11 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun 9 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the base material 8, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base material 8, so that the pulsed laser beam 11 can be focused, and the pulsed laser and the arc can achieve stable coupling, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle can stably deliver the ceramic particles 15 into the molten pool.

[0066] Specifically, in step 3, it is assumed that the base material 8 is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam 11 and the vertical direction is 5°, the angle between the arc welding gun 9 and the vertical direction is 30°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the vertical direction is 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun 9 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 15 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle 12 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 12 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 mm, the light wire spacing is 2 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is 0 mm.

[0067] Step 4. Set the power, laser duty cycle, and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser through the pulse laser 4, set the alternating magnetic field strength and frequency through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2, so that the alternating magnetic field frequency is the same as the pulse laser frequency, and set the alternating magnetic field at the same time to achieve the alternating magnetic field in the pulse laser light emitting stage. The alternating magnetic field exerts a downward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts an upward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; set the welding arc process parameters through the arc welding power supply 1, set the welding speed and welding trajectory through the welding robot, and adjust the powder feeding speed through the powder feeder 5.

[0068] Specifically, in step 4, the pulse laser power is set to 3500 W, the laser duty cycle is set to 50%, and the pulse laser frequency is set to 200 Hz through the pulse laser 4; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 100 mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 200 Hz through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder 5 so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 8 L / min and the powder feeding amount is 2.1 g / min; the arc current is set to 150 A through the arc welding power supply 1, and the welding speed is set to 1.0 m / min through the welding robot.

[0069] Step 5: Turn on the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2. After the alternating magnetic field stabilizes, perform welding according to the settings in step 4. Then, turn off the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 in sequence to complete the welding process.

[0070] The above is only a preferred specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and concept of the present application within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and they should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-strength aluminum alloy welding device, characterized by: include: An arc welding power source, an arc welding gun connected to the arc welding power source is mounted on the robotic arm of the welding robot, and the arc welding power source controls the arc welding gun to weld a base material, wherein the base material is a high-strength aluminum alloy; An alternating magnetic field control power supply, an excitation coil connected to the alternating magnetic field control power supply wound on a magnetic core, the magnetic core assembled on the robotic arm of the welding robot, the alternating current generated by the alternating magnetic field control power supply acting on the excitation coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field direction of the alternating magnetic field being perpendicular to the welding direction; A pulse laser, a laser head connected to the pulse laser can emit a pulse laser beam to act on the base material, and the laser head is assembled on the mechanical arm of the welding robot; A powder feeder, a powder feeding nozzle connected to the powder feeder can add surface metallized ceramic particles to the weld of the base material, and the powder feeding nozzle is assembled on the mechanical arm of the welding robot; When the welding robot moves according to the preset welding speed and welding trajectory, the arc welding gun, magnetic core, laser head and powder feeding nozzle move synchronously under the action of the robotic arm; the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is the same as the frequency of the pulsed laser, and through the synergistic effect between the surface metallized ceramic particles, the alternating magnetic field and the pulsed laser, the alternating magnetic field is adjusted to achieve the alternating magnetic field generating a first force on the ceramic particles during the pulsed laser light emitting stage, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulsed laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force.

2. A high-strength aluminum alloy welding method based on the device of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Prepare a plating solution for ceramic particles and perform copper plating on the surface of the ceramic particles; Step 2: Clean the base metal to be welded. The base metal is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. Step 3: Fix the cleaned base metal to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulsed laser beam and the base metal, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun and the base metal, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle and the base metal, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base metal to achieve stable coupling between the pulsed laser and the arc, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle can stably feed the ceramic particles into the molten pool; Step 4. The power, laser duty cycle, and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser are set by a pulse laser, and the alternating magnetic field intensity and frequency are set by an alternating magnetic field control power supply so that the alternating magnetic field frequency is the same as the pulse laser frequency. At the same time, the alternating magnetic field is set so that when the pulse laser is in the light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a first force on the ceramic particles, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force; the welding arc process parameters are set by an arc welding power supply, the welding speed and welding trajectory are set by a welding robot, and the powder feeding speed is adjusted by a powder feeder; Step 5: Turn on the arc welding power supply, pulse laser, powder feeder, and alternating magnetic field control power supply. After the alternating magnetic field stabilizes, perform welding according to the settings in step 4.

3. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, the ceramic particles are a mixture of one or more of TiC, TiB2, B4C, and ZrO2 with a particle size of 5 to 15 μm.

4. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the composition ratio of the plating solution is: 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde, and the pH value of the plating solution is adjusted to be maintained between 10 and 12 by adding sodium hydroxide.

5. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the process of copper plating the surface of the ceramic particles is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 g / L of ceramic particles to the plating solution; the ceramic particles are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the addition process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles is cleaned with ethanol or acetone solution and then air-dried.

6. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the process of cleaning the base material is as follows: using ethanol or acetone organic solvent to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material, then using 1-4wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40°C to 60°C for 5min to 7min, then rinsing with running water, then using 0.5-1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 25°C to 35°C for 1min to 3min, then rinsing with clean water multiple times to remove residual reagents, and finally air drying or low-temperature drying.

7. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, it is assumed that the base material is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the vertical direction is 5° to 10°, the angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is 30° to 40°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle and the vertical direction is 50° to 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun close to the base material and the base material is 15 to 25 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle close to the base material and the base material is 10 to 15 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 to 10 mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is -1 to +1 mm.

8. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 4, the pulse laser power is set to 3000W~5000W, the laser duty cycle is set to 40%~60%, and the pulse laser frequency is set to 20~300Hz by the pulse laser; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 1~100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 20~300Hz by the alternating magnetic field control power supply; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 6L / min~9L / min and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min~3g / min, the arc current is set to 150A~200A by the arc welding power supply, and the welding speed is set to 0.6m / min~1.2m / min by the welding robot.

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