High-nickel positive electrode material for battery pack

Abstract

An exemplary lithium ion battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. An exemplary positive electrode includes a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNixM '(1-x) O2 wherein M' is at least one metal element, and 0.60 < = x < = 0.999. An exemplary negative electrode includes an active material including carbon.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 326,102 filed on March 31, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application generally relates to lithium ion batteries including positive electrode active materials having a high nickel (Ni) content, and batteries including the lithium ion batteries. Background Art

[0003] Lithium-ion batteries provide power for many electrical devices used in daily life. There is a need for lithium-ion batteries with improved electrochemical properties. The properties of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte can have a significant impact on battery performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] Specific embodiments of the present application relate to lithium ion batteries and battery packs including lithium ion batteries. In one aspect, a lithium ion battery is disclosed. The lithium ion battery can be a jelly-roll lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery can include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode of the lithium ion battery can include a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.60≤x≤0.999. In various embodiments, 0.83≤x≤0.999. The negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery may include an active material, and the active material includes carbon (ie, a "carbon-based active material"). The negative electrode may further include silicon (Si). The negative electrode may further include at least 4 weight percent (wt%) of silicon.

[0005] Before explaining any specific embodiment in detail, it should be understood that the specific embodiment is not limited to its application in the configuration details and component arrangements described in the following description or shown in the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiment can be implemented or realized in various ways. In addition, it should be understood that the words and terms used in this application are for illustrative purposes and should not be regarded as limiting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 Battery cells for use in battery pouches according to some specific embodiments are presented.

[0007] Figure 2 Battery cell pouches according to some specific embodiments are presented.

[0008] Figure 3A wound battery cell is shown according to some specific embodiments.

[0009] Figure 4 The interior of a tab-less wound battery cell is shown according to some specific embodiments.

[0010] Figure 5 An electrode sheet of a tab-less battery cell according to some specific embodiments is shown.

[0011] Figure 6 A positive tab arrangement for a tabbed battery cell is shown, according to some embodiments, wherein the tabs are aligned.

[0012] Figure 7 A negative electrode tab arrangement of a battery cell is shown according to some embodiments, wherein the tabs are arranged in a radial pattern.

[0013] Figure 8 A perspective view of a prismatic battery cell is shown, according to some embodiments.

[0014] Fig. 9 A fan-folded (ie, accordion-folded or zigzag-folded) electrode configuration of a prismatic battery cell according to some embodiments is shown.

[0015] Fig.10 Flat-wound electrode configurations for prismatic battery cells are shown according to some specific embodiments.

[0016] Figure 11-14 A perspective view of an exemplary battery pack is shown according to some specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The specific embodiments disclosed and contemplated in the present application generally relate to lithium-ion battery cells and battery packs including lithium-ion battery cells. An exemplary lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. An exemplary positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery includes a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.60≤x≤0.999. In various embodiments, 0.83≤x≤0.999. The exemplary negative electrode comprises an active material, and the active material comprises carbon (ie, a "carbon-based active material"). The exemplary negative electrode further comprises silicon (Si). The exemplary negative electrode may comprise at least 4 wt% silicon. I.Limited

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. In the event of a conflict, this document shall prevail, including limitations. Although several methods and materials are described below, methods and materials similar or equivalent to the methods and materials described in this application may also be used for the implementation or testing of the present disclosure. All disclosures, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned in this application are all incorporated herein by reference. The materials, methods and examples disclosed in this application are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0019] The terms "including", "comprising", "having", "having", "may", "containing" and their variations used in this application are intended to be open transition phrases, terms or words, and do not exclude the possibility of additional operations or structures. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "one", and "the" include plural meanings. Whether explicitly stated or not, the present disclosure also contemplates other specific embodiments that "include" the specific embodiments or elements listed in this application, "consist of" the specific embodiments or elements listed in this application, and "consist of" the specific embodiments or elements listed in this application.

[0020] The term "about" as used herein is used to indicate that an exact value may not necessarily be obtained. Therefore, the term "about" is used to indicate the limits of this uncertainty. The term "about" can represent plus or minus 10% of the number shown. For example, "about 10%" can represent a range of 9% to 11%, while "about 1" can represent from 0.9-1.1. Other meanings of "about" can be clear from the context, such as rounding, so, for example, "about 1" can also represent from 0.5-1.4. The modifier "about" should also be considered to disclose a range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints. For example, the expression "from about 2 to about 4" also discloses a range of "from 2 to 4".

[0021] For numerical ranges recited herein, the present application contemplates each intermediate number within the range with equal precision. For example, for a range of 6-9, in addition to 6 and 9, the numbers 7 and 8 are contemplated, and for a range of 6.0-7.0, the numbers 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, and 7.0 are contemplated. For another example, when describing a pressure range between ambient pressure and another pressure, the pressure as ambient pressure is explicitly contemplated.

[0022] The term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon. 1-4"Alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-decyl.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the term "alkyl" may be preceded by an identifier indicating the number of atoms in the group (e.g., "C 1-4 The use of these identifiers is generally understood by those skilled in the art. For example, the symbol "C" followed by a subscript number indicates the number of carbon atoms present in the group that follows. Thus, "C3 alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having three carbon atoms (i.e., n-propyl, isopropyl). In the case of a given range, for example, "C 1-4 ”, the following radical component can have any number of carbon atoms within the listed range. For example, regardless of the arrangement (i.e., straight chain or branched chain), “C 1-4 "Alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0024] The term "halogen" or "salt-forming element" as used herein refers to chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) or fluorine (F). A "halogenated compound" (i.e., chlorinated, brominated, iodinated or fluorinated) as used herein refers to a compound containing at least one halogen atom.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "supported," and "coupled" and variations thereof are used in a broad sense to encompass both direct mounting, connections, supports, and couplings as well as indirect mounting, connections, supports, and couplings. Furthermore, "connected" and "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. II. Lithium-ion Battery Cell Components

[0026] The lithium ion battery of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. Various aspects of exemplary positive electrodes, negative electrodes, and non-aqueous electrolytes are discussed below. A. Positive electrode

[0027] The positive electrode in the lithium ion battery of the present disclosure generally includes a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector. The exemplary positive electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may include a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material.

[0028] The positive electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may include a mixed metal oxide active material. Generally, the composition chemical formula of the mixed metal oxide active material of the positive electrode active material of the present disclosure is: LiNi x M' (1-x)O2, Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.60≤x≤0.999. In various embodiments, M' can be Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn, Nb, V, Cu, Zr or a combination thereof. The relative stoichiometry of nickel (Ni) and at least one metal element M' is defined by the subscript x. In various embodiments, 0.83≤x≤0.999. The composition formula of the mixed metal oxide active material can be LiNi 0.83 M' 0.17 O2.

[0029] In addition, the compositional formula of the mixed metal oxide active material may be: LiNi x Co y M” (1-x-y) O2 Wherein, M" is at least one metal element, 0.60≤x≤0.999 and 0.001≤y≤0.20. In various embodiments, M" can be Mn, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn, Nb, V, Cu, Zr or a combination thereof. The relative stoichiometry of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and M' (at least one metal element) is defined by the subscripts x and y. In various embodiments, 0.83≤x≤0.999. The compositional chemical formula of the metal oxide active material can be LiNi 0.83 Co y M” (0.17-y) O2.

[0030] In various embodiments, the compositional formula of the mixed metal oxide active material may be: LiNi x Co y Mn (1-x-y) O2 Wherein, 0.60≤x≤0.999 and 0.001≤y≤0.20. The relative stoichiometry of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) is defined by the subscripts x and y. Suitable mixed metal oxide active materials include, but are not limited to, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi x Co y Mn (1-x-y) O2), such as LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O2 (NMC811). In various embodiments, 0.83≤x≤0.999. The composition formula of the mixed metal oxide active material may be LiNi 0.83 Co y Mn (0.17-y) O2 or the chemical formula can be LiNi0.83 Co y Al (0.17-y) O2.

[0031] In various embodiments, the compositional formula of the mixed metal oxide active material may be: LiNi x Co y Al (1-x-y) O2 Wherein, 0.60≤x≤0.999 and 0.001≤y≤0.20. The relative stoichiometry of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and aluminum (Al) is defined by the subscripts x and y. Suitable mixed metal oxide active materials include lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNi x Co y Al (1-x-y) O2), such as LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O2(NCA), wherein 0.80≤x≤0.999. In various embodiments, 0.83≤x≤0.999. The composition formula of the mixed metal oxide active material may be LiNi 0.83 Co y Al (0.17-y) O2.

[0032] The mixed metal oxide active material for the positive electrode active material layer in the present disclosure may include nickel (Ni) with different contents. The stoichiometry of nickel (Ni) is defined by the subscript x. Typically, x is between about 0.60 and about 0.999. In various embodiments, x is between about 0.60 and about 0.99, between about 0.65 and about 0.95, between about 0.7 and about 0.95, between about 0.70 and about 0.90, between about 0.75 and about 0.90, between about 0.75 and about 0.85, or between about 0.80 and about 0.85. In various embodiments, x is at least 0.60, at least 0.65, at least 0.70, at least 0.75, at least 0.80, at least 0.85, at least 0.90, at least 0.95, or at least 0.99. In various embodiments, x is no greater than 0.99, no greater than 0.95, no greater than 0.90, no greater than 0.85, no greater than 0.80, no greater than 0.75, no greater than 0.70, no greater than 0.65, or no greater than 0.60.

[0033] The mixed metal oxide active material for the positive electrode active material layer in the present disclosure may further include cobalt (Co) with different contents. The stoichiometry of cobalt (Co) is defined by the subscript y. Typically, y is between about 0.001 and about 0.20. In various embodiments, y is between about 0.0025 and about 0.20, between about 0.005 and about 0.20, between about 0.01 and about 0.15, between about 0.015 and about 0.15, between about 0.02 and about 0.10, between about 0.025 and about 0.10, or between about 0.025 and about 0.075. In various embodiments, y is at least 0.0025, at least 0.005, at least 0.01, at least 0.025, at least 0.05, at least 0.075, at least 0.1, at least 0.15, or at least 0.20. In various embodiments, y is no greater than 0.20, no greater than 0.15, no greater than 0.1, no greater than 0.075, no greater than 0.05, no greater than 0.025, no greater than 0.02, no greater than 0.015, no greater than 0.01, no greater than 0.005, or no greater than 0.0025.

[0034] The form of the mixed metal oxide active material in the positive electrode active material layer of the present disclosure can vary. When the mixed metal oxide active material is present in the form of particles, the shape of the active material particles can be any one of block, polyhedron, spherical, elliptical, plate-like, needle-like, columnar, and other shapes (e.g., commonly used shapes). In an electrochemical element, the active material in each electrode typically expands / contracts with the charge / discharge of the element, and therefore, due to the stress caused by expansion / contraction, degradation phenomena such as breakage of the active material and destruction of the conductive path are likely to occur.

[0035] The mixed metal oxide active material present in the positive electrode active material layer of the present disclosure can be manufactured using methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0036] In some embodiments, the mixed metal oxide active material can be manufactured in the form of particles. The manufactured mixed metal oxide active material particles can be primary particles. In various embodiments, the mixed metal oxide active material particles can be manufactured using methods known to those skilled in the art to improve lithium ion transport, mechanical strength and thermal stability, and reduce the strain of the positive electrode active material layer during charge / discharge (e.g., primary particle nano-sizing, controlling the shape / alignment of particles, using single crystal particles).

[0037] In various embodiments, a substance having a composition different from that of the mixed metal oxide active material is coated on the mixed metal oxide active material to form a coating. The coating can be used or applied to protect and / or stabilize the mixed metal oxide active material during battery use. The coating for the mixed metal oxide active material can be specially formulated to prevent the non-aqueous electrolyte from oxidizing on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer, thereby improving the battery life.

[0038] The coatings for mixed metal oxide active materials of the present disclosure may include ion-conducting inorganic materials (e.g., oxides, fluorides, phosphates, sulfides, nitrides, oxynitrides and oxysulfide glasses, silicates and sulfur-containing silicates, LISICON (chemical formula Li 2+2x Zn 1-x GeO4), sulfur-containing LISICON structure (chemical formula is Li (4-x) Ge (1-x) P x S4)), ion-conducting / electronically conductive polymers (e.g., polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, polycarbazoles, polyaza, polyindole, polyphenylene sulfide), and / or carbon (e.g., graphene, amorphous carbon). Exemplary oxides that can be used as coatings for mixed metal oxide active materials include aluminum oxides, silicon oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, magnesium oxides, calcium oxides, boron oxides, antimony oxides, and bismuth oxides, as well as sulfates such as lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate, and carbonates such as lithium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate.

[0039] The positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode of the present disclosure may include mixed metal oxide active materials with different contents. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain 90wt% to 99wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain 90wt% to 98.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, 90.5wt% to 98wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, 91wt% to 97.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, 91.5wt% to 97wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, 92wt% to 96.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, 92.5wt% to 96wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, 93wt% to 96.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials, or 93wt% to 96wt% of mixed metal oxide active materials. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain no more than 99 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 98.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 98 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 97.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 96 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 95.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 95 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 94.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 94 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 93.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 93 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 92.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 92 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 91.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 91 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, no more than 90.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, or no more than 90 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material.In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may include not less than 90 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 90.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 91 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 91.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 92 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 92.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 93 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 93.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 94 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 95 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 96 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 98 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 99 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 91.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 92 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 92.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 93 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 93.5 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 94 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 98 wt % of a mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 9 ... 94.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 95wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 95.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 96wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 96.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 97wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 97.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 98wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, not less than 98.5wt% of mixed metal oxide active material, or not less than 99wt% of mixed metal oxide active material.

[0040] The positive electrode active material layer for the positive electrode in the present disclosure may further include at least one binder and at least one conductive material.

[0041] The binder that can be used for the positive electrode active material layer of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether nitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and its salts, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and its hydrogen additive, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer and its hydrogen additive; for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), ethylene Fluorine resins such as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polytrifluorochloroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF); for example, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene fluororubber (VDF-HFP fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-HFP-TFE fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene fluororubber (VDF-PFP fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-PFP-TFE fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-PFMVE-TFE fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-CTFE fluororubber) and other vinylidene fluoride-based fluororubbers; epoxy resins and polyacrylic acid (PAA). These adhesives can be used alone or in combination of two or more types. In various embodiments, the adhesive can include polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF). In various embodiments, the binder may include polyacrylic acid (PAA), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or a combination thereof.

[0042] The positive electrode active material layer for the positive electrode in the present disclosure may contain 0.5 to 5wt% of a binder. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain 0.5 to 4.5wt% of a binder, 0.5 to 4.0wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 4.0wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 3.5wt% of a binder, 1.5 to 3.5wt% of a binder, 1.5 to 3.0wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 3.0wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 2.5wt% of a binder, or 1.5 to 2.5wt% of a binder. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain no more than 5wt% of a binder, no more than 4.5wt% of a binder, no more than 4wt% of a binder, no more than 3.5wt% of a binder, no more than 3wt% of a binder, no more than 2.5wt% of a binder, no more than 2wt% of a binder, no more than 1.5wt% of a binder, no more than 1wt% of a binder, or no more than 0.5wt% of a binder. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain not less than 0.5wt% of a binder, not less than 1wt% of a binder, not less than 1.5wt% of a binder, not less than 2wt% of a binder, not less than 2.5wt% of a binder, not less than 3wt% of a binder, not less than 3.5wt% of a binder, not less than 4wt% of a binder, not less than 4.5wt% of a binder, or not less than 5wt% of a binder.

[0043] Suitable conductive materials for the positive active material layer of the present disclosure include carbon-based conductive materials, such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube, graphene and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the conductive material may include carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotube or a combination thereof.

[0044] The positive electrode active material layer may contain 0.5 to 5 wt % of the conductive material. In various embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may contain 0.5 to 4.5 wt % of the conductive material, 0.5 to 4.0 wt % of the conductive material, 1.0 to 4.0 wt % of the conductive material, 1.0 to 3.5 wt % of the conductive material, 1.5 to 3.5 wt % of the conductive material, 1.5 to 3.0 wt % of the conductive material, 1.0 to 3.0 wt % of the conductive material, 1.0 to 2.5 wt % of the conductive material, or 1.5 to 2.5 wt % of the conductive material. In various embodiments, the exemplary positive active material layer may contain no more than 5 wt % of conductive material, no more than 4.5 wt % of conductive material, no more than 4 wt % of conductive material, no more than 3.5 wt % of conductive material, no more than 3 wt % of conductive material, no more than 2.5 wt % of conductive material, no more than 2 wt % of conductive material, no more than 1.5 wt % of conductive material, no more than 1 wt % of conductive material, or no more than 0.5 wt % of conductive material. In various embodiments, the positive active material layer may contain no less than 0.5 wt % of conductive material, no less than 1 wt % of conductive material, no less than 1.5 wt % of conductive material, no less than 2 wt % of conductive material, no less than 2.5 wt % of conductive material, no less than 3 wt % of conductive material, no less than 3.5 wt % of conductive material, no less than 4 wt % of conductive material, no less than 4.5 wt % of conductive material, or no less than 5 wt % of conductive material.

[0045] The positive electrode active material layer may further contain additional positive electrode additive materials (such as Li2CO3). Such additives will depend on the type of battery cell and the intended use of the battery.

[0046] The positive electrode of the present disclosure is manufactured by using methods known to those skilled in the art. The positive electrode active material layer can generally be applied to the positive electrode collector in the form of a slurry and then dried to form a positive electrode. The material that can constitute the positive electrode collector is not particularly limited. In various embodiments, a metal current collector can be used as the positive electrode collector. Specific examples of metals that can be used for the current collector include aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, copper, stainless steel and other alloys. In addition to the above materials, a cladding material of nickel and aluminum, a cladding material of copper and aluminum, or a plating material of a combination of these metals can also be used. In various embodiments, copper, aluminum, stainless steel or a combination thereof can be used. In various embodiments, the positive electrode collector may include aluminum foil.

[0047] In some embodiments, the cathode current collector of the present disclosure may be a coated foil.The coating for the current collector of the present disclosure may be carbon-based.

[0048] The positive electrode current collector of the present disclosure may have various thicknesses. The thickness of the current collector may be determined and modified according to the intended use of the battery.

[0049] For example, the thickness of the positive current collector may be 0.5 μm to 20 μm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the positive current collector may be 0.5 μm to 15 μm, 0.5 μm to 14 μm, 1 μm to 13 μm, 1 μm to 12 μm, 2 μm to 11 μm, 2 μm to 10 μm, 3 μm to 9 μm, 3 μm to 8 μm, 4 μm to 7 μm, or 5 μm to 7 μm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the positive current collector may not exceed 15 μm, not exceed 14 μm, not exceed 13 μm, not exceed 12 μm, not exceed 11 μm, not exceed 10 μm, not exceed 9 μm, not exceed 8 μm, not exceed 7 μm, not exceed 6 μm, not exceed 5 μm, not exceed 4 μm, not exceed 3 μm, not exceed 2 μm, not exceed 1 μm, or not exceed 0.5 μm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the positive electrode collector may be not less than 0.5μm, not less than 1μm, not less than 2μm, not less than 3μm, not less than 4μm, not less than 5μm, not less than 6μm, not less than 7μm, not less than 8μm, not less than 9μm, not less than 10μm, not less than 11μm, not less than 12μm, not less than 13μm, not less than 14μm, or not less than 15μm.

[0050] The positive electrode for lithium ion batteries disclosed in the present invention can be used at different current densities (mA / cm 2 ) is discharged. The current density will vary depending on factors such as the size of the battery cell and the design of the battery pack. In various embodiments, the positive electrode discharge can be from 5mA / cm 2 Up to 50mA / cm 2 In various embodiments, the positive discharge can be from 5 mA / cm 2 Up to 45mA / cm 2 , 10mA / cm 2 Up to 45mA / cm 2 , 15mA / cm 2 Up to 40mA / cm 2 , 20mA / cm 2 Up to 40mA / cm 2 , 25mA / cm 2 Up to 35mA / cm 2 , or 30mA / cm 2 Up to 35mA / cm 2 In various embodiments, the positive discharge may be at least 5 mA / cm 2 , at least 10mA / cm 2 , at least 15mA / cm 2, at least 20mA / cm 2 , at least 25mA / cm 2 , at least 30mA / cm 2 , at least 31mA / cm 2 , at least 32mA / cm 2 , at least 33mA / cm 2 , at least 34mA / cm 2 , at least 35mA / cm 2 , at least 36mA / cm 2 , at least 37mA / cm 2 , at least 38mA / cm 2 , at least 39mA / cm 2 , at least 40mA / cm 2 , at least 41mA / cm 2 , at least 42mA / cm 2 , at least 43mA / cm 2 , at least 44mA / cm 2 , or at least 45mA / cm 2 .

[0051] The positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries disclosed herein can provide different watts (Wh) per cubic centimeter (cm 3 In various embodiments, the positive electrode can provide not less than 1.0Wh / cc, not less than 1.1Wh / cc, not less than 1.2Wh / cc, not less than 1.3Wh / cc, not less than 1.4Wh / cc, not less than 1.5Wh / cc, not less than 1.6Wh / cc, not less than 1.7Wh / cc, not less than 1.8Wh / cc, not less than 1.9Wh / cc, not less than 2.0Wh / cc not less than 2.1Wh / cc, not less than 2.2Wh / cc, not less than 2.3Wh / cc, not less than 2.4Wh / cc, not less than 2.5Wh / cc, not less than 2.6Wh / cc, not less than 2.7Wh / cc, not less than 2.8Wh / cc, not less than 2.9Wh / cc, or not less than 3.0Wh / cc. An exemplary positive electrode can provide not less than 1.9Wh / cc. B. Negative electrode

[0052] The negative electrode of the lithium ion battery of the present disclosure generally includes a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector. The exemplary negative electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may include a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material.

[0053] The negative electrode active material layer used for the negative electrode in the present disclosure includes a negative electrode active material containing carbon (ie, a “carbon-based active material”).

[0054] The carbon-based active material for the negative electrode in the present disclosure can be selected from the following items: (1) Natural graphite; (2) Artificial carbonaceous materials and artificial graphite materials; and carbon materials obtained by heat treating carbonaceous materials once or more at a temperature range of 400°C to 3200°C {e.g., natural graphite, coal coke, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, carbonaceous materials obtained by oxidizing these pitches, needle coke, pitch coke, carbon materials obtained by partially graphitizing these cokes, pyrolysis products of organic matter (e.g., furnace black, acetylene black and pitch-derived carbon fibers), carbonizable organic matter [e.g., coal tar pitch ranging from soft pitch to hard pitch, coal-derived heavy oils such as dry distillation oil / liquefied oil, straight-run heavy oils such as top residue and vacuum distillation residue, heavy oils obtained after petroleum cracking (e.g., ethylene tar, a by-product of thermal cracking of crude oil or naphtha), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., acenaphthylene, decacyclene, anthracene and phenanthrene), nitrogen ring compounds such as phenazine and acridine, Sulfur ring compounds such as thiophene and dithiophene, polyphenylenes such as biphenyl and terphenyl, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl butyral), substances obtained by insolubilizing these compounds, nitrogen-containing organic polymers such as polyacrylonitrile and polypyrrole, sulfur-containing organic polymers such as polythiophene, organic polymers such as polystyrene, natural polymers (such as polysaccharides represented by cellulose, lignin, mannan, poly(galacturonic acid), chitosan and sucrose), thermoplastic resins such as poly(phenylene sulfide) and poly(phenylene ether), thermosetting resins (such as furfuryl alcohol resin, phenolic resin and imide resin)] and carbonized products thereof, or solutions obtained by dissolving any of such carbonizable organic substances in a low molecular weight organic solvent (such as benzene, toluene, xylene, quinoline or n-hexane), and products obtained by carbonizing these solutions}; (3) a carbon material constituting a negative electrode active material layer, the carbon material comprising at least two carbonaceous substances with different crystallinity and / or an interface where at least two carbonaceous substances with different crystallinity are in contact with each other; and (4) A carbon material constituting the negative electrode active material layer, the carbon material comprising at least two carbonaceous materials with different orientations and / or an interface where at least two carbonaceous materials with different orientations contact each other. This is because such a carbonaceous material can achieve a good balance between the initial irreversible capacity and the charge / discharge characteristics at a high current density. In various embodiments, the carbon-based active material is natural graphite or artificial graphite.

[0055] The negative electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may contain 90wt% to 99wt% of carbon-based active materials. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may contain 90wt% to 98.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, 90.5wt% to 98wt% of carbon-based active materials, 91wt% to 97.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, 91.5wt% to 97wt% of carbon-based active materials, 92wt% to 96.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, 92.5wt% to 96wt% of carbon-based active materials, 93wt% to 96.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, or 93wt% to 96wt% of carbon-based active materials. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may contain no more than 99wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 98.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 98wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 97.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 96wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 95.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 95wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 94.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 94wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 93.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 93wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 92.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 92wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 91.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 91wt% of carbon-based active materials, no more than 90.5wt% of carbon-based active materials, or no more than 90wt% of carbon-based active materials. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may contain not less than 90 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 90.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 91 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 91.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 92 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 92.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 93 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 93.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 94 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 95 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 96 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 98 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 99 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 91.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 92 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 92.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 93 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 93.5 wt % of carbon-based active material, not less than 94 ...9 wt % of carbon-based active material material, not less than 94.5wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 95wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 95.5wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 96wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 96.5wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 97wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 97.5wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 98wt% of carbon-based active material, not less than 98.5wt% of carbon-based active material, or not less than 99wt% of carbon-based active material.

[0056] The carbon-based active material includes a carbonaceous material and varying amounts of silicon (Si).

[0057] In various embodiments, the carbon-based active material of the present disclosure further comprises silicon (Si) having different contents. In various embodiments, the carbon-based active material of the present disclosure further comprises at least 1 weight percent (wt%) of silicon (Si). In various embodiments, the carbon-based active material of the present disclosure comprises at least 1wt% Si, at least 1.5wt% Si, at least 2wt% Si, at least 2.5wt% Si, at least 3wt% Si, at least 3.5wt% Si, at least 4wt% Si, at least 4.5wt% Si, at least 5wt% Si, at least 5.5wt% Si, at least 6wt% Si, at least 6.5wt% Si, at least 7wt% Si, at least 7.5wt% Si, at least 8wt% Si, at least 8.5wt% Si, at least 9wt% Si, at least 9.5wt% Si, or at least 10wt% Si.

[0058] In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer does not contain any Si. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer contains at least 4 wt % Si.

[0059] The negative active material layer of the present disclosure may further include at least one binder and at least one conductive material.

[0060] The negative electrode active material layer for the negative electrode in the present disclosure may further include one or more binders. The binders that can be used for the negative electrode active material layer include, but are not limited to, thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether nitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and its salts, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and its hydrogen additive, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer and its hydrogen additive; for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), ethylene- Fluororesins such as tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polytrifluorochloroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), etc.; for example, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene fluororubber (VDF-HFP fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-HFP-TFE fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene fluororubber (VDF-PFP fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-PFP-TFE fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-PFMVE-TFE fluororubber), vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene fluororubber (VDF-CTFE fluororubber) and other vinylidene fluoride-based fluororubbers; epoxy resin and polyacrylic acid (PAA). These adhesives can be used alone or in combination of two or more types. In various embodiments, the adhesive can include polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF). In various embodiments, the binder may include polyacrylic acid (PAA), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or a combination thereof.

[0061] The negative active material layer of the present disclosure may contain 0.5 to 5 wt% of a binder. In various embodiments, the negative active material layer may contain 0.5 to 4.5 wt% of a binder, 0.5 to 4.0 wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 4.0 wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 3.5 wt% of a binder, 1.5 to 3.5 wt% of a binder, 1.5 to 3.0 wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 3.0 wt% of a binder, 1.0 to 2.5 wt% of a binder, or 1.5 to 2.5 wt% of a binder. In various embodiments, the exemplary negative active material layer may contain no more than 5 wt% of a binder, no more than 4.5 wt% of a binder, no more than 4 wt% of a binder, no more than 3.5 wt% of a binder, no more than 3 wt% of a binder, no more than 2.5 wt% of a binder, no more than 2 wt% of a binder, no more than 1.5 wt% of a binder, no more than 1 wt% of a binder, or no more than 0.5 wt% of a binder. In various embodiments, the exemplary negative active material layer may contain not less than 0.5 wt % of a binder, not less than 1 wt % of a binder, not less than 1.5 wt % of a binder, not less than 2 wt % of a binder, not less than 2.5 wt % of a binder, not less than 3 wt % of a binder, not less than 3.5 wt % of a binder, not less than 4 wt % of a binder, not less than 4.5 wt % of a binder, or not less than 5 wt % of a binder.

[0062] Suitable conductive materials for the negative active material layer of the present disclosure include carbon-based conductive materials, such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the conductive material may include carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof.

[0063] The negative electrode active material layer of the present disclosure may contain 0.5 to 5 wt% of a conductive material. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer may contain 0.5 to 4.5 wt% of a conductive material, 0.5 to 4.0 wt% of a conductive material, 1.0 to 4.0 wt% of a conductive material, 1.0 to 3.5 wt% of a conductive material, 1.5 to 3.5 wt% of a conductive material, 1.5 to 3.0 wt% of a conductive material, 1.0 to 3.0 wt% of a conductive material, 1.0 to 2.5 wt% of a conductive material, or 1.5 to 2.5 wt% of a conductive material. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer may contain no more than 5 wt% of conductive material, no more than 4.5 wt% of conductive material, no more than 4 wt% of conductive material, no more than 3.5 wt% of conductive material, no more than 3 wt% of conductive material, no more than 2.5 wt% of conductive material, no more than 2 wt% of conductive material, no more than 1.5 wt% of conductive material, no more than 1 wt% of conductive material, or no more than 0.5 wt% of conductive material. In various embodiments, the negative electrode active material layer may contain no less than 0.5 wt% of conductive material, no less than 1 wt% of conductive material, no less than 1.5 wt% of conductive material, no less than 2 wt% of conductive material, no less than 2.5 wt% of conductive material, no less than 3 wt% of conductive material, no less than 3.5 wt% of conductive material, no less than 4 wt% of conductive material, no less than 4.5 wt% of conductive material, or no less than 5 wt% of conductive material.

[0064] The negative electrode active material layer may further contain additional negative electrode additive materials (such as Li2CO3). Such additives will depend on the type of battery cell and the intended use of the battery.

[0065] The negative electrode of the present disclosure is manufactured by using a method known to those skilled in the art. The negative electrode active material layer can generally be applied to the negative electrode current collector in the form of a slurry and then dried to form the negative electrode. The material that can constitute the negative electrode current collector of the present disclosure is not particularly limited. A metal current collector can be used as the negative electrode current collector. Specific embodiments of metals that can be used for the current collector include aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, copper, stainless steel and other alloys. In addition to the above materials, a cladding material of nickel and aluminum, a cladding material of copper and aluminum, or a plating material of a combination of these metals can also be used. The metal can be a foil with aluminum coated on its surface. Specific examples of metals include aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, copper, stainless steel and other alloys. In addition to the above materials, a cladding material of nickel and aluminum, a cladding material of copper and aluminum, or a plating material of a combination of these metals can also be used. In various embodiments, copper, aluminum, stainless steel or a combination thereof can be used as a material for the foil. In various embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may include copper foil.

[0066] In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may be a coated foil. The coating of the current collector may be carbon-based.

[0067] The negative electrode current collector of the present disclosure may have various thicknesses. The thickness of the current collector may be determined and modified according to the intended use of the battery.

[0068] For example, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may be 0.5 μm to 20 μm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may be 0.5 μm to 15 μm, 0.5 μm to 14 μm, 1 μm to 13 μm, 1 μm to 12 μm, 2 μm to 11 μm, 2 μm to 10 μm, 3 μm to 9 μm, 3 μm to 8 μm, 4 μm to 7 μm, or 5 μm to 7 μm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may not exceed 15 μm, not exceed 14 μm, not exceed 13 μm, not exceed 12 μm, not exceed 11 μm, not exceed 10 μm, not exceed 9 μm, not exceed 8 μm, not exceed 7 μm, not exceed 6 μm, not exceed 5 μm, not exceed 4 μm, not exceed 3 μm, not exceed 2 μm, not exceed 1 μm, or not exceed 0.5 μm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the negative electrode collector may be not less than 0.5 μm, not less than 1 μm, not less than 2 μm, not less than 3 μm, not less than 4 μm, not less than 5 μm, not less than 6 μm, not less than 7 μm, not less than 8 μm, not less than 9 μm, not less than 10 μm, not less than 11 μm, not less than 12 μm, not less than 13 μm, not less than 14 μm, or not less than 15 μm. C. Non-aqueous electrolyte

[0069] The nonaqueous electrolyte used in the lithium ion battery of the present disclosure is not particularly limited. Generally, the nonaqueous electrolyte comprises at least one lithium (Li) salt and a nonaqueous solvent. The nonaqueous electrolyte may further comprise at least one additive.

[0070] The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium-ion battery of the present disclosure comprises at least one lithium (Li) salt. In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure comprises more than one lithium salt. Suitable lithium salts for the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure include inorganic fluoride salts (e.g., LiPF6, LiBF4, LiAsF6, and LiSbF6), perhalogen acid salts (e.g., LiClO4, LiBrO4, and LiIO4), and inorganic chloride salts (e.g., LiAlCl4).

[0071] The exemplary non-aqueous electrolyte may include at least one lithium fluoride salt. The lithium salt may be a fluorine-containing organic lithium salt selected from perfluoroalkyl sulfonates such as LiCF3SO3, perfluoroalkyl sulfonimide salts such as LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(CF3CF2SO2)2, LiN(CF3SO2)(C4F9SO2), perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl methyl salts such as LiC(CF3SO2)3, fluoroalkyl sulfonyl methyl salts such as Li[PF5((CF2)2CF3)], Li[PF4((CF2)2CF3)2], Li[PF3((CF2)2CF3)3], Li[PF5((CF2)3CF3)], Li[PF4((CF2)3CF3)2] or Li[PF3((CF2)3CF3)3], or combinations thereof.

[0072] In various embodiments, the total concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure is in the range of 0.8 M to 4.0 M. In various embodiments, the total concentration of lithium salt may be in the range of 1.0 M to 4.0 M, 1.0 M to 3.75 M, 1.25 M to 3.75 M, 1.25 M to 3.5 M, 1.5 M to 3.5 M, 1.5 M to 3.25 M, 1.75 M to 3.25 M, 1.75 M to 3.0 M, 2.0 M to 3.0 M, 2.0 M to 2.75 M, or 2.25 M to 2.75 M. In various embodiments, the total concentration of lithium salt is at least 1.0 M, at least 1.25 M, at least 1.5 M, at least 2.0 M, at least 2.5 M, at least 2.75 M, at least 3.0 M, at least 3.25 M, at least 3.5 M, at least 3.75 M, or at least 4.0 M. In various embodiments, the total concentration of lithium salt is no more than 4.0 M, no more than 3.75 M, no more than 3.5 M, no more than 3.25 M, no more than 3.0 M, no more than 2.75 M, no more than 2.5 M, no more than 2.25 M, no more than 2.0 M, no more than 1.75 M, no more than 1.5 M, or no more than 1.0 M. Exemplary non-aqueous electrolytes of the present disclosure have a total concentration of lithium salt of at least 2.0 M.

[0073] In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may include at least one phosphorus-based lithium salt, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2), or a combination thereof.

[0074] In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may include at least one boron-based lithium salt, such as lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), or a combination thereof.

[0075] In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may include at least one imide lithium salt, such as LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, (CF2)2(SO2)2NLi(cyclic), (CF2)3(SO2)2NLi(cyclic), LiC(SO2CF3)3, or a combination thereof.

[0076] In various embodiments, the exemplary electrolyte may include at least one phosphorus-based lithium salt, at least one boron-based lithium salt, and at least one imide-based lithium salt. For example, the exemplary electrolyte may include lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LIFSI), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPF2O2), or a combination thereof, and lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), or a combination thereof.

[0077] The non-aqueous electrolyte used in the lithium-ion battery of the present disclosure includes a non-aqueous solvent. In various embodiments, the non-aqueous solvent of the electrolyte may include an ester, a carbonate, an ether, an amide, a sulfone, a lactone, a phosphate, an ionic liquid, or a combination thereof. At least one solvent used in the non-aqueous solvent may be an ester. At least one solvent used in the non-aqueous solvent may be a linear carbonate, a cyclic carbonate, or a combination thereof. At least one solvent used in the non-aqueous solvent may be a fluorinated solvent. At least one solvent used in the non-aqueous solvent may be a solvent containing a phosphoric acid group. At least one solvent used in the non-aqueous solvent may be an ionic liquid.

[0078] In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may include an ester. The ester may be a halogenated ester or a non-halogenated ester. A halogenated ester is an ester containing at least one halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). The halogenated ester may be a linear halogenated ester, such as ethyl difluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, or a combination thereof. A non-halogenated ester is an ester that does not contain any halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). The non-halogenated ester may be a linear ester, such as ethyl acetate (EA), n-propyl acetate, n-propyl propionate, n-butyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl propionate (EP), ethyl butyrate (EB), and a combination thereof.

[0079] The non-aqueous electrolyte solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may include carbonate. In various embodiments, at least one of the carbonates may be a linear carbonate, such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the carbonates may be a cyclic carbonate, such as ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC) and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the cyclic carbonate may be ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the linear carbonate may be a dialkyl carbonate. In various embodiments, the dialkyl carbonate may be dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the dialkyl carbonate may be dimethyl carbonate (DMC).

[0080] As for other non-aqueous solvents, suitable examples include one or more selected from the following: cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; linear ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane and 1,2-dibutoxyethane; amides such as dimethylformamide; sulfones such as tetrahydrothiophene sulfone; and lactones such as γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone and α-angelica lactone.

[0081] Exemplary non-aqueous solvents include at least one fluorinated solvent. The fluorinated solvent can be selected from the following substances: ethyl difluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, N,N-dimethyltrifluoroacetamide, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis(fluoromethyl) carbonate, difluoromethyl methyl carbonate, 2-fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, difluoromethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, 2,2-difluoroethyl methyl carbonate, bis(2-fluoroethyl) carbonate (DFDEC), ethyl-(2,2-difluoroethyl) carbonate, bis(2,2-difluoroethyl) carbonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, fluorine-containing ethers (e.g., H(CF2)2CH2O(CF2)2H, CF3CF2CH2O(CF2)2H, H(CF2)2CH2OCF2CFHCF3, CF3(CH2)2OCF2CFHCF3) and combinations thereof.

[0082] In various embodiments, the non-aqueous solvent may include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propyl propionate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl difluoroacetate, or a combination thereof. In various embodiments, the non-aqueous solvent may further include: a fluorinated solvent, such as N,N-dimethyltrifluoroacetamide; a solvent containing a phosphoric acid group, such as trimethyl phosphate (TMP); an ionic liquid, such as an imidazolium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a tetraalkylammonium cation (such as N(Et)4 + ), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4 - ), hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6 - ), dicyanamide anion (dca), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anion, or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion; or a combination thereof.

[0083] The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery of the present disclosure may further include at least one additive known in the art to inhibit the reaction of high Ni compounds in the positive electrode, reduce gas generation and extend the life of the lithium ion battery. At least one additive may be specifically selected to inhibit the flammability of the electrolyte. Suitable additives include propane sultone, vinylene carbonate, trimethylsilane (TMS), trimethyl phosphate, adiponitrile, ethyl difluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate and combinations thereof.

[0084] The non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may contain 0.001 wt % to 1.5 wt % of each additive. In various embodiments, the exemplary electrolyte may contain 0.01 wt % to 3.0 wt % of each additive, 0.05 wt % to 3.0 wt % of each additive, 0.05 wt % to 2.5 wt % of each additive, 0.1 wt % to 2.5 wt % of each additive, 0.1 wt % to 2.0 wt % of each additive, 0.25 wt % to 2.0 wt % of each additive, 0.25 wt % to 1.5 wt % of each additive, 0.5 wt % to 1.5 wt % of each additive, or 0.5 wt % to 1.0 wt % of each additive. In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may contain no more than 3.0 wt% of each additive, no more than 2.5 wt% of each additive, no more than 2.0 wt% of each additive, no more than 1.5 wt% of each additive, no more than 1.0 wt% of each additive, no more than 0.5 wt% of each additive, no more than 0.25 wt% of each additive, no more than 0.05 wt% of each additive, no more than 0.01 wt% of each additive, or no more than 0.001 wt% of each additive. In various embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may contain no less than 0.001 wt% of each additive, no less than 0.01 wt% of each additive, no less than 0.05 wt% of each additive, no less than 0.1 wt% of each additive, no less than 0.25 wt% of each additive, no less than 0.5 wt% of each additive, no less than 1.0 wt% of each additive, no less than 1.5 wt% of each additive, no less than 2.0 wt% of each additive, no less than 2.5 wt% of each additive, or no less than 3.0 wt% of each additive.

[0085] The nonaqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. III. Lithium-ion battery cells and battery packs

[0086] Examples of lithium-ion battery cells that may include lithium-ion battery components (positive electrode, negative electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte) are provided below.

[0087] Figure 1 A battery cell 30 for a pouch cell is shown, comprising a first electrode sheet 31 and a second electrode sheet 32, wherein the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet are laminated on respective sides of a polymer-based separator substrate 33. Connecting tabs / ribbons 34 and 35 are connected to the respective first electrode sheet 31 and second electrode sheet 32. The first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 ​​can be any lithium polymer battery negative electrode and positive electrode combination known in the art. The polymer separator 33 can be a dry solid polymer electrolyte, or a porous or microporous polymer substrate containing a lithium-based electrolyte.

[0088] Figure 2 A battery cell pouch 301 is shown, made of, for example, an aluminum laminate film, which is folded around a lithium-ion battery cell 30 and sealed along three adjacent edges 302, 303, 304. Connecting tabs / ribbons 34 and 35 protrude from the pouch between the sealed sides of the film. In the battery pack of the present disclosure, a plurality of pouch-type battery cells 30 ( Figure 1-2 ) can be stacked in interconnected groups, where the tabs 34, 35 of each battery cell 30 can be connected in series and / or in parallel. The resistance of the connection between the terminal tabs 34, 35 of each adjacent battery 30 must be lower than the internal resistance of the battery 30, and preferably has a very low resistance to prevent heating at the seams of the interconnections between the batteries 30.

[0089] Figure 3 A cylindrical (wound) battery cell 100 is shown. The battery cell 100 is formed by rolling together a negative electrode sheet, a positive electrode sheet, and an insulating sheet, and may be referred to as a wound battery cell. The battery cell 100 may be tab-free or tab-bearing. In some embodiments, an insulating sheet 105 may be disposed outside the battery cell 100. For example, the insulating sheet 105 may be made of a diaphragm film, and the diaphragm film may be the same as the diaphragm film used as an insulating sheet, wherein the insulating sheet is wound together with the electrodes in the battery cell 100. An uncoated portion 110 of an electrode (e.g., a negative electrode and / or a positive electrode) is provided at a first end of the battery cell 100. The uncoated portion 110 may be provided with at least one channel 120 that provides a permeation path for an electrolyte.

[0090] The battery cell 100 may have a nominal voltage between about 1 V and about 5 V, and a nominal capacity between about 1 Ah and 5 Ah or more (eg, up to about 9 Ah). The battery cell 100 may have a variety of rechargeable chemistries.

[0091] Figure 4 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a battery cell 500 according to some embodiments. The battery cell 500 may be Figure 3 The battery cell 100 shown in FIG. 5 is substantially the same. The battery cell 500 includes a rolled electrode assembly 505, a first friction region 510a, a second friction region 510b, an uncoated portion 515, and channels 520a, 520b, 520c. As described above, an electrolyte (not shown) is typically introduced into the concentric layers of the electrode assembly 505. The electrolyte facilitates the movement of lithium ions between the negative electrode sheet and the positive electrode sheet.

[0092] Figure 5An exemplary electrode sheet included in an exemplary non-electrode tab electrode assembly 300 is shown. Typically, the non-electrode tab electrode assembly may not include a conventional battery tab, which is attached to the negative electrode and the positive electrode and connects the negative electrode and the positive electrode to the battery terminal. A battery design with a tab configuration may increase resistance due to the required tabs, resulting in a reduced current capacity of the battery. Therefore, a non-electrode tab electrode assembly such as a non-electrode tab electrode assembly 300 may have a reduced resistance between the output terminal and the negative electrode and / or the positive electrode, thereby exceeding the battery configuration with tabs in current capacity. The electrode assembly 300 includes a negative electrode sheet 305, a diaphragm sheet 315, and a positive electrode sheet 320. The diaphragm sheet 315 is sandwiched between the negative electrode sheet 305 and the positive electrode sheet 320. The diaphragm sheet 315 is a medium that allows ions to pass between the negative electrode sheet 305 and the positive electrode sheet 320. For example, in a lithium-ion battery cell, the diaphragm sheet 315 allows lithium ions to pass while preventing electrons from passing. In various embodiments, the diaphragm 315 can have a thickness of 20 microns. However, thicknesses greater than 20 microns or less than 20 microns are also contemplated. In various embodiments, the diaphragm 315 can be made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or other materials suitable for a particular application.

[0093] Figure 6 and Figure 7 The focus is on batteries with tabs, and the tabs are attached to the negative and / or positive electrodes, wherein the tabs connect the negative and / or positive electrodes to the battery terminals. Figure 6 The positive electrode tab arrangement is shown, where the tabs are arranged in an aligned manner. Figure 7 The cathode tab arrangement is shown, where the tabs are arranged in a radial pattern.

[0094] Figure 8 A prismatic cell 10 is shown having an outer housing comprised of a shell 12 and a cover 14. The shell has a length L, a width W, and an overall thickness T. When the prismatic cell is assembled, the cover 14 is pressed into the shell 12 and welded along a seam 16 to seal the cell. Contact points 18a and 18b assembled in holes in the cover 14 are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, within the cell. The contacts are insulated from the case so that the case of the cell is case neutral. Both the cover 14 and the shell 12 are made of stamped 304 metal.

[0095] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 Alternative folding arrangements for electrode stacking in a prismatic cell are shown. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown in , the stacked electrode sheets of the prismatic battery can be folded back and forth ( Fig. 9 ) or roll it up ( Fig.10 ). Fig. 9The configuration of the middle electrode stack 54 with a 180-degree bend (56) can be called fan-shaped folding (i.e., accordion folding, zigzag folding), and Fig.10 The electrode stack 58 in FIG. 5 may be referred to as a flat-wound wrap (WFW).

[0096] The lithium-ion batteries of the present disclosure can provide different watt-hours per liter (Wh / L). In various embodiments, the lithium-ion battery cells provide at least 300Wh / L. In various embodiments, the lithium-ion batteries of the present disclosure provide at least 350Wh / L, at least 375Wh / L, at least 400Wh / L, at least 425Wh / L, at least 450Wh / L, at least 475Wh / L, at least 500Wh / L, at least 525Wh / L, at least 550Wh / L, at least 575Wh / L, at least 600Wh / L, at least 625Wh / L, at least 650Wh / L, at least 675Wh / L, at least 700Wh / L, at least 725Wh / L, at least 750Wh / L, at least 775Wh / L, or at least 800Wh / L.

[0097] The lithium ion batteries of the present disclosure can output different kilowatt-hours per liter (KWh / L). In various embodiments, the lithium ion battery cells output at least 4.0 KWh / L. In various embodiments, the lithium ion batteries of the present disclosure output at least 4.25 KWh / L, at least 4.50 KWh / L, at least 4.75 KWh / L, at least 5.0 KWh / L, at least 5.25 KWh / L, at least 5.50 KWh / L, at least 5.75 KWh / L, at least 6.0 KWh / L, at least 6.25 KWh / L, at least 6.50 KWh / L, at least 6.75 KWh / L, at least 7.0 KWh / L, at least 7.25 KWh / L, at least 7.50 KWh / L, at least 7.75 KWh / L, at least 8.0 KWh / L, at least 8.25 KWh / L, at least 8.50 KWh / L, at least 8.75 KWh / L, or at least 9.00 KWh / L. An exemplary lithium-ion battery of the present disclosure outputs 4.5 KWh / L to 8.5 KWh / L.

[0098] The lithium-ion battery cell of the present disclosure may be included in a battery pack. The battery pack of the present disclosure includes at least one cylindrical (wound) battery with or without tabs, a pouch battery (wrap-around / rolled battery in a flexible bag package), or a prismatic battery (wrap-around / rolled battery in a rigid package). The battery cells in the battery pack may be connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0099] The lithium-ion battery and battery pack disclosed herein can be manufactured using methods known to those skilled in the art. The battery pack disclosed herein can be constructed in various ways, depending on the specific battery pack and the intended use of the battery pack. For example, a lithium-ion battery cell core (or stack) can be coupled to a circuit board and a terminal block and placed inside an outer shell. The outer shell may include a rigid plastic. The outer shell may further include a less rigid (i.e., softer) overmolding (e.g., rubber), which can be used to protect the battery pack disclosed herein from impact. In various embodiments, the battery pack disclosed herein includes a top shell, a bottom shell, a battery pad, a plurality of battery cells, a wiring harness, and a circuit board, as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,764,852, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0100] Figure 11-14 Perspective views of various exemplary battery packs containing lithium-ion battery cells are shown.

[0101] Fig.11 An exemplary battery pack 11 (eg, Milwaukee Tool A battery pack) includes a housing assembly 12 having a cord receiving structure or cord receiver 18. The housing assembly 12 includes an upper housing portion 14 and a lower housing portion 16. The housing assembly 12 is configured to couple the upper housing portion 14 to the lower housing portion 16 and define a cavity or groove 32 in the inner surface of the housing assembly 12. The upper housing portion 14 and the lower housing portion 16 can be molded from a plastic material such as polyethylene. The upper housing portion 14 and the lower housing portion 16 can be made of the same or different materials. The upper housing portion 14 can be attached to the lower housing portion 16 to form a battery housing assembly 12. The housing assembly 12 includes a vertical axis passing through the midpoint of the housing. The vertical axis divides the housing into a first side and a second side (e.g., a front and a rear). The housing assembly 12 includes a horizontal axis passing through the midpoint of the housing assembly 12, and the horizontal axis divides the housing assembly 12 into an upper half and a lower half. In some specific embodiments, the upper half corresponds to the upper housing portion 14, and the lower half corresponds to the lower housing portion 16. In other embodiments, the upper housing portion 14 and the lower housing portion 16 are coupled above or below a horizontal axis. The housing assembly 12 may include a cord receiver 18, a power tool receiver 20, a status indicator 22, a buffer 24, one or more battery cells 26 enclosed within the housing assembly, and / or other components. Fig.12As shown in , the housing assembly 12 includes a cord receiver 18 for connecting a cord to the battery 11. The cord receiver 18 can be formed on the side of the battery opposite the power tool receiver 20. In some specific embodiments, the cord receiver 18 includes a lip or protrusion 28 extending outward from the wall. The receiver further includes a bridge portion 34 extending through the protrusion 28 and forming an opening 36. The opening 36 completely passes through the protrusion 28 to allow a cord or rope to be connected to the cord receiver 18 and / or pass through the cord receiver 18. The battery pack 11 can function as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020 / 0227695, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0102] Fig.13 An exemplary battery pack 13 (e.g., Milwaukee Tool 100) is shown that can be removably and interchangeably connected to a tool to provide power during operation and facilitate charging of the battery pack 13 when not in use. The battery pack 13 may function as described in U.S. Application No. 10,276,844 and be designed as described in this application, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0103] In some constructions, the battery pack 13 can be used with other types of cordless battery-powered tools or devices not specifically discussed in the present application. The battery pack 13 shown includes a housing 62, an outer shell 60 coupled to the housing 62, and a plurality of battery cells positioned within the housing 62. The shape and size of the housing 62 are designed to fit the cavity 16 of the tool to connect the battery pack 13 to the tool. The housing 62 includes an end cap 66 to substantially enclose the battery cell 64 within the housing 62. In one construction, the battery circuit operates as shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 7,157,882, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In another construction, the battery circuit operates as shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 7,589,500, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0104] Fig.14 15 shows a battery pack 14 and 14' similar to the battery pack and interface described and shown in US Pat. No. 11,179,841 (eg, Milwaukee tool MX The entire contents of this patent are incorporated into this application by reference. The battery packs 14 and 14' can be any type of battery pack (for example, a battery pack including a single battery string (1P), two parallel battery strings (2P), or three parallel battery strings (3P)).

[0105] The above description of specific aspects so fully reveals the general nature of the technology that others can easily modify and / or change these specific aspects to adapt to various applications by applying the knowledge in the art without departing from the general concept of the present disclosure, without unnecessary experimentation. Therefore, based on the teachings and instructions provided in this application, such modifications and modifications should be within the meaning and equivalents of the disclosed aspects. It should be understood that the words or terms in this application are for descriptive purposes only and not for limiting purposes. Therefore, those skilled in the art should interpret the terms or words in this specification in accordance with the teachings and instructions.

[0106] The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary aspects, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

[0107] For completeness, various aspects of the present disclosure are set forth in the following numbered embodiments (embodiment 1 is indicated as E1, embodiment 2 is indicated as E2, etc.): E1. A wound lithium-ion battery cell comprising: A positive electrode comprising a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.83≤x≤0.999; a negative electrode comprising an active material comprising carbon; and Non-aqueous electrolytes. E2. The wound lithium-ion battery cell of E1, wherein the negative electrode further comprises silicon. E3. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to E1 or E2, wherein the negative electrode comprises at least 4 wt % silicon. E4. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E3, wherein the battery provides at least 650 watt-hours / liter (Wh / L). E5. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E4, wherein the battery provides at least 700Wh / L. E6. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E5, wherein the battery output is not less than 7.5 kilowatt-hours / liter (KWh / L). E7. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1 to E6, wherein the battery output is not less than 8.0 KWh / L. E8. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E7, wherein the battery output is not less than 8.5 KWh / L. E9. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E8, wherein the positive electrode provides not less than 1.9 watt-hours / cubic centimeter (Wh / cc). E10. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E9, wherein the positive electrode discharge is not less than 35 mA / cm 2 . E11. A wound lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E1-E10, wherein the positive electrode discharge is not less than 38 mA / cm 2 E12. A battery pack, comprising: At least one lithium-ion battery cell, the at least one lithium-ion battery cell comprising: A positive electrode comprising a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.83≤x≤0.999; a negative electrode comprising an active material comprising carbon; and Non-aqueous electrolytes. E13. A battery pack according to E12, wherein at least one lithium-ion battery cell is at least two lithium battery cells connected in series. E14. A battery pack according to E12 or E13, wherein at least one lithium-ion battery cell is at least two lithium battery cells connected in parallel. E15. A battery pack according to any one of E12-E14, wherein the negative electrode further comprises at least 4 wt% silicon. E16. A lithium-ion battery cell, comprising: A positive electrode comprising a mixed metal oxide active material, the mixed metal oxide LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.83≤x≤0.999; A negative electrode comprising an active material comprising carbon and at least 4 wt% silicon; and Non-aqueous electrolytes. E17. A lithium-ion battery cell according to E16, wherein the lithium-ion battery cell provides at least 400Wh / L. E18. A lithium-ion battery cell according to E16 or E17, wherein the lithium-ion battery cell provides at least 450 Wh / L. E19. A lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E16-E18, wherein the output of the lithium-ion battery cell is not less than 4.5 KWh / L. E20. A lithium-ion battery cell according to any one of E16-E19, wherein the positive electrode discharge is not less than 35 mA / cm 2 .

Claims

1. A wound lithium-ion battery cell, comprising: A positive electrode comprising a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.83≤x≤0.999; a negative electrode comprising an active material comprising carbon; and Non-aqueous electrolytes.

2. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative electrode further comprises silicon.

3. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The negative electrode comprises at least 4 wt % silicon.

4. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery provides at least 650 Watt-hours per liter (Wh / L).

5. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery provides at least 700Wh / L.

6. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery output is not less than 7.5 kilowatt-hours per liter (KWh / L).

7. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery output is not less than 8.0 KWh / L.

8. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery output is not less than 8.5 KWh / L.

9. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode provides no less than 1.9 watt-hours per cubic centimeter (Wh / cc).

10. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode discharge is not less than 35mA / cm 2 .

11. The wound lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode discharge is not less than 38mA / cm 2 .

12. A battery pack comprising: At least one lithium-ion battery cell, the at least one lithium-ion battery cell comprising: A positive electrode comprising a mixed metal oxide active material having the following chemical formula: LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Wherein, M' is at least one metal element, and 0.83≤x≤0.999; a negative electrode comprising an active material comprising carbon; and Non-aqueous electrolytes.

13. The battery pack according to claim 12, characterized in that: The at least one lithium-ion battery cell is at least two lithium battery cells connected in series.

14. The battery pack according to claim 12, characterized in that: The at least one lithium-ion battery cell is at least two lithium battery cells connected in parallel.

15. The battery pack according to claim 12, characterized in that: The negative electrode further comprises at least 4 wt % silicon.

16. A lithium-ion battery cell comprising: A positive electrode comprising a mixed metal oxide active material, the mixed metal oxide LiNi x M' (1-x) O2 Characterized in that M' is at least one metal element, and 0.83≤x≤0.999; A negative electrode comprising an active material comprising carbon and at least 4 wt% silicon; and Non-aqueous electrolytes.

17. The lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 16, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery cell provides at least 400Wh / L.

18. The lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 16, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery cell provides at least 450Wh / L.

19. The lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 16, characterized in that: The output of the lithium-ion battery unit is not less than 4.5 KWh / L.

20. The lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 16, characterized in that The positive electrode discharge is not less than 35mA / cm 2 .

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