Artificial feed and breeding method for noctuid noctuid

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial feed and a breeding method for eriogramma agnalis. The artificial feed comprises artificially treated fern leaves. Artificial feed is applied to the artificial breeding method of the European eria agnata, and the artificial breeding method comprises the following steps: breeding the European eria agnata eggs in a first culture box to obtain newly hatched larvae; the newly hatched larvae are fed with artificial feed, single-head feeding is conducted on the newly hatched larvae, and the chrysalis aurata pupae are obtained; pupae to adults: putting the spodoptera exigua pupae into a second culture box for eclosion to obtain spodoptera exigua adults; and adult egg formation: performing male and female mixing on the adult spodoptera exigua in a third culture box, so that the adult spodoptera exigua copulates to obtain the spodoptera exigua eggs. The survival rate of the larvae obtained through the breeding method is 95% + / -5%, the eclosion rate of pupae is 82% + / -2%, the blank of an artificial breeding method for the East China European Procambusa exigua is filled, and a large number of experimental insects are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial breeding of moths, and particularly relates to an artificial feed and a breeding method for Spodoptera exigua. Background Art

[0002] Pteridophytes include Lycopodiopsida (lycophytes) and Polypodiophyta, and are the second largest vascular plant group, second only to angiosperms. Before the flourishing of angiosperms, ferns were the main food source for insects. According to literature statistics, there are as many as 809 species of insects that use ferns as a food source.

[0003] Ferns are widely used in landscape appreciation, medicine, and food. Ferns have beautiful plant shapes and unique shapes, and their leaf shapes and colors have extremely high ornamental value. Due to their diversity, ferns can be used for road greening, forest landscape, ground cover greening, and vertical greening of buildings outdoors; they can also be used as flower wall decorations indoors, or potted plants to beautify the indoor environment. The medicinal value of ferns should not be underestimated. For example, the scales of golden dog can stop bleeding from knife wounds, and the rhizomes can nourish the liver and kidneys, strengthen the waist and knees, eliminate rheumatism and diuresis; the oak fern can nourish bones and relieve pain, and treat rheumatism and numbness; the rhizomes of Guanzhong can treat abdominal pain caused by worms, influenza, etc., and are also used as insecticides; black fern can treat bacillary dysentery, acute enteritis, sores and snake bites; knotweed can treat suppurative osteomyelitis; the whole plant of Lycopodium can be used as medicine to relax muscles and activate blood circulation, dispel wind and cold, and diuresis and relieve fever. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 70 edible ferns in my country, belonging to 22 families. Edible ferns have high nutritional value, containing a variety of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, crude fiber and trace elements that are important to the human body. Some of them also have medicinal value, containing active substances such as phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids.

[0004] Callopistria belongs to the family Noctuidae in the order Lepidoptera. It is a cosmopolitan genus that includes about 133 described species, 13 subspecies and about 100 undescribed species, making it one of the largest genera in the family Noctuidae. The larvae of Callopistria are oligophagous insects that feed exclusively on ferns. They are one of the only two fern-eating groups found in the order Lepidoptera.

[0005] Callopistria japonibia Inoue & Sugi is a member of the genus Callopistria. Its larvae are found to feed on a variety of ferns, including Onychium japonicum (Pteridaceae), Hypolepis tenuifolia (Dennstaedtiaceae), Microlepia speluncae (Dennstaedtiaceae), Microlepia.strigosa (Dennstaedtiaceae), Arachniodes pseudo-aristata (Dryopteridaceae), and other economically valuable ferns, posing a certain threat to the growth of these ferns.

[0006] At present, there are few studies on the life history and artificial breeding techniques of fern-eating insects. So far, no research has pointed out the life history of any species in the genus Spodoptera, the morphological characteristics of its life stages, and the artificial breeding methods. The Japanese scattered armyworm is very easy to be confused with the rivularis scattered armyworm (C. rivularis), which can easily lead to misjudgment in pest control methods. Therefore, it is necessary to describe the morphology of the Japanese scattered armyworm at each stage of its life history and establish a standardized artificial breeding method for the Japanese scattered armyworm, in order to fill the gap in the artificial breeding method of the Japanese scattered armyworm. The establishment of this method can provide experimental materials for in-depth research on the biology, ecology and pesticide control technology of the Japanese scattered armyworm, especially for the screening of effective pesticides for the prevention and control of the Japanese scattered armyworm, and independent research on the effects of pesticides. It provides a large number of experimental insects of the Japanese scattered armyworm at different stages, providing an important basis and strong guarantee for effectively controlling the damage caused by fern-eating insects such as the Japanese scattered armyworm to ferns. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to establish a standardized artificial breeding method for the Japanese scattered armyworm, to effectively control the damage of the Japanese scattered armyworm, to provide experimental materials for in-depth research on the biology, ecology and pesticide control technology of the Japanese scattered armyworm, and to solve the technical problem:

[0008] A first aspect of the present invention provides an artificial feed for breeding Spodoptera japonica, comprising artificially processed fern leaves.

[0009] Furthermore, the manual processing includes picking, screening, washing, crushing, grinding or mixing; picking is to select fresh, pest-free and well-growing fern leaves for picking; screening is to screen the picked fern leaves, remove old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves and impurities, and ensure the quality of the fern leaves; washing is to clean the screened fern leaves with clean water to remove dust, dirt or pesticide residues on the surface; crushing is to crush the washed fern leaves to make the fern leaves in small particles; grinding is to grind the crushed fern leaves into a homogenate and mix it with other feed ingredients.

[0010] Furthermore, the fern leaves are selected from one or more of Pteris cretica, Pteris slender-leaved or Pteris pubescens.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a culture box for breeding Spodoptera littoralis, wherein the culture box for breeding Spodoptera littoralis comprises artificial feed.

[0012] Furthermore, the culture box also includes a hygroscopic material for maintaining the humidity of the culture box; the hygroscopic material includes one or more of gauze, cotton or cloth strips.

[0013] The third aspect of the present invention provides an artificial breeding method for the Japanese scattered armyworm, which uses artificial feed. The artificial breeding method for the Japanese scattered armyworm comprises the following steps: from eggs to newly hatched larvae: placing Japanese scattered armyworm eggs in a first culture box for breeding to obtain newly hatched larvae; from newly hatched larvae to pupae: feeding newly hatched larvae with artificial feed, and raising the newly hatched larvae individually to obtain Japanese scattered armyworm pupae; from pupae to adults: placing Japanese scattered armyworm pupae in a second culture box for molting to obtain Japanese scattered armyworm adults; and from adults to eggs: mixing male and female Japanese scattered armyworm adults in a third culture box to allow the Japanese scattered armyworm adults to mate and obtain Japanese scattered armyworm eggs.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps of transforming eggs into newly hatched larvae are: placing the eggs of Spodoptera japonica in a first culture box for culture; the first culture box includes artificially processed fern leaves for the newly hatched larvae to feed on.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific steps of transforming newly hatched larvae into pupae are as follows: when the newly hatched larvae crawl onto the artificial feed and / or stably grow to the 2nd to 3rd instar in the first culture box, the newly hatched larvae are transferred to a six-well plate for single-head rearing to obtain the pupae of the Japanese loose-leaved armyworm; the first culture box includes artificially treated fern leaves; the six-well plate includes artificially treated fern leaves; and wet cotton balls are arranged in the gaps of the six-well plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of transforming from pupa to adult are: placing the pupae of Spodoptera exigua in a second culture box for culture; the second culture box comprises 10 pupae of Spodoptera exigua and moisture absorbing materials.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific steps of transforming adults into eggs are as follows: mixing male and female adults of Spodoptera exigua in a third culture box; allowing the adults of Spodoptera exigua to mate and lay eggs to obtain eggs of Spodoptera exigua; the ratio of male and female mixing is 6:5; the third culture box includes egg paper and nutrients; the nutrients are honey water with a concentration of 10%, and the nutrients are soaked on cotton balls; a layer of gauze is covered between the third culture box and the third culture box cover to increase the air permeability of the third culture box while maintaining the humidity of the third culture box.

[0018] Furthermore, the breeding conditions of Spodoptera exigua are: temperature 27±0.5°C, relative humidity 70%±10%, photoperiod L:D=14:10, and light intensity 5000Lux.

[0019] Furthermore, the entire developmental cycle of the Japanese loose-leaved armyworm is 37-42 days; the entire developmental cycle includes the 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar, 5th instar, prepupal stage, pupal stage and adult stage; the 1st instar lasts for 3.22±0.63 days; the 2nd instar lasts for 2.11±0.31 days; the 3rd instar lasts for 2.29±0.61 days; the 4th instar lasts for 3.38±0.65 days; the 5th instar lasts for 3.58±0.61 days; the prepupal stage lasts for 4.45±0.5 days; the pupal stage lasts for 12.88±0.93 days; and the adult stage lasts for 4.96±1.30 days.

[0020] Furthermore, the average survival rate of newly hatched larvae of Spodoptera exigua was 95%±5%; the average emergence rate of pupae of Spodoptera exigua was 82%±2%.

[0021] The adaptability of the Japanese spodoptera moth to the ferns of the genus Pteris and the artificial breeding method disclosed in the present invention can enable the Japanese spodoptera moth to grow and develop normally and complete succession under artificial breeding conditions using Pteris as a food source. The feeding pattern of the Japanese spodoptera moth on ferns is revealed, and an artificial breeding system of the Japanese spodoptera moth using Pteris as a food source is successfully established, and the survival rate of newly hatched larvae is 95%±5% on average, and the pupal emergence rate is 82%±2% on average. The invention fills the gap in the artificial breeding method of the Japanese spodoptera moth, provides experimental materials for in-depth research on the biology, ecology and pesticide control technology of the Japanese spodoptera moth, especially provides a large number of experimental insects of the Japanese spodoptera moth at various stages for the screening of effective pesticides for the prevention and control of the Japanese spodoptera moth, and independent research on the effects of pesticides, etc., and provides an important basis and strong guarantee for effectively controlling the damage caused by fern-feeding insects such as the Japanese spodoptera moth to ferns. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above content and the following specific embodiments of the present invention will be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are only examples of the technical solutions claimed for protection.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the device for feeding fern plants to Spodoptera exigua in Example 1 (wherein the control group was fed with Pteris fasciata; the first group was fed with Pteris septempunctata; the second group was fed with Pteris spheniscus; and the third group was fed with Lygodium japonicum);

[0024] Figure 2 This is a phylogenetic tree of feeding and pupation of Spodoptera exigua after feeding on ferns and angiosperms in Example 1 (wherein blue represents no feeding and no pupation; red represents feeding and pupation; and yellow represents feeding but no pupation);

[0025] Figure 3 This is a relationship diagram between the death rate of Spodoptera exigua feeding on ferns and the genetic distance of Pteris fasciata in Example 1 (wherein the abscissa is the genetic distance and the ordinate is the death rate; blue dots represent the death rate of Spodoptera exigua feeding on Polypodiaceae; red dots represent the death rate of Spodoptera exigua feeding on the basal groups of ferns except Polypodiaceae; green dots represent the death rate of Spodoptera exigua feeding on Lycopodiaceae);

[0026] Figure 4a This is a relative feeding rate index measurement chart of the Spodoptera exigua feeding on different ferns in Example 2 (wherein the horizontal axis is the fern species; HP is Pteris fasciata; HT is Pteris slender-leaved; HR is Pteris pubescens; the vertical axis is the relative feeding rate RCR; * represents significant; ** or *** represents extremely significant);

[0027] Figure 4b This is a relative growth rate index determination diagram of the Spodoptera exigua feeding on different ferns in Example 2 (wherein the abscissa is the type of fern; HP is Pteris fasciata; HT is Pteris slender-leaved; HR is Pteris pubescens; the ordinate is the relative growth rate RGR; * represents significant; ** or *** represents extremely significant);

[0028] Figure 4c This is a food utilization index determination diagram of the Spodoptera exigua after feeding on different ferns in Example 2 (wherein the horizontal axis is the fern species; HP is Pteris fasciata; HT is Pteris slender-leaved; HR is Pteris pubescens; the vertical axis is food utilization rate ECI; * represents significant; ** or *** represents extremely significant);

[0029] Figure 4dThis is a graph showing the food digestibility index of Spodoptera exigua feeding on different ferns in Example 2 (wherein the horizontal axis is the species of ferns; HP is Pteris serrata; HT is Pteris serrata; HR is Pteris tricholoma; the vertical axis is the food digestibility ECD; * represents significant; ** or *** represents extremely significant);

[0030] Figure 4e This is a graph showing the approximate digestibility index of Spodoptera exigua feeding on different ferns in Example 2 (wherein the abscissa is the species of ferns; HP is Pteris serrata; HT is Pteris serrata; HR is Pteris tricholoma; the ordinate is the approximate digestibility AD; * represents significant; ** or *** represents extremely significant);

[0031] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the rearing process from the larvae to pupae of the Spodoptera exigua in Example 3;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the rearing process of the pupa of the eastern loosestrife armyworm to its emergence into an adult in Example 3;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the rearing process of the Spodoptera exigua adults to eggs in Example 3;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the rearing process from eggs to newly hatched larvae of the eastern loosestrife armyworm in Example 3;

[0035] Fig. 9 The diagram of the egg development process of the Spodoptera exigua in Example 3 (wherein A is the state of the eggs on the day of egg-laying; B is the state of the eggs 1 day after egg-laying; C is the state of the eggs 2 days after egg-laying; D is the state of the eggs 3 days after egg-laying; E is the state of the eggs within 5 hours before hatching; scale bar is 0.1 mm);

[0036] Fig.10 It is a ring diagram of the developmental period of Spodoptera exigua in each stage in Example 3 (the direction of the ring diagram is clockwise);

[0037] Fig.11 The side and head morphology of the 1-5th instar larvae of the Eastern loose leaf armyworm in Example 3 (wherein A is the side of the 1st instar larvae; B is the side of the 2nd instar larvae; C is the side of the 3rd instar larvae; D is the side of the 4th instar larvae; E is the side of the 5th instar larvae; the scales of A to E are all 1 mm; a is the head of the 1st instar larvae; b is the head of the 2nd instar larvae; c is the head of the 3rd instar larvae; d is the head of the 4th instar larvae; e is the head of the 5th instar larvae; the scales of a to e are all 0.2 mm;);

[0038] Fig.12The morphological diagram of the prepupal and pupa stages of the Spodoptera exigua in Example 3 (where A is the reddish-brown prepupal stage; B is the green prepupal stage; C is the early pupa; D is the late pupa; the scale bar is 1 mm);

[0039] Fig.13 The morphological diagram of the adult stage of Spodoptera exigua in Example 3 (wherein A is the back of the male adult; B is the back of the female adult; C is the ventral surface of the male adult; D is the ventral surface of the female adult; scale bar is 0.5 cm);

[0040] Fig.14 This is a body length growth curve of the 1st to 5th instar larvae of the eastern loosestrife armyworm in Example 3 (wherein the abscissa is time, in days; the ordinate is body length, in mm; dots of different colors represent the 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar and 5th instar, respectively);

[0041] Fig.15 This is a diagram of the process of group rearing of Spodoptera exigua larvae in the comparative example (wherein the red arrows indicate dead Spodoptera exigua larvae). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the specific implementation modes below, and the contents are sufficient to enable any person skilled in the art to understand the technical contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. Moreover, according to the description, claims and drawings disclosed in this specification, those skilled in the art can easily understand the relevant objects and advantages of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0045] (1) Source of sample materials

[0046] In the present embodiment, the larvae of Spodoptera exigua were collected from the Fern Garden of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Songjiang District, Shanghai (31°04'26.9"N, 121°10'52.8"E).

[0047] (2) Sources of reagents, consumables and instruments

[0048] The culture dishes were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., catalog number: F611004-0001;

[0049] Six-well cell culture plates were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., catalog number: F603201-0001;

[0050] The second culture box was purchased from Shaoxing Shangyu Tianke Horticultural Products Factory Co., Ltd., item number: zp13-280;

[0051] The first and third culture boxes were purchased from Lock&Lock, model: HPL836;

[0052] The camera was purchased from Sony, product number: RX10IV;

[0053] Medical absorbent cotton was purchased from Shanghai Daidi Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.;

[0054] Gauze was purchased from Cofu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., A1 sterile type (80 cm × 100 cm);

[0055] The incubator was purchased from Shanghai Yiheng Technology Co., Ltd., model MGC-450HP-2.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Screening of the feeding habits of Spodoptera exigua, the specific reference is as follows:

[0058] About 60 species of ferns were selected. The ferns were sampled in advance in the fern garden of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden. An appropriate amount of leaves were cut from each plant and placed in a ziplock bag and temporarily stored in a 4°C refrigerator for subsequent experiments. Leaves of 3-5 species from different orders of more than 60 clustering plants were taken and placed in a petri dish to feed 2-4 instar larvae of Spodoptera japonica. At the same time, a few angiosperms (Agaricus gracilis (Hamamelidaceae), Abacus chinensis (Euphorbiaceae), 'Helix' Lusan (Moraceae), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Asteraceae), Celastrus dahliae (Celastraceae), 'Li Tu Man' Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae), 'Min Rousa' Hibiscus (Malvaceae), Fleabane (Asteraceae), Prunus sericea (Rosaceae) and other 9 angiosperms) were also fed. The petri dish was placed in an artificial climate box, and the temperature was set at 27±0.5℃, the relative humidity was 70%±10%, and the photoperiod was L:D=14:10. Ten larvae were fed with each of the above plants, and the number of larvae eating, pupating and surviving was recorded every 2-3 days until all the larvae died or pupated. The records are shown in Table 1. The device for feeding fern with Spodoptera japonica is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0059] At the same time, during the feeding period, the presence of bite marks and feces was used to determine whether the larvae had eaten. If one of the 10 larvae fed survived to pupation, it was recorded as pupation. The V.Phylo Maker 2 package in R language was used to build a phylogenetic tree based on the latest species list, and the two indicators of feeding and pupation were combined and marked on the phylogenetic tree (such as Figure 2 As shown). The number of survivors that changes with time was converted into the death rate for analysis. Assume that the number of survivors changes with time in a linear regression model: y=k1x+b. The feeding time is the independent variable, and the number of survivors is the dependent variable. The linear regression slope k1 of the change in the number of survivals of the Japanese loose-leaved armyworm over time is calculated (the number of survivors gradually decreases with time, and k1 is a negative value). The slope k1 value is used to represent the death rate. The smaller the k1 value, the faster the death rate (as shown in Table 1). The genetic distance between each species and the fern was calculated using MEGA software. The death rate after the larvae fed on each species of fern and the genetic distance between each species and the fern were plotted as a linear regression curve using the R language ggplot2 package (as shown in Figure 3 shown).

[0060] Table 1 Record of various indicators of Spodoptera exigua feeding on ferns

[0061]

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Table 2 Phylogenetic signals of the feeding, pupation and mortality rates of Spodoptera exigua in different plant groups

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Figure 2 The results showed that the Japanese loose-leaved armyworm could feed on most ferns, but only the Polypodiaces group could both feed and pupate.

[0068] Table 1 and Figure 3 The results showed that the death rate of the larvae of the Japanese scattered moth after feeding on ferns was consistent with the genetic distance between each fern and the fern. The greater the genetic distance between each species and the fern, the smaller the slope k1 value, and the faster the death rate of the larvae after feeding. When the plants fed were grouped by group, it was found that the death rate of larvae feeding on the Polypodiaceae in ferns was slower, indicating that the Japanese scattered moth is more adaptable to the Polypodiaceae in ferns.

[0069] The results in Table 2 show that the closer the phylogenetic signal K2 value is to 1, the stronger and more conservative the phylogenetic signal is. Comparing the phylogenetic signals of the three traits in different groups, it was found that the two traits of feeding and pupation in the Polypodiaceae among ferns are more conservative than in the entire fern, and the phylogenetic signal K2 value of feeding can reach 0.8. The Polypodiaceae can be divided into two major groups: the basal group of the Polypodiaceae, Polypodia Ⅰ and Polypodia Ⅱ. Among these two major groups, the phylogenetic signal of feeding traits in the Polypodia Ⅰ and Polypodia Ⅱ groups is the strongest, with a K2 value of 1.24. The K value is greater than 1, and the p value is also 0.055, indicating that the feeding traits are conservative in the Polypodia Ⅰ and Polypodia Ⅱ groups. From the perspective of Polypodia Ⅰ and Polypodia Ⅱ, the K2 value of pupation traits in Polypodia Ⅱ is larger than that in Polypodia Ⅰ.

[0070] Therefore, subsequent experiments were conducted with ferns in the Polypodiaceae order.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The growth index of the fourth-instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua feeding on fern was measured. The specific reference steps are as follows:

[0073] 72 fourth-instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua were fed with three species of Pteris genus, namely, Pteris serrata, Pteris serrata and Pteris tricholoma. The fresh Pteris serrata leaves were fed to the fourth-instar larvae for 72 hours. Five nutritional indices that can reflect the growth status of Spodoptera exigua after Spodoptera exigua feeding on Pteris serrata for 72 hours were calculated according to the calculation formulas reported in the literature. These five nutritional indices are relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and approximate digestibility (AD). The calculation formulas of the five nutritional indices are shown in 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 as follows:

[0074]

[0075] At the same time, the initial dry weight of the 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua, the dry weight of feces after 72 hours of feeding, and the water content of the 4th and 5th instar larvae and the leaves of Pteris, Pteris slender-leaved, and Pteris pubescens were measured. Among them, the dry weight of the larvae after 72 hours of feeding, the dry weight of feces after 72 hours, and the dry weight of the remaining leaves were obtained by weighing after direct drying. The calculation formulas are shown in 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5 below:

[0076] Larvae dry weight change = larvae dry weight after 72 hours - larvae initial dry weight formula (2-1);

[0077] Initial dry weight of larvae = initial fresh weight of larvae (4th instar) × water content of 4th instar larvae (2-2);

[0078] Water content = (fresh weight - dry weight) ÷ fresh weight × 100% Formula (2-3);

[0079] Intake food dry weight = initial leaf dry weight - remaining leaf dry weight formula (2-4);

[0080] Initial leaf dry weight = initial leaf total fresh weight × leaf water content formula (2-5).

[0081] Growth index determination results such as Figure 4a , Figure 4b , Figure 4c , Figure 4d , Figure 4e As shown, it was found that the food utilization rate, relative feeding rate, relative growth rate and approximate digestibility of the 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua fed with fern, fine-leaved fern and dense-haired fern respectively showed significant differences among the five nutritional indicators: food utilization rate, relative feeding rate, relative growth rate and approximate digestibility. There were still significant differences in the food conversion rate of the larvae of Spodoptera exigua fed with fern and fine-leaved fern and between fern and dense-haired fern, while there was no significant difference in the food conversion rate of the larvae of Spodoptera exigua fed with fern and dense-haired fern.

[0082] Among them, the food utilization rate, relative feeding rate and relative growth rate of the larvae fed with fern were significantly higher than those of the Japanese scatter moth fed with fern; the food utilization rate, relative feeding rate and relative growth rate of the larvae fed with fern were significantly higher than those of the fine-leaved fern. These three indicators show that the larvae of the Japanese scatter moth have the largest intake of fern and the fastest relative growth, while the larvae fed with fern have the least intake and the slowest relative growth. The approximate digestibility of fern> fern> fern, while the food conversion rate of fern was not significantly different from that of fern, and the food conversion rates of fern and fern were higher than those of fern. The relative growth rate of larvae fed with fern was higher than that of larvae fed with fern, mainly because the larvae of the Japanese scatter moth have a higher intake of fern and the larvae have similar digestion and utilization abilities for fern and fern. It can be concluded that fern is the best food source for the larvae of the Japanese scatter moth relative to fern and fern.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] An artificial breeding method for Spodoptera exigua, comprising the following steps:

[0085] S1. The specific steps for the rearing process from larvae to pupae are as follows:

[0086] The collected Spodoptera exigua larvae were placed in a sterile six-well cell culture plate (referred to as the six-well plate, each well has a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 2 cm) for breeding. A single Spodoptera exigua larvae was placed in each well. Fresh fern leaves were added to each well for feeding. Wet cotton balls were added to the gaps in the six-well cell culture plate for moisture retention. The six-well cell culture plate cover was covered to prevent the larvae from escaping. The larvae were raised in an artificial climate box at a temperature of 27±0.5°C, a relative humidity of 70%±10%, a photoperiod of L:D=14:10, and a light intensity of 5000Lux (such as Figure 5 As shown). Fresh fern leaves and six-well cell culture plates were regularly replaced every day according to the actual conditions of the feeding plants and larvae, and the larvae of Spodoptera exigua were allowed to pupate.

[0087] S2, the cultivation process from pupa to adult, the specific reference steps are as follows:

[0088] After the larvae of the Spodoptera exigua in S1 have pupated, the pupae of the Spodoptera exigua are transferred to a round culture box (i.e., the second culture box, with a diameter of 6.5 cm and a height of 9 cm) for culture (e.g., Figure 6 As shown), 10 pupae of Spodoptera exigua are placed in each culture box, and a hygroscopic material is added to the second culture box for moisture retention. The hygroscopic material can be a wet cotton strip, a wet cloth strip or a wet gauze. The second culture box lid is covered, and the second culture box is placed in an artificial climate box. The temperature is set to 27±0.5°C, the relative humidity is set to 70%±10%, the photoperiod is L:D=14:10, and the light intensity is 5000Lux. Cultivate under the conditions until the pupae of Spodoptera exigua emerge into adults.

[0089] S3, the feeding process from adults to eggs, the specific reference steps are as follows:

[0090] After the pupae of the Spodoptera exigua in S2 have emerged into adults, the emerged adults are transferred to a square culture box (i.e., the third culture box), and the male and female are mixed and placed in a ratio of 6:5 for mating and egg laying (e.g., Figure 7 As shown), egg paper is placed in the square culture box, which is more conducive to egg laying. The adults use cotton balls containing 10% (V / V) honey water as a nutritional supplement for the adults. Honey water with a concentration of 10% is added to the cotton balls every day. The third culture box is placed in an artificial climate box, and the temperature is set to 27±0.5°C, the relative humidity is 70%±10%, the photoperiod is L:D=14:10, and the light intensity is 5000Lux. The egg laying state of the adults is observed.

[0091] S4. The specific steps for the rearing process from eggs to newly hatched larvae are as follows:

[0092] Fresh fern leaves are added to the third culture box in S3. At this time, the square culture box becomes the first culture box for raising Spodoptera japonica to provide food for the newly hatched larvae (the feeding device is as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown in Fig. 9 As shown), the first culture box is continued to be placed in the artificial climate box, the temperature is set to 27±0.5°C, the relative humidity is 70%±10%, the photoperiod is L:D=14:10, and the light intensity is 5000Lux for cultivation. After the newly hatched larvae crawl onto the leaves of the fern or grow stably to 2-3 instar larvae in the first culture box, they can be transferred to the six-well plate for continued breeding. After the larvae go through the 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar and 5th instar, the breeding process is the same as step S1 in Example 3.

[0093] S5. Feeding effect identification:

[0094] The artificial rearing effect of the Japanese sparse armyworm in Example 3 was evaluated. The entire developmental period of the Japanese sparse armyworm is about 37-42 days, and the developmental period of different stages will be affected by temperature and humidity. Fig.10 ) It can be seen that the pupal stage is relatively long, and the pre-pupae stage, pupal stage and adult stage account for about half of the entire life cycle. Among them, the larval stage is 5 instars, the egg stage is 4 days, the 1st instar larvae last for (3.22±0.63) days, the 2nd instar larvae last for (2.11±0.31) days, the 3rd instar larvae last for (2.29±0.61) days, the 4th instar larvae last for (3.38±0.65) days, the 5th instar larvae last for (3.58±0.61) days, the pre-pupae stage is (4.45±0.5) days, the pupal stage is (12.88±0.93) days, and the adult stage is (4.96±1.30) days. The indoor observation figure is as follows Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 shown.

[0095] By measuring the body length of the 1st to 5th instar larvae of the Japanese scattered armyworm, the growth curve of the Japanese scattered armyworm larvae was drawn according to the body length using the R language ggplot2 package. The results are as follows: Fig.14 The results showed that the growth rate was relatively slow at 1-2 years old, while that at 3-5 years old gradually accelerated.

[0096] Calculation of survival rate: The average survival rate of newly hatched larvae is calculated as follows: number of larvae that successfully pupate / total number of larvae hatched from eggs × 100%. The average larval survival rate is calculated to be 95% ± 5%. The pupal emergence rate is calculated as follows: number of pupae that successfully emerge / total number of pupae × 100%. The average pupal emergence rate is calculated to be 82% ± 2%.

[0097] Example 4

[0098] The specific steps for preparing artificial feed using ferns are as follows:

[0099] a. Preparation method 1

[0100] Take 500 g of fern leaves, cut them into small pieces, and grind them into fern homogenate using a tissue grinder;

[0101] 20-40% of fern homogenate, 30-50% of water, 15-20% of corn flour, 15-20% of cooked soybean flour, 10-15% of cooked wheat germ flour, 1.0-2.0% of sucrose, 2.5-3.0% of agar, 1.0-1.5% of yeast powder, 2.0-4.0% of auxiliary materials, including ascorbic acid, choline chloride, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, potassium sorbate, formaldehyde, Weiss salt or multivitamin. After fully stirring, sterilize at 121°C for 30 minutes, cool to 55-65°C, and store at 4°C for later use.

[0102] b. Preparation method 2

[0103] Take 500 g of Pteris serrata leaves, cut them into small pieces, and grind them into Pteris serrata homogenate using a tissue grinder;

[0104] 20-40% of fine-leaved fern homogenate, 30-50% of water, 15-20% of corn flour, 15-20% of cooked soybean flour, 10-15% of cooked wheat germ flour, 1.0-2.0% of sucrose, 2.5-3.0% of agar, 1.0-1.5% of yeast powder, 2.0-4.0% of auxiliary materials, including ascorbic acid, choline chloride, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, potassium sorbate, formaldehyde, Weiss salt or multivitamin. After fully stirring, sterilize at 121°C for 30 minutes, cool to 55-65°C, and store at 4°C for later use.

[0105] c. Preparation method 3

[0106] Take 500 g of Pteris pubescens leaves, cut them into small pieces, and grind them into Pteris pubescens homogenate using a tissue grinder;

[0107] 20-40% of the homogenate of Pteris pubescens, 30-50% of water, 15-20% of corn flour, 15-20% of cooked soybean flour, 10-15% of cooked wheat germ flour, 1.0-2.0% of sucrose, 2.5-3.0% of agar, 1.0-1.5% of yeast powder, 2.0-4.0% of auxiliary materials, including ascorbic acid, choline chloride, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, potassium sorbate, formaldehyde, Weiss salt or multivitamins. After being fully stirred, sterilize at 121°C for 30 minutes, cool to 55-65°C, and store at 4°C for later use.

[0108] Comparative Example

[0109] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the feeding method in step S1 is single-head feeding in each well of the six-well cell culture plate, while this comparative example is group feeding.

[0110] The results of this comparative example are as follows Fig.15 As shown, the Japanese scattered armyworm has begun to die in batches after being reared in groups, and the average survival rate of the Japanese scattered armyworm in group rearing does not exceed 35%±5%.

[0111] It can be concluded that the adaptability of the Japanese spodoptera moth to the ferns of the genus Pteris and the artificial breeding method disclosed in the present invention can enable the Japanese spodoptera moth to grow and develop normally and complete succession under artificial breeding conditions using Pteris as a food source. The feeding pattern of the Japanese spodoptera moth on ferns is revealed, and an artificial breeding system of the Japanese spodoptera moth using Pteris as a food source is successfully established, and the survival rate of newly hatched larvae is 95%±5% on average, and the pupae eclosion rate is 82%±2% on average. The method fills the gap in the artificial breeding method of the Japanese spodoptera moth, provides experimental materials for in-depth research on the biology, ecology and pesticide control technology of the Japanese spodoptera moth, especially the screening of effective pesticides for the prevention and control of the Japanese spodoptera moth, and independent research on the effects of pesticides. It provides a large number of experimental insects of the Japanese spodoptera moth at various stages, and provides an important basis and strong guarantee for effectively controlling the damage caused by fern-feeding insects such as the Japanese spodoptera moth to ferns.

[0112] The terms and expressions used herein are for descriptive purposes only, and the present invention should not be limited to these terms and expressions. The use of these terms and expressions does not mean to exclude any equivalent features of the illustrations and descriptions (or parts thereof), and it should be recognized that various modifications that may exist should also be included in the scope of the claims. Other modifications, variations and substitutions may also exist. Accordingly, the claims should be deemed to cover all such equivalents.

[0113] Similarly, it should be pointed out that although the present invention has been described with reference to the current specific embodiments, ordinary technicians in this technical field should realize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and various equivalent changes or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, as long as the changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the essential spirit of the present invention, they will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial feed for breeding Spodoptera exigua, characterized in that: Includes artificially treated fern leaves.

2. The artificial feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The fern leaves are selected from one or more of Pteris fasciata, Pteris slender-leaved and Pteris pubescens.

3. A culture box for breeding Spodoptera exigua, characterized in that: The culture box for breeding Spodoptera exigua comprises any one of the artificial feeds as described in claims 1 and 2.

4. The culture box for breeding Spodoptera exigua according to claim 3, characterized in that: The culture box also includes a hygroscopic material for maintaining the humidity of the culture box; the hygroscopic material is one or more of gauze, cotton balls or cloth strips.

5. An artificial breeding method for Spodoptera exigua, the artificial breeding method for Spodoptera exigua using any one of the artificial feeds according to claims 1-2, characterized in that: The artificial breeding method of the Japanese cutworm comprises the following steps: From eggs to newly hatched larvae: eggs of Spodoptera exigua are placed in a first culture box for culture to obtain newly hatched larvae; From newly hatched larvae to pupae: feeding the newly hatched larvae with the artificial feed, and raising the newly hatched larvae individually to obtain Spodoptera exigua pupae; Pupa to adult: placing the Spodoptera dispersa pupa in a second culture box for eclosion to obtain Spodoptera dispersa adults; From adults to eggs: the male and female adults of the Spodoptera dispersa are mixed in a third culture box to allow the adults of the Spodoptera dispersa to mate and obtain eggs of the Spodoptera dispersa.

6. The artificial breeding method of Spodoptera exigua according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of the newly hatched larvae to pupae are: When the newly hatched larvae crawl onto the artificial feed and / or stably grow to the 2nd to 3rd instar in the first culture box, the newly hatched larvae are transferred to a six-well plate for single-head rearing to obtain the Spodoptera exigua pupae; The first culture box includes the artificially processed fern leaves; The six-well plate includes the artificially processed fern leaves; wet cotton balls are arranged at the gaps of the six-well plate.

7. The artificial breeding method of Spodoptera exigua according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps from adult to egg are: Mixing the male and female adults of the Spodoptera dispersa in a third culture box, so that the adults of the Spodoptera dispersa mate and lay eggs, thereby obtaining the eggs of the Spodoptera dispersa; The ratio of male to female mixing is 6:5; The third culture box comprises egg paper and nutrients; the nutrients are honey water with a concentration of 10%, and the nutrients are soaked on cotton balls.

8. The artificial breeding method of Spodoptera exigua according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The breeding conditions of the Spodoptera exigua are: temperature 27±0.5°C, relative humidity 70%±10%, photoperiod L:D=14:10, and light intensity 5000Lux.

9. The artificial breeding method of Spodoptera exigua according to claim 5, characterized in that: The entire development cycle of the Japanese cutworm is 37-42 days; The entire development cycle includes the 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar, 5th instar, prepupal stage, pupa stage and adult stage; The 1st instar period lasts 3.22±0.63 days; the 2nd instar period lasts 2.11±0.31 days; the 3rd instar period lasts 2.29±0.61 days; the 4th instar period lasts 3.38±0.65 days; the 5th instar period lasts 3.58±0.61 days; the prepupa period lasts 4.45±0.5 days; the pupal period lasts 12.88±0.93 days; and the adult period lasts 4.96±1.30 days.

10. The artificial breeding method of Spodoptera exigua according to claim 5, characterized in that: The average survival rate of the newly hatched larvae of Spodoptera exigua is 95%±5%; the average emergence rate of the pupae of Spodoptera exigua is 82%±2%.

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