Lithium ion battery compound fire extinguishing agent and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery compound fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery fire extinguishing agents. The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 20-80 parts of hexafluoropropylene tripolymer and 1-3 parts of preservative. The compound fire extinguishing agent has the beneficial effects of efficient fire extinguishing capacity, excellent cooling efficiency, good corrosion resistance, stability, wide applicability and the like, in the fire extinguishing process, the fluorocarbon organic solvent can rapidly evaporate and absorb a large amount of heat, the temperature of a fire source is remarkably reduced, and therefore fire spreading is further inhibited. And the cooling efficiency can be accurately controlled by regulating and controlling the ratio of different solvents, so that the fire extinguishing requirements of different occasions are met, and powerful support is provided for development and application of the fire extinguishing technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery fire extinguishing agents, and specifically relates to a lithium ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, lithium-ion batteries, as core components in the field of new energy, are widely used in electronic products such as electric vehicles, smart phones, and laptops. However, the high energy density and special chemical properties of lithium-ion batteries make them have certain safety hazards during use, especially fire risks. In recent years, lithium-ion battery fires have occurred frequently, posing a serious threat to people's lives and property. Traditional fire extinguishing agents have limited effects in dealing with lithium-ion battery fires and may even cause more serious consequences. Therefore, the development of new fire extinguishing agents for lithium-ion batteries has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Fluorocarbon organic solvent is a colorless, transparent, odorless, non-toxic and thermally stable liquid that exhibits significant performance advantages in many fields. The advantage of fluorocarbon organic solvent as a fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries lies in its excellent chemical stability and non-flammability. In lithium-ion battery fires, fluorocarbon organic solvents can quickly reduce the temperature of the fire source and inhibit the spread of flames. At the same time, due to their non-flammable properties, they can avoid the generation of new fire sources during the fire extinguishing process. In addition, fluorocarbon organic solvents also have good thermal conductivity and material compatibility, which can effectively prevent further damage to the battery and its peripheral equipment during the fire extinguishing process, providing a strong guarantee for the safe use of lithium-ion batteries.

[0004] However, during long-term storage and release, carbon-fluorinated organic solvents will release a certain amount of free fluoride ions, which will combine with moisture in the air to form acidic substances, thus causing corrosion to the equipment. In addition, due to different physical parameters such as boiling point and heat of vaporization, a single carbon-fluorinated organic solvent component has low fire extinguishing efficiency, difficult to control costs, and poor stability.

[0005] The Chinese patent application document with publication number CN117771603A discloses a compound lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method and application. The fire extinguishing agent includes the following raw materials by weight: 14-35 parts of vermiculite, 4-8 parts of pentaerythritol, 5-10 parts of chlorinated paraffin, 5-10 parts of antimony trioxide, 1-5 parts of hydrocarbon surfactant, 31-40 parts of water, 1-9 parts of silicone oil, and 0.5-3 parts of foaming agent. The patented compound lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing agent achieves the purpose of simple, effective and efficient fire extinguishing of open space lithium battery fires through the synergistic effect of vermiculite, chlorinated paraffin, antimony trioxide and pentaerythritol, and the fire is extinguished thoroughly and is not easy to reignite. However, the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent prepared by the patent is still not high, so it needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0007] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0009] 10-50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 20-80 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 1-3 parts of preservative.

[0010] Preferably, the preservative is one or more of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and calcium silicate nanoparticles.

[0011] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 30-50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 28-78 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 1-3 parts of preservative.

[0012] Preferably, the raw material also includes 10 to 40 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene.

[0013] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 20 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 30 parts of perfluorohexanone, 48 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of preservative.

[0014] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 30 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 40 parts of perfluorohexanone, 28 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of preservative.

[0015] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following steps: fully mixing the above-mentioned raw materials in parts by weight to obtain.

[0016] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: stirring 10 to 40 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 10 to 50 parts of perfluorohexanone and 20 to 80 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer at room temperature (about 25° C.) for 10 to 20 minutes to obtain a mixed solution; then adding 1 to 3 parts of hydroxyapatite and continuing stirring for 10 to 20 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0017] The third aspect of the present invention proposes the use of the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent in the field of safe and efficient fire extinguishing of lithium-ion batteries.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. The present invention carefully selects carbon-fluorine organic solvents (perfluorohexanone, hexafluoropropylene trimer) with different boiling points and adds a trace of anti-corrosion additives, so that the compound fire extinguishing agent can cover a wider range of fire source temperature, thereby improving the fire extinguishing efficiency. The compounding of carbon-fluorine organic solvents with different boiling points proposed by the present invention produces a synergistic effect, improves the fire extinguishing ability of the fire extinguishing agent, and makes the fire extinguishing more rapid and thorough.

[0020] 2. Excellent cooling efficiency: During the fire extinguishing process, carbon-fluorinated organic solvents can evaporate quickly, absorb a large amount of heat, and significantly reduce the temperature of the fire source, thereby further suppressing the spread of the fire. By adjusting the ratio of different solvents, the cooling efficiency can be precisely controlled to meet the fire extinguishing needs of different occasions.

[0021] 3. Good anti-corrosion performance: The addition of trace anti-corrosion additives (such as nano-particle hydroxyapatite) can significantly improve the anti-corrosion performance of the fire extinguishing agent and extend its service life. For example, nano-particle hydroxyapatite has excellent antibacterial and anti-corrosion properties, which can effectively prevent the fire extinguishing agent from being eroded and contaminated by microorganisms during storage and use.

[0022] 4. Stability: By carefully adjusting the ratio of different solvents and adding anti-corrosion additives, the patented compound fire extinguishing agent has excellent stability and can maintain good performance under different environmental conditions. This enables the fire extinguishing agent to play a stable and reliable fire extinguishing effect in various complex fire extinguishing scenarios.

[0023] 5. Wide applicability: Due to different boiling points, fire extinguishing efficiency and cooling efficiency, this compound fire extinguishing agent can be applied to different types of fires and fire extinguishing scenarios. Whether in households, industries or special fields (such as electronic equipment, aerospace, etc.), you can find a suitable fire extinguishing agent ratio to meet different fire extinguishing needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a test arrangement for performing a performance test on a fire extinguishing agent according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a test result diagram of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a test result diagram of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the test materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0029] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, they can be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] A lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 30 parts of perfluorohexanone, 48 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of hydroxyapatite.

[0032] The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: stirring 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, perfluorohexanone and hexafluoropropylene trimer according to the above weight parts at room temperature for 15 minutes, fully mixing to obtain a mixed liquid; then adding 2 parts of hydroxyapatite and continuing stirring for 15 minutes to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.

[0033] The fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 was subjected to a performance test, and the specific experimental process was as follows:

[0034] The lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing and cooling test scenario is a battery cabinet in a 40-foot standard container. The single battery specifications are: lithium iron phosphate battery (5220g, width 173.6mm, thickness 72mm, height 200mm). The battery box is 600×43mm×240mm, the battery cluster size is 2800mm×1100mm×600mm, the heating plate power is 1000W, the size error is allowed to be ±10%, and 1 battery cell is placed in the battery box.

[0035] Select one battery box and install it in the cluster. The layout is shown in Figure 1 The fire extinguishing agent bottle group is placed in an environment of 20±3℃ for 16 hours, and the dosage is based on the test space and the engineering application design concentration of 1.5kg / m 3 Calculations were carried out and 20 kg of new fire extinguishing agent was filled at a filling pressure of 1.6 MPa. At the same time, fire extinguishing device pipelines, fire water pipelines and other equipment were installed in the test site.

[0036] A transparent explosion-proof flame-retardant glass window is arranged on the top of the battery box to observe the smoke and fire when the battery in the battery box is heated. Two explosion-proof valves are arranged on the side, which automatically open when the pressure in the battery box is too high and automatically close when the pressure is normal. The opening pressure is 15Kpa. A nozzle is arranged on the front of the battery box. When the spraying is started, the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed directly onto the heated battery through the nozzle to extinguish the fire and cool the battery.

[0037] The test results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that Example 1 has a high fire extinguishing efficiency for lithium-ion battery fires and has the ability to suppress re-ignition.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the following raw materials are included in parts by weight: 10 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 10 parts of perfluorohexanone, 78 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of hydroxyapatite. Other parts are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0040] Embodiment 3:

[0041] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the following raw materials are included in parts by weight: 30 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 40 parts of perfluorohexanone, 28 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of hydroxyapatite. Other parts are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0042] Embodiment 4:

[0043] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 48 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of hydroxyapatite. Other parts are the same as embodiment 1. (2-bromotrifluoropropylene is missing)

[0044] Comparative Example 1:

[0045] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 78 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of hydroxyapatite. Other parts are the same as Example 1. (Perfluorohexanone is missing)

[0046] Comparative Example 2:

[0047] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that it includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 58 parts of perfluorohexanone and 2 parts of hydroxyapatite. Other parts are the same as Example 1. (Hexafluoropropylene trimer is missing)

[0048] Comparative Example 3:

[0049] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that 2-bromotrifluoropropene is replaced by "heptafluoropropane", and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 4:

[0051] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the hexafluoropropylene trimer is replaced by "hexafluoropropylene dimer", and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0052] The fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 2-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to performance tests, and the specific process was the same as that in Example 1.

[0053] The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0054] Table 1 Formulas of fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and application parameters of fire extinguishing agents prepared under corresponding conditions

[0055]

[0056] The test results of Comparative Example 2 are as follows Figure 3 As shown, from Figure 3 It can be seen that although Comparative Example 2 has a higher fire extinguishing efficiency for lithium-ion battery fires, the battery will re-ignite because the 2-bromotrifluoropropylene and perfluorohexanone components with lower boiling points will vaporize quickly and have no residual ability to continue cooling.

[0057] The test result graphs of Examples 2-4 are similar to those of Example 1, and the test result graphs of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-4 are similar to those of Comparative Example 2.

[0058] Analysis of the reasons for the different effects between the embodiments and the comparative examples:

[0059] 2-Bromotrifluoropropene and perfluorohexanone have relatively low boiling points, and can quickly vaporize and take away heat after release, achieving the effect of rapid fire extinguishing; hexafluoropropylene trimer has a higher boiling point, and the vaporization speed is relatively slow after release, which can continuously cool down and effectively inhibit re-ignition. Changing to other ingredients will have poorer effects, and there is a possibility of re-ignition after extinguishing the fire.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 20 to 80 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 1 to 3 parts of preservative.

2. The lithium ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preservative is one or more of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and calcium silicate nanoparticles.

3. The lithium ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 28 to 78 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 1 to 3 parts of preservative.

4. The lithium ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of perfluorohexanone, 48 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of preservative.

5. The lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials also include 10 to 40 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene.

6. The lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 30 parts of perfluorohexanone, 48 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of preservative.

7. The lithium-ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 40 parts of perfluorohexanone, 28 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer and 2 parts of preservative.

8. The method for preparing the lithium ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The raw materials in parts by weight are fully mixed to obtain the product.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: stirring 10-40 parts of 2-bromotrifluoropropylene, 10-50 parts of perfluorohexanone and 20-80 parts of hexafluoropropylene trimer at room temperature for 10-20 minutes to obtain a mixed solution; then adding 1-3 parts of hydroxyapatite and continuing stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain the mixed solution.

10. Use of the lithium ion battery composite fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the field of safe and efficient fire extinguishing of lithium ion batteries.

Images