Method for assisting polar region ice breaking through saturated hot steam jet flow

Abstract

The invention discloses a saturated hot steam jet assisted polar region icebreaking method, which comprises the following steps of: arranging a jet spray pipe and a rotary driving mechanism for controlling the jet spray pipe to rotate at a bow, generating saturated hot steam through a steam generating device on a ship body, and conveying the saturated hot steam to the jet spray pipe through a heat insulation pipeline, saturated hot steam is sprayed to an ice layer in front of the icebreaker at a high speed through the jet spray pipe, so that at least one damage groove is formed in the ice layer, and the ice layer is induced to crack through the damage groove when the icebreaker stamps the ice layer. High-speed jet flow of saturated hot steam acts on an ice surface, and a damage groove is formed in an ice layer and the local strength of the ice layer is weakened by utilizing the combined action of heat energy and impact force of high-speed airflow and the ice layer, so that the ice layer can be fractured more easily after the icebreaker rushes onto an ice body, and the ice breaking efficiency is improved. And the icebreaking capability of the existing icebreaker with insufficient body type can be obviously improved, and the icebreaking efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of polar icebreaking, and in particular to a polar icebreaking method. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change and the deepening of polar resource development, navigation and scientific research activities in the Arctic and Antarctic are becoming more frequent. However, the special natural environment of the polar regions, such as thick ice cover, extreme low temperatures and severe weather, has brought great challenges to navigation, transportation and resource development. In particular, the high strength and thickness of the polar ice layer, and the alternation of multi-year ice and new ice, have put forward great requirements on the performance of icebreaking equipment.

[0003] At present, there are two main icebreaking methods for icebreakers: continuous icebreaking and impact icebreaking. When the ice is thin, icebreakers usually use continuous icebreaking, which relies on the power of the bow and propeller to directly split or smash the ice to open up a channel. When encountering thicker ice, the impact icebreaking method is more effective; this method uses the weight of the hull to crush the ice. The icebreaker will rush onto the ice surface and crush the ice by its own weight, thereby opening up a new channel; but the impact icebreaking method mainly relies on the weight of the hull. If the hull is not large enough and the weight is insufficient, the icebreaking ability will be insufficient. However, the construction technology of large icebreakers is high and the construction is difficult.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of icebreaking technology that can be applied to existing icebreakers with insufficient icebreaking capabilities to improve their icebreaking capabilities. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for saturated hot steam jet-assisted polar icebreaking to solve the technical problem of improving the icebreaking capability of existing icebreakers.

[0006] The method of polar icebreaking assisted by saturated hot steam jets of the present invention comprises arranging a jet device at the bow, wherein the jet device comprises a jet nozzle and a rotary drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the jet nozzle, generating saturated hot steam by a steam generating device on the hull, transporting the saturated hot steam to the jet nozzle through an insulated pipeline, and spraying saturated hot steam at a high speed toward the ice layer in front of the icebreaker through the jet nozzle, thereby opening at least one breaking groove on the ice layer, and inducing the ice layer to crack when the icebreaker presses the ice layer through the breaking groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the jet nozzle includes a middle nozzle for spraying directly in front of the bow, a left nozzle for spraying toward the left front of the bow, and a right nozzle for spraying toward the right front of the bow.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotation drive mechanism includes a bracket arranged at the front of the hull, a transverse axis arranged on the bracket, a first motor arranged on the bracket to drive the transverse axis to rotate, a transverse plate arranged on the transverse axis, a second motor arranged on the left side of the transverse plate, a left base plate arranged on the second motor shaft, a third motor arranged on the right side of the transverse plate and a right base plate arranged on the third motor shaft, the middle nozzle is arranged in the middle of the transverse plate, the left nozzle is arranged on the left base plate, and the right nozzle is arranged on the right base plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the jet nozzle is a Laval nozzle.

[0010] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0011] 1. The method of saturated hot steam jet-assisted polar icebreaking of the present invention uses a high-speed jet of saturated hot steam to act on the ice surface, and utilizes the combined effect of thermal energy and the impact force of the high-speed airflow on the ice layer, thereby opening a destruction groove on the ice layer and weakening the local strength of the ice layer. In this way, after the icebreaker rushes onto the ice body, the ice layer can be more easily fractured, which can significantly improve the icebreaking ability of existing icebreakers with insufficient size and improve their icebreaking efficiency.

[0012] 2. The method of saturated hot steam jet-assisted polar icebreaking of the present invention can be seamlessly integrated into polar icebreakers, as icebreakers driven by steam turbines are equipped with steam generating devices, and can well adapt to the upgrading and transformation of the icebreaking capabilities of polar icebreakers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the jet nozzle arranged at the front of the icebreaker.

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Magnified view of the middle P section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0016] As shown in the figure, the method of saturated hot steam jet assisted polar icebreaking in this embodiment includes arranging a jet device at the bow, wherein the jet device includes a jet nozzle and a rotary drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the jet nozzle, generating saturated hot steam through a steam generating device on the hull, transporting the saturated hot steam to the jet nozzle through an insulated pipeline, and spraying saturated hot steam at a high speed toward the ice layer in front of the icebreaker through the jet nozzle, thereby opening at least one breaking groove in the ice layer, and inducing the ice layer to crack when the icebreaker presses the ice layer through the breaking groove.

[0017] In this embodiment, the jet nozzles include a middle nozzle 1 for spraying directly in front of the bow, a left nozzle 2 for spraying toward the left front of the bow, and a right nozzle 3 for spraying toward the right front of the bow. The three nozzles can open three breaking grooves to split the ice layer into four parts, making it easier to break and fracture the ice layer. Of course, in the specific implementation, the number of jet nozzles can be adjusted as needed.

[0018] In this embodiment, the rotation drive mechanism includes a bracket 4 arranged at the front of the hull, a transverse axis 5 arranged on the bracket, a first motor 6 arranged on the bracket to drive the transverse axis to rotate, a transverse plate 7 arranged on the transverse axis, a second motor 8 arranged on the left side of the transverse plate, a left base plate 9 arranged on the second motor shaft, a third motor 10 arranged on the right side of the transverse plate, and a right base plate 11 arranged on the third motor shaft. The middle nozzle is arranged in the middle of the transverse plate, the left nozzle is arranged on the left base plate, and the right nozzle is arranged on the right base plate. In a specific implementation, the middle nozzle, the left nozzle and the right nozzle can be fixed by welding, or by clamps, bolts, etc. The first motor 6 drives the transverse axis 5 to rotate, so that the three jet nozzles can be synchronously deflected up and down, thereby opening three destruction grooves, and the trenching length can be controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the transverse axis 5. And the injection angles of the left nozzle and the right nozzle can be controlled by the second motor 8 and the third motor 10 respectively, so as to control the angles of the left and right destruction grooves as needed.

[0019] The icebreaker driven by steam turbine is equipped with steam generator, which can be oil-fired boiler or nuclear-fired boiler. Therefore, the steam generator of the icebreaker can be directly connected to the jet nozzle through the insulated pipe to supply saturated hot steam to the jet nozzle. By setting a pressure regulating station on the insulated pipe to adjust the pipeline pressure on the inlet side of the jet nozzle, the stability of the jet nozzle jet can be ensured. In the specific implementation, when the jet target distance increases, the pressure on the inlet side of the jet nozzle is increased, and when the jet target distance decreases, the pressure on the inlet side of the jet nozzle is reduced to better control the consistency of the depth of the broken groove.

[0020] During the trenching process, the water produced by the melting of saturated hot steam will be discharged from the destruction groove under the impact of high-speed airflow, and will not remain in the destruction groove and re-condense into ice. When trenching, not only will the heat energy of the steam melt the ice, but the high-speed airflow will also impact and break the ice body in the destruction groove, thereby accelerating the trenching efficiency. The destruction groove can greatly reduce the local strength of the ice layer. The trenching of the ice layer causes uneven heat inside the ice body. The temperature difference change will also cause thermal cracks on the inner wall of the ice body, aggravating the instability of the ice body structure, which is conducive to the next step of the icebreaker to compress the ice layer, and can significantly improve the icebreaking ability and efficiency of the icebreaker.

[0021] As an improvement to the above embodiment, the jet nozzle is a Laval nozzle, which can accelerate the speed of the saturated steam jet to the speed of sound or even supersonic speed, so that the time taken for the saturated steam to reach the ice layer from the nozzle outlet is shorter, which can significantly reduce the heat loss in the middle. At the same time, the high-speed airflow also has a strong impact force, which can accelerate the breaking of the ice body in the groove. Therefore, the use of the Laval nozzle can significantly improve the trenching efficiency.

[0022] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for polar ice breaking assisted by saturated hot steam jet, characterized in that: The method comprises arranging a jet device at the bow, wherein the jet device comprises a jet nozzle and a rotary drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the jet nozzle, generating saturated hot steam through a steam generating device on the hull, conveying the saturated hot steam to the jet nozzle through a heat-insulating pipeline, and spraying saturated hot steam at high speed toward the ice layer in front of the icebreaker through the jet nozzle, and opening at least one breaking groove in the ice layer by utilizing the high-speed hot steam flow, so as to induce the ice layer to crack when the icebreaker presses the ice layer through the breaking groove.

2. The method for saturated hot steam jet-assisted polar icebreaking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet nozzle comprises a middle nozzle for spraying directly in front of the bow, a left nozzle for spraying toward the left front of the bow, and a right nozzle for spraying toward the right front of the bow.

3. The method for saturated hot steam jet-assisted polar icebreaking according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism includes a bracket arranged at the front of the hull, a transverse axis arranged on the bracket, a first motor arranged on the bracket to drive the transverse axis to rotate, a transverse plate arranged on the transverse axis, a second motor arranged on the left side of the transverse plate, a left base plate arranged on the second motor shaft, a third motor arranged on the right side of the transverse plate and a right base plate arranged on the third motor shaft, the middle nozzle is arranged in the middle of the transverse plate, the left nozzle is arranged on the left base plate, and the right nozzle is arranged on the right base plate.

4. The method for polar icebreaking assisted by saturated hot steam jet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The jet nozzle is a Laval nozzle.

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