Pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw material and preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pig manure compost, in particular to pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials and a preparation method thereof, and is technically characterized in that the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components: pig manure, mushroom residues, oyster shell powder and grape skin residues; the volume ratio of the pig manure to the mushroom residues is 6: 4-7: 3; the addition amount of the oyster shell powder is 5%-10%; the volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape pomace is (6: 4)-(7: 3). According to the pig manure compost, in the material fermentation process, the pH value of the material can be stably controlled to be 7.0-8.5, it is ensured that beneficial microorganisms achieve flora advantages under the aerobic condition, and the microorganisms can be effectively controlled in the material decomposition process; the added oyster shell powder is cheap and easy to obtain, and ammonia nitrogen generation in the composting process can be reduced, so that nitrogen loss caused by ammonia nitrogen volatilization is reduced, and the quality of compost products is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention patent relates to the technical field of pig manure composting, specifically, to a pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pig manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrients as well as various trace elements required by plants, and its organic matter content is as high as 60% to 75%. At present, the land use after pig manure composting is a recognized low-cost treatment and disposal method that can fully utilize the nutrient resources of pig manure.

[0003] During the composting process, aerobic microorganisms degrade the complex organic matter in the raw materials to form small molecules with simple structures. At the same time, the heat generated by the microbial decomposition process can kill microbial pathogens and finally transform them into mature and highly safe compost products. However, in the actual composting production process, due to the constraints of composting raw materials, environmental conditions and other factors, traditional composting technology has problems such as slow temperature rise of the pile, long composting cycle, poor air permeability of the pile, low oxygen content, weak activity of aerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen loss. It is reported that the volatilization of NH3 during the composting process can account for up to 80% of the total nitrogen loss, which greatly reduces the fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, accelerating the degradation of organic matter while controlling nitrogen loss has been the focus of composting technology research in recent years.

[0004] Porous materials have the advantages of high porosity and large specific surface area. They can not only improve the air circulation of the pile and the activity of aerobic microorganisms, but also enhance the adsorption of nutrients. They are widely used as additives in the composting process. However, traditional adsorption materials such as activated carbon and vermiculite have high production costs and are not easy to promote. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new, cheap and easily available alternative materials as compost additives to promote the large-scale sustainable development of composting technology.

[0005] To this end, the inventors of the present application have studied and designed a pig manure composting and preparation method based on oyster shell raw materials to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

[0008] The present invention provides a pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, wherein the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0009] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0010] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 6:4 to 7:3;

[0011] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 5%-10%;

[0012] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 6:4 to 7:3.

[0013] Furthermore, the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0014] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0015] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 6:4;

[0016] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 5%;

[0017] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 6:4.

[0018] Furthermore, the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0019] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0020] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 7:3;

[0021] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 10%;

[0022] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 7:3.

[0023] Furthermore, the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0024] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0025] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 5:3;

[0026] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 8%;

[0027] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 5:3.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Material measurement: material: pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder and grape skin residue are measured according to the proportion;

[0030] S2, mixing the materials measured in step S1 to obtain a mixed material, and adding a fermentation agent to mix with the mixed material;

[0031] S3, the mixed material inoculated with the fermentation agent in step S2 is piled up for fermentation, and pig manure compost is obtained after the fermentation is completed.

[0032] Furthermore, the fermentation agent in step S2 is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes.

[0033] Furthermore, during the fermentation process of building the pile in step S3:

[0034] After the pile is built, the mixed material is fermented in the fermentation tank; the material temperature rises to above 50°C within 48 hours, and normal forced ventilation begins on the third day, ventilating 3 times a day, each time for 1 hour, to ensure that the temperature is controlled between 50°C and 65°C;

[0035] During the primary fermentation, the pile is turned once a day, and the fermented material is removed from the fermentation tank after 15 to 21 days and enters the secondary composting stage until the material is dry and the moisture content of the material drops below 30%, that is, it is processed into functional organic fertilizer with the function of improving acidic soil.

[0036] Furthermore, the width of the fermentation tank is 6-20m, the height of the fermentation tank is 2.0m, a forced ventilation system is provided at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a liftable turning machine is provided at the top of the fermentation tank.

[0037] Furthermore, the pile height is 1.5-1.8m.

[0038] The difficulty and significance of the problem solved by the present invention are:

[0039] In the composting process of pig manure, the loss of nitrogen is large due to the volatilization of NH3, which greatly reduces the fertilizer efficiency of composting. Therefore, while accelerating the degradation of organic matter in the composting process, controlling the loss of nitrogen is the focus of composting technology research in recent years. It was found in the study that porous materials have the advantages of high porosity and large specific surface area, which can not only improve the air circulation of the compost pile and the activity of aerobic microorganisms, but also strengthen the adsorption of nutrients, and are widely used as additives in the composting process. However, the production cost of traditional adsorption materials such as activated carbon and vermiculite commonly used in the prior art is high and difficult to promote. For this reason, the inventor of the present application, after research, aims to develop new, cheap and easy-to-obtain compost additives, and has designed a new pig manure compost and preparation method based on oyster shell raw materials, which is of great significance to promoting the large-scale sustainable development of composting technology.

[0040] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. The pig manure composting of the present invention can stably control the pH of the material between 7.0 and 8.5 during the material fermentation process, ensure that the beneficial microorganisms achieve flora dominance under aerobic conditions, and can effectively control the microorganisms in the process of decomposing the material; the added oyster shell powder is cheap and easy to obtain, and can reduce the generation of ammonia nitrogen during the composting process, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen caused by the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen, and improving the quality of the compost product;

[0042] 2. The invention adds mushroom residue and grape skin residue to realize the resource utilization of agricultural by-products. At the same time, grape skin residue is rich in multiple nutrients and quick-acting nutrients, which can promote the reproduction of microorganisms, strengthen the interaction activity between microorganisms, participate in and accelerate the maturity process of pig manure composting, prolong the high temperature time of composting, and improve the quality of humic acid in the compost product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 1 is a top view of the fermentation tank in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a top view of the forced ventilation system in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fermentation tank in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.

[0046] Reference numerals in the above drawings:

[0047] 1. Fermentation tank; 2. Forced ventilation system; 3. Turning machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] The implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0050] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] The following are preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] Embodiment 1:

[0053] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, and the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0054] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0055] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 6:4;

[0056] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 5%;

[0057] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 6:4.

[0058] Embodiment 1 of the present invention also provides a method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, comprising the following steps:

[0059] S1. Material measurement: Measuring the materials: pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder and grape skin residue according to the above ratio;

[0060] S2, mixing the materials measured in step S1 to obtain a mixed material, and adding a fermentation agent to mix with the mixed material;

[0061] S3, the mixed material inoculated with the fermentation agent in step S2 is piled up for fermentation, and pig manure compost is obtained after the fermentation is completed.

[0062] In this embodiment 1, the fermentation bacteria involved in step S2 are one or more of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes.

[0063] In this embodiment, during the fermentation process of building the pile in step S3:

[0064] After the pile is built (the height of the pile is 1.5-1.8m), the mixed material is fermented in the fermentation tank 1; the material temperature rises to above 50°C within 48 hours, and normal forced ventilation begins on the third day, ventilating 3 times a day, each time for 1 hour, to ensure that the temperature is controlled between 50°C and 65°C;

[0065] During the primary fermentation, the pile is turned once a day, and the fermented material is removed from the fermentation tank 1 after 15 to 21 days to enter the secondary decomposition stage until the material is dried and the moisture content of the material drops below 30%, that is, it is processed into a functional organic fertilizer for improving acidic soil.

[0066] In this embodiment, the width of the fermentation tank 1 is 6-20m (designed according to the production scale), the height of the fermentation tank 1 is 2.0m, and a forced ventilation system 2 (such as Figure 2 As shown), a liftable turner 3 is installed on the top of the fermentation tank 1 (as shown Figure 1 shown).

[0067] Embodiment 2:

[0068] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, wherein the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0069] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0070] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 7:3;

[0071] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 10%;

[0072] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 7:3.

[0073] The solution of Example 2 of the present invention also provides a method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, comprising the following steps:

[0074] S1. Material measurement: Measuring the materials: pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder and grape skin residue according to the above ratio;

[0075] S2, mixing the materials measured in step S1 to obtain a mixed material, and adding a fermentation agent to mix with the mixed material;

[0076] S3, the mixed material inoculated with the fermentation agent in step S2 is piled up for fermentation, and pig manure compost is obtained after the fermentation is completed.

[0077] In this embodiment 2, the fermentation bacteria involved in step S2 are one or more of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes.

[0078] In this embodiment, during the fermentation process of building the pile in step S3:

[0079] After the pile is built (the height of the pile is 1.5-1.8m), the mixed material is fermented in the fermentation tank 1; the material temperature rises to above 50°C within 48 hours, and normal forced ventilation begins on the third day, ventilating 3 times a day, each time for 1 hour, to ensure that the temperature is controlled between 50°C and 65°C;

[0080] During the primary fermentation, the pile is turned once a day, and the fermented material is removed from the fermentation tank 1 after 15 to 21 days to enter the secondary decomposition stage until the material is dried and the moisture content of the material drops below 30%, that is, it is processed into a functional organic fertilizer for improving acidic soil.

[0081] In this embodiment 2, the width of the fermentation tank 1 is 6-20m (designed according to the production scale), the height of the fermentation tank 1 is 2.0m, and a forced ventilation system 2 (such as Figure 2 As shown), a liftable turner 3 is installed on the top of the fermentation tank 1 (as shown Figure 1 shown).

[0082] Embodiment 3:

[0083] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, wherein the pig manure compost is prepared from the following components:

[0084] Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue;

[0085] The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 5:3;

[0086] The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 8%;

[0087] The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 5:3.

[0088] Embodiment 3 of the present invention also provides a method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials, comprising the following steps:

[0089] S1. Material measurement: Measuring the materials: pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder and grape skin residue according to the above ratio;

[0090] S2, mixing the materials measured in step S1 to obtain a mixed material, and adding a fermentation agent to mix with the mixed material;

[0091] S3, the mixed material inoculated with the fermentation agent in step S2 is piled up for fermentation, and pig manure compost is obtained after the fermentation is completed.

[0092] In this embodiment 3, the fermentation bacteria involved in step S2 are one or more of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes.

[0093] In this embodiment, during the fermentation process of building the pile in step S3:

[0094] After the pile is built (the height of the pile is 1.5-1.8m), the mixed material is fermented in the fermentation tank 1; the material temperature rises to above 50°C within 48 hours, and normal forced ventilation begins on the third day, ventilating 3 times a day, each time for 1 hour, to ensure that the temperature is controlled between 50°C and 65°C;

[0095] During the primary fermentation, the pile is turned once a day, and the fermented material is removed from the fermentation tank 1 after 15 to 21 days to enter the secondary decomposition stage until the material is dried and the moisture content of the material drops below 30%, that is, it is processed into a functional organic fertilizer for improving acidic soil.

[0096] In this embodiment 3, the width of the fermentation tank 1 is 6-20m (designed according to the production scale), the height of the fermentation tank 1 is 2.0m, and a forced ventilation system 2 (such as Figure 2 As shown), a liftable turner 3 is installed on the top of the fermentation tank 1 (as shown Figure 1 shown).

[0097] In the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, the particle size of the added oyster shell powder is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0098] Through the above embodiments of the present invention, during the fermentation process of the material in the present invention, the pH of the material can be stably controlled between 7.0 and 8.5 through the above control technology in the above fermentation process, ensuring that beneficial microorganisms achieve flora dominance under aerobic conditions; by adding oyster shell powder as a substitute for traditional porous adsorption materials, on the one hand, it is cheap and easy to obtain, thereby reducing the cost of composting; on the other hand, it can also effectively control and reduce the production of ammonia nitrogen by microorganisms during the decomposition of materials, thereby reducing the loss of ammonia nitrogen volatilization and improving the quality of the compost product.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pig manure composting based on oyster shell raw materials, characterized in that: The pig manure compost is prepared from the following components: Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue; The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 6:4 to 7:3; The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 5%-10%; The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 6:4 to 7:

3.

2. The pig manure composting and preparation method based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pig manure compost is prepared from the following components: Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue; The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 6:4; The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 5%; The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 6:

4.

3. The pig manure composting and preparation method based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pig manure compost is prepared from the following components: Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue; The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 7:3; The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 10%; The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 7:

3.

4. The pig manure composting and preparation method based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pig manure compost is prepared from the following components: Pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder, grape skin residue; The volume ratio of pig manure to mushroom residue is 5:3; The added amount of the oyster shell powder is 8%; The volume ratio of the pig manure to the grape skin residue is 5:

3.

5. A method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Material measurement: material: pig manure, mushroom residue, oyster shell powder and grape skin residue are measured according to the proportion; S2, mixing the materials measured in step S1 to obtain a mixed material, and adding a fermentation agent to mix with the mixed material; S3, the mixed material inoculated with the fermentation agent in step S2 is piled up for fermentation, and pig manure compost is obtained after the fermentation is completed.

6. The method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fermentation agent in step S2 is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes.

7. The method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the fermentation process of building the pile in step S3: After the pile is built, the mixed material is fermented in the fermentation tank; the material temperature rises to above 50°C within 48 hours, and normal forced ventilation begins on the third day, ventilating 3 times a day, each time for 1 hour, to ensure that the temperature is controlled between 50°C and 65°C; During the primary fermentation, the pile is turned once a day, and the fermented material is removed from the fermentation tank after 15 to 21 days and enters the secondary composting stage until the material is dry and the moisture content of the material drops below 30%, that is, it is processed into functional organic fertilizer with the function of improving acidic soil.

8. The method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fermentation tank has a width of 6-20m and a height of 2.0m. A forced ventilation system is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a liftable turning machine is arranged at the top of the fermentation tank.

9. The method for preparing pig manure compost based on oyster shell raw materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pile height is 1.5-1.8m.

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