Special fertilizer for potatoes in dry land, preparation method and fertilization method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a special fertilizer for potatoes in dry land, a preparation method, a fertilization method and a special fertilizer for potatoes. The special fertilizer for potatoes is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 30-40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Wherein the dosage of the DMPP accounts for 1% of the mass of the pure nitrogen, the dosage of the NBPT accounts for 0.2% of the mass of the pure nitrogen, and the dosage of the gamma-aminobutyric acid accounts for 0.1% of the mass of the pure nitrogen. The special fertilizer for the potatoes, provided by the embodiment of the invention, is combined with the DMPP to prolong the retention time of available nitrogen and prolong the nitrogen fertilizer; the NBPT is used for inhibiting the activity of urease in soil, effectively retarding the process of hydrolyzing urea into ammonia and improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer; gamma-aminobutyric acid is used for promoting photosynthesis, improving the quality and yield of fruits and enhancing the metabolic function and stress resistance of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of fertilizer technology, and in particular to a special fertilizer for dryland potatoes, a preparation method and a fertilization method. Background Art

[0002] Globalization has led to an increase in the demand for fertilizers in agriculture, especially a significant increase in the use of nitrogen fertilizers.

[0003] In dryland farmland ecosystems, nitrogen loss pathways include ammonia volatilization, nitrification / denitrification, leaching, etc., causing groundwater and air pollution, soil acidification, etc. To mitigate these negative effects, nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors can be added to crops when nitrogen fertilizers are applied to slow down nitrogen volatilization and transformation. When most nitrogen fertilizers are lost and enter the environment, they will lead to a series of environmental pollution problems, such as soil pollution, increased nitrate nitrogen content in groundwater, increased nitrous oxide emissions in the atmosphere, and eutrophication of rivers, lakes, etc., which not only cause waste of resources and increased costs, but also seriously threaten the sustainable development of agriculture and human health. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

[0005] To this end, a first aspect of the present invention provides a potato-specific fertilizer.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method.

[0007] A third aspect of the present invention provides a fertilization method.

[0008] In view of this, according to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a potato-specific fertilizer is provided. The raw materials for preparing the potato-specific fertilizer include, by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of sheep dung, 30-40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and γ-aminobutyric acid; Among them, the amount of DMPP accounts for 1% of the mass of pure nitrogen, the amount of NBPT accounts for 0.2% of the mass of pure nitrogen, and the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid accounts for 0.1% of the mass of pure nitrogen.

[0009] In a feasible embodiment, the raw materials for preparing the potato-specific fertilizer include, by weight: 45 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of sheep dung, 35 parts of wood ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and γ-aminobutyric acid pure nitrogen.

[0010] In a feasible implementation manner, the ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0011] In a feasible implementation manner, the ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 4:3.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a preparation method is proposed for preparing a potato-specific fertilizer as described in any of the above technical solutions, and the preparation method comprises: Weigh according to the raw material ratio; The cow dung and sheep dung are buried in the soil according to the mass ratio for fermentation until they are fully decomposed to obtain decomposed fertilizer; Adding urea, ammonium sulfate, wood ash, DMPP, NBPT, and γ-aminobutyric acid in equal parts by weight to the decomposed fertilizer, mixing and stirring thoroughly to obtain a mixed fertilizer; The mixed fertilizer is composted to obtain the potato-specific fertilizer.

[0013] In a feasible implementation manner, the step of composting the mixed fertilizer to obtain the potato-specific fertilizer includes: The mixed fertilizer is divided into piles, and the height of each pile is 35 to 45 cm; Turning the compost pile 1 to 2 times a day to extract some of the water in the compost pile; When the moisture content is 6-10%, potato-specific fertilizer is obtained.

[0014] According to a third aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a fertilization method is proposed, which is applied to the potato-specific fertilizer as described in any of the above technical solutions. The fertilization method comprises: Apply potato-specific fertilizer once before planting potatoes.

[0015] In a feasible implementation manner, the application amount of the potato-specific fertilizer is N 200 kg / hm 2 +P2O5150kg / hm 2 .

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The raw materials used in the preparation of potato fertilizer in the embodiment of the present application include, by mass, 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of sheep dung, 30-40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and pure nitrogen of γ-aminobutyric acid; wherein, the amount of DMPP accounts for 1% of the mass of pure nitrogen, the amount of NBPT accounts for 0.2% of the mass of pure nitrogen, and the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid accounts for 0.1% of the mass of pure nitrogen. Based on this, the potato fertilizer provided in the embodiment of the present application combines DMPP to increase nitrogen absorption efficiency and prolong the fertilizer effect time of nitrogen fertilizer; NBPT can inhibit urease activity in the soil, effectively slow down the process of urea hydrolysis into ammonia, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and prolong fertilizer effect; and γ-aminobutyric acid can promote photosynthesis, improve fruit quality and yield, and enhance crop metabolic function and stress resistance. In addition, organic fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, decomposed cow and sheep dung, and plant ash are prepared through scientific proportioning, fermentation, and drying. The potato-specific fertilizer provided in the embodiment of the present application is particularly suitable for potato planting, especially for potato planting in dryland agricultural areas such as Gansu. After applying the potato-specific fertilizer of the present invention in Lijiabao Town, Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, the potatoes have good potato shape, few deformed fruits, shallow buds, and smooth skin; the commodity rate is high, the yield is high, and the income of farmers is high. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and water utilization efficiency of potatoes are improved. The starch content of potatoes is increased and the incidence of scab is reduced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to better understand the above-mentioned technical scheme, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail through specific embodiments below. It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application and the specific features in the embodiment are detailed descriptions of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, rather than limitations on the technical scheme of the present application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiment of the present application and the technical features in the embodiment can be combined with each other.

[0018] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a potato-specific fertilizer is provided. The raw materials for preparing the potato-specific fertilizer include, by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of sheep dung, 30-40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and pure nitrogen of γ-aminobutyric acid; Among them, the amount of DMPP accounts for 1% of the mass of pure nitrogen, the amount of NBPT accounts for 0.2% of the mass of pure nitrogen, and the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid accounts for 0.1% of the mass of pure nitrogen.

[0019] The raw materials for preparing the potato-specific fertilizer provided in the embodiment of the present application include, by mass, 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of sheep dung, 30-40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and pure nitrogen of γ-aminobutyric acid; wherein, the amount of DMPP accounts for 1% of the mass of pure nitrogen, the amount of NBPT accounts for 0.2% of the mass of pure nitrogen, and the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid accounts for 0.1% of the mass of pure nitrogen. Based on this, the potato-specific fertilizer provided in the embodiment of the present application combines DMPP to increase nitrogen absorption efficiency and prolong the fertilizer effect time of nitrogen fertilizer; NBPT can inhibit urease activity in the soil, effectively slow down the process of urea hydrolysis into ammonia, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and prolong fertilizer effect; and γ-aminobutyric acid can promote photosynthesis, improve fruit quality and yield, and enhance crop metabolic function and stress resistance. In addition, organic fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, decomposed cow and sheep dung, and plant ash are prepared by scientific proportioning, fermentation, and drying.

[0020] The potato-specific fertilizer provided in the embodiment of the present application is particularly suitable for the planting of pile potatoes, especially for the planting of potatoes in dryland agricultural areas such as Gansu. After applying the potato-specific fertilizer of the present invention, the potatoes have good potato shape, fewer deformed fruits, smooth skin, shallow buds, high yield, high commodity rate, and high income for farmers. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and water utilization efficiency of potatoes are improved. The starch content of potatoes is increased and the incidence of scab is reduced.

[0021] In a feasible implementation manner, the raw materials for preparing potato-specific fertilizer include, by mass, 45 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of sheep dung, 35 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0022] In the technical scheme, a detailed ratio of raw materials for preparing the special fertilizer for potatoes is further provided, and the dosage of cow dung, sheep dung, wood ash and urea is further provided, so that the special fertilizer for potatoes is more suitable for the growth of potatoes.

[0023] In this technical solution, by determining the dosage of cow dung, sheep dung, plant ash and urea, cow dung, sheep dung, plant ash and urea as different types of fertilizers each have their own unique effects on the growth of potatoes.

[0024] The use of 45 parts of cow dung can provide nutrients: cow dung is rich in macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and a variety of trace elements, which are necessary for potato growth. As an organic fertilizer, cow dung can continuously and stably provide nutrients for potatoes and promote their growth and development. It can improve the soil environment: the organic matter in cow dung can increase the soil's aggregate structure, improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability, and is conducive to the growth and expansion of potato roots. At the same time, cow dung can also reduce the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, providing potatoes with a suitable soil environment. It can enhance stress resistance: the microorganisms and organic matter in cow dung can enhance the soil's ecosystem, improve the potato's resistance to diseases and pests, and reduce the incidence of diseases and pests. In addition, cow dung can also improve the potato's ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions such as drought and high temperature.

[0025] The use of 30 parts of sheep manure can improve the soil structure: sheep manure contains rich organic matter, which can increase the soil aggregate structure after decomposition in the soil, making the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the growth and expansion of potato roots. It can provide sufficient nutrition: sheep manure contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. Using sheep manure as fertilizer in moderation can provide sufficient nutrition for potatoes and promote their normal growth and development. It can inhibit pests and diseases: the organic matter in sheep manure can improve the microbial environment of the soil, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms, and thus inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0026] The use of 35 parts of plant ash can prevent the potato seed block from rotting: plant ash has the effect of sterilizing and inhibiting bacteria. Mixing seeds with plant ash can effectively prevent potato seed blocks from rotting and improve the emergence rate and survival rate. It can promote root growth: plant ash contains trace elements such as potassium, which can promote the growth of potato roots and make seedlings stronger. It can increase soil temperature: plant ash can increase soil temperature, which is conducive to the early germination of potato seed blocks and accelerate the emergence rate. It can improve the soil: plant ash can loosen the soil, prevent soil compaction, and help the potato tubers to fully expand.

[0027] Through the determination of 20 parts of urea, nitrogen fertilizer can be provided: Urea is a high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer that can provide a large amount of nitrogen for potatoes. Nitrogen is one of the essential elements for plant growth and plays an important role in leaf growth and photosynthesis of potatoes. It can promote growth: The appropriate application of urea can promote the growth and development of potatoes and improve yield and quality. However, excessive application of urea may cause plant elongation, delay tuber formation and reduce quality.

[0028] In summary, cow dung, sheep dung, wood ash, superphosphate and urea each have their own unique role in the growth of potatoes. In practical applications, through the setting of the above ratio, potato fertilizer is particularly suitable for potato planting in dryland agricultural areas, taking into full consideration factors such as soil conditions, potato growth requirements and climatic conditions, and rationally selecting and using these fertilizers can achieve better growth effects.

[0029] In a feasible implementation manner, the ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0030] Such arrangement takes into account that nitrogen is a synthetic element of many important organic substances in plants, such as protein, chlorophyll, alkaloids and some hormones. These substances play a role in promoting stem and leaf growth and root development in the growth and development of potatoes. Phosphorus fertilizer plays a role in promoting root development, promoting stolon formation, improving yield and quality and enhancing disease resistance in the growth and development of potatoes. By determining that the ratio of the mass of nitrogen in potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 1.2 to 1.5, the stem and leaf growth of potatoes can be promoted, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the leaf color is dark green, thereby enhancing photosynthesis and increasing the accumulation of photosynthetic products. This is beneficial to the overall growth and development of potato plants. It can make potato seedlings strong, improve drought resistance and cold resistance, and lay a good foundation for the later tuber expansion.

[0031] In a feasible implementation manner, the ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 4:3.

[0032] In the technical solution, a ratio of nitrogen mass to phosphorus pentoxide mass of potato-specific fertilizer is further provided as 4:3. By selecting this ratio, the growth of potato stems and leaves can be promoted, making the branches and leaves luxuriant and the leaves dark green, thereby enhancing photosynthesis and increasing the accumulation of photosynthetic products. This is beneficial to the overall growth and development of potato plants. It can make potato seedlings strong, improve drought and cold resistance, and lay a good foundation for the later tuber expansion.

[0033] According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a preparation method is proposed for preparing a potato-specific fertilizer according to any of the above technical solutions, and the preparation method comprises: Weigh according to the raw material ratio; The cow dung and sheep dung are buried in the soil according to the mass ratio for fermentation until they are fully decomposed to obtain decomposed fertilizer; Adding urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, wood ash, DMPP, NBPT, and γ-aminobutyric acid in equal parts by weight to the decomposed fertilizer, mixing and stirring thoroughly to obtain a mixed fertilizer; Compost the mixed manure to get a special fertilizer for potatoes.

[0034] The preparation method provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to prepare the potato-specific fertilizer as described in any of the above technical solutions, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the potato-specific fertilizer of the above technical solutions.

[0035] The preparation method provided in the embodiment of the present application first buries cow dung and sheep dung in soil according to mass fractions for fermentation until fully decomposed to obtain decomposed fertilizer, then adds mass fractions of urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, plant ash, DMPP, NBPT, and γ-aminobutyric acid to the decomposed fertilizer, fully mixes and stirs to obtain mixed fertilizer, and finally composts the mixed fertilizer to obtain potato-specific fertilizer, which can make potatoes have good potato shape, fewer deformed fruits, smooth skin, developed root system, and large dry matter mass; high commodity rate, high yield, and high income for farmers. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and water utilization efficiency of potatoes are improved. The starch content of potatoes is increased and the incidence of scab is reduced.

[0036] In a feasible implementation, the step of composting the mixed fertilizer to obtain potato-specific fertilizer includes: processing the mixed fertilizer into piles, each pile being 35 to 45 centimeters in height; turning the compost pile 1 to 2 times a day to extract some water from the compost pile; and obtaining potato-specific fertilizer when the water content is 6 to 10%. This arrangement can ensure the effectiveness of the potato-specific fertilizer and reduce the water content.

[0037] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a fertilization method is proposed, which is applied to a potato-specific fertilizer as in any of the above technical solutions. The fertilization method includes: applying the potato-specific fertilizer once before planting potatoes.

[0038] The fertilization method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the potato-specific fertilizer of any of the above-mentioned technical solutions, so the fertilization method has all the beneficial effects of the potato-specific fertilizer of the above-mentioned technical solutions.

[0039] In the technical scheme, the application amount of potato-specific fertilizer is further provided. By determining the application amount, the potato has a good shape, few deformed fruits, smooth skin, developed root system, and large plant dry matter mass; the commodity rate is high, the yield is high, and the farmer's income is high. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and water utilization efficiency of potatoes are improved. The starch content of potatoes is increased, and the incidence of scab disease is reduced. At the same time, waste can be avoided.

[0040] Example 1 The potato fertilizer of the present embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of sheep dung, 35 parts of wood ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP (1% of pure nitrogen by mass), NBPT (0.2% of pure nitrogen by mass), γ-aminobutyric acid (0.1% of pure nitrogen by mass); among which, the mass ratio of N:P2O5 = 4:3.

[0041] The preparation method of the special fertilizer for potato of the present embodiment is as follows: 1) Bury the cow dung and sheep dung in the soil according to the above mass ratio and ferment for 2 months until they are fully decomposed; 2) Add the decomposed materials in step 1) to the above-mentioned parts by weight of urea, ammonium sulfate, wood ash, DMPP, NBPT, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and mix thoroughly and stir evenly; 3) Spread the fertilizer obtained in step 2) into a pile with a thickness of 40 cm and turn it over once a day. Air the fertilizer until the moisture content is 6-10%, and the potato fertilizer is obtained.

[0042] Example 2 The potato fertilizer of the present embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of sheep dung, 40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP (1% of pure nitrogen mass), NBPT (0.2% of pure nitrogen mass), and γ-aminobutyric acid (0.1% of pure nitrogen mass); the preparation method of the potato special fertilizer in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0043] Example 3 The potato fertilizer of the present embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of sheep dung, 30 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP (1% of pure nitrogen mass), NBPT (0.2% of pure nitrogen mass), and γ-aminobutyric acid (0.1% of pure nitrogen mass); the preparation method of the special fertilizer for potatoes in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0044] Test Example 1 The experiment was carried out in Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The experiment was set up at the Gansu Agricultural University Dryland Agriculture Comprehensive Experiment Station in Lijiabao Village, Lijiabao Town, Anding District. The area belongs to the mid-temperate semi-arid and arid zone, with an average annual sunshine duration of 2477 h and a solar radiation of 593 kJ / cm 2 The average annual temperature is 6.4 ℃, the accumulated temperature ≥0℃ is 2934℃, the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ is 2239℃, and the average annual frost-free period is 140 days. The average annual precipitation is 390 mm, with large inter-annual and intra-annual variations, and the annual evaporation is 1531 mm. The soil in the test area is loess soil, which is relatively soft, uniform in texture, and has good water storage performance. The soil layer is deep and uniform in texture, and the average soil bulk density of the 0-20 cm soil layer is 1.17 g / cm 3 , wilting moisture content is 7.3%, saturated moisture content is 28.6%, pH is 8.36, organic matter in the topsoil is 11.92 g / kg, total nitrogen is 0.78 g / kg, and total phosphorus is 1.81 g / kg.

[0045] The experiment has 5 treatments: Treatment 1: local conventional nitrogen application, N 200 kg / hm 2 +P2O5150 kg / hm 2 ; Treatment 2: local conventional nitrogen application, N 200 kg / hm 2 +DMPP (1% of N content) +P2O5 150 kg / hm 2 ; Treatment 3: local conventional nitrogen application, N 200 kg / hm 2 + NBPT (0.2% of N content) + P2O5 150 kg / hm 2 ; Treatment 4, the potato-specific fertilizer of Example 1 of the present invention; Treatment 5, no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) + P2O5 150 kg / hm 2 .

[0046] The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with 3 replicates. The plot area was 30 m 2 (5 m×6 m). Potatoes were planted using black film covered ridge cultivation technology, with a row spacing of 50 cm, a plant spacing of 40 cm, and a sowing density of 50,000 plants / hm2. 2 . The seeds were sown on May 2, 2023 and harvested on October 10. All fertilizers were applied once before planting. During the potato growth period, weeding was carried out manually, pests and diseases were prevented and controlled in time, and other management was the same as that of the field.

[0047] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on potato yield Since the rainfall in 2023 (230 mm) was significantly lower than the average rainfall in previous years (390 mm), potato yield decreased significantly. As shown in Table 1, nitrogen application is still one of the most important factors affecting potato yield in the dryland hilly area of ​​Longzhong. 2 ), the yield of treatment 4 increased by 1200 kg / hm2 compared with treatment 1 2 , 2989kg / hm2 higher than CK treatment 2 The potato-specific fertilizer of the present invention significantly increases potato yield and reduces the amount of urea used, and is one of the important development directions for energy conservation and efficiency improvement of the planting industry in arid areas such as Longzhong.

[0048] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency of potatoes The utilization efficiency of precipitation (water) is of great significance to crop production. As shown in Table 2, the water utilization efficiency of potatoes treated with the potato-specific fertilizer of the present invention is the highest, reaching 64.9 kg / mm·hm 2 , the precipitation utilization efficiency reached 55.9kg / mm·hm 2 There was no significant difference in water use efficiency among treatments 1, 2, and 3, and the water use efficiency of treatment CK was the lowest. A similar situation also occurred in precipitation use efficiency.

[0049] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on potato economic benefits Note: Potatoes are graded according to their weight, and are divided into three grades: small potatoes (less than 50 g), medium potatoes (50-100 g), and large potatoes (more than 100 g), which are counted and weighed separately. Among them, large and medium potatoes are commercial potatoes with commercial properties, and the commercial rate is the mass percentage of large and medium potato output in the total output.

[0050] The average number of potatoes per plant in treatment 4 was about 6, with almost no deformed fruits, and its commercial rate was at least 1 percentage point higher than that of other treatments. Under the same nitrogen and phosphorus application conditions, its economic benefit reached 15,014 yuan / hm2. 2 , higher than other treatments.

[0051] Table 4 Effects of different treatments on potato quality Note: The same letters for the indicators in the same treatment indicate that the difference is not significant (P>0.05), and different letters indicate that the difference is significant (P<0.05).

[0052] As can be seen from the above table, treatment 4 is superior to the other four treatments in terms of average single potato weight, starch content, scab incidence and other indicators, especially the scab incidence is significantly lower than the other treatments, indicating that the present invention has a strong effect on enhancing the disease resistance of potatoes.

[0053] In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. are directions or positional relationships, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0055] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0056] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for potatoes, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the potato fertilizer include, by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of sheep dung, 30-40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and γ-aminobutyric acid; Among them, the amount of DMPP accounts for 1% of the mass of pure nitrogen, the amount of NBPT accounts for 0.2% of the mass of pure nitrogen, and the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid accounts for 0.1% of the mass of pure nitrogen.

2. The potato-specific fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the potato fertilizer include, by weight: 45 parts of the cow dung, 30 parts of the sheep dung, 35 parts of the plant ash, 20 parts of the urea, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, DMPP, NBPT and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

3. The potato-specific fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 1.2 to 1.

5.

4. The potato-specific fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the potato-specific fertilizer to the mass of phosphorus pentoxide is 4:

3.

5. A preparation method, characterized in that: Used for preparing the potato-specific fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the preparation method comprising: Weigh according to the raw material ratio; The cow dung and sheep dung are buried in the soil according to the mass ratio for fermentation until they are fully decomposed to obtain decomposed fertilizer; Adding urea, ammonium sulfate, wood ash, DMPP, NBPT, and γ-aminobutyric acid in equal parts by weight to the decomposed fertilizer, mixing and stirring thoroughly to obtain a mixed fertilizer; The mixed fertilizer is composted to obtain the potato-specific fertilizer.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of composting the mixed fertilizer to obtain the potato-specific fertilizer comprises: The mixed fertilizer is divided into piles, and the height of each pile is 35 to 45 cm; Turning the compost pile 1 to 2 times a day to extract some of the water in the compost pile; When the moisture content is 6-10%, potato-specific fertilizer is obtained.

7. A fertilization method, characterized in that: The potato-specific fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilization method comprises: Apply potato-specific fertilizer once before planting potatoes.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The application amount of the potato-specific fertilizer is: the total fertilizer amount is 100 kg / mu.

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