Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deoiled leaf residue compost and preparation method thereof
By mixing the de-oiled camphor leaf residue with rapeseed cake, and adding conditioners and compound bacteria for composting and fermentation, the problem that the de-oiled camphor leaf residue is not easy to ferment and rot when composted is solved, and pH stability and composting are achieved. Improvement of ripening effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411308878.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-19
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-21
AI Technical Summary
The deoiled leaf residue of camphor is directly composted and treated with the treatment of direct fermentation and rotting, and the fermentation is unstable.
Mix the camphor's oil -off leaves with rapeseed cakes, add the conditioning agent (such as the re -biochand carbon or tea residue) and the composite bacteria, and the water content is adjusted and fermented.
Through this method, the pH of camphor deoiled leaf residue compost is stabilized during the fermentation process, which avoids the problem of slow start of decomposition and significantly improves the decomposition effect and quality of the compost.
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Figure CN119330782A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of compost preparation, and in particular to deoiled camphor leaf residue compost and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Agricultural waste is a type of organic-rich biomass discarded during the production and processing of agricultural products, mainly including plant waste, animal waste, processing by-products, waste and domestic garbage. However, most of these materials are rich in wood fiber and difficult to use directly. They are often directly discarded or incinerated, causing serious environmental pollution problems. Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of agricultural waste and realize waste resource utilization has become a hot topic in current research. At present, the main ways to use waste harmlessly are to turn it into fertilizer, feed and energy. Among them, using high-temperature aerobic composting to turn part of agricultural and forestry waste into fertilizer is the most traditional, effective and widely used method. This method uses microorganisms to promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter under high temperature conditions, which can not only degrade harmful substances but also increase the moisture and bulk density of the pile, and adjust the porosity of the pile. Adding it to the soil as a fertilizer can improve the soil's aggregate structure and physical and chemical properties. Therefore, composting technology is considered to have great potential in environmental protection and resource utilization.
[0003] At present, the processing of the de-oiled leaf residue of camphor tree is only used for edible fungus cultivation substitute or for the production of biomass fuel, and most of them are still piled up in the open air, which has a great impact on the environment. Studies have shown that the de-oiled leaf residue of camphor tree contains a lot of nutrient elements, so it is a high-quality raw material for making compost. The method of high-temperature composting can not only achieve the purpose of harmless treatment of the de-oiled leaf residue of camphor tree, but also solve environmental pollution and realize one of the better methods of resource utilization of agricultural waste, but the article about the composting of de-oiled leaf residue of camphor tree has not been reported. Simultaneously, the investigation in the early stage also found that the de-oiled leaf residue of camphor tree also has a large amount of secondary metabolites with antibacterial efficacy, which causes the problems of not being easy to start fermentation, slow fermentation and unstable fermentation with the direct composting of the de-oiled leaf residue of camphor tree, and therefore, screening the conditioner that can promote its composting is also a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the de-oiled camphor leaf residue is not easy to ferment and rot in direct composting in the prior art.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost is provided, comprising the following steps:
[0006] (1) mixing de-oiled camphor leaf residue and rapeseed meal to obtain a raw material, adding a conditioning agent and a composite bacterial agent, and mixing them uniformly to obtain a mixture;
[0007] (2) adjusting the water content of the mixture obtained in step (1), mixing the mixture evenly, and then composting and fermenting the mixture to obtain de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost.
[0008] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows:
[0009] Furthermore, in step (1), the particle size of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue is 1-3 cm.
[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is 20-30:1.
[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is 30:1.
[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is 20:1.
[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is 25:1.
[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:5-30.
[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:5.
[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:10.
[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:20.
[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:30.
[0019] Furthermore, in step (1), the volume ratio of the total volume of the raw materials and the conditioning agent to the volume of the composite bacterial agent is 900-1200:1.
[0020] Furthermore, in step (1), the volume ratio of the total volume of the raw materials and the conditioning agent to the volume of the composite bacterial agent is 1000:1.
[0021] Furthermore, in step (1), the conditioning agent is compound biochar or tea residue.
[0022] Furthermore, the composite biochar is a mixture of pyrolysis biochar and hydrothermal biochar in a mass ratio of 1:2.
[0023] Furthermore, the pyrolysis biochar is obtained by dry-heat treatment of organic materials at 500 °C for 2 h under CO2 atmosphere, and its pH is 9.5-11;
[0024] Furthermore, the hydrothermal biochar is an organic material that has been subjected to high pressure treatment at 240°C for 1 hour in a hydrothermal reactor, and its pH is 3.5-4.2. The pyrolysis biochar and the hydrothermal biochar are compounded in a ratio of 1:2.
[0025] The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: forming a pH stabilizing system during the fermentation process of de-oiled camphor leaf residue, overcoming the problem of slow composting start caused by the easy decrease of pH during the composting of de-oiled camphor leaf residue, and at the same time absorbing some allelopathic substances in the camphor leaf residue that inhibit fermentation microorganisms.
[0026] Furthermore, in step (1), when the conditioning agent is compound biochar, the mass ratio of de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:5.
[0027] Furthermore, in step (1), when the conditioning agent is compound biochar, the mass ratio of de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:10.
[0028] Furthermore, in step (1), when the conditioning agent is tea residue, the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:20.
[0029] Furthermore, in step (1), when the conditioning agent is tea residue, the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:30.
[0030] Furthermore, in step (1), the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of EM bacterial agent, Trichoderma harzianum, Coriolus versicolor, Trichoderma leucoderma and an organic material adjuvant.
[0031] Furthermore, the organic material adjuvant is prepared by the following method: diatomaceous earth, bran powder, corn powder and corn stalks are crushed, passed through a 0.25 mm sieve, and mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1:1.5:2.5.
[0032] Furthermore, in step (2), the water content is adjusted to 65-75 wt%.
[0033] Furthermore, in step (2), the water content is adjusted to 70 wt%.
[0034] Furthermore, in step (2), the compost is turned every 3 days in the early stage of compost fermentation, and when the temperature reaches 45-55°C, the compost is turned every 7 days. When the temperature drops to room temperature, the compost is continued to be piled and aged for 120 days to complete the compost fermentation process.
[0035] Furthermore, in step (2), the compost is turned once every 3 days in the early stage of compost fermentation, and when the temperature reaches 50°C, the compost is turned once every 7 days. When the temperature drops to room temperature, the compost is continued to be piled and aged for 120 days to complete the compost fermentation process.
[0036] The invention also provides de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost prepared by the method.
[0037] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0038] The de-oiled camphor leaf residue is the waste product after camphor oil is extracted from camphor leaves. It contains more wood fiber and elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbon, but also contains a small amount of camphor oil components with antibacterial and antimicrobial effects. It is crucial to select suitable conditioners for the composting according to the characteristics of the raw materials to promote the composting of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue.
[0039] The present invention utilizes rapeseed cake as a nitrogen source regulator, and uses compound biochar and tea residue as conditioners, and studies their effects on the fermentation maturity temperature, physical and chemical properties and biological toxicity of de-oiled camphor leaf residue composting. Through experiments, the optimal conditioner and ratio that can improve the composting efficiency and quality of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue are screened out, so as to provide a reference for the fertilizer utilization of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue.
[0040] Considering the fermentation temperature, physicochemical properties, biological toxicity and C / N ratio of fermentation materials, the composting effect of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue treatment group with 30% tea residue added was the best, followed by the treatment group with 5% compound biochar added. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] Figure 1 The effect of biochar on the composting temperature of de-oiled Cinnamomum camphora leaf residue;
[0042] Figure 2 The effect of tea residue on the composting temperature of de-oiled camphor leaf residue;
[0043] Figure 3 Changes in pH value of compost during composting
[0044] Figure 4 The change of EC value of compost during composting;
[0045] Figure 5 is the change of organic carbon content before and after composting;
[0046] Figure 6 For rapeseed seed germination potential;
[0047] Figure 7 For the germination potential of triticale seeds;
[0048] Figure 8 For the germination potential of alfalfa seeds;
[0049] Fig. 9 is the rapeseed germination index;
[0050] Fig.10 is the triticale seed germination index;
[0051] Fig.11 It is the germination index of alfalfa seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
[0053] The deoiled camphor leaf residue used in this invention was taken from Yibin Chenyu Forestry Co., Ltd., rapeseed cake was purchased from the local market in Yibin, the compound biochar was provided by Shiliwang Fertilizer Co., Ltd., and the waste tea residue leaves were taken from Yibin Yixing Agriculture Co., Ltd. The composite bacterial agent was purchased from the finished EM bacterial agent and then added with Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma velvetii, Trichoderma leucopsis and organic material adjuvant (the organic material adjuvant was prepared by the following method: diatomaceous earth, bran powder, corn powder and corn stalk powder were crushed, passed through a 0.25mm sieve, and mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1:1.5:2.5.) The EM bacterial agent was purchased from Henan Shuanghui Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.; the biological toxicity test used rapeseed of the Cruciferae family, rye of the Gramineae family, and alfalfa of the Leguminosae family, and the seeds were purchased from Beijing Zhengdao Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd.
[0054] The deoiled camphor leaf residue contains 54.11wt% carbon and 1.54wt% nitrogen;
[0055] Rapeseed cake contains 5.51wt% carbon and 26.16wt% nitrogen.
[0056] Example 1: (B5)
[0057] A compost of deoiled camphor leaf residue, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:
[0058] (1) Using a high-temperature aerobic composting method, de-oiled camphor leaf residue and rapeseed cake were mixed in a 300-liter composting bin to obtain a raw material (with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30:1), and a conditioning agent (compounded biochar) and 300 mL of a composite bacterial agent were added and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the compounded biochar was 100:5;
[0059] (2) The mixture obtained in step (1) is adjusted to have a water content of 70 wt %, stirred and mixed uniformly, and then composted. Before the composting, the compost is poured out of the plastic barrel and turned over once every 3 days. When the temperature reaches 50° C., the compost is turned over once every 7 days. When the temperature drops to room temperature, the compost is continued to be piled and aged for 120 days to complete the composting process and obtain de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost.
[0060] Example 2: (B10)
[0061] A compost of deoiled camphor leaf residue, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:
[0062] In step (1), the mass ratio of de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the composite biochar is 100:10, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0063] Example 3: (T20)
[0064] A compost of deoiled camphor leaf residue, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:
[0065] In step (1), the conditioning agent is tea residue, and the mass ratio of de-oiled camphor leaf residue to tea residue is 100:20, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0066] Example 4: (T30)
[0067] A compost of deoiled camphor leaf residue, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:
[0068] In step (1), the conditioning agent is tea residue, and the mass ratio of de-oiled camphor leaf residue to tea residue is 100:30, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0069] Comparative Example 1: (CK1)
[0070] A compost of deoiled camphor leaf residue, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:
[0071] No conditioning agent is included, and the rest is the same as Example 1.
[0072] Comparative Example 2: (CK2)
[0073] A compost preparation method comprises the following steps:
[0074] The raw material is tea dregs, and no conditioning agent is included, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0075] Test example
[0076] The composts prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested for performance. The specific testing method was as follows: when turning the compost, about 500 g of sample was taken from the center of the compost, and the sample was divided into two parts, one part was refrigerated in the form of a fresh sample for biological toxicity analysis, and the other part was dried, crushed, and then sieved through a 2 mm sieve for the determination of the physicochemical properties of the mature compost.
[0077] 1. Pile temperature measurement
[0078] Tie the probe of the electronic digital thermometer to a bamboo pole and bury it in the center of the upper, middle and lower parts of the camphor tree pile. Record the time at 11 a.m. and 16 p.m. every day, and also record the room temperature.
[0079] 2. Determination of water content
[0080] Put the aluminum box to be used (mass of the aluminum box is m0) into an oven and bake it at 105°C to constant weight. Weigh about 5.0g of fresh compost sample (mass is m1) in a crucible, put it into an oven and bake it at 105°C for 8 hours. Cool it in a dryer for 30 minutes and then weigh it (mass is m2). Repeat three times in each group and substitute it into the following formula to calculate the moisture content.
[0081]
[0082] 3. pH and EC value determination
[0083] Weigh 2.0 g of air-dried, crushed compost sample (passed through a 2 mm sieve), put it in a small beaker, add 20 ml of distilled water at a ratio of 1:10, stir for 2 min, soak for 2 h, filter to obtain the extract, and determine the pH value of the extract with a pH meter, repeating three times.
[0084] Weigh 2.0 g of air-dried, crushed compost sample (passed through a 2 mm sieve), place it in a small beaker, add 20 ml of distilled water, soak and shake for 2 h, filter into a dry Erlenmeyer flask, and measure the conductivity of the filtrate with an EC meter. Repeat three times.
[0085] 4. Determination of bulk density
[0086] Weigh the mass of the ring blade (m6), fill the ring blade with the composted sample (volume V), place it in an oven at 105°C and dry it to constant weight, weigh the mass of the ring blade at this time (m7), and calculate it according to the following formula.
[0087]
[0088] 5. Determination of porosity
[0089] The air-dried and crushed sample (passed through a 2 mm sieve) was filled in a ring knife of a certain volume (V) and weighed (m8). The ring knife was filled with water (saturated state) and soaked for 48 hours before weighing (m9). After draining the water, it was weighed (m10). The calculation was performed according to the following formula, where Ma is the total porosity, Mb is the ventilation porosity, and Mc is the water-holding pores.
[0090] Ma=(m9-m8) / Vx100%Mb=(m9-m10) / Vx100%Mc=Ma-Mb.
[0091] 6. Determination of organic carbon
[0092] Wash the unused crucible and place it in a 105℃ oven to constant weight (m3). Weigh about 5g of sample powder into the crucible, place it in an oven at 120℃ and bake for 2h and weigh it (m4). Place the weighed crucible obliquely on an electric furnace to heat and carbonize it. After burning until there is no smoke, place the crucible in a Maboise furnace, adjust the temperature to 550℃ and burn for 24h until the sample becomes white powder, weigh the crucible again (m5). Repeat three times in each group and substitute into the following formula to calculate the organic carbon content.
[0093]
[0094] 7. Determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus
[0095] Total nitrogen was determined by (concentrated sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide-flow analyzer method), and total phosphorus was determined by (concentrated sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide-molybdenum antimony colorimetry-ultraviolet light photometry).
[0096] 8. Determination of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium
[0097] The available nitrogen was determined by the alkaline diffusion method, the available phosphorus was determined by the molybdenum antimony colorimetry-ultraviolet photometry, and the available potassium was determined by the ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry.
[0098] 9. Determination of biological indicators
[0099] Soak the fresh sample to be tested and distilled water in a ratio of 1:10 for 48 hours, filter to obtain the extract, place the seeds of rye, rapeseed, and alfalfa in a beaker, soak them in distilled water for 4 hours, put 80 seeds in a germination box covered with filter paper, add 10 mL of extract, and use distilled water as a blank control for the test, culture at a constant temperature of 28°C under appropriate light conditions, and repeat two groups for each treatment. On the 4th day of culture, measure the seed germination potential, and on the 10th day of culture, measure the seed germination rate, and measure the root length, sprout length, and dry weight (whole plant) for recording. Use the following formula to calculate the germination index, where TY is the germination rate of the treatment, TG is the root length of the treatment, KY is the germination rate of the control, and KG is the root length of the control. GI = TY × TG / KY × KG
[0100] 1. The results of pile temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1-2 .
[0101] Depend on Figure 1-2 It can be seen that biochar and tea residues and their addition ratio have a certain relationship with the duration of the high-temperature stage and the degree of maturity of the Cinnamomum camphora leaf residue pile. The composite biochar can significantly increase the maximum temperature of the composting of de-oiled Cinnamomum camphora leaf residue, and the treatment group with an addition of 10% has the best effect. Tea residues can promote the maturity of the de-oiled Cinnamomum camphora leaf residue, and the treatment group with an addition of 30% is even better.
[0102] 2. The results of moisture content measurement showed that the moisture content of the pile in each group was about 20%, which was in line with the standard of "Organic Fertilizer" of less than 30%.
[0103] 3. The results of pH and EC value determination are shown in Figure 3-4 .
[0104] Depend on Figure 3-4 It can be seen that adding conditioners can effectively increase the pH value of de-oiled camphor leaf residue and tea residue piles. The pH values of each treatment group are B5>T20>B10>T30, but the variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference among the treatment groups.
[0105] Adding conditioners can significantly reduce the EC value of compost, and the compost with tea residue as the conditioner at a content of 20% has the least toxicity to plant organisms, followed by B5.
[0106] 4. The results of bulk density and porosity determination are shown in Table 1.
[0107] Table 1 Changes in bulk density and porosity before and after composting
[0108]
[0109]
[0110] As shown in Table 1, the T30 treatment had the best composting effect and the strongest water holding capacity.
[0111] 5. Results of organic carbon content are shown in Figure 5 .
[0112] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the addition of compound biochar and tea residue as two conditioning agents can effectively improve the degree and efficiency of compost maturity. The extent of organic carbon degradation is B10>T30>B5>T20. In the biochar group, the B10 group decreased the most, and in the tea residue group, the T30 group decreased the most.
[0113] 6. The test results of total nutrient content and C / N ratio are shown in Table 2.
[0114] Table 2 Total nutrient content and C / N ratio of compost
[0115]
[0116] As shown in Table 2, the addition of compound biochar and tea residue can significantly increase the total nitrogen nutrient and total phosphorus content of the compost, as well as promote the mineralization and decomposition of organic matter in the compost, effectively improving the quality of the compost.
[0117] 7. The test results of the available nutrient content are shown in Table 3.
[0118] Table 3 Compost available nutrient content
[0119]
[0120]
[0121] As shown in Table 3, the 30% tea residue treatment group had the most obvious effect on improving the available nutrients of de-oiled Cinnamomum camphora leaf residue compost, followed by the 5% biochar group.
[0122] 8. Determination of biological indicators Figure 6-11 and Table 4-7 (CK group is the clear water group).
[0123] Table 4 Changes in root and sprout length of rapeseed seedlings
[0124]
[0125] Table 5 Changes in root and shoot length of triticale seedlings
[0126]
[0127] Table 6 Changes in root and sprout length of alfalfa seedlings
[0128]
[0129] Table 7 Dry weight of rapeseed, triticale and alfalfa seedlings
[0130]
[0131] Depend on Figure 6-11 As shown in Tables 4-7, the de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost has reached a mature and non-biotoxic state. Combined with germination potential, root length, shoot length, biomass and germination index, the tea residue treatment group has an overall better effect than the biochar treatment group. This may be because the tea residue group is more fully decomposed than the biochar group and has the least biotoxic effect on seeds. According to the data, the extracts of each treatment group at different times will have a certain inhibitory effect on seeds, which may be related to the changes in microbial communities, synthesis and decomposition of substances during the composting process. The different responses of the three seeds are due to the different biological characteristics of the seeds. Among all the treatment groups, the 30% tea residue treatment group had the best effect, followed by the 5% compound biochar treatment group.
[0132] In summary, the effects of the two conditioning agents on the physical properties of de-oiled camphor leaf residue during composting and fermentation
[0133] The addition of different proportions of biochar and tea residue has a significant promoting effect on the composting fermentation of de-oiled camphor leaf residue. The temperature of the pile changes with the type and amount of additives, and the overall state is that it first increases, then decreases, and finally stabilizes. The pile temperature of the different conditioning agent treatment groups was maintained above 50℃ for more than 5 days, which meets the national standard for harmless composting. The temperature of the compound biochar group rose faster and the high temperature was higher, which may be due to the fact that the compound biochar is rich in pores and has good buffering capacity, which can provide a stable acid-base environment and habitat for fermentation microorganisms. However, the temperature drop rate of the biochar group is also greater than that of the tea residue group. The fermentation and decomposition time period of the tea residue group is longer than that of the compound biochar group, indicating that the tea residue group is more thoroughly decomposed than the biochar group, which may be due to the higher nitrogen content of the tea residue, which provides more nutrients for microorganisms. During the composting process, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation and decomposition time period of the 10% biochar and 30% tea residue treatment groups were the highest, respectively, and reached the composting maturity standard.
[0134] Different addition amounts of biochar and tea residue had almost no effect on the moisture and bulk density of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost, which were all within a reasonable range. The pH, EC and total porosity of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost in different treatment groups changed greatly with fermentation and maturity. The pH gradually increased and then slightly decreased. This may be because the organic nitrogen underwent strong mineralization and decomposition under the action of microorganisms in the early stage of composting, and a large amount of NH3 was produced, resulting in a rapid increase in pH. Subsequently, multiple composting caused a large amount of NH3 to volatilize. In addition, the nitrification was enhanced, producing a large amount of H + The pH dropped and finally reached stability. EC gradually decreased, which may be related to the fact that during the composting process, with the change of temperature, the structure, activity and function of the microbial community in the pile changed greatly. The total porosity was also lower than that of CK1, which may be because the treatment group was more fully decomposed than CK1, forming granular structures such as humus, and the volume was reduced to a greater extent. After fermentation and decomposition, there was no difference in pH and total porosity among the treatments. EC showed B10>T30>B5>T20. The aeration porosity and water holding porosity were both optimal in the 30% tea residue treatment group, followed by the 10% biochar treatment group.
[0135] 2. Effects of two conditioning agents on the chemical properties of de-oiled camphor leaf residue before and after composting
[0136] Different addition amounts of compound biochar and tea residue also had significant effects on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the compost of de-oiled camphor leaf residue. Adding biochar and tea residue can significantly increase the total and available nutrient content of the composted materials, but different additives and addition amounts have different effects, which may be related to the loose and porous compound biochar with adsorption effect, the tea residue can inhibit the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen such as ammonium sulfate and urea during composting, and the conditioner itself contains a high nutrient content. The nutrient indexes of the 5% addition amount in the compound biochar treatment group were the best, and the nutrient indexes of the 30% tea residue addition amount in the tea residue treatment group were the best, and the nutrient content of the 30% tea residue treatment group was better than that of the 5% compound biochar treatment group.
[0137] The addition of biochar and tea residue had a significant effect on the maturity of deoiled camphor leaf residue compost. In the final stage of compost maturity, the C / N ratio of each treatment was significantly lower than that of CK1, and all were lower than 20:1, reaching the standard of complete compost maturity. [9] The C / N ratio of the treatment group was lower than that of CK1, which may be because the addition of the conditioner promoted the mineralization and decomposition of organic matter in the pile, and the retention and increase of nitrogen. The C / N ratio of the 30% tea residue treatment group was the lowest, and the 5% content group was the lowest in the compound biochar group.
[0138] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing de-oiled camphor leaf residue and rapeseed meal to obtain a raw material, adding a conditioning agent and a composite bacterial agent, and mixing them uniformly to obtain a mixture; (2) adjusting the water content of the mixture obtained in step (1), mixing the mixture evenly, and then composting and fermenting the mixture to obtain de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost.
2. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is 20-30:
1.
3. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is 30:
1.
4. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass ratio of the de-oiled camphor leaf residue to the conditioning agent is 100:5-30.
5. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the volume ratio of the total volume of the raw materials and the conditioning agent to the volume of the composite bacterial agent is 900-1200:
1.
6. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the conditioning agent is compound biochar or tea residue.
7. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of EM bacterial agent, Trichoderma harzianum, Coriolus versicolor, Trichoderma leucoderma and organic material adjuvant.
8. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the water content is adjusted to 65-75 wt%.
9. The method for preparing de-oiled camphor leaf residue compost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the compost is turned once every 3 days in the early stage of compost fermentation. When the temperature reaches 45-55°C, the compost is turned once every 7 days. When the temperature drops to room temperature, the compost is continued to be piled and aged for 120 days to complete the compost fermentation process.
10. De-oiled camphor tree leaf residue compost obtained by the method for preparing de-oiled camphor tree leaf residue compost according to any one of claims 1 to 9.