Buffer energy absorption assembly, buffer energy absorption device and characteristic evaluation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a buffer energy absorption assembly, a buffer energy absorption device and a characteristic evaluation method, the buffer energy absorption assembly comprises a connecting rod, a first plate body and a second plate body, and the first plate body and the second plate body are opposite in a first direction; each connecting rod comprises a first end and a second end which are opposite in the length direction of the connecting rod, the first end of each connecting rod is connected with the first plate body, the second end of each connecting rod is connected with the second plate body, the first ends of the connecting rods are spaced in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of the connecting rods are spaced in the circumferential direction of the second plate body. The second ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, and the connecting rods are made of SMA materials. The buffering energy absorption assembly has high energy absorption efficiency and can be used for multiple times.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy absorbing devices, and in particular to a buffer energy absorbing component, a buffer energy absorbing device and a characteristic evaluation method. Background Art

[0002] Buffering energy absorption structures are an important part of vehicles in various fields including automobiles, rail vehicles, aerospace, etc. When a vehicle collides, the kinetic energy it carries will cause casualties or property losses. It is necessary to design and install a buffering energy absorption structure, which can use the plastic deformation of the shape memory alloy structure to dissipate the impact energy when the collision occurs. Shape memory alloy (Shape Memory Alloy, abbreviated as SMA) is a smart material with excellent mechanical properties, including superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME), which makes SMA feasible in structural buffering energy absorption and can be used repeatedly within a certain strain range. The essence of the two mechanical properties of SE and SME is the process of mutual transformation between the martensite phase and the austenite phase of SMA under stress or temperature excitation. SMA under superelasticity forms a stress-strain curve with hysteresis effect during loading and unloading, which enables it to have a certain ability to buffer energy absorption and recover deformation. The shape memory effect uses heating to cause the material to undergo phase change and thus recover deformation.

[0003] The buffer energy absorption structure in the related art is composed of multiple single cells arranged in an array, and each single cell includes multiple side walls. The buffer energy absorption structure is stable and controllable during deformation. However, after absorbing the impact energy, the buffer energy absorption structure in the related art has a poor recovery effect, making it difficult to achieve multiple uses. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a buffering and energy absorbing component, which has high energy absorbing efficiency and can be used multiple times.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a buffering energy absorbing device, which has the buffering energy absorbing component of the above embodiment.

[0007] The buffer energy absorption assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it includes: a first plate body and a second plate body, the first plate body and the second plate body are opposite to each other in a first direction; a connecting rod, the connecting rod is multiple, each of the connecting rods includes a first end and a second end opposite to each other in its length direction, the first end of each connecting rod is connected to the first plate body, and the second end of each connecting rod is connected to the second plate body, the first ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, and the connecting rods are made of SMA material.

[0008] The buffering and energy absorbing assembly of the embodiment of the present invention connects a plurality of connecting rods between the first plate body and the second plate body, and the material of the plurality of connecting rods is SMA material. Therefore, when the buffering and energy absorbing assembly of the embodiment of the present invention is subjected to a load parallel to the axial direction of the first plate body, the deformation mode of the plurality of connecting rods is single, which not only enables the plurality of connecting rods to fully absorb energy, but also enables the structure of the plurality of connecting rods to recover. Therefore, the buffering and energy absorbing assembly of the embodiment of the present invention can be used multiple times.

[0009] Therefore, the buffer energy absorbing assembly of the embodiment of the present invention has a higher energy absorbing efficiency and can be used repeatedly.

[0010] In some embodiments, the extending direction of each of the connecting rods is consistent with the first direction, and the axial direction of the first plate body and the axial direction of the second plate body are both consistent with the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, each of the connecting rods is arranged to be inclined relative to the axial direction of the first plate body, and the axial direction of the first plate body and the axial direction of the second plate body are both consistent with the first direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the plurality of connecting rods are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the rotation directions of the plurality of connecting rods are consistent, the first ends of the plurality of connecting rods are equidistantly spaced in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of the plurality of connecting rods are equidistantly spaced in the circumferential direction of the first plate body.

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of connecting rods are divided into a plurality of connecting rod groups, and the plurality of connecting rod groups are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and a portion of the connecting rods in each connecting rod group is symmetrical with another portion of the connecting rods in the same connecting rod group about a first preset plane corresponding to the same connecting rod group, wherein the central axis of the first plate body is located in the first preset plane.

[0014] In some embodiments, each connecting rod group includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are symmetrical about a first preset plane corresponding to the connecting rod group, and multiple first connecting rods in multiple connecting rod groups are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the rotation directions of multiple first connecting rods are consistent, and the first ends of multiple first connecting rods in multiple connecting rod groups are equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of multiple first connecting rods in multiple connecting rod groups are equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, and multiple second connecting rods in multiple connecting rod groups are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the rotation directions of multiple second connecting rods are consistent, and the first ends of multiple second connecting rods in multiple connecting rod groups are equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of multiple second connecting rods in multiple connecting rod groups are equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body.

[0015] In some embodiments, the extension direction of each connecting rod is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first plate body, and multiple connecting rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the axial direction of the first plate body and the axial direction of the second plate body are both consistent with the first direction.

[0016] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of connecting rods is located in a second preset plane, the second preset plane is located between the first plate body and the second plate body in the first direction, and the second preset plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first plate body further includes a first body and a first protrusion, there are multiple first protrusions, multiple first protrusions are arranged on the surface of the first body adjacent to the side of the second plate body, and multiple first protrusions are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and multiple first ends are connected to the multiple first protrusions one by one; the second plate body further includes a second body and a second protrusion, there are multiple second protrusions, multiple second protrusions are arranged on the surface of the second body adjacent to the side of the first plate body, and multiple second protrusions are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, multiple second ends are connected to the multiple second protrusions one by one, and at least a portion of the first protrusions and at least a portion of the second protrusions are opposite to each other in the circumferential direction.

[0018] The buffering energy absorbing device of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a buffering energy absorbing component, wherein the buffering energy absorbing component is the buffering energy absorbing component of any of the above embodiments, and there are multiple buffering energy absorbing components, and the multiple buffering energy absorbing components are stacked in a first direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer energy absorption component of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer energy absorption component of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the connecting rods of the buffer energy absorption assembly of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer energy absorption component of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer energy absorption component of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer energy absorption device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is the stress-strain curve of SMA material under SE and SME.

[0026] Figure 8 It is the force-displacement response curve of SMA material under SE embodiment A1, A2, A3.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is the force-displacement response curve of the SMA material in Examples A1, A2 and A3 under SME.

[0028] Fig.10 It is a comparison curve of the test, simulation and theoretical analysis of the force-displacement response of Example A4 of the SMA material under SE.

[0029] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the buffer energy absorbing device according to an embodiment of the present invention being stretched after being subjected to a load.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] Buffering energy absorbing component 100;

[0032] First plate 1; first body 11; first protrusion 12; second plate 2; second body 21; second protrusion 22;

[0033] Connecting rod 3; first end 31; second end 32; first connecting rod 301; second connecting rod 302;

[0034] Buffering energy absorbing device 1000; first buffering energy absorbing component 101; second buffering energy absorbing component 102; shell 200; accommodating cavity 201; socket 202; push-pull rod 300; stop ring 400. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] The energy absorbing and buffering assembly 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the buffer energy absorption assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first plate body 1, a second plate body 2, a connecting rod 3,

[0038] The first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 are opposite to each other in the first direction, and there are multiple connecting rods 3, each of which includes a first end 31 and a second end 32 opposite to each other in the length direction thereof. The first end 31 of each connecting rod 3 is connected to the first plate body 1, and the second end 32 of each connecting rod 3 is connected to the second plate body 2. The first ends 31 of the multiple connecting rods 3 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and the second ends 32 of the multiple connecting rods 3 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body 2, and the connecting rods 3 are made of SMA material.

[0039] The buffer energy absorption module in the related art has multiple single cells, each of which has at least one pore, and multiple single cells are connected to each other to form a porous structure. The buffer energy absorption module adopts nickel-titanium memory alloy or iron-based memory alloy to enable the single cells to enhance the load resistance of the energy absorption structure after load yielding, and has high local structural strength and stiffness. However, after absorbing the impact energy, the buffer energy absorption module in the related art has a poor structural recovery effect or even cannot achieve structural recovery, so it cannot be used multiple times.

[0040] The inventors have found that when the buffer energy absorption module in the related art is subjected to a unidirectional load, it dissipates energy by crushing to form a plastic hinge. However, when subjected to a load, the buffer energy absorption module has a complex deformation mode, which includes at least one of the deformation modes of stretching, compression, bending, etc. Therefore, the energy absorption characteristics of the SMA material cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a poor recovery effect of the buffer energy absorption module or even the inability to achieve structural recovery.

[0041] The buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention connects a plurality of connecting rods 3 between the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2, and the material of the plurality of connecting rods 3 is SMA material. Therefore, when the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is stretched in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the first plate body 1, the deformation mode of the plurality of connecting rods 3 is single, which not only enables the plurality of connecting rods 3 to fully absorb energy, but also enables the structure of the plurality of connecting rods 3 to recover. Therefore, the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can be used multiple times.

[0042] Therefore, the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention has a higher energy absorbing efficiency and can be used multiple times.

[0043] In order to make the present application easier to understand, the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is further described below by taking the axial direction of the first plate body 1 as an example in which the vertical direction is consistent with the vertical direction.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the connecting rod 3 can be NiTi-based memory alloy, Cu-based memory alloy or Fe-based memory alloy. In other words, the material of the connecting rod 3 can be NiTi-based memory alloy; or, the material of the connecting rod 3 can be Cu-based memory alloy; or, the material of the connecting rod 3 can be Fe-based memory alloy; or, the material of the connecting rod 3 can also be other SMA materials.

[0045] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting rod 3 may be circular; or, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting rod 3 may be square; or, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting rod 3 may also be other polygonal shapes.

[0046] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 5 The structure of the energy absorbing component 100 according to multiple specific embodiments of the present invention is described.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] Figure 1 The structure of the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 in the first embodiment is shown.

[0049] In the first embodiment, the extension direction of each connecting rod 3 is consistent with the up-down direction, and the axial direction of the first plate body 1 and the axial direction of the second plate body 2 are both consistent with the up-down direction. In other words, the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 are parallel to each other and are both perpendicular to the first direction, and each connecting rod 3 is connected between the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2, and each connecting rod 3 is perpendicular to each of the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2.

[0050] Specifically, the plurality of connecting rods 3 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1 , and the spacing angle of adjacent connecting rods 3 in the circumferential direction is β.

[0051] β=360° / n,

[0052] Wherein, n is the number of connecting rods 3. For example, the number of connecting rods 3 may be 3, and β is 120°; or, the number of connecting rods 3 may be 4, and β is 90°.

[0053] In some embodiments, Figure 3-Figure 4As shown, each connecting rod 3 is tilted relative to the axial direction of the first plate body 1, and the axial direction of the first plate body 1 and the axial direction of the second plate body 2 are both consistent with the up-down direction. In other words, the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 are parallel to each other and are both perpendicular to the first direction, and the multiple connecting rods 3 are not perpendicular to the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] Figure 2 and Figure 3 The structure of the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 in the second embodiment is shown.

[0056] In the second embodiment, a plurality of connecting rods 3 are arranged in an array on the circumference of the first plate body 1, and the rotation directions of the plurality of connecting rods 3 are consistent, the first ends 31 of the plurality of connecting rods 3 are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the first plate body 1, and the second ends 32 of the plurality of connecting rods 3 are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the first plate body 1. In other words, each of the plurality of connecting rods 3 is arranged to be tilted relative to the axial direction of the first plate body 1, and each of the plurality of connecting rods 3 is rotated by a certain angle around the central axis of the first plate body 1, and one of the plurality of connecting rods 3 can be overlapped with each of the remaining plurality of connecting rods 3, that is, the rotation directions of the plurality of connecting rods 3 are consistent. In other words, the plurality of connecting rods 3 of the buffer energy absorption assembly 100 in the second embodiment can be obtained by rotating a connecting rod 3 tilted relative to the first plate body 1 around the central axis of the first plate body 1 to form an array with the remaining plurality of connecting rods 3.

[0057] Specifically, the first end 31 of each connecting rod 3 and the first end 31 of another connecting rod 3 adjacent to the one connecting rod 3 are spaced apart by a distance d1 in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and the first end 31 of the one connecting rod 3 and another connecting rod 3 adjacent to the one connecting rod 3 are spaced apart by a distance d2 in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and d1 is equal to d2. The second end 32 of each connecting rod 3 and the second end 32 of the one connecting rod 3 adjacent to the one connecting rod 3 are spaced apart by a distance d3 in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and the second end 32 of the one connecting rod 3 and the second end 32 of another connecting rod 3 adjacent to the one connecting rod 3 are spaced apart by a distance d4 in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and d3 is equal to d2.

[0058] The circumferential spacing angle between the first ends 31 of two adjacent connecting rods 3 and the circumferential spacing angle between the second ends 32 of the two connecting rods 3 are both β, where β=360° / n, n is the number of connecting rods 3. The length l of each connecting rod 3 is:

[0059] l=2R cosθ / cosα,

[0060] Wherein, α is the angle between each connecting rod 3 and its projection on the first plate body 1, 0°<α<90°. θ is the angle between the projection of the connecting rod 3 on the first plate body 1 and the first end 31 of the connecting rod 3 and the line connecting the center of the first plate body 1. R is the radius of the curvature circle where the plurality of second ends 32 are located.

[0061] It should be noted that, the larger the angle between each connecting rod 3 of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 and its projection on the first plate body 1 in the second embodiment, the greater the stiffness of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction; the smaller the angle between each connecting rod 3 of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 and its projection on the first plate body 1, the smaller the stiffness of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction.

[0062] Embodiment 3

[0063] Figure 4 The structure of the buffering and energy absorbing component 100 in the third embodiment is shown.

[0064] In the third embodiment, a plurality of connecting rods 3 form a plurality of connecting rod groups, and the plurality of connecting rod groups are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and a portion of the connecting rods 3 in each connecting rod group is symmetrical with another portion of the connecting rods 3 in the connecting rod group about the first preset plane corresponding to the connecting rod group, wherein the central axis of the first plate body 1 is located in the first preset plane. In other words, the plurality of connecting rod groups correspond to the plurality of first preset planes one by one, and a certain angle is formed between different first preset planes.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, each connecting rod group includes a first connecting rod 301 and a second connecting rod 302, and the first connecting rod 301 and the second connecting rod 302 are symmetrical about the first preset plane corresponding to the connecting rod group. The multiple first connecting rods 301 in the multiple connecting rod groups are arranged in an array on the circumference of the first plate body 1, and the rotation directions of the multiple first connecting rods 301 are consistent, and the first ends 31 of the multiple first connecting rods 301 in the multiple connecting rod groups are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the first plate body 1, and the second ends 32 of the multiple first connecting rods 301 in the multiple connecting rod groups are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the second plate body 2. The multiple second connecting rods 302 in the multiple connecting rod groups are arranged in an array on the circumference of the first plate body 1, and the rotation directions of the multiple second connecting rods 302 are consistent, and the first ends 31 of the multiple second connecting rods 302 in the multiple connecting rod groups are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the first plate body 1, and the second ends 32 of the multiple second connecting rods 302 in the multiple connecting rod groups are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the second plate body 2.

[0066] In other words, the plurality of first connecting rods 301 of the buffer energy absorption assembly 100 in the third embodiment can be obtained by rotating a first connecting rod 301 tilted relative to the first plate body 1 around the central axis of the first plate body 1 to obtain the remaining plurality of connecting rods 3; similarly, the plurality of second connecting rods 302 can be obtained by rotating a second connecting rod 302 tilted relative to the first plate body 1 around the central axis of the first plate body 1 to obtain the remaining plurality of connecting rods 3. The first connecting rod 301 and the second connecting rod 302 in one connecting rod group are symmetrical about the first preset plane corresponding to the one connecting rod group, and the one first preset plane is parallel to the first connecting rod 301 and the second connecting rod 302 in the one connecting rod group.

[0067] The first connecting rod 301 and the second connecting rod 302 in each connecting rod group of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 of the third embodiment are symmetrical about the first preset plane corresponding to the one connecting rod group. When the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 of the third embodiment is stretched, the first connecting rod 301 and the second connecting rod 302 in the same connecting rod group will generate torques in opposite directions, so that the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 will not rotate relative to each other. The buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 only translates in the up-down direction in the stretched state, thereby ensuring the energy absorption efficiency of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100.

[0068] It should be noted that, the larger the angle between each connecting rod 3 of the buffer and energy absorbing assembly 100 in the second embodiment and its projection on the first plate body 1 , the greater the rigidity of the buffer and energy absorbing assembly 100 in the up-down direction.

[0069] Figure 5 The structure of the buffering and energy absorbing assembly 100 in the fourth embodiment is shown.

[0070] In the fourth embodiment, the extension direction of each connecting rod 3 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first plate body 1, and the multiple connecting rods 3 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and the axial direction of the first plate body 1 and the axial direction of the second plate body 2 are consistent with the up-down direction. In other words, each connecting rod 3 is parallel to the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2.

[0071] The length l of each connecting rod 3 of the buffer energy absorption assembly 100 in the fourth embodiment is Wherein, R is the radius of the curvature circle where the second ends 32 of the plurality of connecting rods 3 are located. β is the spacing angle between the second ends 32 of two adjacent connecting rods 3 in the circumferential direction.

[0072] Specifically, each of the plurality of connecting rods 3 is located on a second preset plane, the second preset plane is located between the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2, and the second preset plane is perpendicular to the up-down direction.

[0073] like Figure 5As shown, the first plate body 1 further includes a first body 11 and a first protrusion 12, the first protrusion 12 is multiple, the multiple first protrusions 12 are arranged on the surface of the first body 11 adjacent to the second plate body 2, and the multiple first protrusions 12 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and the multiple first ends 31 are connected to the multiple first protrusions 12 in a one-to-one correspondence. The second plate body 2 further includes a second body 21 and a second protrusion 22, the second protrusion 22 is multiple, the multiple second protrusions 22 are arranged on the surface of the second body 21 adjacent to the first plate body 1, and the multiple second protrusions 22 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body 2, and the multiple second ends 32 are connected to the multiple second protrusions 22 in a one-to-one correspondence, and at least a portion of the first protrusion 12 and at least a portion of the second protrusion 22 are opposite in the circumferential direction. Thereby, the multiple connecting rods 3 are all located in the second preset plane.

[0074] It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments, the rigidity of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction is related to the radial size of the connecting rod 3 and the number of the connecting rods 3. The larger the radial size of the connecting rod 3, the larger the rigidity of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction; the smaller the radial size of the connecting rod 3, the smaller the rigidity of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction. The larger the number of the connecting rods 3, the larger the rigidity of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction; the smaller the number of the connecting rods 3, the smaller the rigidity of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 in the vertical direction.

[0075] Under the condition that the material, number and radial size of the connecting rod 3 are consistent, the stiffness of the buffering energy absorbing assembly 100 in the above embodiments in the vertical direction is: the stiffness of the buffering energy absorbing assembly 100 in the first embodiment in the vertical direction> the stiffness of the buffering energy absorbing assembly 100 in the second embodiment (or the third embodiment) in the vertical direction> the stiffness of the buffering energy absorbing assembly 100 in the fourth embodiment in the vertical direction. Among them, under the condition that the material, number and radial size of the connecting rod 3 are consistent, the stiffness of the second embodiment and the third embodiment in the vertical direction are substantially consistent.

[0076] Different energy absorption levels may use different buffer energy absorption components 100 , wherein the low energy absorption level uses the buffer energy absorption component 100 in the fourth embodiment, and the high energy absorption level uses the buffer energy absorption component 100 in one of the first, second and third embodiments.

[0077] Furthermore, the implementation method of different energy absorption levels realized by the buffer energy absorption assembly 100 in the above embodiment with a stiffness gradient change can be selected by the designer according to the actual structural energy absorption requirements and actual working conditions. Specifically, for example, when the design space is limited and the arrangement of the connecting rods 3 (such as the arrangement of the buffer energy absorption assembly 100 in the first embodiment) and the adjustment of geometric parameters (such as the radial size and number of the connecting rods 3) cannot meet the energy absorption requirements, SMA materials with better mechanical properties can be selected to improve the energy absorption efficiency.

[0078] The energy absorbing device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0079] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a shell 200, a push-pull rod 300 and a buffering energy absorbing assembly 100, wherein the shell 200 defines a receiving chamber 201, and the shell 200 also includes a socket 202, which is connected to the receiving chamber 201; a part of the push-pull rod 300 is inserted into the receiving chamber 201 through the socket 202, and the push-pull rod 300 is movable in the up-down direction. The buffering energy absorbing assembly 100 is the buffering energy absorbing assembly 100 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and there are a plurality of buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100, and the plurality of buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 are stacked in the up-down direction. One of the plurality of buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 adjacent to the socket 202 is connected to the inner wall surface of the shell 200. One of the plurality of buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 away from the socket 202 is connected to the part of the push-pull rod 300. In other words, the second plate 2 of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 at the bottom is connected to the inner wall of the housing 200, and the first plate 1 of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 at the top is connected to the push-pull rod 300. Through holes are provided on the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 of each of the plurality of buffer energy absorbing assemblies 100, and the push-pull rod 300 passes through the socket 202 and the plurality of through holes in sequence.

[0080] The structures of the multiple buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 may all be consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 in the first embodiment, that is, each connecting rod 3 of the buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 is connected between the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2, each connecting rod 3 is perpendicular to each of the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2, and the multiple buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 are stacked in the up-down direction to form the buffering energy absorbing device 1000. Alternatively, a portion of the multiple buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 is consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 in the first embodiment, and the multiple buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 in the portion are stacked in the up-down direction, and another portion of the multiple buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 is consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing assemblies 100 in the second embodiment, that is, the multiple connecting rods 3 are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction of the first plate body 1, and the multiple connecting rods 3 have the same rotation direction. The multiple buffering and energy absorbing components 100 in the other part are stacked in the up and down direction, and the multiple buffering and energy absorbing components 100 in the other part are connected at the upper end of the stacked structure to the multiple buffering and energy absorbing components 100 in the one part to form a buffering and energy absorbing device 1000.

[0081] The structures of the multiple buffering energy absorbing components 100 in the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention need to be selected according to the specific energy absorbing working conditions. For example, the energy absorbing working condition of the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 is single and does not need to be graded. The structures of the multiple buffering energy absorbing components 100 of the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 can be consistent with the structure of one of the buffering energy absorbing components 100 in the above-mentioned embodiment. The energy absorbing working condition of the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 is complex and requires multi-stage energy absorption, that is, the multiple buffering energy absorbing components 100 of the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 in the vertical direction have inconsistent stiffness in the vertical direction. The buffering energy absorbing device 1000 is formed by combining the buffering energy absorbing components 100 in the above-mentioned different embodiments. Alternatively, the connecting rods 3 of each of the multiple buffer energy absorbing components 100 are distributed in the same manner, and the geometric parameters of the connecting rods 3 of the buffer energy absorbing components 100 of different hierarchical structures in the buffer energy absorbing device 1000, such as the number of connecting rods 3 of a single buffer energy absorbing component 100, the radial size of the connecting rods 3 of a single buffer energy absorbing component 100, or the inclination angle of the connecting rods 3 of a single buffer energy absorbing component 100, are adjusted to change the stiffness of the hierarchical structure in the up and down directions.

[0082] In some embodiments, Figure 6 and Fig.11As shown, the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of first buffering energy absorbing components 101 and a plurality of second buffering energy absorbing components 102. The structure of each first buffering energy absorbing component 101 is consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing component 100 in the second embodiment, and the plurality of first buffering energy absorbing components 101 are stacked in the up-down direction to form a primary energy absorbing structure. The structure of each second buffering energy absorbing component 102 is consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing component 100 in the second embodiment, and the plurality of second buffering energy absorbing components 102 are stacked in the up-down direction to form a secondary energy absorbing structure. The secondary energy absorbing mechanism structure is located above the primary energy absorbing structure, and the second plate body 2 of the second buffering energy absorbing component 102 at the bottom of the secondary energy absorbing mechanism structure is connected to the first plate body 1 of the first buffering energy absorbing component 101 at the top of the primary energy absorbing mechanism structure. The number of connecting rods 3 of each first buffering energy absorbing component 101 is less than the number of connecting rods 3 of each second buffering energy absorbing component 102.

[0083] The number of connecting rods 3 of each first buffering energy absorbing assembly 101 is less than the number of connecting rods 3 of each second buffering energy absorbing assembly 102, so that the stiffness of the primary energy absorbing structure formed by multiple first buffering energy absorbing assemblies 101 in the vertical direction is less than that of the secondary energy absorbing structure formed by multiple second buffering energy absorbing assemblies 102. Thus, the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention can achieve a gradient change in stiffness when performing buffering energy absorption.

[0084] It should be noted that the buffer energy absorbing structures in the second embodiment are stacked to form the energy absorbing structure, and the rotation direction of each of the plurality of buffer energy absorbing structures is consistent. Therefore, when the buffer energy absorbing structure is subjected to a load, the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 of each buffer energy absorbing structure will not rotate relative to each other, thereby ensuring the energy absorption efficiency of the energy absorbing structure.

[0085] In some embodiments, the buffering energy absorbing device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of third buffering energy absorbing components 100 and a plurality of fourth buffering energy absorbing components 100. Among them, the structure of each third buffering energy absorbing component 100 is consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing component 100 in the fourth embodiment, and a plurality of third buffering energy absorbing components 100 are stacked in the up and down direction to form a primary energy absorbing structure. The structure of each fourth buffering energy absorbing component 100 is consistent with the structure of the buffering energy absorbing component 100 in the second embodiment, and a plurality of fourth buffering energy absorbing components 100 are stacked in the up and down direction to form a secondary energy absorbing structure. The secondary energy absorbing mechanism structure is located above the primary energy absorbing structure, and the second plate body 2 of the fourth buffering energy absorbing component 100 at the bottom end of the secondary energy absorbing mechanism structure is connected to the first plate body 1 of the third buffering energy absorbing component 100 at the top end of the primary energy absorbing mechanism structure.

[0086] The rigidity of the primary energy absorbing structure formed by the plurality of third energy absorbing buffer components 100 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the secondary energy absorbing structure formed by the plurality of fourth energy absorbing buffer components 100. Thus, the energy absorbing buffer device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention can achieve a rigidity gradient change when performing energy absorbing buffering.

[0087] Furthermore, if Figure 6 As shown, the buffer energy absorption device 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a stop ring 400, at least one stop ring 400, and the stop ring 400 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 201. Each stop ring 400 is arranged between different hierarchical structures. For example, the stop ring 400 is arranged between the primary energy absorption structure and the secondary energy absorption structure, and the stop ring 400 is arranged above the first plate body 1 at the uppermost end of the primary energy absorption structure. Optionally, the stop ring 400 can be a closed circular ring; or, the stop ring 400 can also be an annular structure formed by a plurality of arc-shaped members, and the annular structure is a plurality of arc-shaped members spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the accommodating cavity 201.

[0088] When the push-pull rod 300 applies an upward tensile force to the multiple buffer energy absorbing components 100, the buffer energy absorbing components in the primary energy absorbing structure are stretched open, and when the first plate 1 at the uppermost end of the primary energy absorbing structure is blocked by the stop ring 400, it cannot be further stretched. The push-pull rod 300 continues to move upward, causing the buffer energy absorbing components in the secondary energy absorbing structure to be stretched open. Similarly, when the buffer energy absorbing device 1000 has a multi-stage energy absorbing structure, the multiple stop rings 400 are spaced apart in the up and down directions, and the multiple stop rings 400 are arranged one by one between two adjacent energy absorbing structures. Therefore, the stop ring 400 can better realize that the buffer energy absorbing device 1000 has a gradient change in stiffness in the up and down directions when it is stretched, so as to achieve the preset buffering function.

[0089] The following describes the method for evaluating the characteristics of a buffer and energy absorbing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The method for evaluating the characteristics of a buffer and energy absorbing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention can evaluate the buffer and energy absorbing assembly 100 in any of the above embodiments.

[0090] According to the engineering stress-strain curve of the SMA material and in combination with the structural design parameters, a mathematical expression of the theoretical analytical energy absorption characteristics is established, that is, the mathematical relationship between the axial tensile force F and the axial displacement x of a single buffer energy absorption component 100 when loaded, and the steps are as follows:

[0091] S1. Through tensile test, the engineering stress-strain curve of SMA material is obtained (such as Figure 7 As shown), including curves of SE and SME mechanical properties, expressed as engineering stress σ e and engineering strain ε e The relationship between e =u(ε e ).

[0092] S2. Establish the tensile force F of connecting rod 3 s and tensile displacement x s Relationship F s =v(x s ), and F is calculated from engineering stress and engineering strain s and x s , respectively:

[0093] F s =σ e (ε e +1)·π(d / 2) 2

[0094] x s = l·ln(ε e +1)

[0095] S3. Establish the relationship between the tensile force F and the tensile displacement x of a single buffer energy absorbing component 100, F=w(x). According to the geometric relationship before and after the wire is deformed, F and x are calculated to be:

[0096] F=n·F s ·(x+lsinα) / (l+x s )

[0097]

[0098] Furthermore, by establishing the above mathematical relationship, the force-displacement curve of a single buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 can be obtained, and the energy absorption characteristics of the buffer energy absorbing assembly 100 are characterized by the force-displacement curve. The arrangement form of the connecting rod 3 and the structural design parameters are shown in Table 1:

[0099] Table 1 Dimensional parameters of the embodiment

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] For the energy absorption characteristics of the buffer energy absorption component 100 with different material constitutive and structural design parameters, Figure 8 It is the force-displacement curve under SE characteristics; Fig. 9 Figure 2 is the force-displacement curve under SME characteristics. Comparing the results of different embodiments, different arrangement forms and structural design parameters can obtain different force-displacement responses. For example, embodiment A2 has no obvious plateau period, but its loading displacement is large; for example, embodiment A1 has an obvious plateau period during the loading process, and the trend of force-displacement is generally consistent with the constitutive structure of the material, but the loading displacement is small.

[0103] It should be noted that for the energy absorption characteristics of the buffer energy absorption component 100, it is necessary to consider the load level during the plateau period, the amount of energy absorption, the amount of specific energy absorption, and the loading stroke, etc. By establishing the above mathematical relationship, the energy absorption characteristics can preferably determine the material constitutive and structural design parameters according to the buffer energy absorption requirements of the collision scene, thereby guiding the design of the buffer energy absorption structure.

[0104] Furthermore, in order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical analytical energy absorption characteristics of the present invention, numerical simulation calculations and tests were performed on Example A4 in Table 1.

[0105] Specifically, it is necessary to establish a finite element model of the buffer energy absorption structure.

[0106] Material constitutive selection of connecting rod 3 Figure 7 Stress-strain curve under superelasticity. The material parameters of the connecting rod 3, the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 are shown in Table 2:

[0107] Table 2 Material parameters of each component

[0108]

[0109] The established finite element model is solved and calculated using finite element analysis software, and after corresponding post-processing, the force-displacement curve of the simulation of Example A4 is obtained. At the same time, experiments are carried out to obtain the force-displacement curve of the experiment of Example A4.

[0110] Fig.10 The comparison of the test, simulation and theoretical analysis results of Example A4 shows that the force-displacement response obtained by establishing the mathematical expression of the theoretical analytical energy absorption characteristics is consistent with the results obtained by numerical simulation and experiment. From the perspective of evaluating the energy absorption performance, the theoretical analytical energy absorption (the area enclosed by the curve calculated in the form of integration) is 2.16J, the numerical simulation energy absorption is 2.09J, and the experimental energy absorption is 2.05J. The error between the three is less than 6%. Among them, in actual engineering applications, the error is within the allowable range; therefore, the accuracy of the theoretical analytical energy absorption characteristics of the invention is effectively verified. By using the mathematical expression of theoretical analysis to obtain the force-displacement response, the number of modeling times in the numerical simulation can be reduced, and the trial calculation process of repeatedly establishing the finite element model can be avoided. Not only can relatively accurate energy absorption characteristic data be obtained to guide the design and improve the design efficiency, but also a large number of experiments can be avoided, reducing costs.

[0111] In addition, in some embodiments, the material of the connecting rod 3 is prepared by rolling a bar stock and then drawing it. The connecting rod 3 and the first plate body 1 and the second plate body 2 can be connected by welding.

[0112] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0113] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0114] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0115] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0116] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0117] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buffer energy absorption component, characterized in that: include: A first plate body and a second plate body, wherein the first plate body and the second plate body are opposite to each other in a first direction; There are multiple connecting rods, each of which includes a first end and a second end opposite to each other in the length direction thereof, the first end of each connecting rod is connected to the first plate body, and the second end of each connecting rod is connected to the second plate body, the first ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, and the connecting rods are made of SMA material.

2. The buffer energy absorption component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extending direction of each connecting rod is consistent with the first direction, and the axial direction of the first plate body and the axial direction of the second plate body are both consistent with the first direction.

3. The buffer energy absorption component according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the connecting rods is arranged obliquely relative to the axial direction of the first plate body, and the axial direction of the first plate body and the axial direction of the second plate body are both consistent with the first direction.

4. The energy absorbing and buffering assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multiple connecting rods are arranged in an array on the circumference of the first plate body, and the rotation directions of the multiple connecting rods are consistent. The first ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the first plate body, and the second ends of the multiple connecting rods are spaced at equal distances on the circumference of the first plate body.

5. The buffer energy absorption component according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of connecting rods are divided into a plurality of connecting rod groups, and the plurality of connecting rod groups are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and a portion of the connecting rods in each connecting rod group is symmetrical with another portion of the connecting rods in the same connecting rod group about a first preset plane corresponding to the same connecting rod group, wherein a central axis of the first plate body is located within the first preset plane.

6. The buffer energy absorption component according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each connecting rod group includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, wherein the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are symmetrical about a first preset plane corresponding to the connecting rod group. The plurality of first connecting rods in the plurality of connecting rod groups are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the plurality of first connecting rods have the same rotation direction, and the first ends of the plurality of first connecting rods in the plurality of connecting rod groups are spaced at equal distances in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of the plurality of first connecting rods in the plurality of connecting rod groups are spaced at equal distances in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, The multiple second connecting rods in the multiple connecting rod groups are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the rotation directions of the multiple second connecting rods are consistent. The first ends of the multiple second connecting rods in the multiple connecting rod groups are equidistantly spaced in the circumferential direction of the first plate body, and the second ends of the multiple second connecting rods in the multiple connecting rod groups are equidistantly spaced in the circumferential direction of the second plate body.

7. The buffer energy absorption component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension direction of each connecting rod is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first plate body, and the multiple connecting rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate body. The axial direction of the first plate body and the axial direction of the second plate body are both consistent with the first direction. Each of the multiple connecting rods is located in a second preset plane, and the second preset plane is located between the first plate body and the second plate body in the first direction, and the second preset plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

8. The buffer energy absorption assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first plate further comprises a first body and a first protrusion, the first protrusion is multiple, the multiple first protrusions are arranged on the surface of the first body adjacent to the second plate, and the multiple first protrusions are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the first plate, and the multiple first ends are connected to the multiple first protrusions one by one; The second plate body further includes a second main body and a second protrusion, there are multiple second protrusions, the multiple second protrusions are arranged on the surface of the second main body adjacent to the first plate body, and the multiple second protrusions are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the second plate body, the multiple second ends are connected to the multiple second protrusions one by one, and at least a portion of the first protrusion and at least a portion of the second protrusion are opposite to each other in the circumferential direction.

9. A buffer energy absorption device, characterized in that: include: A housing, wherein the housing defines a receiving cavity, and the housing further comprises a socket, wherein the socket is in communication with the receiving cavity; a push-pull rod, a portion of which is inserted into the accommodating cavity through the socket, and the push-pull rod is movable in a first direction; and A buffer energy absorbing component, wherein the buffer energy absorbing component is the buffer energy absorbing component described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein there are multiple buffer energy absorbing components, wherein the multiple buffer energy absorbing components are stacked in a first direction, wherein one of the multiple buffer energy absorbing components adjacent to the socket is connected to the inner wall surface of the shell, and one of the multiple buffer energy absorbing components away from the socket is connected to the portion of the push-pull rod.

10. A method for evaluating characteristics of a buffer energy absorption component, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The engineering stress-strain curve of SMA material is obtained by tensile test, expressed as engineering stress σ e and engineering strain ε e The relationship between: s e =u(e e ), Among them, the engineering stress-strain curve of SMA material includes curves of two mechanical properties: SE and SME; S2. Establish the tensile force F of the connecting rod s and tensile displacement x s Relationship F s =v(x s ), the tensile force F is calculated from the engineering stress and engineering strain s and tensile displacement x s , respectively: F s =s e (e e +1)·π(d / 2) 2 , x s =l·ln(ε e +1), Wherein, d is the radial dimension of the connecting rod, and l is the length of the connecting rod; S3. Establish the relationship between the tensile force F and the tensile displacement x of a single buffer energy absorbing component 100, F=w(x), and calculate F and x, which are: F=n·F s ·(x+lsinα) / (l+x s ), Wherein, α is the angle between each connecting rod and its projection on the first plate.

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