Mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling and a construction method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of complex mountain terrain, high construction difficulty, low precision of a traditional planning scheme and the like. According to the system, a three-dimensional modeling technology is adopted to carry out digital modeling on a mountain environment, the installation positions and angles of photovoltaic panels are accurately analyzed and optimized through software, an optimal arrangement scheme is formed, and quality control and real-time monitoring are carried out in cooperation with an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection technology. The invention provides a construction method, which comprises the steps of data acquisition, three-dimensional modeling, scheme design, equipment installation, quality control and the like, and effectively improves the construction precision and efficiency of a mountain photovoltaic project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic systems, and in particular to a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the global energy crisis and environmental pollution become increasingly serious, solar photovoltaic power generation has received widespread attention as a clean and renewable energy source. Especially in mountainous areas with complex terrain, building photovoltaic power stations can not only help improve energy utilization, but also reduce carbon emissions and protect the ecological environment. However, building photovoltaic power stations in these areas faces many challenges, such as how to accurately calculate the angle of sunlight, avoid shadows, ensure structural stability and facilitate later maintenance. There are already some photovoltaic system solutions designed for flat land or rooftops on the market, but they often perform poorly when used in complex and changeable mountain environments.

[0003] The common methods currently include traditional plane layout method, tilt angle fixed bracket technology and automatic tracking system. Among them, although the plane layout method is simple and easy to implement, it cannot fully utilize land resources and light conditions in mountainous areas; although the tilt angle fixed bracket can improve the light absorption efficiency to a certain extent, it is still difficult to cope with the differences in light distribution caused by irregular terrain; although the automatic tracking system can achieve optimal energy capture, it has a limited scope of application due to its high cost and easy damage in bad weather. In addition, the traditional construction process often relies on manual experience to determine the best installation position and angle, lacks scientific support, and ultimately leads to low power generation efficiency. In summary, there is still a lot of room for improvement in existing design solutions and technical means.

[0004] First, existing photovoltaic system designs usually do not fully take into account the characteristics of specific geographical locations, especially in areas with large terrain undulations, and fail to effectively solve the problem of shadow obstruction; second, traditional construction methods rely too much on manual measurement and estimation, which have large errors and affect the overall project progress and quality control. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention discloses a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling and its construction method, aiming to solve the problems of complex mountain terrain, great construction difficulty, low precision of traditional layout schemes, and shadow blocking affecting power generation efficiency. By introducing three-dimensional modeling technology, optimization algorithms, intelligent lighting analysis, and real-time monitoring by drones, photovoltaic power stations can be built in complex mountain environments, thereby improving the energy efficiency and construction quality of photovoltaic systems.

[0006] The present invention discloses a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling and a construction method thereof, which includes: data collection and three-dimensional modeling, illumination analysis and shadow detection, photovoltaic arrangement optimization design, construction and equipment installation, drone inspection and real-time monitoring, and subsequent maintenance and optimization adjustment.

[0007] Data collection and 3D modeling: mainly through the use of drones equipped with high-precision laser radar and cameras, combined with remote sensing technology, comprehensive high-precision terrain data collection of mountains is carried out. The collected data includes factors such as terrain slope, altitude, orientation, vegetation coverage, etc. The collected data is filtered and interpolated to form a digital elevation model (DEM), and further generate a 3D terrain model. The drone flies over the mountain, uses laser radar to scan the terrain, and records the altitude and geographic coordinate information of different points. The emission and reflection of the laser beam are recorded by the sensor to form point cloud data. The laser radar system calculates the ground distance and height through the reflection time and intensity of the laser beam. The collected raw data is filtered and interpolated by a computer program, noise points are removed and a continuous elevation surface is generated to form a digital elevation model (DEM). On this basis, the computer program converts the DEM data into a 3D terrain model to provide visual terrain analysis support. Point cloud data is converted into DEM data, and the DEM data generates a continuous 3D terrain surface through an interpolation algorithm.

[0008] Lighting analysis and shadow detection: After building a three-dimensional terrain model, a computer program is used to simulate the changes in sunlight throughout the year. Based on the terrain model, solar radiation model and lighting data, the program calculates the light intensity and possible shadow blocking positions in each area, and generates a lighting distribution map and a shadow change map. The computer program simulates the movement of the sun according to the geographical location, season and time, and analyzes the time changes in light intensity. By calculating the lighting conditions at different time points multiple times, the average sunshine duration at each location is obtained. The program further detects the areas blocked by mountains on the light path, generates shadow change curves, identifies key shadow areas, and avoids the installation of photovoltaic panels being affected by shading (simulating the propagation of light on the terrain surface and marking shadow areas).

[0009] Photovoltaic layout optimization design: Photovoltaic layout design is based on the results of illumination analysis and combines intelligent optimization algorithms to globally optimize the position, orientation, and tilt angle of photovoltaic panels. Multiple candidate solutions are simulated and evaluated through genetic algorithms or particle swarm algorithms to select the optimal layout solution. Based on the results of illumination analysis and shadow detection, the program uses genetic algorithms to optimize the installation plan of photovoltaic panels to find the best installation position and angle to maximize light absorption. Subsequently, illumination simulation is performed on the preliminary optimized layout plan to verify the energy capture effect of its photovoltaic panels, and the solution is revised iteratively.

[0010] Construction and equipment installation: During the construction process, photovoltaic panels are installed according to the optimized layout plan. The construction equipment includes automated cranes and installation platforms, and the tilt angle and position of the photovoltaic panels are calibrated in real time through the laser positioning system. The laser positioning system is used to measure the position and angle of the photovoltaic panels in real time, and the installation angle is adjusted to meet the design requirements (the laser reflection signal transmits the position information and guides the installation operation). Finally, the installation platform completes the fixing and connection of the photovoltaic panels to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic panels.

[0011] Drone inspection and real-time monitoring: Use the high-definition cameras and sensors carried by drones to inspect installed photovoltaic panels. The drone collects images and tilt angle data of each photovoltaic panel through a preset flight path. The computer program receives the image data transmitted by the drone in real time and automatically compares it with the design data in the construction blueprint to detect whether the orientation and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel meet the design requirements, whether there are shadow obstructions or installation errors. The program uses image recognition and error analysis algorithms to determine the accuracy of the installation and generate feedback reports. Based on the analysis results, the system generates adjustment suggestions to prompt construction personnel to recalibrate the position or angle of photovoltaic panels that do not meet the requirements.

[0012] Subsequent maintenance and optimization adjustment: During the operation of the photovoltaic system, drones are used to regularly inspect the status of photovoltaic panels, and intelligent analysis is used to determine whether there is damage, aging or other faults. The computer program generates a maintenance report based on the inspection results and automatically schedules maintenance tasks; over time, the terrain may change, or the external environment, such as vegetation growth, increased buildings, etc., may cause changes in lighting conditions. The system regularly updates the terrain data, regenerates the three-dimensional model, and recalculates the optimal layout plan based on the latest environmental parameters to guide the secondary adjustment of the photovoltaic panels.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has built a photovoltaic system that adapts to complex mountain terrain by integrating technical means such as drone inspection, three-dimensional modeling, illumination analysis, intelligent optimization, automated installation and monitoring. The system can accurately analyze mountain illumination conditions, scientifically optimize the layout of photovoltaic panels, intelligently plan construction paths, monitor the operating status of the system in real time, and flexibly adjust according to actual conditions; through this system design, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power stations in mountainous environments has been significantly improved, the cost of construction and maintenance has been reduced, and the stability and safety of system operation have been guaranteed.

[0014] Beneficial Effects 1. Accurate modeling and illumination analysis: Through 3D modeling technology and high-precision measurement equipment, the mountain terrain is digitally modeled, and illumination analysis is performed in combination with environmental parameters such as solar radiation and terrain undulations. The shadow-blocking area and illumination distribution are accurately predicted to improve the design accuracy of the photovoltaic system. Through illumination analysis and shadow simulation, the installation position, orientation and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels are adjusted using optimization algorithms to effectively reduce shadow-blocking and maximize the use of illumination resources, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

[0015] 2. Through the detailed construction blueprints and digital construction instructions generated by the system, combined with drone inspection technology, the installation process can be monitored in real time, reducing manual measurement errors, improving the installation accuracy and construction efficiency of photovoltaic panels, and using drones for automated inspections, combined with image recognition technology, to compare installation data with design plans in real time, promptly detect installation deviations, shadow obstructions and other problems, and provide adjustment suggestions, thereby improving the reliability of construction quality control.

[0016] 3. The system has designed a modular installation structure to facilitate the adjustment and replacement of subsequent equipment. At the same time, regular drone inspections and intelligent analysis can be used to timely detect and handle faults, reduce maintenance difficulty and costs, and extend the service life of equipment. The construction paths and access routes automatically generated by the system avoid steep slopes and dangerous areas, effectively improve construction safety, and reduce the risks of equipment transportation and manpower construction, ensuring the smooth progress of the project.

[0017] 4. The system supports regular updates of terrain data and recalculation of the layout of photovoltaic panels to adapt to external environmental conditions that change over time, such as vegetation growth and building height increases, so as to maintain the continued efficient operation and flexibility of the photovoltaic system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the data collection and 3D modeling process; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lighting analysis and shadow detection process; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic arrangement optimization process; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the construction path planning process; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the on-site installation and drone inspection process; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the inspection data analysis and feedback process; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the regular maintenance and optimization adjustment process; DETAILED DESCRIPTION The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Example: The present invention provides a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling. The system aims to solve the problems of insufficient light, shadow shading, structural instability, etc. faced by traditional photovoltaic systems in complex terrain, thereby improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The implementation process of the system is described in detail below: A mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling, comprising: The data acquisition and 3D modeling module is used to collect terrain point cloud data and image data of the target mountain through the UAV equipped with laser radar and high-definition camera, and generate digital elevation model and 3D terrain model; The illumination analysis and shadow detection module is used to perform illumination analysis based on geographic coordinates, time, sun trajectory and three-dimensional terrain model through ray tracing algorithm to generate illumination intensity distribution map and shadow change map; Photovoltaic arrangement optimization design module, which is used to generate the best photovoltaic module arrangement plan based on the results of light analysis and shadow detection through intelligent optimization algorithm, optimize light absorption and reduce shadow coverage; The construction path planning module is used to plan the transportation and installation paths of photovoltaic equipment using a path search algorithm based on the 3D terrain model and layout plan to ensure safety and efficiency; On-site installation and drone inspection module, used to accurately install photovoltaic modules through automated equipment and laser positioning system, and collect post-installation image data and analyze installation quality through drone inspection; Inspection data analysis and feedback module, which is used to analyze inspection data through image recognition algorithms, detect angle deviation, looseness and damage of photovoltaic modules, and generate inspection reports; The regular maintenance and optimization adjustment module is used to monitor the operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels in real time through sensors during system operation, analyze abnormalities and provide maintenance suggestions, and optimize the system based on historical data.

[0020] Data collection and 3D modeling Data collection is mainly achieved through high-precision laser radar (LiDAR) and camera equipment carried by drones. The drone flies along a preset route to cover the terrain of the preset area of ​​the photovoltaic power station. During the flight, the laser radar emits laser beams to the ground at a certain frequency, and calculates the height and terrain features of the ground by receiving reflected signals to obtain high-precision point cloud data including slope, altitude, direction and other information. The camera equipment simultaneously obtains ground images to provide additional reference data for subsequent 3D modeling.

[0021] After data collection is completed, the point cloud data is first preprocessed by a computer program, including noise removal, object classification, vegetation filtering and other operations. Then, the processed point cloud data is interpolated using an interpolation algorithm to generate a digital elevation model (DEM). Through further refinement and optimization of the DEM, a complete three-dimensional terrain model is formed. This model provides detailed terrain information for subsequent lighting analysis.

[0022] Lighting analysis and shadow detection After the three-dimensional terrain model is generated, the illumination analysis and shadow detection module performs a full range of illumination simulation on the photovoltaic power station area based on the solar radiation model. Specifically, this embodiment simulates the movement trajectory of the sun in different time periods and seasons, analyzes the intensity and angle changes of sunlight irradiating each area through a ray tracing algorithm, and generates an illumination intensity distribution map.

[0023] During the simulation, the program not only considers the slope and orientation of the mountainous terrain, but also dynamically calculates possible shadow occlusion. For example, when the terrain of an area is higher than the surrounding area, a shadow will be formed for a certain period of time, thus affecting the lighting conditions of the photovoltaic panels. By calculating the range and movement trajectory of the shadow in real time, a shadow change map is generated to avoid installing photovoltaic panels in areas affected by shadows for a long time.

[0024] Photovoltaic layout optimization Based on the results of illumination analysis and shadow detection, this embodiment uses an intelligent optimization algorithm (such as a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm algorithm) to globally optimize the arrangement of photovoltaic panels. First, the system reads the light intensity distribution map to determine the area with the best lighting conditions as the candidate installation area. On this basis, the optimization algorithm repeatedly iterates the specific installation position, orientation, and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel to find an arrangement that maximizes the total energy capture of the photovoltaic panel.

[0025] In each iteration, the algorithm simulates illumination based on multiple candidate solutions and evaluates the energy capture efficiency of each solution. After multiple rounds of optimization, the optimal photovoltaic panel layout solution is finally generated. This solution not only makes full use of the mountainous lighting conditions, but also effectively avoids the shadow occlusion problem, thus improving the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power station.

[0026] Construction route planning After the layout of the photovoltaic panels is determined, the system also needs to plan the construction path. The construction path planning module designs the transportation and installation path of the photovoltaic panels based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the photovoltaic layout plan. First, the system analyzes the terrain undulations, slopes, and existing road information to generate multiple construction path candidate plans.

[0027] During the path planning process, the system also considers factors such as the transportation weight of the photovoltaic panels, the specifications of the construction equipment, and on-site safety. Ultimately, the system generates the shortest and safest construction path so that construction personnel and equipment can reach the installation location smoothly.

[0028] On-site installation and drone inspection After the photovoltaic arrangement and construction path planning are completed, the on-site installation phase begins. During on-site construction, the automated installation equipment will complete the installation of photovoltaic panels one by one according to the designed photovoltaic arrangement plan and construction path. During the installation process, the laser positioning system detects the tilt angle and installation position of the photovoltaic panels in real time to ensure the accurate installation of each photovoltaic panel.

[0029] After the installation is completed, the drone will inspect the photovoltaic panels again. The camera on the drone will take pictures of the installation quality, angle and fixation of the photovoltaic panels, and upload the image data to the monitoring system.

[0030] Inspection data analysis and feedback After the inspection data is uploaded to the central system, the monitoring program will automatically analyze the installation quality of the photovoltaic panels through image recognition technology. The program first identifies the edge and angle information of the photovoltaic panels and compares the test results with the design standards. If the installation angle of the photovoltaic panels deviates from the design requirements or the connection points are loose, the system will immediately issue an alarm signal and generate a detailed inspection report.

[0031] Through inspection reports, the system can provide timely feedback on installation quality issues of photovoltaic panels and guide maintenance personnel to make corrections and reinforcements to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic system.

[0032] Regular maintenance and optimization During the subsequent operation of the photovoltaic system, the system uses sensors to monitor the current, voltage, temperature and other operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels in real time. These sensor data are uploaded to the remote monitoring platform through the wireless communication module. The analysis program in the monitoring platform will analyze the operating status of the photovoltaic panels in real time according to the preset abnormal value detection algorithm. If the photovoltaic panel is found to have problems such as low current or abnormal temperature, the program will immediately issue a fault alarm signal.

[0033] The following is a detailed description of the principles of the present invention: Principles of 3D modeling and data collection: The system first uses a drone equipped with a high-precision laser radar and a high-definition camera to scan the target mountain and collect terrain point cloud data and image data. The laser radar measures the distance and height information of each point on the terrain through the reflection time and echo intensity of the laser pulse, thereby generating high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data. The high-definition camera collects image information of the surface for calibration and enhancement of the three-dimensional terrain model.

[0034] In the data processing stage, the system uses filtering algorithms to remove noise from the data, and adopts interpolation algorithms and terrain surface fitting technology to generate a high-precision digital elevation model (DEM). By fusing point cloud data with image data, a detailed three-dimensional terrain model is finally formed. This step provides an accurate terrain foundation for subsequent lighting analysis and photovoltaic layout.

[0035] Principles of lighting analysis and shadow detection: The working principle of the illumination analysis module is based on the calculation of the sun's position and digital projection technology. First, the system uses the sun's position calculation formula to accurately simulate the sun's movement trajectory in the sky and calculate the sun's incident angle at a specific time point based on the mountain's geographical coordinates, date, and time. Then, the system combines the three-dimensional terrain model and uses the ray tracing algorithm to calculate the incident path and light intensity of sunlight in different time periods.

[0036] In order to detect shadows, the system simulates the propagation path of light on the terrain model, calculates the occlusion relationship between various terrain surfaces, and marks the areas that are blocked in each time period. Through light simulation at different times of the year, the system generates a full-year light distribution map and shadow change map of the target mountain, providing a basis for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic modules.

[0037] Principles of photovoltaic layout optimization design: The core principle of photovoltaic layout optimization is to select the best photovoltaic module layout scheme through intelligent optimization algorithms. First, the system uses the results of light analysis as input data to generate multiple photovoltaic layout candidate schemes, each of which sets different photovoltaic panel positions, orientations, and tilt angles. Then, the system performs light simulation on each scheme to evaluate its light absorption and shadow coverage.

[0038] The system optimizes the arrangement and angle configuration of photovoltaic modules through multiple iterations, and finally selects the arrangement scheme with the maximum light absorption and the minimum shadow impact. This optimized design ensures that photovoltaic panels can efficiently capture solar energy and reduce the waste of light energy.

[0039] Principles of construction path planning: The working principle of the construction path planning module is based on the slope analysis and path search algorithm of the three-dimensional terrain model. The system generates multiple path candidate solutions based on the PV layout plan, combined with terrain data, existing road information and construction equipment specifications, using the shortest path search algorithm. The system will The slope, transportation weight and safety factors were analyzed, and finally the shortest and safest route was selected for the transportation and installation of PV panels.

[0040] Principles of on-site installation and inspection: During the installation of photovoltaic panels, the laser positioning system accurately locates the position and tilt angle of each photovoltaic panel by emitting laser beams and measuring the reflection time. The equipment completes the installation of photovoltaic panels one by one according to the optimized layout plan, ensuring that the position, orientation and tilt angle of each photovoltaic panel are consistent with the design requirements.

[0041] After the installation is completed, the drone will inspect the photovoltaic panels again and collect image data of the photovoltaic panels. After the inspection data is uploaded to the central monitoring system, the system automatically analyzes the installation quality of the photovoltaic panels through image recognition algorithms, and detects the angle deviation, looseness and damage of the photovoltaic panels. The system generates an inspection report based on the analysis results and prompts maintenance personnel to make repairs or adjustments.

[0042] Principles of operation monitoring and maintenance: In the subsequent operation of the photovoltaic power station, the system monitors the operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels such as current, voltage and temperature in real time through sensors installed on the photovoltaic panels. The sensor data is uploaded to the remote monitoring platform through the wireless communication module. The anomaly detection algorithm in the monitoring platform analyzes the operating status of the photovoltaic panels in real time according to the set thresholds and operating characteristics. When an abnormality is found, the system immediately sends an alarm signal and provides specific fault locations and maintenance suggestions.

[0043] In addition, the system uses big data analysis technology to combine historical operation data for trend analysis and provide suggestions for PV panel maintenance and optimization adjustments. For example, when the system detects changes in lighting conditions due to seasonal changes or long-term operation, it will automatically generate fine-tuning suggestions for the angle and orientation of the PV panels to ensure that the PV system continues to operate efficiently.

[0044] A construction method of a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling, comprising: 1. Data collection and 3D modeling: Method steps: Environmental preparation: Choose weather and time suitable for flight, and ensure that the drone and its onboard lidar and high-definition camera are in good working condition.

[0045] Data collection: Cover the target mountain area through UAV flight to collect point cloud data and high-resolution image data containing terrain information.

[0046] Data processing: Import the collected point cloud data and image data into the data processing system to generate the digital elevation model (DEM) and three-dimensional terrain model of the area.

[0047] Terrain analysis: Based on the 3D model, the terrain characteristics of the target area are analyzed, including slope, altitude, etc., to provide a geographic information basis for subsequent construction.

[0048] 2. Lighting analysis and shadow detection Method steps: Parameter configuration: Input the geographical location, season, time and other parameters of the mountain photovoltaic system.

[0049] Lighting simulation: Based on sun trajectory calculation and ray tracing algorithm, it simulates the distribution of light in different time periods throughout the year.

[0050] Shadow detection: Using the lighting simulation results, the 3D model is used to analyze the areas where shadows may occur and generate a shadow change map.

[0051] Result output: Finally, a light intensity distribution map is generated, and high-light areas suitable for laying photovoltaic panels are output.

[0052] 3. Photovoltaic layout optimization Method steps: Preliminary layout: Based on the light intensity map, select areas with strong light in the mountains for preliminary layout design.

[0053] Arrangement simulation: Use genetic algorithm or particle swarm algorithm to simulate the preliminary plan and evaluate the light energy absorption and shadow impact at each location.

[0054] Solution iteration: Optimize the preliminary solution, eliminate locations that are greatly affected by shadows or are not conducive to energy absorption, and finally obtain the optimal arrangement solution.

[0055] Layout plan output: The layout plan file composed of parameters such as photovoltaic panel position, inclination, and orientation is provided to the construction path planning module for use.

[0056] 4. Construction route planning Method steps: Path calculation: Based on the three-dimensional terrain model and photovoltaic layout plan, the optimal construction path for each installation location is planned through path search algorithms such as the A* algorithm or the Dijkstra algorithm.

[0057] Path optimization: Factors such as slope, obstacles, and the weight of transportation equipment are considered in path planning to ensure that the path meets construction needs while reducing transportation difficulties.

[0058] Output: Generate a construction route plan, including the location and sequence of equipment transportation and PV panel installation.

[0059] 5. On-site installation and drone inspection Method steps: Equipment positioning and installation: According to the construction path plan, the photovoltaic modules are accurately installed through automated equipment combined with a laser positioning system, ensuring that the angle, position and inclination of the modules are in line with the design of the layout plan.

[0060] Inspection data collection: After the installation is completed, inspections are carried out using drones to capture image data of the installation site.

[0061] Installation confirmation: Based on inspection image data, the image recognition algorithm automatically detects the installation angle, looseness or damage of PV panels to ensure that the installation meets the standards.

[0062] 6. Inspection data analysis and feedback Method steps: Data analysis: The inspection image data is input into the image recognition system to automatically identify problems such as installation angle and looseness.

[0063] Problem feedback: When problems such as angle deviation, loose or damaged parts are detected, an inspection report is generated and the location and status of the problem are marked.

[0064] Construction feedback: Feedback the inspection report to the construction team to make necessary adjustments or repairs.

[0065] 7. Regular maintenance and optimization adjustments Method steps: Real-time monitoring: The installed current, voltage and temperature sensors can monitor the operating status of the PV panels in real time to ensure that the system is in good working condition.

[0066] Problem Detection: If abnormal parameters are monitored, maintenance recommendations are generated, including cleaning, part replacement or re-angle adjustment.

[0067] Historical data analysis: Based on the historical data of system operation, analyze the changes in the system's power generation efficiency, and optimize and adjust the system's angle, position and other parameters based on actual data to maintain long-term stable operation.

Claims

1. A mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition and 3D modeling module is used to collect terrain point cloud data and image data of the target mountain through the UAV equipped with laser radar and high-definition camera, and generate digital elevation model and 3D terrain model; The illumination analysis and shadow detection module is used to perform illumination analysis based on geographic coordinates, time, sun trajectory and 3D terrain model through ray tracing algorithm to generate illumination intensity distribution map and shadow change map; Photovoltaic arrangement optimization design module, which is used to generate the best photovoltaic module arrangement plan based on the results of light analysis and shadow detection through intelligent optimization algorithm, optimize light absorption and reduce shadow coverage; The construction path planning module is used to plan the transportation and installation paths of photovoltaic equipment using a path search algorithm based on the 3D terrain model and layout plan to ensure safety and efficiency; On-site installation and drone inspection module, used to accurately install photovoltaic modules through automated equipment and laser positioning system, and collect post-installation image data and analyze installation quality through drone inspection; Inspection data analysis and feedback module, which is used to analyze inspection data through image recognition algorithms, detect angle deviation, looseness and damage of photovoltaic modules, and generate inspection reports; The regular maintenance and optimization adjustment module is used to monitor the operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels in real time through sensors during system operation, analyze abnormalities and provide maintenance suggestions, and optimize the system based on historical data.

2. The mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and 3D modeling module uses lidar to measure the height and point cloud data of the terrain, combines it with a high-definition camera to obtain surface image information, and generates a detailed 3D terrain model.

3. The mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting analysis and shadow detection module simulates the changes in light intensity and shadows throughout the year based on the sun trajectory model and ray tracing algorithm to generate a light intensity distribution map.

4. The mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic layout optimization design module uses intelligent optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm algorithms to automatically generate multiple photovoltaic layout schemes and perform lighting simulation to select the layout scheme with the best power generation efficiency.

5. The mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction path planning module performs path search based on the path search algorithm, taking into account slope, equipment weight and construction safety, and generates the optimal construction path.

6. The mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The on-site installation and drone inspection modules use laser positioning technology to accurately install photovoltaic panels, and collect image data through drone inspections to automatically detect the installation quality of photovoltaic panels.

7. A construction method of a mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling, using the mountain photovoltaic system based on three-dimensional modeling as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, data collection and 3D modeling, using drones equipped with laser radar and high-definition cameras to collect point cloud data and image data of the target mountain, and generate digital elevation models and 3D terrain models; S2, illumination analysis and shadow detection, performs illumination analysis based on geographic coordinates, time, sun trajectory and three-dimensional terrain model, and generates illumination intensity distribution map and shadow change map; S3, photovoltaic arrangement optimization, based on the results of illumination analysis and shadow detection, generates the best photovoltaic module arrangement plan through intelligent optimization algorithm; S4, construction route planning, using the path search algorithm to generate the optimal route for equipment transportation and installation based on the three-dimensional terrain model and layout plan; S5, On-site installation and drone inspection, using automated equipment combined with a laser positioning system to accurately install photovoltaic panels, and using drone inspections to collect post-installation image data; S6, inspection data analysis and feedback, using image recognition technology to analyze inspection data and detect angle deviation, looseness and damage of photovoltaic modules; S7. Regular maintenance and optimization adjustments: use sensors to monitor the operating parameters of photovoltaic panels in real time, and optimize the system based on historical data.

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