Transformer on-load tap-changer modeling method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer on-load tap-changer modeling method and system, and relates to the technical field of power systems and power equipment.The method comprises the steps that gear selection is achieved through a signal selector and a signal control switch; electric signals are collected and subjected to difference comparison through a summator; and gear shifting information is read to select a gear shifting position. According to the transformer on-load tap-changer modeling method, gear selection is achieved through the signal selector and the signal control switch, the accuracy and efficiency of the model are improved by automatically selecting the initial gear, the reliability and safety of the system are improved by collecting electric signals and comparing the electric signals through the summator, gear switching is selected by reading gear shifting information, and the modeling efficiency is improved. Automatic gear shifting is achieved, a user only needs to input gear shifting information, the system can automatically finish gear ascending and descending operation, the intelligent level of the system is improved, the operation process is simplified, the gear shifting accuracy and efficiency are ensured, and the gear shifting system has better effects in the aspects of accuracy, efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power systems and power equipment, and in particular to a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method and system. Background Art

[0002] The on-load tap changer is a key component in the transformer, which is mainly responsible for switching gears to adapt to different voltage requirements in the power system. As the complexity of grid operating conditions increases, transformers need to switch gears more frequently to ensure grid voltage stability. Therefore, it is particularly important to accurately simulate the electromagnetic transient characteristics generated by the tap changer during gear switching. Accurate transient process simulation can predict the electromagnetic characteristics that may occur during the switching process, thereby reducing potential operational risks and ensuring efficient and safe operation of the power system.

[0003] The core of the on-load tap changer is the transfer switch. The transfer switch selects the initial gear and the target gear through two lead wires for gear switching. However, due to the limitations of some electromagnetic transient simulation software, the electromagnetic transient model can only be constructed through the components in the software, and it is difficult to write the algorithm and automatically adjust it. In response to the gear selection problem of the tap changer model, the current method requires manual rerouting of the lead wires of the transfer switch. This manual rerouting operation has the following shortcomings: Time-consuming and labor-intensive: Manual rerouting is complex and time-consuming, requiring operators to perform a lot of manual work. Error-prone: Due to human factors, wiring errors occur from time to time, which may lead to tap changer switching errors, reducing the accuracy and analysis efficiency of the tap changer model. Low degree of automation: It is difficult to achieve automatic adjustment of the tap changer with existing technologies, and manual operation is required to achieve gear switching, which cannot meet the needs of modern power systems for efficient and precise control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem solved by the present invention is that the existing manual line change operation method has the problems of complex and time-consuming operation, low accuracy, low analysis efficiency, and low automation.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method, comprising realizing gear selection through a signal selector and a signal-controlled switch; collecting electrical signals and performing difference comparison through a summer; reading gear change information to select a switching gear.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method of the present invention, wherein: the gear selection is realized by the signal selector and the signal-controlled switch, including the initial gear selection being realized by the signal selector and the signal-controlled switch SWT1-SWT5;

[0008] The gear positions include T1 to T5, each gear position is connected to a signal control switch, and all signal control switches are connected to the interface 1 position of the tap changer model;

[0009] The interface 1 position of the tap changer model represents the access point of the initial gear position of the tap changer. The signal source of all signal-controlled switches is provided by the signal selector. The signal selector reads the initial gear position information input from S1 and controls the corresponding switch to open;

[0010] When S1 input is 1, it means that the initial gear is T1 gear, then the signal selector selects port 1 to output the signal, the SWT1 switch is turned on, and the interface 1 of the tap switch model is connected to the T1 gear of the transformer model.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method of the present invention, the collected electrical signal is subjected to difference comparison by a summer, including that all switches SWT1 to SWT5 need to collect electrical signals, and the collected electrical signal is composed of a potential collection contact, a summer, an absolute value module and a comparator;

[0012] The potential collection contact collects the potential signal at both ends of the switch, makes a difference through the summator, takes the absolute value, and compares it with the threshold in the comparator;

[0013] When the potential difference is less than the threshold, the control signal 1 is output;

[0014] When the potential difference is greater than the threshold, the control signal 0 is output.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method of the present invention, the collected electrical signal is subjected to difference comparison by a summer, including introducing a potential difference matrix V, which represents the potential difference at both ends of the switch:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, V left Represents the voltage at the left end of the switch, V right Indicates the voltage at the right end of the switch;

[0018] The potential difference ΔV is expressed as:

[0019]

[0020] Where V represents the potential difference matrix;

[0021] Introducing the current vector I, the current through the switch is expressed as:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, Ileft Represents the current at the left end of the switch, I right represents the current at the right end of the switch, and R represents the resistance in the switch;

[0024] The power matrix P is output through the potential difference matrix and current vector:

[0025]

[0026] Where P represents the power matrix;

[0027] The threshold model is constructed as:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, α represents the adjustment factor, θ represents the phase angle, and ∈ represents the threshold.

[0030] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method of the present invention, the collected electrical signals are compared by a summer, including current, voltage, switch internal resistance and the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the system, to construct a mathematical model of the adjustment factor, which is expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, β1 and β2 represent the amplitude parameters of the adjustment factor. Under different conditions, the maximum value of the adjustment factor is reached. β1 is used to adjust the maximum value of the current part, and β2 is used to adjust the maximum value of the voltage part. γ1 and γ2 represent the sensitivity parameters, which control the change rate of the adjustment factor. γ1 is used for the sensitivity control of the current part, and γ2 is used for the sensitivity control of the voltage part. max Indicates the maximum current, I min Indicates the minimum current;

[0033] The phase angle mathematical model is constructed by combining the phase relationship of voltage, current, inductance, capacitance and frequency characteristics of power supply, which is expressed as:

[0034]

[0035] Where ω represents the angular frequency of the power supply, L represents the inductance, C represents the capacitance, and V rms Indicates the effective value of voltage, I rms Indicates the effective value of current.

[0036] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method of the present invention, wherein: the reading of the gear shift information and selecting the shift position includes reading the input gear shift information through S2, and controlling the signal selector to output an upshift signal or a downshift signal;

[0037] The input value of S2 is 0 or 1, 0 means downshift, 1 means upshift;

[0038] When S2 inputs 0, S2 adds 1 through the summer and outputs 1 to the signal selector, and the signal selector 1 port outputs a step-down signal;

[0039] When S2 inputs 1, S2 adds 1 through the summer and outputs 2 to the signal selector, and the signal selector 2 port outputs a boost signal.

[0040] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method of the present invention, wherein: the reading of the gear change information and selecting the switching gear position includes connecting the signal control switch, and the interface 2 of the tap changer model is connected to the voltage regulating gear position of the transformer through the lifting and lowering gear switch and the gear switch;

[0041] Among them, the up-down gear switches SW_lower and SW_higher are controlled by the signals Higher and Lower output by the gear shift signal reading, and the gear switches are controlled by the signals ST1 to ST5 output by the collected electrical signals;

[0042] When the ST2 signal outputs 1, switches SW2-1 and SW2-3 are turned on. If the constructed shift signal outputs an upshift signal Higher, switch SW_higher is turned on, and the tap switch model interface 2 is connected to T1 gear through switch SW_higher and switch SW2-1 to achieve upshift adjustment.

[0043] Another object of the present invention is to provide a transformer on-load tap changer modeling system, which can collect electrical signals and perform difference comparison through a summer, thereby solving the problems of low accuracy and low analysis efficiency in the current manual line change operation method.

[0044] As a preferred solution of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling system described in the present invention, it includes: an initial gear selection module, an electrical signal acquisition module, a gear change information reading module, and a switching gear selection module; the initial gear selection module is used to read the input initial gear information and perform gear selection; the electrical signal acquisition module is used to collect electrical signals and make a difference with the threshold through a summer; the gear change information reading module is used to control the output of an upshift signal or a downshift signal; the switching gear selection module is used to control the switching gear selection.

[0045] A computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method.

[0046] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which implements the steps of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method when executed by a processor.

[0047] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided by the present invention realizes gear selection through a signal selector and a signal control switch, eliminates manual line change operations by automatically selecting the initial gear, ensures the accuracy and consistency of gear selection, improves the automation level of the system, reduces human errors, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of the model. The electrical signal is collected and compared with the summer to ensure that the state of each switch is accurate, and the potential difference at both ends of the switch is discovered and fed back in time to avoid erroneous operations, provide real-time monitoring and precise control capabilities, improve the reliability and safety of the system, read the gear shift information to select the switching gear, and realize automatic gear switching. The user only needs to input the gear shift information, and the system can automatically complete the up and down gear operations, thereby improving the intelligence level of the system, simplifying the operation process, and ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of gear switching. The present invention achieves better results in terms of accuracy, efficiency and reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 An overall flow chart of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 A conventional tap changer model diagram of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 An improved tap changer model diagram of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for improving the electromagnetic transient model of a tap changer in a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 5 This is an initial gear selection diagram of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6 This is an electrical signal collection diagram of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 7A diagram of reading gear information of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided in a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 8 A switching gear selection diagram of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method provided in a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Fig. 9 This is an overall flow chart of a transformer on-load tap changer modeling system provided by the third embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] Reference Figure 1-Figure 8 , as an embodiment of the present invention, provides a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method, comprising:

[0061] S1: Gear selection is achieved through the signal selector and signal control switch.

[0062] Furthermore, the conventional electromagnetic transient model of the tap changer is as follows Figure 2 The model shown requires the user to manually change the line to achieve the adjustment of different gears. The present invention adds a gear selection switch to the traditional tap switch model to form Figure 3 The improved model shown in the figure directly controls the gear engagement and gear shifting action by reading the user input instructions through S1 and S2, avoiding the inconvenience of manual line change. Among them, the gear selection switch model includes the initial gear selection module, the electrical signal acquisition module, the gear shift information reading module and the gear switching selection module. The basic flow chart of the modeling is as follows Figure 4 as shown.

[0063] It should be noted that the initial gear selection module is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it mainly includes a signal selector and signal controlled switches SWT1-SWT5. Figure 6The transformer model shown contains a total of 5 gears T1 to T5, each gear is connected to a signal-controlled switch, and all signal-controlled switches are connected to the interface 1 position of the tap switch model. Among them, the interface 1 position of the tap switch model represents the access point of the initial gear of the tap switch. The signal source of all signal-controlled switches is provided by the signal selector, and the signal selector reads the initial gear information input from S1 and controls the corresponding switch to open. For example: when S1 inputs 1, it means that the initial gear selects T1 gear. Then the signal selector selects the output signal of port 1, the SWT1 switch is turned on, and the interface 1 of the tap switch model is connected to the T1 gear of the transformer model.

[0064] S2: Collect electrical signals and perform difference comparison through a summer.

[0065] Furthermore, all switches SWT1 to SWT5 need to add an electrical signal acquisition module, which is mainly composed of a potential acquisition contact, a summator, an absolute value module and a comparator. The potential acquisition contact acquires the potential signal at both ends of the switch, makes a difference through the summator, and then takes the absolute value, which is compared with a small threshold greater than 0 in the comparator. When the potential difference is less than the threshold, the control signal 1 is output; when the potential difference is greater than the threshold, the control signal 0 is output. For example: Figure 6 As shown, when SWT1 is turned on, the potential collection contact collects the potential difference between the two ends of SWT1 as 0. Since 0 is less than the threshold, the output signal ST1 is 1.

[0066] It should be noted that the potential difference matrix V is introduced to represent the potential difference across the switch:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, V left Represents the voltage at the left end of the switch, V right Indicates the voltage at the right end of the switch;

[0069] The potential difference ΔV is expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Where V represents the potential difference matrix;

[0072] Introducing the current vector I, the current through the switch is expressed as:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, I left Represents the current at the left end of the switch, I right represents the current at the right end of the switch, and R represents the resistance in the switch;

[0075] The power matrix P is output through the potential difference matrix and current vector:

[0076]

[0077] Where P represents the power matrix;

[0078] The threshold model is constructed as:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, α represents the adjustment factor, θ represents the phase angle, and ∈ represents the threshold.

[0081] It should also be noted that the mathematical model of the regulation factor is constructed through the current, voltage, switch internal resistance and the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the system, which is expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, β1 and β2 represent the amplitude parameters of the adjustment factor. Under different conditions, the maximum value of the adjustment factor is reached. β1 is used to adjust the maximum value of the current part, and β2 is used to adjust the maximum value of the voltage part. γ1 and γ2 represent the sensitivity parameters, which control the change rate of the adjustment factor. γ1 is used for the sensitivity control of the current part, and γ2 is used for the sensitivity control of the voltage part. max Indicates the maximum current, I min Indicates the minimum current;

[0084] The phase angle mathematical model is constructed by combining the phase relationship of voltage, current, inductance, capacitance and frequency characteristics of power supply, which is expressed as:

[0085]

[0086] Where ω represents the angular frequency of the power supply, L represents the inductance, C represents the capacitance, and V rms Indicates the effective value of voltage, I rms Indicates the effective value of current.

[0087] S3: Read the gear shift information and select the gear shift.

[0088] Furthermore, the gear shift information reading module is as follows Figure 7 As shown, it mainly includes a signal selector and a summator. The input shift information is read through S2, and the signal selector is controlled to output an upshift signal or a downshift signal. The input value of S2 is 0 or 1, 0 represents downshift, and 1 represents upshift. When S2 inputs 0, S2 adds 1 through the summator, outputs 1 to the signal selector, and the signal selector 1 port outputs a step-down signal; when S2 inputs 1, S2 adds 1 through the summator, outputs 2 to the signal selector, and the signal selector 2 port outputs a step-up signal.

[0089] It should be noted that the shift selection module is Figure 8 As shown, the gear selection module is composed of multiple signal control switches, including up and down gear switches (SW_lower, SW_higher) and gear switches (SW1-2, SW2-3, SW3-4, SW4-5, SW2-1, SW3-2, SW4-3, SW5-4). Figure 7 The interface 2 of the tap switch model is connected to the voltage regulating gear of the transformer through the lifting and lowering switches and the gear switch. Among them, the lifting and lowering switches SW_lower and SW_higher are controlled by the signals Higher / Lower output by the constructed gear shift signal reading module; the gear switch is controlled by the signals ST1~ST5 output by the constructed electrical signal acquisition module. For example: when the ST2 signal outputs 1, switches SW2-1 and SW2-3 are turned on. If the constructed gear shift signal reading module outputs the lifting signal Higher, the switch SW_higher is turned on, and the tap switch model interface 2 is connected to the T1 gear through the switch SW_higher and the switch SW2-1 to realize the lifting gear adjustment.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] An embodiment of the present invention provides a transformer on-load tap changer modeling method. In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, scientific demonstration is carried out through economic benefit calculation and simulation experiments.

[0092] First, the experiment was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group adopted the method of the present invention, while the control group adopted the prior art for comparison.

[0093] Experimental group preparation and implementation process:

[0094] Equipment and material preparation: Transformer model with 5 gears (T1~T5), signal selector and signal control switch (SWT1~SWT5), potential collection contacts, summator, absolute value module and comparator, data acquisition system for recording various parameters, controller for inputting initial gear and gear change information (S1 and S2).

[0095] Experimental steps:

[0096] Initial gear selection:

[0097] The five gears of the transformer model are connected to the signal-controlled switches SWT1 to SWT5 respectively.

[0098] Connect all signal-operated switches to connection 1 of the tap-changer model.

[0099] The controller inputs the initial gear information to S1. For example, when the input value is 1, the signal selector selects the output signal of port 1, the SWT1 switch is turned on, and the interface 1 of the tap switch model is connected to the T1 gear of the transformer model.

[0100] Electrical signal acquisition:

[0101] The potential collection contacts are connected to both ends of SWT1 to SWT5 to collect potential signals at both ends of the switch in real time.

[0102] The potential difference is calculated by the summator, and then the absolute value is taken and compared with the preset threshold. When the potential difference is less than the threshold, the control signal 1 is output; when the potential difference is greater than the threshold, the control signal 0 is output.

[0103] Gear shift information reading and switching:

[0104] The controller inputs the gear shift information to S2, and the input value is 0 or 1, indicating downshift or upshift respectively.

[0105] After the S2 input value is processed by the summer, the control signal selector outputs the corresponding gear shift signal.

[0106] The gear shift signal controls the up / down gear switch and the gear position switch to achieve automatic gear switching. For example, when the input value is 1, the signal selector selects the output signal of port 2, controls the switch to turn on, and achieves the upshift operation.

[0107] Preparation and implementation process of the control group:

[0108] Equipment and material preparation: Transformer model with 5 gears (T1~T5), manual control switch, manual potentiometer, data acquisition system for recording various parameters, manual controller for inputting initial gear and gear change information.

[0109] Experimental steps:

[0110] Initial gear selection:

[0111] Connect the five gears of the transformer model to the manual control switches respectively.

[0112] The operator manually selects the initial gear and inputs the initial gear information through the manual controller.

[0113] Electrical signal acquisition:

[0114] Use a manual potentiometer to measure the potential signal across the switch and record the potential difference.

[0115] Gear shift information reading and switching:

[0116] The operator manually inputs the gear shift information into the manual controller.

[0117] Manual adjustment switch realizes gear shifting operation.

[0118] Table 1 Experimental data table

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] By comparing the data of the experimental group and the control group, it can be clearly seen that the present invention has significant advantages in many aspects. In terms of potential difference, the potential difference of the experimental group is between 0.4 and 0.6V, while the potential difference of the control group is between 1.0 and 0.6V, and the potential difference of the control group is between 1.01.3V. In terms of operation time, the operation time of the experimental group is between 2 and 2.5 seconds, while the operation time of the control group is between 5 and 2.5 seconds, and the operation time of the control group is between 56.5 seconds. In terms of success rate, the success rate of the experimental group is 100%, while the success rate of the control group is between 80% and 90%.

[0122] In summary, the present invention achieves better results in terms of accuracy, efficiency and reliability.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] Reference Fig. 9 , which is an embodiment of the present invention, provides a transformer on-load tap changer modeling system, including an initial gear selection module, an electrical signal acquisition module, a gear change information reading module, and a switching gear selection module.

[0125] The initial gear selection module is used to read the input initial gear information and make gear selection, the electrical signal acquisition module is used to collect electrical signals and make a difference and threshold comparison through a summer, the gear shift information reading module is used to control the output of upshift signal or downshift signal, and the switching gear selection module is used to control the switching gear selection.

[0126] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0127] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses.

[0128] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering, or processing in another suitable manner as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0129] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0130] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer on-load tap changer modeling method, characterized in that: include: Gear selection is achieved through a signal selector and a signal control switch; The collected electrical signals are compared with each other through a summer; Read the gear shift information and select the gear shift.

2. The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear selection is realized by the signal selector and the signal control switch, including the initial gear selection being realized by the signal selector and the signal control switch SWT1-SWT5; The gear positions include T1 to T5, each gear position is connected to a signal control switch, and all signal control switches are connected to the interface 1 position of the tap changer model; The interface 1 position of the tap changer model represents the access point of the initial gear position of the tap changer. The signal source of all signal-controlled switches is provided by the signal selector. The signal selector reads the initial gear position information input from S1 and controls the corresponding switch to open; When S1 input is 1, it means that the initial gear is T1 gear, then the signal selector selects port 1 to output the signal, the SWT1 switch is turned on, and the interface 1 of the tap switch model is connected to the T1 gear of the transformer model.

3. The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collected electrical signals are compared with each other by a summator, including all switches SWT1 to SWT5, which need to collect electrical signals. The collected electrical signals are composed of a potential collection contact, a summator, an absolute value module and a comparator. The potential collection contact collects the potential signal at both ends of the switch, makes a difference through the summator, takes the absolute value, and compares it with the threshold in the comparator; When the potential difference is less than the threshold, the control signal 1 is output; When the potential difference is greater than the threshold, the control signal 0 is output.

4. The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collected electrical signal is compared by a summer, including introducing a potential difference matrix V, which represents the potential difference at both ends of the switch: Among them, V left Represents the voltage at the left end of the switch, V right Indicates the voltage at the right end of the switch; The potential difference ΔV is expressed as: Where V represents the potential difference matrix; Introducing the current vector I, the current through the switch is expressed as: Where Ileft represents the current at the left end of the switch, Iright represents the current at the right end of the switch, and R represents the resistance in the switch; The power matrix P is output through the potential difference matrix and current vector: Where P represents the power matrix; The threshold model is constructed as: Among them, α represents the adjustment factor, θ represents the phase angle, and ∈ represents the threshold.

5. The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The collected electrical signals are compared by the summer, including the current, voltage, switch internal resistance and the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the system, to construct a mathematical model of the adjustment factor, which is expressed as: Among them, β1 and β2 represent the amplitude parameters of the adjustment factor. Under different conditions, the maximum value of the adjustment factor is reached. β1 is used to adjust the maximum value of the current part, and β2 is used to adjust the maximum value of the voltage part. γ1 and γ2 represent the sensitivity parameters, which control the change rate of the adjustment factor. γ1 is used for the sensitivity control of the current part, and γ2 is used for the sensitivity control of the voltage part. Ima x Indicates the maximum current, Imi n Indicates the minimum current; The phase angle mathematical model is constructed by combining the phase relationship of voltage, current, inductance, capacitance and frequency characteristics of power supply, which is expressed as: Where, ω represents the angular frequency of the power supply, L represents the inductance, C represents the capacitance, Vrm s Indicates the effective value of voltage, Irm s Indicates the effective value of current.

6. The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reading of the gear shift information and selecting the shift position includes reading the input gear shift information through S2, and controlling the signal selector to output an upshift signal or a downshift signal; The input value of S2 is 0 or 1, 0 means downshift, 1 means upshift; When S2 inputs 0, S2 adds 1 through the summer and outputs 1 to the signal selector, and the signal selector 1 port outputs a step-down signal; When S2 inputs 1, S2 adds 1 through the summer and outputs 2 to the signal selector, and the signal selector 2 port outputs a boost signal.

7. The transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of reading the gear shift information and selecting the gear position includes connecting the signal control switch, and connecting the interface 2 of the tap switch model to the voltage regulating gear position of the transformer through the lifting and lowering gear switch and the gear position switch; Among them, the up-down gear switches SW_lower and SW_higher are controlled by the signals Higher and Lower output by the gear shift signal reading, and the gear switches are controlled by the signals ST1 to ST5 output by the collected electrical signals; When the ST2 signal outputs 1, switches SW2-1 and SW2-3 are turned on. If the constructed shift signal outputs an upshift signal Higher, switch SW_higher is turned on, and the tap switch model interface 2 is connected to T1 gear through switch SW_higher and switch SW2-1 to achieve upshift adjustment.

8. A system using the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes an initial gear selection module, an electrical signal acquisition module, a gear shift information reading module, and a gear switching selection module; The initial gear selection module is used to read the input initial gear information and perform gear selection; The electrical signal acquisition module is used to collect electrical signals and compare the difference with the threshold through a summer; The gear shift information reading module is used to control the output of an upshift signal or a downshift signal; The switching gear selection module is used to control the switching gear selection.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the transformer on-load tap changer modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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