Method and process for ai-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction

Abstract

Apparatus, systems, and methods for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction include systems, methods, and mechanisms for user equipment equipment (UE) to indicate predicted CSI reporting, network configuration of CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting format, and AI model lifecycle management. The UE may send UE capabilities to the base station indicating that at least the time domain CSI prediction is supported. The UE may receive a configuration for CSI feedback from the base station based at least in part on the UE capabilities. The configuration for CSI feedback may include an indication of activation of CSI prediction, an indication of deactivation of CSI prediction, and / or a CSI-RS reporting configuration. In addition, the UE may transmit CSI feedback to the base station based at least in part on the predicted channel information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to apparatus, systems and methods for artificial intelligence (AI)-based CSI feedback with channel state information (CSI) prediction, including systems, methods and mechanisms for UE to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configuration of CSI feedback, UE precoding matrix indicator (PMI) reporting format and AI model lifecycle management, for example in 5G NR systems and beyond.

[0002] Related technical description

[0003] The use of wireless communication systems is growing rapidly. In recent years, wireless devices such as smart phones and tablet computers have become increasingly sophisticated. In addition to supporting phone calls, many mobile devices now also provide access to the Internet, email, text messaging, and navigation using the Global Positioning System (GPS), and are capable of operating sophisticated applications that utilize these functions.

[0004] Long Term Evolution (LTE) is currently the technology of choice for most wireless network operators around the world, providing mobile broadband data and high-speed Internet access to their subscriber base. LTE was first proposed in 2004 and first standardized in 2008. Since then, as the use of wireless communication systems has grown exponentially, the need for wireless network operators to support higher capacity for a higher density of mobile broadband users has also risen. As a result, research into new radio access technologies began in 2015, and in 2017, the first version of Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) was standardized.

[0005] 5G-NR (also referred to as NR) provides higher capacity for a higher density of mobile broadband users compared to LTE, while also supporting ultra-reliable and massive machine-type communications from device to device, as well as lower latency and / or lower battery consumption. In addition, NR may allow for more flexible UE scheduling compared to current LTE. Therefore, efforts are being made to continue the development of 5G-NR to take advantage of the higher throughput possible at higher frequencies. Summary of the invention

[0006] Embodiments relate to wireless communications, and more particularly to apparatus, systems, and methods for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods, and mechanisms for UEs to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configuration for CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting formats, and AI model lifecycle management, for example, in and outside of 5G NR systems.

[0007] For example, in some embodiments, the UE may send a UE capability (or UE capability report) to the base station indicating at least support for time domain CSI prediction. The UE may, for example, receive a configuration for CSI feedback from the base station based at least in part on the UE capability. The configuration for CSI feedback may include an indication of activation of CSI prediction, an indication of deactivation of CSI prediction, and / or a CSI-RS reporting configuration. In addition, the UE may send CSI feedback to the base station based at least in part on the predicted channel information.

[0008] The techniques described herein may be implemented in and / or used with a variety of different types of devices, including, but not limited to, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned aerial vehicle controllers (UACs), UTM servers, base stations, access points, cellular telephones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players, and any of a variety of other computing devices.

[0009] This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the topics described in this document. Therefore, it should be understood that the above features are only examples and should not be construed as narrowing the scope or essence of the topics described herein in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the topics described herein will become apparent through the following detailed description, drawings, and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] A better understanding of the present subject matter may be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1A An example wireless communication system is shown in accordance with some embodiments.

[0012] Figure 1B Examples of base stations and access points in communication with user equipment (UE) devices are shown in accordance with some embodiments.

[0013] Figure 2 An example block diagram of a base station according to some embodiments is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 An example block diagram of a server according to some embodiments is shown.

[0015] Figure 4 An example block diagram of a UE according to some embodiments is shown.

[0016] Figure 5 An example block diagram of cellular communication circuitry according to some embodiments is shown.

[0017] Fig. 6AAn example of a 5G network architecture according to some embodiments is shown that combines both 3GPP (e.g., cellular) access to the 5GCN as well as non-3GPP (e.g., non-cellular) access.

[0018] Figure 6B An example of a 5G network architecture according to some embodiments is shown that combines both dual 3GPP (e.g., LTE and 5G NR) access to 5GCN as well as non-3GPP access.

[0019] Figure 7 An example of a baseband processor architecture for a UE according to some embodiments is shown.

[0020] Figure 8 An example of CSI feedback according to 3GPP Release 17 is shown.

[0021] Fig. 9 An example of CSI feedback according to 3GPP Release 18 is shown.

[0022] Fig.10 An example of CSI feedback with CSI prediction according to some embodiments is shown.

[0023] Fig.11 An example of an AI model for CSI prediction according to some embodiments is shown.

[0024] Fig.12 Another example of CSI feedback with CSI prediction according to some embodiments is shown.

[0025] Fig.13 A possible example of signaling of UE capability reporting and network configuration based on UE capability reporting and PMI feedback according to some embodiments is shown.

[0026] Fig.14 Another example of an AI model for CSI prediction according to some embodiments is shown.

[0027] Fig.15 A block diagram illustrating an example of a method for artificial intelligence (AI) based channel state information (CSI) feedback with CSI prediction according to some embodiments.

[0028] Although the features described herein may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereof are not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the subject matter as defined by the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Acronyms

[0030] Various acronyms are used throughout this disclosure. Definitions of the most commonly used acronyms that may appear throughout this disclosure are provided below:

[0031] 3GPP: Third Generation Partnership Project

[0032] UE: User Equipment

[0033] RF: Radio Frequency

[0034] DL: Downlink

[0035] UL: Uplink

[0036] LTE: Long Term Evolution

[0037] NR: New Radio

[0038] 5GS: 5G System

[0039] 5GMM: 5GS Mobility Management

[0040] 5GC / 5GCN: 5G core network

[0041] IE: Information Element

[0042] CE: Control Element

[0043] MAC: Media Access Control

[0044] SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0045] CSI: Channel State Information

[0046] CSI-RS: Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0047] CMR: Channel Measurement Resource

[0048] PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0049] PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0050] RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0051] RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0052] CORESET: Control resource set

[0053] TCI: Transmit Configuration Indicator

[0054] DCI: Downlink Control Indicator

[0055] the term

[0056] The following is a glossary of terms used in this disclosure:

[0057] Memory medium—any of various types of non-transitory memory devices or storage devices. The term "memory medium" is intended to include installation media, such as CD-ROM, floppy disk, or tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory, such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, magnetic media, such as hard disk drives or optical storage devices; registers or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium may also include other types of non-transitory memory or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a first computer system executing a program, or may be located in a different second computer system connected to the first computer system via a network such as the Internet. In the latter example, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term "memory medium" may include two or more memory media, which may reside in different locations in different computer systems connected, for example, via a network. The memory medium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as a computer program) that may be executed by one or more processors.

[0058] Carrier Media—Memory media as described above, as well as physical transmission media such as a bus, network, and / or other physical transmission media that convey signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.

[0059] Programmable hardware elements - include various hardware devices that include multiple programmable function blocks connected via programmable interconnects. Examples include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), FPOAs (Field Programmable Object Arrays), and CPLDs (Complex PLDs). Programmable function blocks can range from fine-grained (combinatorial logic or lookup tables) to coarse-grained (arithmetic logic units or processor cores). Programmable hardware elements may also be referred to as "configurable logic units."

[0060] Computer system (or computer) – Any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe computer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA), television system, grid computing system, or other device or combination of devices. In general, the term "computer system" can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.

[0061] User Equipment (UE) (or "UE device") - any of various types of computer system devices that are mobile or portable and perform wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include mobile phones or smartphones (e.g., iPhones). TM , based on Android TM phones), portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS TM , PlayStation Portable TM 、Gameboy Advance TM , iPhone TM ), laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones), UAV controllers (UACs), etc. In general, the term "UE" or "UE device" can be broadly defined to cover any electronic device, computing device, and / or telecommunication device (or combination of devices) that is easily transportable by a user and capable of wireless communication.

[0062] Base Station—The term “base station” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and includes at least a wireless communication station that is installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.

[0063] Processing element (or processor) – refers to various elements or combinations of elements that are capable of performing functions in a device, such as user equipment or a cellular network device. Processing elements may include, for example, processors and associated memory, portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, processor arrays, circuits such as ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), programmable hardware elements such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and any of the above combinations.

[0064] Channel - a medium used to convey information from a transmitter (sender) to a receiver. It should be noted that, since the characteristics of the term "channel" may vary according to different wireless protocols, the term "channel" as used herein may be considered to be used in a manner that conforms to the standards of the type of device to which the term is used. In some standards, the channel width may be variable (e.g., depending on device capabilities, frequency band conditions, etc.). For example, LTE may support scalable channel bandwidths of 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. In contrast, a WLAN channel may be 22 MHz wide, while a Bluetooth channel may be 1 MHz wide. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. In addition, some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, such as different channels for uplink or downlink and / or different channels for different purposes such as data, control information, etc.

[0065] Frequency band—The term “frequency band” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and includes at least a segment of the spectrum (eg, radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set aside for the same purpose.

[0066] Wi-Fi—The term "Wi-Fi" (or WiFi) has the full scope of its usual meaning and includes at least wireless communication networks or RATs that are served by wireless LAN (WLAN) access points and provide connectivity to the Internet through these access points. Most modern Wi-Fi networks (or WLAN networks) are based on the IEEE 802.11 standard and are marketed under the name "Wi-Fi". Wi-Fi (WLAN) networks are distinct from cellular networks.

[0067] 3GPP Access – refers to the access (e.g., radio access technology) specified by the 3GPP standards. These accesses include, but are not limited to, GSM / GPRS, LTE, LTE-A, and / or 5G NR. In general, 3GPP access refers to various types of cellular access technologies.

[0068] Non-3GPP access - refers to any access (e.g., radio access technology) not specified by the 3GPP standards. These accesses include, but are not limited to, WiMAX, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, WLAN, and / or fixed networks. Non-3GPP accesses can be divided into two categories, "trusted" and "untrusted": trusted non-3GPP accesses can interact directly with the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and / or 5G Core (5GC), while untrusted non-3GPP interoperates with the EPC / 5GC via network entities (such as Evolved Packet Data Gateways and / or 5GNR Gateways). In general, non-3GPP access refers to various types of non-cellular access technologies.

[0069] Automatic—refers to an action or operation being performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by a computer system) or a device (e.g., a circuit, a programmable hardware element, an ASIC, etc.) without the action or operation being directly specified or performed by a user input. Thus, the term "automatically" is in contrast to an operation being manually performed or specified by a user, where the user provides input to directly perform the operation. An automatic process may be initiated by input provided by a user, but subsequent actions performed "automatically" are not specified by the user, i.e., are not performed "manually," where the user specifies each action to be performed. For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information (e.g., by typing in information, selecting checkboxes, radio selections, etc.) is manually filling out the form, even though the computer system must update the form in response to the user action. The form may be automatically filled out by a computer system, where the computer system (e.g., software executed on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills out the form without any user input specifying the answers to the fields. As indicated above, a user may invoke automatic filling out of a form, but not participate in the actual filling out of the form (e.g., the user does not manually specify the answers to the fields but rather they are automatically completed). This specification provides various examples of operations that are automatically performed in response to actions that a user has taken.

[0070] Approximately - refers to a value that is close to a correct or exact value. For example, approximately can refer to a value that is within 1% to 10% of an exact (or desired) value. However, it should be noted that the actual threshold value (or tolerance) may be application dependent. For example, in some embodiments, "approximately" may mean within 0.1% of some specified or desired value, while in various other embodiments, the threshold value may be, for example, 2%, 3%, 5%, etc., depending on the expectations or requirements of a particular application.

[0071] Concurrency - refers to parallel execution or implementation, where tasks, processes, or programs are executed in an at least partially overlapping manner. For example, concurrency can be implemented using "strong" or strict parallelism, where tasks are executed (at least partially) in parallel on respective computing elements, or using "weak parallelism", where tasks are executed in an interleaved manner (e.g., by time multiplexing of execution threads).

[0072] Various components may be described as being "configured to" perform one or more tasks. In such contexts, "configured to" is a broad statement that generally means "having a structure" that performs one or more tasks during operation. Thus, a component may be configured to perform a task even when the component is not currently performing the task (e.g., a collection of electrical conductors may be configured to electrically connect a module to another module even when the two modules are not connected). In some contexts, "configured to" may be a broad statement that generally means "having a structure" that performs one or more tasks during operation. Thus, a component may be configured to perform a task even when the component is not currently turned on. Typically, circuits that form a structure corresponding to "configured to" may include hardware circuits.

[0073] For ease of description, various components may be described as performing one or more tasks. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase "configured to". The statement that a component is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112(f) interpretation of that component.

[0074] Figure 1A and Figure 1B :Communication System

[0075] Figure 1A A simplified example wireless communication system according to some embodiments is shown. Note that Figure 1A The system is merely one example of a possible system, and features of the present disclosure may be implemented in any of a variety of systems, as desired.

[0076] As shown, the example wireless communication system includes a base station 102A, which communicates with one or more user equipment 106A, user equipment 106B, etc. to user equipment 106N through a transmission medium. Each user equipment in the user equipment may be referred to as a "user equipment" (UE) in this article. Therefore, user equipment 106 is referred to as UE or UE device.

[0077] The base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or a cell site ("cellular base station") and may include hardware that enables wireless communications with the UEs 106A-106N.

[0078] The communication area (or coverage area) of a base station may be referred to as a "cell". The base station 102A and the UE 106 may be configured to communicate over a transmission medium using any of a variety of radio access technologies (RATs), which are also referred to as wireless communication technologies or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces), LTE, Advanced LTE (LTE-A), 5G New Radio (5G NR), HSPA, 3GPP2CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), etc. It should be noted that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of LTE, it may alternatively be referred to as an "eNodeB" or "eNB". It should be noted that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of 5G NR, it may alternatively be referred to as a "gNodeB" or "gNB".

[0079] As shown, the base station 102A may also be configured to communicate with a network 100 (e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunications network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN), and / or the Internet, among other possibilities). Thus, the base station 102A may facilitate communications between user devices and / or between user devices and the network 100. Specifically, the cellular base station 102A may provide the UE 106 with various communication capabilities, such as voice, SMS, and / or data services.

[0080] Base station 102A and other similar base stations (such as base stations 102B, ..., 102N) operating according to the same or different cellular communication standards can therefore be provided as a network of cells that can provide continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to UE 106A-106N and similar devices over a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.

[0081] Thus, while base station 102A may act as a "serving cell" for UEs 106A-N as shown in FIG. 1 , each UE 106 may also be able to receive signals from (and possibly be within communication range of) one or more other cells (which may be provided by base stations 102B-102N and / or any other base station), which may be referred to as "neighboring cells." Such cells may also be able to facilitate communications between user devices and / or between user devices and network 100. Such cells may include "macro" cells, "micro" cells, "pico" cells, and / or cells of any various other granularity that provide service area sizes. For example, base stations 102A-102B shown in FIG. 1 may be macro cells, while base station 102N may be a micro cell. Other configurations are also possible.

[0082] In some embodiments, base station 102A may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station or "gNB". In some embodiments, a gNB may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to an NR core (NRC) network. In addition, a gNB cell may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs). In addition, a UE capable of operating in accordance with 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.

[0083] It should be noted that the UE 106 is capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, the UE 106 can be configured to communicate using wireless networking (e.g., Wi-Fi) and / or peer-to-peer wireless communication protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer, etc.) in addition to at least one cellular communication protocol (e.g., GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces), LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), etc.). If desired, the UE 106 can also or alternatively be configured to communicate using one or more global navigation satellite systems (GNSS, such as GPS or GLONASS), one or more mobile television broadcast standards (e.g., ATSC-M / H or DVB-H), and / or any other wireless communication protocols. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including more than two wireless communication standards) are also possible.

[0084] Figure 1B A user equipment 106 (e.g., one of device 106A through device 106N) is shown in communication with a base station 102 and an access point 112 according to some embodiments. The UE 106 may be a device with cellular communication capabilities and non-cellular communication capabilities (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.), such as a mobile phone, a handheld device, a computer or tablet computer, or virtually any type of wireless device.

[0085] UE 106 may include a processor configured to execute program instructions stored in a memory. UE 106 may perform any of the method implementations described herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively or in addition, UE 106 may include a programmable hardware element, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) configured to perform any of the method implementations described herein or any portion of any of the method implementations described herein.

[0086] UE 106 may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols or technologies. In some embodiments, UE 106 may be configured to communicate using, for example, CDMA2000 (1xRTT / 1xEV-DO / HRPD / eHRPD), LTE / Advanced LTE, or 5G NR using a single shared radio component and / or GSM, LTE, Advanced LTE, or 5G NR using a single shared radio component. The shared radio component may be coupled to a single antenna, or may be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performing wireless communications. Typically, the radio component may include any combination of a baseband processor, an analog RF signal processing circuit (e.g., including filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc.) or a digital processing circuit (e.g., for digital modulation and other digital processing). Similarly, the radio component may use the aforementioned hardware to implement one or more receive chains and transmit chains. For example, UE 106 may share one or more parts of a receive chain and / or a transmit chain between multiple wireless communication technologies such as those discussed above.

[0087] In some embodiments, UE 106 may include a separate transmit chain and / or receive chain (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol configured to communicate with it. As another possibility, UE 106 may include one or more radio components shared between multiple wireless communication protocols, and one or more radio components used uniquely by a single wireless communication protocol. For example, UE 106 may include a shared radio component for communicating using either LTE or 5GNR (or LTE or 1xRTT, or LTE or GSM), and a separate radio component for communicating using each of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Other configurations are also possible.

[0088] Figure 2 :Block diagram of base station

[0089] Figure 2 An example block diagram of a base station 102 according to some embodiments is shown. Note that Figure 3 The base station of is only one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station 102 may include a processor 204 that may execute program instructions for the base station 102. The processor 204 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 240 or other circuit or device, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor 204 and convert those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 260 and read-only memory (ROM) 250).

[0090] The base station 102 may include at least one network port 270. The network port 270 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide access to multiple devices (such as the UE device 106) as described above in FIG. Figure 2 Access to the telephone network described in.

[0091] The network port 270 (or an additional network port) may also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, such as a core network of a cellular service provider. The core network may provide mobility-related services and / or other services to multiple devices, such as the UE device 106. In some cases, the network port 270 may be coupled to a telephone network via the core network, and / or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., in other UE devices served by a cellular service provider).

[0092] In some embodiments, base station 102 may be a next generation base station, such as a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or "gNB". In such embodiments, base station 102 may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to an NR core (NRC) network. Furthermore, base station 102 may be considered a 5G NR cell and may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs). Furthermore, a UE capable of operating in accordance with 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.

[0093] The base station 102 may include at least one antenna 234 and possibly multiple antennas. The at least one antenna 234 may be configured to operate as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with the UE device 106 via the radio component 230. The antenna 234 communicates with the radio component 230 via a communication chain 232. The communication chain 232 may be a receive chain, a transmit chain, or both. The radio component 230 may be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards, including but not limited to 5G NR, LTE, LTE-A, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, etc.

[0094] Base station 102 may be configured to perform wireless communications using multiple wireless communication standards. In some examples, base station 102 may include multiple radio components that enable base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, as one possibility, base station 102 may include an LTE radio component for performing communications according to LTE and a 5G NR radio component for performing communications according to 5G NR. In this case, base station 102 may be able to operate as both an LTE base station and a 5G NR base station. As another possibility, base station 102 may include a multimode radio component that can perform communications according to any one of a plurality of wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc.).

[0095] As further described later herein, BS102 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting specific implementations of the features described herein. The processor 204 of the base station 102 may be configured to implement or support implementing part or all of the methods described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively, the processor 204 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), or as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition thereto), in combination with one or more of the other components 230, 232, 234, 240, 250, 260, 270, the processor 204 of the BS102 may be configured to implement or support implementing part or all of the features described herein.

[0096] In addition, as described herein, processor 204 may be composed of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor 204. Therefore, processor 204 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of processor 204. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of processor 204.

[0097] In addition, as described herein, radio 230 may be composed of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in radio 230. Therefore, radio 230 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of radio 230. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of radio 230.

[0098] Figure 3 :Block diagram of the server

[0099] Figure 3 An example block diagram of a server 104 according to some embodiments is shown. Note that Figure 3 The server 104 is just one example of a possible server. As shown, the server 104 may include a processor 344 that can execute program instructions for the server 104. The processor 344 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 374, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor 344 and convert these addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 364 and read-only memory (ROM) 354) or to other circuits or devices.

[0100] The server 104 may be configured to provide a plurality of devices (such as the base station 102, the UE device 106, and / or the UTM 108) with access to network functionality, for example, as further described herein.

[0101] In some embodiments, server 104 can be part of a radio access network, such as a 5G new radio (5G NR) access network. In some embodiments, server 104 can be connected to a traditional evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network.

[0102] As further described later herein, the server 104 may include hardware components and software components for implementing or supporting the features described herein. The processor 344 of the server 104 may be configured to implement or support part or all of the methods described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transient computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively, the processor 344 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition thereto), in combination with one or more components in other components 354, 364, and / or 374, the processor 344 of the server 104 may be configured to implement or support part or all of the features described herein.

[0103] In addition, as described herein, processor 344 may be composed of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor 344. Therefore, processor 344 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of processor 344. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of processor 344.

[0104] Figure 4 :UE block diagram

[0105] Figure 4 An example simplified block diagram of a communication device 106 according to some embodiments is shown. Note that Figure 4 The block diagram of the communication device is only an example of a possible communication device. According to the embodiment, the communication device 106 can be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or a mobile station, a wireless device or a wireless station, a desktop computer or a computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop computer, a notebook or a portable computing device), a tablet computer, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a UAV controller (UAC) and / or a combination of devices and other devices. As shown in the figure, the communication device 106 may include a group of components 400 configured to perform core functions. For example, the group of components may be implemented as a system on a chip (SOC), which may include parts for various purposes. Alternatively, the group of components 400 may be implemented as a separate component or a group of components for various purposes. This group of components 400 may be (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) coupled to various other circuits of the communication device 106.

[0106] For example, the communication device 106 may include various types of memory (e.g., including NAND flash memory 410), input / output interfaces such as connector I / F 420 (e.g., for connecting to a computer system; a docking station; a charging station; input devices such as a microphone, a camera, a keyboard; output devices such as a speaker; etc.), a display 460 that may be integrated with the communication device 106 or external to the communication device, and cellular communication circuits 430 such as for 5G NR, LTE, GSM, etc., and short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuits 429 (e.g., Bluetooth TM In some embodiments, the communication device 106 may include wired communication circuitry (not shown), such as, for example, a network interface card for Ethernet.

[0107] Cellular communication circuitry 430 may be (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) coupled to one or more antennas, such as antennas 435 and 436 as shown. Short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuitry 429 may also be (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) coupled to one or more antennas, such as antennas 437 and 438 as shown. Alternatively, short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuitry 429 may be (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) coupled to antennas 435 and 436 in addition to or in lieu of being (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) coupled to antennas 437 and 438. Short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuitry 429 and / or cellular communication circuitry 430 may include multiple receive chains and / or multiple transmit chains for receiving and / or transmitting multiple spatial streams, such as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration.

[0108] In some embodiments, as further described below, the cellular communication circuit 430 can include dedicated receive chains (including and / or coupled to (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) dedicated processors and / or radio components) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR). In addition, in some embodiments, the cellular communication circuit 430 can include a single transmit chain that can switch between radio components dedicated to specific RATs. For example, a first radio component can be dedicated to a first RAT, such as LTE, and can communicate with a dedicated receive chain and a transmit chain shared with an additional radio component, such as a second radio component that can be dedicated to a second RAT (e.g., 5G NR) and can communicate with the dedicated receive chain and the shared transmit chain.

[0109] The communication device 106 may also include and / or be configured for use with one or more user interface elements. The user interface element may include any of a variety of elements, such as a display 460 (which may be a touch screen display), a keyboard (which may be a separate keyboard or may be implemented as part of a touch screen display), a mouse, a microphone and / or a speaker, one or more cameras, one or more buttons, and / or any of a variety of other elements capable of providing information to a user and / or receiving or interpreting user input.

[0110] The communication device 106 may also include one or more smart cards 445 with SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) functionality, such as one or more UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) cards 445. Note that the term "SIM" or "SIM entity" is intended to include any of various types of SIM implementations or SIM functions, such as one or more UICC cards 445, one or more eUICCs, one or more eSIMs, removable or embedded, etc. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include at least two SIMs. Each SIM may execute one or more SIM applications and / or implement SIM functions in other ways. Thus, each SIM may be a single smart card that may be embedded, for example, soldered to a circuit board in the UE 106, or each SIM 410 may be implemented as a removable smart card. Thus, the SIM may be one or more removable smart cards (such as a UICC card, sometimes referred to as a "SIM card"), and / or the SIM 410 may be one or more embedded cards (such as an embedded UICC (eUICC), sometimes referred to as an "eSIM" or "eSIM card"). In some embodiments (such as when the SIM includes an eUICC), one or more of the SIMs may implement embedded SIM (eSIM) functionality; in such embodiments, a single SIM of the SIM may execute multiple SIM applications. Each SIM may include components such as a processor and / or a memory; instructions for performing SIM / eSIM functionality may be stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include a combination of removable smart cards and fixed / non-removable smart cards (such as one or more eUICC cards that implement eSIM functionality) as needed. For example, the UE 106 may include two embedded SIMs, two removable SIMs, or a combination of one embedded SIM and one removable SIM. Various other SIM configurations are also contemplated.

[0111] As described above, in some embodiments, UE 106 may include two or more SIMs. Including two or more SIMs in UE 106 may allow UE 106 to support two different phone numbers, and may allow UE 106 to communicate on corresponding two or more corresponding networks. For example, the first SIM may support a first RAT such as LTE, and the second SIM 410 may support a second RAT such as 5G NR. Of course, other specific implementations and RATs are also possible. In some embodiments, when UE 106 includes two SIMs, UE 106 may support dual card dual communication (DSDA) functionality. The DSDA functionality may allow UE 106 to be connected to two networks (and use two different RATs) at the same time, or allow two connections supported by two different SIMs using the same or different RATs to be maintained on the same or different networks at the same time. The DSDA functionality may also allow UE 106 to receive voice calls or data traffic on any phone number at the same time. In some embodiments, voice calls may be packet-switched communications. In other words, voice calls may be received using voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology and / or voice over NR (VoNR) technology. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may support dual SIM dual standby (DSDS) functionality. The DSDS functionality may allow either of the two SIMs in the UE 106 to standby for a voice call and / or data connection. In DSDS, when a call / data is established on one SIM, the other SIM is no longer active. In some embodiments, the DSDx functionality (DSDA or DSDS functionality) may be implemented using a single SIM (e.g., eUICC) that executes multiple SIM applications for different carriers and / or RATs.

[0112] As shown, SOC 400 may include a processor 402 that may execute program instructions for communication device 106 and a display circuit 404 that may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to display 460. Processor 402 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 440 (which may be configured to receive addresses from processor 402 and translate those addresses into locations in memory (e.g., memory 406, read-only memory (ROM) 450, NAND flash memory 410), and / or to other circuits or devices (such as display circuit 404, short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuit 429, cellular communication circuit 430, connector I / F 420, and / or display 460). MMU 440 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or setup. In some embodiments, MMU 440 may be included as part of processor 402.

[0113] As described above, the communication device 106 may be configured to communicate using wireless and / or wired communication circuits. The communication device 106 may be configured to perform methods for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods, and mechanisms for UEs to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configuration for CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting formats, and AI model lifecycle management, such as in and outside of 5G NR systems, as further described herein.

[0114] As described herein, the communication device 106 may include hardware components and software components for implementing the above-described features of the communication device 106 to communicate a scheduling profile for power saving to the network. The processor 402 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 402 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Alternatively (or in addition), in combination with one or more other components in other components 400, 404, 406, 410, 420, 429, 430, 440, 445, 450, 460, the processor 402 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein.

[0115] In addition, as described herein, processor 402 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processor 402 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of processor 402. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of processor 402.

[0116] In addition, as described herein, the cellular communication circuit 430 and the short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuit 429 may each include one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in the cellular communication circuit 430, and similarly, one or more processing elements may be included in the short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuit 429. Therefore, the cellular communication circuit 430 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of the cellular communication circuit 430. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the cellular communication circuit 430. Similarly, the short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuit 429 may include one or more ICs configured to perform the functions of the short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuit 429. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of the short-range to medium-range wireless communication circuit 429.

[0117] Figure 5 : Block diagram of a cellular communication circuit

[0118] Figure 5 An example simplified block diagram of a cellular communication circuit according to some embodiments is shown. Note that Figure 5 The block diagram of the cellular communication circuit of is only one example of possible cellular communication circuits. According to an embodiment, the cellular communication circuit 530 (which may be the cellular communication circuit 430) may be included in a communication device such as the communication device 106 described above. As described above, the communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device), a tablet computer, and / or a combination of devices, among other devices.

[0119] Cellular communication circuitry 530 may be (eg, communicatively; directly or indirectly) coupled to one or more antennas, such as ( Figure 4 In some embodiments, the cellular communication circuit 530 may include dedicated receive chains (including and / or coupled to (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) dedicated processors and / or radio components) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR). For example, Figure 5 As shown, cellular communication circuitry 530 may include modem 510 and modem 520. Modem 510 may be configured for communication according to a first RAT (e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A), and modem 520 may be configured for communication according to a second RAT (e.g., such as 5G NR).

[0120] As shown, the modem 510 may include one or more processors 512 and a memory 516 in communication with the processor 512. The modem 510 may communicate with a radio frequency (RF) front end 530. The RF front end 530 may include circuits for sending and receiving radio signals. For example, the RF front end 530 may include a receiving circuit (RX) 532 and a transmitting circuit (TX) 534. In some embodiments, the receiving circuit 532 may communicate with a downlink (DL) front end 550, which may include circuits for receiving radio signals via an antenna 335a.

[0121] Similarly, the modem 520 may include one or more processors 522 and a memory 526 in communication with the processor 522. The modem 520 may communicate with the RF front end 540. The RF front end 540 may include circuits for sending and receiving radio signals. For example, the RF front end 540 may include a receiving circuit 542 and a transmitting circuit 544. In some embodiments, the receiving circuit 542 may communicate with the DL front end 560, which may include circuits for receiving radio signals via the antenna 335b.

[0122] In some embodiments, the switch 570 may couple the transmit circuit 534 to an uplink (UL) front end 572. In addition, the switch 570 may couple the transmit circuit 544 to the UL front end 572. The UL front end 572 may include circuitry for transmitting radio signals via the antenna 336. Thus, when the cellular communication circuit 530 receives an instruction to transmit according to a first RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain including the transmit circuit 534 and the UL front end 572) supported by the modem 510, the switch 570 may be switched to a first state that allows the modem 510 to transmit signals according to the first RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain including the transmit circuit 534 and the UL front end 572). Similarly, when the cellular communication circuit 530 receives an instruction to transmit according to a second RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain including the transmit circuit 544 and the UL front end 572) supported by the modem 520, the switch 570 may be switched to a second state that allows the modem 520 to transmit signals according to the second RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain including the transmit circuit 544 and the UL front end 572).

[0123] In some embodiments, the cellular communication circuit 530 may be configured to perform methods for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods, and mechanisms for UEs to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configuration for CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting formats, and AI model lifecycle management, for example in and outside of 5G NR systems, as further described herein.

[0124] As described herein, the modem 510 may include hardware components and software components for implementing the above-described features or for time-division multiplexing UL data of NSANR operations and various other technologies described herein. For example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium), the processor 512 may be configured to implement some or all of the features described herein. Alternatively (or in addition), the processor 512 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), or as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Alternatively (or in addition), in combination with one or more of the other components 530, 532, 534, 550, 570, 572, 335, and 336, the processor 512 may be configured to implement some or all of the feature parts described herein.

[0125] In addition, as described herein, processor 512 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processor 512 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of processor 512. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuits (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of processor 512.

[0126] As described herein, the modem 520 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above-mentioned features for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods and mechanisms for UEs, for example, in and outside the 5GNR system to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configurations for CSI feedback, UE PMI report formats, and AI model lifecycle management, as well as various other technologies described herein. For example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium), the processor 522 may be configured to implement part or all of the feature parts described herein. Alternatively (or in addition thereto), the processor 522 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), or as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Alternatively (or in addition thereto), in combination with one or more of the other components 540, 542, 544, 550, 570, 572, 335, and 336, the processor 522 may be configured to implement part or all of the feature parts described herein.

[0127] In addition, as described herein, processor 522 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processor 522 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) configured to perform the functions of processor 522. In addition, each integrated circuit may include a circuit (e.g., a first circuit, a second circuit, etc.) configured to perform the functions of processor 522.

[0128] Fig. 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 7 : 5G core network architecture—interworking with Wi-Fi

[0129] In some embodiments, the 5G core network (CN) can be accessed via (or through) a cellular connection / interface (e.g., via a 3GPP communication architecture / protocol) and a non-cellular connection / interface (e.g., a non-3GPP access architecture / protocol such as a Wi-Fi connection). Fig. 6A An example of a 5G network architecture according to some embodiments is shown, which combines both 3GPP (e.g., cellular) access and non-3GPP (e.g., non-cellular) access to 5G CN. As shown, a user equipment device (e.g., such as UE106) can access 5G CN through both a radio access network (RAN, such as gNB 604, which can be a base station 102) and an access point (such as AP612). AP 612 may include a connection to the Internet 600 and a connection to a non-3GPP interworking function (N3IWF) 603 network entity. N3IWF may include a connection to a core access and mobility management function (AMF) 605 of the 5G CN. AMF 605 may include an instance of a 5G mobility management (5G MM) function associated with UE 106. In addition, the RAN (e.g., gNB 604) may also have a connection to AMF 605. Therefore, the 5G CN can support unified authentication on both connections and allow simultaneous registration of UE 106 access via both gNB 604 and AP 612. As shown in the figure, AMF 605 may include one or more functional entities associated with 5G CN (e.g., network slice selection function (NSSF) 620, short message service function (SMSF) 622, application function (AF) 624, unified data management (UDM) 626, policy control function (PCF) 628 and / or authentication server function (AUSF) 630). It should be noted that these functional entities can also be supported by the session management function (SMF) 606a and SMF 606b of 5G CN. AMF 605 can be connected to (or communicate with) SMF 606a. In addition, gNB 604 can communicate with (or be connected to) user plane function (UPF) 608a, which can also communicate with SMF 606a. Similarly, N3IWF 603 can communicate with UPF 608b, which can also communicate with SMF 606b. Both UPFs can communicate with data networks (e.g., DN 610a and 610b) and / or the Internet 600 and Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem / IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) Core Network 610.

[0130] Figure 6BAn example of a 5G network architecture according to some embodiments is shown, which combines both dual 3GPP (e.g., LTE and 5G NR) access to 5GCN and non-3GPP access. As shown, a user equipment device (e.g., such as UE106) can access 5G CN through both a radio access network (RAN, such as gNB 604 or eNB 602, which can be a base station 102) and an access point (such as AP 612). AP 612 may include a connection to the Internet 600 and a connection to the N3IWF 603 network entity. N3IWF may include a connection to AMF 605 of 5G CN. AMF 605 may include an instance of a 5G MM function associated with UE 106. In addition, RAN (e.g., gNB 604) may also have a connection to AMF 605. Therefore, 5G CN can support unified authentication on two connections and allow simultaneous registration of UE 106 access via both gNB 604 and AP 612. In addition, the 5G CN may support dual registration of UEs on both the legacy network (e.g., LTE via eNB 602) and the 5G network (e.g., via gNB 604). As shown, the eNB 602 may have connections to a mobility management entity (MME) 642 and a serving gateway (SGW) 644. The MME 642 may have connections to both the SGW 644 and the AMF 605. In addition, the SGW 644 may have connections to both the SMF 606a and the UPF 608a. As shown, the AMF 605 may include one or more functional entities associated with the 5G CN (e.g., NSSF 620, SMSF 622, AF 624, UDM 626, PCF 628, and / or AUSF 630). It should be noted that the UDM 626 may also include a home subscriber server (HSS) function, and the PCF may also include a policy and charging rules function (PCRF). It should also be noted that these functional entities can also be supported by SMF 606a and SMF 606b of 5G CN. AMF 606 can be connected to (or communicate with) SMF 606a. In addition, gNB 604 can communicate with (or be connected to) UPF 608a, which can also communicate with SMF 606a. Similarly, N3IWF 603 can communicate with UPF 608b, which can also communicate with SMF 606b. Both UPFs can communicate with data networks (e.g., DN 610a and 610b) and / or the Internet 600 and the IMS core network 610.

[0131] Note that in various embodiments, one or more of the above-described network entities may be configured to perform methods for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods, and mechanisms for UEs to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configuration for CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting formats, and AI model lifecycle management, for example, in and outside of 5G NR systems, as further described herein.

[0132] Figure 7 An example of a baseband processor architecture for a UE (eg, such as UE 106) is shown in accordance with some embodiments. Figure 7 The baseband processor architecture 700 described in the figure may be implemented on one or more radio components (e.g., the radio components 429 and / or 430 described above) or modems (e.g., modems 510 and / or 520) as described above. As shown, the non-access layer (NAS) 710 may include a 5G NAS 720 and a traditional NAS 750. The traditional NAS 750 may include a communication connection with a traditional access layer (AS) 770. The 5G NAS 720 may include a communication connection with a 5G AS 740 and a non-3GPP AS 730 and a Wi-Fi AS 732. The 5G NAS 720 may include functional entities associated with two access layers. Therefore, the 5G NAS 720 may include multiple 5G MM entities 726 and 728 and 5G session management (SM) entities 722 and 724. The traditional NAS 750 may include functional entities such as a short message service (SMS) entity 752, an evolved packet system (EPS) session management (ESM) entity 754, a session management (SM) entity 756, an EPS mobility management (EMM) entity 758, and a mobility management (MM) / GPRS mobility management (GMM) entity 760. In addition, the traditional AS 770 may include functional entities such as an LTE AS 772, a UMTS AS 774, and / or a GSM / GPRS AS 776.

[0133] Thus, the baseband processor architecture 700 allows for a common 5G-NAS for both 5G cellular and non-cellular (e.g., non-3GPP access). Note that, as shown, 5G MM can maintain separate connection management and registration management state machines for each connection. In addition, a device (e.g., UE 106) can register to a single PLMN (e.g., 5G CN) using 5G cellular access as well as non-cellular access. In addition, a device can be in a connected state in one access and in an idle state in another access, or vice versa. Finally, there may be common 5G-MM processes (e.g., registration, deregistration, identification, authentication, etc.) for both accesses.

[0134] It should be noted that in various embodiments, one or more of the above-mentioned functional entities of the 5G NAS and / or 5G AS may be configured to perform methods for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods and mechanisms for UEs to indicate predicted CSI reports, network configuration for CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting formats and AI model lifecycle management, for example, in and outside of 5G NR systems, as further described herein.

[0135] AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction

[0136] In 3GPP standard development, channel state information (CSI) feedback has been a basic topic in almost every 3GPP standard version. In addition, almost all CSI codebook designs focus on feedback based on current CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) measurements, such as Figure 8 As shown. As shown, in traditional CSI feedback (e.g., through 3GPP Release 17), the base station (e.g., gNB) periodically sends CSI-RS to the UE, and the UE periodically provides CSI feedback (CSI-FB). The base station then applies the CSI feedback to generate a precoding matrix index (PMI) until the next CSI feedback is available. In addition, assuming that the channel does not change substantially over time (e.g., within a few milliseconds), the base station can use older CSI feedback. Such a scheme works well for UE low mobility situations. Fig. 9 One possible 3GPP Release 18 enhancement is shown. As shown, a base station (e.g., gNB) may send a cluster of CSI-RS, and a UE may send CSI feedback to the base station based on at least one CSI-RS in the cluster of CSI-RS. The base station then applies the CSI feedback to generate a PMI (over time) until the next CSI feedback is available. However, in both cases, frequent CSI feedback is required, and both schemes are best suited for low mobility UEs. Therefore, improvements are desired.

[0137] The embodiments described herein provide systems, methods, and mechanisms for AI-based CSI feedback with CSI prediction, including systems, methods, and mechanisms for UE-indicated predicted CSI reports, network configuration of CSI feedback, UE PMI reporting formats, and AI model lifecycle management. For example, in some embodiments, the UE may predict future channels. The time frame for prediction (e.g., the duration of time and / or the predicted time) may be determined by the UE and / or configured by the network (e.g., a base station). Note that if the time frame is determined by the UE and / or when the time frame is determined by the UE, the UE may be required to include a timestamp in the UE CSI report. Note further that if the time frame is configured by the network and / or when the time frame is configured by the network, the UE may follow the configuration for prediction. In some embodiments, the UE may perform CSI compression of the current channel and the predicted channel. CSI compression may be CSI compression based on artificial intelligence (AI) or CSI compression based on a codebook.

[0138] For example, Fig.10 As shown, a base station (such as base station 102) may configure CSI-RS transmissions with a periodic pattern, for example, at times T0, T1, and T2. In addition, at time T2, a UE (such as UE 106) that has received and measured CSI-RS transmissions at times T0, T1, and T2 may predict the channel at times T2+t1, T2+t2, etc. The prediction may be based at least in part on CSIRS measurements, such as CSI-RS measurements at times T0, T1, and T2. In at least some instances, the prediction may be based on an AI model (e.g., such as Fig.11 The AI ​​model 1110 shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, the AI ​​model 1110 can use past CSI-RS measurements (e.g., such as at times T0, T1, and T2) as input, and can output a predicted channel at a future time after the most recent (or last) CSI-RS measurement but before the next CSI-RS measurement (e.g., at times T1 and T2). In some instances, the UE may calculate CSI feedback at times T2, T2+t1, and T2+t2, and joint CSI feedback at T2, T2+t1, and T2+t2, where T2+t2 is less than T3. In addition, the UE may then provide CSI feedback at a configured time T2' (e.g., the UE may feedback a CSI codebook), where T2' is at least the processing time after T2. In some instances, the processing time may be longer (e.g., extended) to accommodate the additional prediction time.

[0139] As another example, Fig.12As shown, a base station (such as base station 102) may configure CSI-RS transmissions with a periodic pattern, for example, at times T0, T1, and T2. In addition, at time T2, a UE (such as UE 106) that has received and measured CSI-RS transmissions at times T0, T1, and T2 may predict the channel at times T2+t1, T2+t2, etc. The prediction may be based at least in part on CSI RS measurements, such as CSI-RS measurements at times T0, T1, and T2. In at least some instances, the prediction may be based on an AI model (e.g., such as Fig.11 The AI ​​model shown in the figure) generates a prediction. In some instances, the UE may calculate CSI feedback at times T2, T2+t1, and T2+t2 and joint CSI feedback at T2, T2+t1, and T2+t2, where T2+t2 is less than T3. In addition, the UE may calculate CSI feedback based on a previous CSI measurement (e.g., such as at time T1). In addition, in some instances, the UE may calculate a precoding matrix index (PMI). For example, the UE may calculate a PMI with time domain information, for example, based on a 3GPP Release 18 CSI codebook. In such instances, the UE may report a predicted phase offset caused by the Doppler shift on each spatial basis and a PMI based on a 3GPP Release 16 CSI codebook, for example, to save measurement overhead instead of feedback overhead. As another example, the UE may calculate the PMI based on an autoencoder and / or an autodecoder. As another example, the UE may reuse a 3GPP Release 16 CSI codebook to feed back different PMIs. In some instances, after the base station receives CSI feedback at T2', the base station may determine (or recover) the PMI based on the CSI feedback, for example, via extraction of PMI information of T2, T2+t1, T2+t2. For example, if the UE calculates the PMI using a 3GPP Release 18 codebook and / or when the UE calculates the PMI using a 3GPP Release 18 codebook, the base station may extract the PMI based on the codeword. As another example, the base station may extract the PMI (or CSI) using an autoencoder and / or an autodecoder. As another example, the base station may recover the eigenvector using the predicted phase offset caused by the Doppler shift on each spatial basis and the 3GPP Release 16 CSI codebook.

[0140] In some instances, the UE capability report may include any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of indicating the capability to support time domain prediction, indicating the capability to support 3GPP Release 18 time domain codebooks, indicating the capability to support auto encoder / decoder AI models with time domain sequence inputs, and / or indicating the capability to process timelines. Note that looser timeline capabilities may be implemented and / or indicated to account for additional processing and / or more complex CSI calculations for time domain prediction.

[0141] In some instances, the network (e.g., a base station) may configure CSI feedback using time domain prediction, for example based on the UE indicating such capability via a capability report. For example, the configuration may include activation and / or deactivation of CSI prediction and CSI-RS configuration. For example, csiReportConfig may include additional prediction times (e.g., such as t1, t2, etc.), codebook configurations when the UE supports conventional codebook design (e.g., such as bit size, spatial basis, frequency domain basis, and Doppler basis configurations), and / or any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of the AI ​​encoder / decoder configurations when supported by the UE. Note that the AI ​​encoder may be pre-downloaded to the UE.

[0142] In some instances, a UE PMI report (e.g., CSI feedback) may include rank, PMI and side information, AI encoder output, associated NN ID, t1, t2 depending on the UE decision (e.g., not configured by the network), an indication of a predicted timestamp, and / or any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of CQI / LI, where the CQI at time t1 / t2 may be measured based on the predicted channel at time t1 / t2 and IMR prior to CSI in T2 and / or based on predicted interference at time t1 / t2.

[0143] Fig.13 A possible example of signaling of UE capability reporting and network configuration based on UE capability reporting and PMI feedback according to some embodiments is shown. Among other devices, Fig.13 The signaling shown in the figure can also be used with any of the systems, methods or devices shown in the figure. In various embodiments, some of the signaling shown can be executed concurrently in an order different from the order shown, or can be omitted. Additional signaling can also be performed as needed. As shown in the figure, the signaling can adopt the following process.

[0144] The signaling may begin with a UE (such as UE 106) sending a UE capability 1310 to a base station (such as base station 102), which UE capability may indicate any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of an ability to support time domain prediction, an ability to support 3GPP Release 18 time domain codebooks, an ability to support autoencoder / decoder AI models with time domain sequence inputs, and / or an ability to process timelines.

[0145] In response, the UE may, for example, receive a configuration for CSI feedback 1312 from the base station using time domain prediction, for example, based on the UE indicating such capability via UE capabilities. For example, the configuration may include activation and / or deactivation of CSI prediction and CSI-RS configuration. For example, csiReportConfig may include additional prediction times (e.g., such as t1, t2, etc.), codebook configurations when the UE supports conventional codebook design (e.g., such as bit size, spatial basis, frequency domain basis, and Doppler basis configurations), and / or any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of the AI ​​encoder / decoder configurations when supported by the UE. Note that the AI ​​encoder may be pre-downloaded to the UE.

[0146] In addition, the UE may receive a CSI-RS 1314 from the base station, for example, according to a CSI-RS configuration included in a configuration for CSI feedback.

[0147] The UE may then send a PMI report 1316 to the base station, for example, based on the configuration for CSI feedback. The PMI report (e.g., CSI feedback) may include a rank (or rank indicator), PMI and side information, an AI encoder output, an associated NN ID, an indication of a prediction timestamp (e.g., t1, t2, etc.) when the prediction time depends on a UE decision (e.g., not configured by the network), and / or any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of channel quality information (CQI) and / or a layer indicator (LI), wherein the CQI at time t1 / t2 may be measured based on an interference measurement resource (IMR) before the predicted channel at time t1 / t2 and the CSI in T2 and / or based on the predicted interference at time t1 / t2.

[0148] Additionally, the UE may receive a coherent downlink transmission 1318 from the base station, for example, transmitted in accordance with and / or based on the PMI report.

[0149] In some instances, AI models can be used for CSI prediction, e.g. Fig.14 As shown. For example, the CSI prediction AI model 1410 can be based on UE specific implementation and can be trained and managed locally by the UE. Therefore, as shown, the UE can use past CSI-RS measurements as input to the AI ​​model 1410, and the AI ​​model 1410 can output a predicted channel, for example, similar to the above reference Fig.10 , Fig.11 and Fig.12As described. In addition, the predicted channel can then be used as an input to the CSI encoder 1412 to provide uplink feedback to the base station (e.g., to the CSI decoder 1420 of the base station). In some instances, when the predicted performance is reduced, the UE can monitor the predicted performance in real time by comparing the predicted channel with the next CSI-RS measurement. In addition, the UE can transmit a request to the base station to deactivate the prediction-based feedback. For example, when the predicted performance degradation exceeds a threshold amount, the UE can transmit a request via a MAC CE. As another example, the UE can transmit a request via UE assistance information (UAI). It should be noted that if the UE is able to use the received CSI-RS for online training to fine-tune the AI ​​model, the UE can request more frequent CSI-RS transmissions from the base station to facilitate faster fine-tuning. In addition, if the UE mobility is low, the UE can request to turn off feedback based on time domain prediction. In addition, the base station can control the time domain prediction by configuring a low mobility standard for the time domain CSI feedback. In some instances, when the CSI prediction model and the CSI compression model work as a chained model, if the prediction performance degrades, the CSI prediction model may be disabled and CSI compression may use past CSI-RS measurements instead of output from the CSI prediction model.

[0150] In some instances, additional processing capabilities longer than Z2 defined in 3GPP TS 38.214 may be defined due to additional processing, AI prediction, and CSI calculations for multiple time slots.

[0151] Fig.15 A block diagram of an example of a method for artificial intelligence (AI) based CSI feedback with channel state information (CSI) prediction according to some embodiments is shown. Among other devices, Fig.15 The method shown in can also be used together with any one of the system, method or device shown in the figure. In various embodiments, some method elements shown can be executed concurrently in a different order than shown, or can be omitted. Additional method elements can also be executed as required. As shown in the figure, the method can be operated as follows.

[0152] At 1502, a user equipment device (UE) such as UE 106 may send a UE capability indicating support for time domain CSI prediction to a base station such as base station 102. The UE capability may be included in a UE capability report. The UE capability report may also include any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of an ability to indicate support for channel state prediction, an ability to indicate support for predicted values, an ability to indicate support for regions, an ability to indicate support for 3GPP Release 18 time domain codebooks, an ability to indicate support for auto encoder / decoder AI models with time domain sequence inputs, and / or an ability to indicate processing timelines.

[0153] At 1504, the UE may receive a configuration for CSI feedback from the base station. The configuration for CSI feedback may be based at least in part on UE capabilities. The configuration for CSI feedback may include any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of an indication of activation of CSI prediction, an indication of deactivation of CSI prediction, and / or a CSI-RS report configuration. The CSI-RS report configuration may include any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of a parameter indicating activation or deactivation of CSI prediction, a CSI prediction time, a codebook configuration, an AI encoder configuration, and / or an AI decoder configuration. The codebook configuration may include any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of a bit size, a spatial basis configuration, a frequency basis configuration, and / or a Doppler basis configuration.

[0154] At 1506, the UE may send CSI feedback to the base station based at least in part on the predicted channel information. In addition, the CSI feedback may be based on one or more CSI reference signals (CSI-RS) received from the base station, for example, in some instances, the UE may receive one or more CSI-RS from the base station that may be configured according to the CSI-RS configuration. The CSI feedback may include a precoding matrix index (PMI) report. In some instances, the PMI may be calculated based on a 3GPP Release 18 CSI codebook enhancement with time domain information. For example, a PMI report may include a predicted phase offset caused by a Doppler shift for each spatial basis and a PMI calculated based on a 3GPP Release 16 CSI codebook. In some instances, the PMI may be calculated based on an autoencoder or an autodecoder. In some instances, the PMI may be calculated based on a 3GPP Release 16 CSI codebook. In some instances, the CSI feedback may include any, any combination, and / or all (e.g., at least one and / or one or more) of a rank, a rank indicator, a PMI and side information, an AI encoder output, an associated neural network (NN) identifier (ID), an indication of a prediction timestamp when the base station does not configure a prediction time, channel quality information (CQI), and / or a layer indicator (LI). In some instances, the CQI at the prediction time may be measured based on the predicted channel at the prediction time and the interference measurement resource (IMR) before the CSI at the next CSI reception time. In some instances, the CQI at the prediction time is measured based on the predicted interference at the prediction time. In some instances, sending CSI feedback to the base station based at least in part on the predicted channel information may occur at least at a specified processing time after receiving the last CSI-RS. The specified processing time may include a time duration to accommodate additional prediction times.

[0155] In some instances, transmitting to a base station based at least in part on the predicted channel information may include the UE inputting a previous CSI-RS measurement into an AI model; predicting a predicted channel via the AI ​​model; inputting the predicted channel into a CSI encoder; and generating CSI feedback based on an output of the CSI encoder. In addition, in some instances, predicting the predicted channel via the AI ​​model may include the UE determining the predicted channel via the AI ​​model at two or more times between receiving the last CSI-RI and receiving the next CSI-RS. In some instances, the AI ​​model may include at least one of a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, or a transformer model.

[0156] In some instances, the UE may monitor the performance of the predicted channel information. In addition, the UE may determine that the monitored performance is below a threshold. In response to determining that the monitored performance is below a threshold, the UE may send a request to the base station to deactivate prediction-based feedback. In some instances, monitoring the performance of the predicted channel information may include the UE comparing the predicted channel with the next CSI-RS measurement. In some instances, a request to deactivate prediction-based feedback may be sent via an uplink medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) and / or through UE assistance information (UAI). Note that upon receiving the request, the base station may deactivate CSI prediction and use a non-prediction-based CSI feedback method.

[0157] In some instances, the UE may monitor the performance of the predicted channel information. In addition, the UE may determine that the monitored performance is below a threshold. In response to determining that the monitored performance is below the threshold, the UE may send a request for more frequent CSI-RS to the base station to tune the performance of the predicted channel information.

[0158] In some examples, the UE may receive a command from the base station to disable the prediction-based feedback when the monitoring performance based on the predicted channel information falls below a threshold. In some examples, the performance of the predicted channel information is monitored based on at least one of downlink throughput or by comparison of downlink throughput based on predicted CSI feedback with downlink throughput based on non-predictive legacy CSI feedback.

[0159] In some instances, the UE may determine that the mobility state of the UE has fallen below a threshold. In response to determining that the mobility state of the UE has fallen below the threshold, the UE may send a request to the base station to disable prediction-based feedback based on the mobility state. The threshold may be configured by the base station.

[0160] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0161] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in any of a variety of forms. For example, some embodiments may be implemented as computer-implemented methods, computer-readable storage media, or computer systems. Other embodiments may be implemented using one or more custom-designed hardware devices such as ASICs. Other embodiments may be implemented using one or more programmable hardware elements such as FPGAs.

[0162] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be configured such that it stores program instructions and / or data, wherein if executed by a computer system, the program instructions cause the computer system to perform a method, such as any one of the method embodiments described herein, or any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein or any combination of such subsets.

[0163] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., UE 106) may be configured to include a processor (or a group of processors) and a memory medium, wherein the memory medium stores program instructions, wherein the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, wherein the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or any combination of such subsets). The device may be implemented in any of a variety of forms.

[0164] By interpreting each message / signal X received by a user equipment (UE) in the downlink as a message / signal X sent by the base station, and interpreting each message / signal Y sent by the UE in the uplink as a message / signal Y received by the base station, any of the methods for operating a UE described herein may become the basis for the corresponding method for operating a base station.

[0165] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to include all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for artificial intelligence (AI) based channel state information (CSI) feedback with CSI prediction, comprising: User Equipment (UE), Sending to the base station an indication of UE capability supporting time domain CSI prediction; receiving, from the base station, a configuration for CSI feedback based at least in part on the UE capabilities; as well as CSI feedback is sent to the base station based on one or more CSI reference signals (CSI-RS), wherein the CSI feedback is based at least in part on the predicted channel information.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The UE, The one or more CSI-RS are received from the base station, wherein the one or more CSI-RS are configured according to the CSI-RS configuration.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, The UE capability is included in a UE capability report, wherein the UE capability report further includes at least one of the following: Indicates the capability to support channel state prediction; Indicates the ability to support the predicted value; Indicates the ability to support areas; Indicates the capability to support 3GPP Release 18 time domain codebook; Indicates the ability to support autoencoder / decoder AI models with time-domain sequence input; or Indicates the ability to handle timelines.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The configuration for CSI feedback includes one or more of the following: Indication of activation of CSI predictions; an indication of deactivation of CSI prediction; or CSI-RS reporting configuration.

5. The method according to claim 4, The CSI-RS reporting configuration includes one or more of the following: Parameter indicating activation or deactivation of CSI prediction; CSI prediction time; Codebook configuration; AI encoder configuration; or AI decoder configuration.

6. The method according to claim 5, The codebook configuration includes one or more of the following: Bit size; Space basic configuration; Frequency base configuration; or Doppler basic configuration.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, The CSI feedback includes a precoding matrix index (PMI) report.

8. The method according to claim 7, The PMI is calculated based on the 3GPP Release 18 CSI codebook enhancement with time domain information.

9. The method according to claim 8, The PMI report includes a predicted phase offset caused by a Doppler frequency shift on a per-space basis and a PMI calculated based on a 3GPP release 16 CSI codebook.

10. The method according to claim 7, The PMI is calculated based on an auto-encoder or an auto-decoder.

11. The method according to claim 7, The PMI is calculated based on the 3GPP version 16 CSI codebook.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, The CSI feedback includes one or more of the following: rank; rank indicator; PMI and side information; AI encoder output; the associated neural network (NN) identifier (ID); an indication of a prediction timestamp when the base station is not configured with a prediction time; Channel Quality Information (CQI); or Layer Indicator (LI).

13. The method according to claim 12, The CQI at the predicted time is measured based on the predicted channel at the predicted time and an interference measurement resource (IMR) before the CSI at the next CSI reception time.

14. The method according to claim 12, The CQI at the predicted time is measured based on the predicted interference at the predicted time.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein CSI feedback is sent to the base station based on the one or more CSI-RSs, wherein the CSI feedback is based at least in part on the predicted channel information, the method comprising: The UE, Input previous CSI-RS measurements into the AI ​​model; Predicting a predicted channel via the AI ​​model; inputting the predicted channel to a CSI encoder; and The CSI feedback is generated based on an output of the CSI encoder.

16. The method according to claim 15, Wherein predicting the predicted channel via the AI ​​model comprises: The UE, The predicted channel is determined via the AI ​​model at two or more times between receiving a last CSI-RI and receiving a next CSI-RS.

17. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 16, The AI ​​model includes at least one of a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, or a transformer model.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, Wherein CSI feedback is sent to the base station based on the one or more CSI-RSs, wherein the CSI feedback is based at least in part on the predicted channel information, and the sending occurs at least a specified processing time after receiving a last CSI-RS.

19. The method according to claim 18, Wherein the specified processing time includes a time duration to accommodate additional prediction time.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising: The UE, monitoring performance of the predicted channel information; Determining that the monitored performance is below a threshold; as well as A request to disable prediction based feedback is sent to the base station.

21. The method according to claim 20, Wherein monitoring the performance of the predicted channel information comprises the UE comparing the predicted channel with a next CSI-RS measurement.

22. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 21, Wherein the request to deactivate prediction based feedback is sent via an uplink Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) or through UE Assistance Information (UAI).

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising: The UE, A command is received from the base station to deactivate prediction-based feedback based on a monitoring performance of the predicted channel information falling below a threshold.

24. The method according to claim 23, The performance of the predicted channel information is monitored based on at least one of a downlink throughput or a comparison of a downlink throughput based on predicted CSI feedback and a downlink throughput based on non-predictive CSI feedback.

25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, further comprising: The UE, monitoring performance of the predicted channel information; Determining that the monitored performance is below a threshold; as well as A request for a more frequent CSI-RS is sent to the base station to tune the performance of the predicted channel information.

26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, further comprising: The UE, Determining that the mobility state of the UE has dropped below a threshold; as well as A request to disable prediction based feedback is sent to the base station based on the mobility state.

27. The method according to claim 26, The threshold is configured by the base station.

28. A computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 27.

29. A user equipment device (UE), the user equipment device (UE) comprising: one or more processors; as well as A memory having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 27.

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