High-fruiting-rate prinsepia utilis royle grafting propagation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-fruiting-rate prinsepia utilis royle grafting propagation method. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting at least one-year-old prinsepia utilis royle seedlings which grow well and are free of plant diseases and insect pests, and the overground part diameter of the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings is 0.5-2 cm as stocks; 2) selecting middle and upper parts of excellent seed trees without diseases and insect pests to grow well as scions; 5) wrapping the cut of the cut stock and the scion with a grafting film, fixing the scion in the cut of the stock after wrapping to keep the stock and the scion forming layer tightly attached and fixed, exposing the axillary bud position on the scion without wrapping other positions, and setting a sunshade net after grafting is completed; and 6) when the young sprouts on the scions grow to 15-20cm, removing the grafting film, and cutting at least three parallel long-line wounds on the epidermis of the rootstock branches and the scion branches by using the tip of the grafting knife. According to the method, later-stage tedious management is not needed, more than 93% of prinsepia utilis royle seedlings bred through grafting bloom and bear fruits in one year after field planting, the character of the born seeds is basically consistent with that of seed trees, and a good foundation is laid for vegetative propagation of prinsepia utilis royle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thorn fruit planting, and in particular to a thorn fruit grafting and propagation method with a high fruit-bearing rate. Background Art

[0002] Prinsepia utilis Royle, also known as green thorn tip, flat-core wood, and oil fruit, is a shrub of the genus Prinsepia in the Rosaceae family. Yunnan Province is rich in wild Prinsepia germplasm resources, which are widely distributed in Lijiang, Diqing, Nujiang, Dali, Chuxiong, Kunming, Zhaotong, Yuxi, Qujing and other prefectures and cities, and are concentrated in the cold mountainous areas of northwest Yunnan with an altitude of 2100-2800m.

[0003] At present, the main method of seed propagation of the prickly ash is to use seeds as the propagation body. Seed propagation is to sow seeds to achieve a large single reproduction amount, but there is a problem of easy mutation, the excellent characteristics of the original variety are not easy to maintain, and the reproduction cycle is long. It takes three years for the prickly ash to bloom and bear fruit after sowing. The reproduction cycle is too long to meet the needs of industrial application.

[0004] Grafting propagation is a commonly used method of plant breeding. Grafting propagation can maintain genetic traits and achieve early fruiting of tree species.

[0005] For example, the cultivation method for increasing the essential oil content of black prickly ash disclosed in CN202110975684.7 selects black prickly ash seedlings in the peak fruit-bearing period with strong tree vigor, high yield and excellent quality, cuts scion branches from the black prickly ash seedlings, and grafts the treated scion branches onto the selected rootstock seedlings and cooperates with subsequent management to increase the essential oil content of black prickly ash; however, this method lacks measurement results of the essential oil content in the cultivated black prickly ash, and cannot prove that the effect has been achieved.

[0006] Moreover, by applying a plant grafting healing agent to the grafting interface of the scion on the rootstock seedling and only tying the grafting interface, the grafted scion branches cannot effectively guarantee the normal growth of the grafted scion branches on the rootstock seedling. The grafted scion branches grow slowly and are easily broken, resulting in grafting failure. Although the transplant survival rate of the grafted seedlings of this method reaches more than 91.2%, this method does not provide the flowering and fruiting rate of the green thorn fruit after grafting, nor does it indicate how much the fruiting time can be advanced. It is unclear whether this method can improve the flowering and fruiting rate of green thorn fruit after grafting and propagation.

[0007] The information disclosed in the background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a high-fruiting rate green thorn fruit grafting propagation method, which is simple to operate and does not require tedious forest management after colonization; the method has a low propagation cost; the fruit trees can bear fruit in as short a time as 1 year after propagation, and a fruiting rate of more than 90% can be achieved; the method has a high survival rate of fruit trees.

[0009] The present application provides a high-fruiting rate green thorn fruit grafting propagation method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1) Selecting a 1-year-old green thorn fruit seedling with good growth, no diseases or insect pests, and an above-ground diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm as a rootstock, and cutting the rootstock at a distance of 3 to 5 cm from the ground as the rootstock cutoff;

[0011] 2) Select the middle and upper parts of the mother tree with good growth without diseases and insect pests as the scion. The scion should be the branches of the current year and should be grafted immediately after harvesting. There should be 1 to 2 complete axillary buds on the upper part of the scion.

[0012] 3) Cut the two side walls of the lower end of the scion into symmetrical wedge-shaped slopes with a length of about 1 to 2 cm, retaining 1 / 4 of the total number of scion leaves;

[0013] 4) making at least one incision with a depth of 1.2 to 1.5 cm on one side of the cut edge of the stock to obtain a stock incision, prying the stock incision open and inserting the lower end of the scion into the stock incision along the inclined surface, with the cambium on one side of the scion aligned and closely attached to the cambium on one side of the stock;

[0014] 5) Wrap the cut stock and scion with grafting film, fix the scion in the incision of the stock after wrapping, keep the cambium of the stock and scion close and fixed, the axillary bud position on the scion is exposed and the rest of the position is wrapped, and set a sunshade net after completing the grafting;

[0015] 6) When the new shoots on the scion grow to 15-20 cm long, remove the grafting film and use the tip of the grafting knife to make at least three parallel long wounds on the epidermis of the rootstock branch and the scion branch.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises: when the new shoots on the scion grow to 20 to 30 cm in length, removing the tops of the new shoots.

[0017] Preferably, in step 4), after the scion is inserted into the incision of the stock, the inclined surface of the scion extends out of the cut surface of the stock by 0.3 to 0.6 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step 5), the grafting film is used to completely wrap the scion from top to bottom and expose the axillary bud position.

[0019] Preferably, in step 5), a grafting film is used to wrap the scion to the top.

[0020] Preferably, the grafting membrane is a plastic film strip.

[0021] Preferably, the rootstock is a one-year-old Psoralea corylifolia seedling; and the number of incisions set in step 4) is 1.

[0022] Preferably, in step 6), three parallel long wounds are made on the epidermis of the rootstock branch and the scion branch with the tip of the grafting knife.

[0023] Preferably, the grafting operation is performed between early June and early July each year.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0025] 1) The high-fruiting rate grafting propagation method of the thorn fruit provided in the present application does not require tedious management in the later stage. More than 93% of the thorn fruit seedlings propagated by grafting bloom and bear fruit one year after planting, and the fruit characteristics are basically the same as those of the mother tree, which lays a good foundation for the asexual propagation of the thorn fruit. Compared with the sowing propagation method, this method can bear fruit 2 to 3 years earlier, and the excellent traits of the plant are well maintained.

[0026] 2) The high-fruiting rate green thorn fruit grafting propagation method provided in the present application can effectively increase the flowering and fruiting rate to 93%, and fruiting can be achieved more than 2 years earlier than sowing propagation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 These are the actual photos of the cut scions in Example 1 of the present application; a and b are the actual photos of the two scions after cutting, respectively;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a photo of the actual object in the bandaged state after grafting in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a photo of a plant that survived grafting in Example 1 of the present application. The grafting stake and grafting scion can be seen in the photo.

[0030] Method of implementation

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Example

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the materials used in the following examples were obtained from commercial channels; the detection methods used were all existing methods unless otherwise specified.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] S2: Rootstock selection: Select one-year-old green thorn fruit seedlings with good growth, no diseases and insect pests, and a ground diameter of 1.5 cm as the rootstock;

[0035] S3. Scion collection: Select the branches of the current year with good growth in the middle and upper parts of excellent mother trees without diseases and insect pests as scions, and the scions are collected and grafted immediately;

[0036] S4. Cut the scion: Cut the two symmetrical sides of the lower end of the scion into symmetrical wedge-shaped slopes. Figure 1 As shown, the length of the bevel is about 1 to 2 cm, and there are 1 to 2 complete axillary buds and 1 / 4 of the leaves on the upper part of the scion;

[0037] S5. Rootstock processing: Cut the rootstock 4 cm from the base, smooth the broken rootstock, and use a grafting knife to make an oblique cut with a depth of 1.3 cm on one side of the cut end of the rootstock to obtain the rootstock incision.

[0038] S6, scion joint: use a grafting tool to pry open a gap in the stock cut, insert the scion into the stock cut along the slope, align the cambium on one side of the scion with the cambium on the other side of the stock and make them close together, and the upper end of the slope of the scion is exposed 0.5 cm from the cut stock;

[0039] S7. Use grafting film to wrap and fix the position of the scion and the rootstock so that the cambium of the rootstock and the scion are tightly fixed. Figure 2 As shown, the plastic film is then used to seal the cut end of the scion, and the entire scion is wrapped from top to bottom, all the way to the top of the scion, but the axillary bud is not wrapped;

[0040] S8. Management after grafting: Put up the sunshade net after grafting to avoid direct sunlight;

[0041] S9, unbinding: When the new shoots on the scion grow to 17cm long, remove all the plastic film bands tied to the grafting joint and the scion, and use the tip of the grafting knife to make three parallel long wounds on the epidermis of the rootstock branch and the scion branch;

[0042] S10. Pinching new shoots: When the new shoots on the scion grow to 25 cm long, remove the top of the new shoots. The growth of the plant is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] The proportion of flowering and fruiting plants of the thorn fruit seedlings propagated by layering is greater than 93% in the first year after planting, and the characteristics of the fruits are basically the same as those of the mother tree, providing good technical support for the asexual reproduction of the thorn fruit. The survival rate of the layered plants propagated by this method can be greater than 90%, which is conducive to large-scale reproduction of the thorn fruit.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The difference from Example 1 is that the top of the seedling is cut at 70-80 cm from the ground, a 2-2.5 cm long and 5-6 cm deep incision is cut below the incision, and a grafting nutrient solution is sprayed on the incision to obtain the rootstock. Only the grafting port is bound with a plastic film strip, and the other parts are not bound.

[0047] According to the methods in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, 200 green thorn fruit seedlings were grafted between June 10 and July 15 of the grafting year (100 plants were treated by the method in Example 1; 100 plants were treated by the method in Comparative Example 2); 100 seeds were sown by the method in Comparative Example 1.

[0048] The fruit seedlings that survived grafting according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were colonized in Yangbi, Dali. One year later, the survival rate, flowering rate and fruiting rate of the colonized plants were statistically analyzed.

[0049] Survival rate = number of surviving plants / total number of established plants*100%;

[0050] Fruiting rate = number of fruiting plants / total number of established plants*100%; fruiting amount is calculated based on the actual harvested amount.

[0051] The results are shown in the following table:

[0052] Example 1 Method Comparative Example 1 Method Comparative Example 2 Survival rate (%) 94 67 45 Result rate (%) 93 0 0 Result quantity (kg / plant) 0.0011 0 0

[0053] It can be seen from the above table that the method provided in this application can achieve a fruiting rate of more than 90% within the first year after colonization, while the methods provided in Examples 1 to 2 cannot achieve the effect of fruiting within 1 year of colonization, and the method in Example 2 does not perform forest management and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is low.

[0054] The method provided by the present application can produce fruits 2 to 3 years earlier than the sowing and breeding method, and the excellent traits of the plants are well maintained.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that: the diameter of the aboveground part of the stock is 0.5 cm; the stock is cut off at a distance of 3 cm from the ground as the stock cut; the length of the inclined surface at the lower end of the scion is about 1 cm; the depth of the two incisions is 1.5 cm; when the new shoot on the scion grows to 20 cm long, the grafting film is removed; 5 parallel long wounds are drawn on the epidermis of the stock branch and the scion branch; when the new shoot on the scion grows to 30 cm long, the top of the new shoot is removed. After the scion is inserted into the stock cut, the inclined surface of the scion extends 0.6 cm from the stock cut surface.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that: the diameter of the aboveground part of the stock is 2 cm; the stock is cut off at a distance of 5 cm from the ground as the stock cut; the length of the inclined surface at the lower end of the scion is about 2 cm; the depth of the two cuts is 1.2 cm; when the new shoots on the scion grow to 15 cm in length, the grafting film is removed; when the new shoots on the scion grow to 20 cm in length, the top of the new shoots is removed. After the scion is inserted into the stock cut, the inclined surface of the scion extends 0.3 cm from the stock cut surface.

[0059] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-fruiting rate green thorn fruit grafting propagation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Selecting a 1-year-old green thorn fruit seedling with good growth, no diseases or insect pests, and an above-ground diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm as a rootstock, and cutting the rootstock at a distance of 3 to 5 cm from the ground as the rootstock cutoff; 2) Select the middle and upper parts of the mother tree with good growth without diseases and insect pests as the scion. The scion should be the branches of the current year and should be grafted immediately after harvesting. There should be 1 to 2 complete axillary buds on the upper part of the scion. 3) Cut the two side walls of the lower end of the scion into symmetrical wedge-shaped slopes with a length of about 1 to 2 cm, retaining 1 / 4 of the total number of scion leaves; 4) making at least one incision with a depth of 1.2 to 1.5 cm on one side of the cut edge of the stock to obtain a stock incision, prying the stock incision open and inserting the lower end of the scion into the stock incision along the inclined surface, with the cambium on one side of the scion aligned and closely attached to the cambium on one side of the stock; 5) Wrap the cut stock and scion with grafting film, fix the scion in the incision of the stock after wrapping, keep the cambium of the stock and scion close and fixed, the axillary bud position on the scion is exposed and the rest of the position is wrapped, and set a sunshade net after completing the grafting; 6) When the new shoots on the scion grow to 15-20 cm long, remove the grafting film and use the tip of the grafting knife to make at least three parallel long wounds on the epidermis of the rootstock branch and the scion branch.

2. The high-fruiting rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: When the new shoots on the scion grow to 20 to 30 cm long, remove the top of the new shoot.

3. The high fruit-bearing rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), after the scion is inserted into the incision of the stock, the inclined surface of the scion extends out of the cut surface of the stock by 0.3 to 0.6 cm.

4. The high fruit-bearing rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the grafting film is used to completely wrap the scion from top to bottom and expose the axillary bud position.

5. The high fruit-bearing rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), a grafting film is used to wrap the scion to the top.

6. The high-fruiting rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting membrane is a plastic film strip.

7. The high fruit-bearing rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rootstock is a 1-year-old green thorn fruit seedling; In step 4), the number of cuts is set to 1.

8. The high fruit-bearing rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), three parallel long wounds are made on the epidermis of the rootstock branch and the scion branch with the tip of the grafting knife.

9. The high fruit-bearing rate green prickle grafting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting operation is carried out between early June and early July every year.

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