Construction method and management method of forest counter-slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method and a management method of a forest counter-slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, and relates to the technical field of accurate improvement of stand quality and large-diameter timber cultivation of target trees of precious tree species. The construction method of the forest counter-slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform comprises the following steps that a pit face is dug on the periphery of the ground diameter of a forest, and the pit face inclines downwards in the upslope direction of a mountain land; the forest tree is planted at a position between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface. According to the method, the yield of target forest trees can be remarkably improved, the forest stand productivity is improved by 20% or above, and the labor cost is reduced by 30% or above. Meanwhile, man-made interference is reduced, the forest stand biodiversity is improved, long-term maintenance and improvement of forest land productivity are achieved, and good ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of accurate improvement of forest stand quality and cultivation technology of large-diameter timber of target trees of precious tree species, and in particular to a construction method and management method of a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform. Background Art

[0002] The development of forestry in my country in the new era has entered a new stage where both quantity and quality are equally important from quantitative growth. Accurately improving forest quality and cultivating large-diameter timber of precious tree species will become the goal and task of forestry for a long period of time in the future. With the increase in labor costs, my country's artificial forests will inevitably shift from focusing on expanding afforestation areas to focusing on improving the productivity and quality of existing artificial forests, and from blind extensive management to targeted intensive and efficient management. To this end, how to reduce operating costs and how to achieve long-term maintenance and improvement of site productivity have become urgent practical needs. In view of this, the present invention provides a construction method and management method for a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method and management method of a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, with the purpose of achieving long-term maintenance and improvement of forest productivity and reducing operating costs.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform comprises the following steps: digging a pit surface around the forest ground diameter, the pit surface sloping downward along the uphill direction of the mountain; the planting position of the trees is between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0007] Furthermore, the specifications of the pit surface are (80-100) cm×(80-200) cm.

[0008] Furthermore, the specifications of the pit surface are 80cm×80cm or 100cm×200cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the height difference between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface is 20 cm to 30 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the planting position of the trees is at a position 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the distance from the lowest side of the pit surface to the highest side of the pit surface.

[0011] Furthermore, a water storage ditch is dug on the pit surface, and the position of the water storage ditch is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the distance from the lowest side of the pit surface to the highest side of the pit surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the depth of the water storage ditch is 20±10 cm.

[0013] In the second aspect, a management method of a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is provided, and water and fertilizer cultivation of forest is carried out on the constructed forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform.

[0014] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer cultivation of the trees is specifically as follows: fertilizing in strip ditches on both sides or in ring ditches on the reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform for the trees.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes the maintenance of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform; for the unclosed forest stands, the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is maintained 1 to 2 times a year; for the closed forest stands, the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is maintained once every 2 to 3 years. The maintenance mainly involves clearing the weeds on the platform, cleaning the soil washed down by rainwater on the uphill slope, and maintaining the design requirements of the platform; pay attention to covering the cleared weeds on the platform surface to increase soil organic matter.

[0016] The present invention mainly constructs and manages the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform from the following aspects:

[0017] (1) Long-term maintenance and improvement of forest productivity: Forest growth is a long-term process. The maintenance and improvement of forest productivity is particularly important. By improving the water and fertilizer management methods of individual trees, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency can be improved, the self-fertilization capacity of the forest can be enhanced, and the forest yield can be increased.

[0018] (2) Reduce forest management costs: Make full use of natural forces, invest once and gain multiple benefits, and reduce labor costs.

[0019] (3) Cultivate high-quality large-diameter timber: increase timber revenue and achieve precise quality improvement and sustainable management of plantation forests.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can significantly increase the production of target trees, increase forest productivity by more than 20%, and reduce labor costs by more than 30%. At the same time, it reduces human interference, increases forest biodiversity, achieves long-term maintenance and improvement of forest productivity, and has good ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A top view of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a bird's-eye view of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific technology or conditions are specified in the embodiments, the technology or conditions described in the literature in this field or the product instructions are used. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased through regular channels.

[0026] Example

[0027] This embodiment makes full use of natural forces and utilizes the principle of water-fertilizer coupling to improve the water and fertilizer management methods of forests, improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, enhance the self-fertilization capacity of forest land, reduce forest management costs, and achieve sustainable management of artificial forests.

[0028] The present embodiment relates to a method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, comprising the following steps: digging a pit surface around the forest ground diameter, wherein the pit surface is inclined downward along the uphill direction of the mountain; the planting position of the forest is between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface ( Figures 1 to 4 ).

[0029] This embodiment also relates to a management method of a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, on which water and fertilizer cultivation of forests is carried out. It also includes the maintenance of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform; for unclosed forest stands, the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is maintained 1-2 times a year; for closed forest stands, the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is maintained once every 2-3 years.

[0030] Specifically, the steps include:

[0031] (1) Construction of the integrated water and fertilizer management platform on the reverse slope:

[0032] According to the size of the trees, a pit with a size of 80cm×80cm or 100cm×200cm is directly dug out manually around the diameter of the trees, and a water storage ditch with a depth of 20cm is dug on the pit surface. The position of the water storage ditch is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the distance from the lowest side of the pit surface to the highest side of the pit surface, for example, 1 / 4 or 1 / 3 is acceptable. The pit surface is inclined downward along the uphill direction of the mountain, with the outside higher and the inside lower. The height difference between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface is 20cm to 30cm, for example, 20cm, 25cm, or 30cm is acceptable, so that water and fertilizer tend to flow into the pit. Note that the position of planting saplings is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the distance from the lowest side of the pit surface to the highest side of the pit surface, for example, 1 / 2 or 2 / 3 is acceptable, to prevent root rot of saplings due to excessive water. After digging the platform, remove the dead leaves in the forest or weeds on the pit surface and gather them to cover the roots of the trees to avoid direct sunlight on the pit surface and reduce water evaporation. The dead leaves will slowly decompose and return to the soil, increasing soil organic matter and improving soil fertility.

[0033] (2) Late-stage operation methods of the reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform:

[0034] According to actual needs, water and fertilizer and other nurturing measures can be carried out on the platform, and the method of strip fertilization on both sides or ring ditch fertilization can be adopted. It also includes platform maintenance: for unclosed forest stands, maintenance is carried out 1-2 times a year, mainly to remove weeds on the platform, clean up the soil washed down by rainwater on the uphill, and maintain the design requirements of the platform; pay attention to covering the removed weeds on the surface of the platform to increase soil organic matter; for closed forest stands, maintenance is carried out once every 2-3 years, and the specific measures are the same as above.

[0035] Comparative Example

[0036] The traditional method of tending is to directly remove the weeds on the surface and maintain the original soil slope, but fail to form a slightly downward sloping reverse slope. This will cause the loss of water, soil and surface organic nutrients during the abundant rain forest period in summer, and the lack of water infiltration and reduced soil moisture content during the dry season in autumn and winter.

[0037] Compared with traditional methods, the present invention has a significant effect on regulating soil erosion on steep slopes, and can play a good role in increasing the moisture content of slope soil and improving the uniformity of slope moisture distribution. Therefore, the present invention can significantly improve forest stand productivity. Relevant experiments show that the tree height, breast diameter and per-acre volume of the forest stand are increased by 17.10%, 17.84% and 57.51% respectively; the cost of new afforestation combined with mechanical mowing, weeding and tending is more than 3 times lower than that of traditional full-shovel tending. In addition, the present invention reduces interference with forest land, while achieving long-term maintenance and improvement of site productivity, promoting the growth of target trees, and realizing sustainable management of artificial forests.

[0038] In summary, the present invention discloses a construction and management method of a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform; by drawing on the land preparation method of maintaining water and fertilizer in arid areas, combined with the characteristics of mountainous areas, measures such as water storage ditches are added to explore methods that can achieve maximum interception, water storage and fertilizer conservation, namely, a reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform. The present invention targets objects that require meticulous management, such as single target trees of precious tree species, and fully utilizes the principle of water and fertilizer coupling, fully relies on natural forces, and constructs a long-term reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, achieves long-term maintenance and improvement of site productivity, promotes the growth of target trees, reduces afforestation costs, and achieves sustainable management of artificial forests, which will have broad application prospects in my country's mountain forestry.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: digging a pit surface around the tree diameter, wherein the pit surface is inclined downward along the uphill direction of the mountain; and the tree is planted at a position between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface.

2. According to the method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The specifications of the pit surface are (80-100) cm×(80-200) cm.

3. The method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications of the pit surface are 80cm×80cm or 100cm×200cm.

4. The method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference between the lowest side and the highest side of the pit surface is 20 cm to 30 cm.

5. The method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting position of the trees is at a position 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the distance from the lowest side of the pit surface to the highest side of the pit surface.

6. The method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water storage ditch is dug on the pit surface, and the position of the water storage ditch is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the distance from the lowest side of the pit surface to the highest side of the pit surface.

7. The method for constructing a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The depth of the water storage ditch is 20±10cm.

8. A management method for a forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform, characterized in that: On the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform constructed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, water and fertilizer cultivation of the forest is carried out.

9. The management method of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The water and fertilizer cultivation of the trees specifically includes: carrying out strip fertilization on both sides or ring fertilization on the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform.

10. The management method of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform according to claim 8 is characterized in that: It also includes the maintenance of the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform; for unclosed forest stands, the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is maintained 1 to 2 times a year; for closed forest stands, the forest reverse slope water and fertilizer integrated management platform is maintained once every 2 to 3 years.

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