Device and method for quick drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for quick drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, the device comprises a drying device, a cold plasma treatment system and an activated gas recycling and circulating system, the drying device is mainly used for drying and dehydrating the aquatic products; the cold plasma non-hot processing technology is introduced to treat the aquatic products so as to improve the drying efficiency and sterilize the aquatic products in the drying process, and then the activated gas recycling and circulating system recycles active gas generated by cold plasma in the box body to prepare activated water with efficient sterilization capacity for sterilization pretreatment of dried raw materials. And a compressor can be connected through an air return duct, so that heat energy in the whole process is recycled, and energy loss is reduced. According to the invention, the cold plasma is used as a preferable treatment technology, so that the outward diffusion rate of water in the aquatic products can be effectively improved, the drying rate can be effectively accelerated, the heat energy efficiency of the equipment is improved, and the quality of the dried aquatic products is prevented from being damaged for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of drying and processing of aquatic products, and in particular relates to a device and method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products. Background Art

[0002] my country has a large output of aquatic products with a wide variety of types. It is an important source of high-quality animal protein and an indispensable part of a healthy diet in China. In addition to fresh sales, dried products, frozen products and pickled products are the three important forms of aquatic products on the market. In particular, dried products have the advantages of convenient production, low energy consumption, unique flavor, and no typical negative health effects, and are loved by the majority of residents.

[0003] At present, the main method for factory production of dried aquatic products is hot air drying, and a few companies use infrared drying, microwave drying, etc. However, these methods generally have shortcomings such as long drying time, high energy consumption, and serious quality degradation caused by microbial proliferation. In order to solve this problem, some researchers have invented some new methods for drying red products. For example, Zhang Han et al. proposed a method for medium- and short-wave infrared drying of conditioned colloid aquatic products combined with ultrasonic pretreatment (ZL201210537889.8). This method uses ultrasound to pretreat the conditioned colloid aquatic products, and then uses medium- and short-wave infrared-hot air integrated combined drying equipment to dry them. The resulting product has the advantages of good color and structure, fast rehydration speed, and good recovery, but has the defects of long drying time and high energy consumption. Some researchers have also modified the commonly used aquatic product drying equipment in order to obtain faster drying rates and better product quality. For example, Wang Lin et al. proposed a microwave drying equipment for aquatic products based on the melting phase change temperature (CN202310800751.0). Compared with traditional microwave drying equipment, this equipment has the advantages of high drying efficiency, precise endpoint control, clean and pollution-free production; however, this equipment only makes partial optimization of the microwave drying equipment, and there is no sterilization treatment, so the product shelf life is short. He Yina et al. proposed a flow-through internal circulation aquatic product drying device (ZL201911169784.X), which includes a box and an internal circulation fan. It has the advantages of reasonable and compact structure, uniform heat distribution, high drying efficiency, uniform drying, etc., but it is essentially hot air drying, and its product quality is not significantly different from that of traditional hot air drying products. Therefore, it is an urgent need in the field of aquatic product drying to develop new aquatic product drying heat preparation and methods to increase the drying rate of aquatic products, improve product quality, and extend shelf life.

[0004] Plasma refers to a mixed system composed of various particles produced by the ionization of gas under a strong electric field. Cold plasma (CP) is a type of plasma. Since its ion temperature and neutral particle temperature are much lower than the electron temperature, the system temperature is close to room temperature. During the cold plasma treatment process, various particles and various reactive oxygen / nitrogen groups (ROS / RNS) will be generated. At present, in the field of aquatic product processing, the research on this technology is mainly focused on sterilization and preservation, and there are no relevant research reports on its application in promoting the drying of aquatic products. In fact, the various particles and chemically active groups generated by cold plasma bombard the surface of the material, change the surface and internal microstructure of the material through the etching effect, generate gaps, and then promote the diffusion of water, improve the thermal properties of the material, and improve the drying efficiency without affecting the sensory properties of the dried product; in addition, cold plasma also has a strong bactericidal effect, which can also significantly increase the shelf life of the product.

[0005] In summary, the development of a water product drying device and method based on the coordinated application of cold plasma has important practical significance in the field of water product drying and processing. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of traditional heat pump / air drying, the present invention provides a device and method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, and applies cold plasma as an auxiliary technology to the drying of aquatic products, intending to solve the problems of long drying time, high energy consumption and low efficiency of aquatic products. The active substances generated by the plasma are collected to make highly active water for use in the sterilization pretreatment device before product drying, so as to achieve green, energy-saving, environmentally friendly and efficient production.

[0007] In order to achieve the above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, comprising drying equipment and a cold plasma treatment system, characterized in that:

[0009] The drying device comprises a housing (100), an operation panel (101), a device switch (102), a compressor (103), a heating unit (104), a temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106), a dehumidification port (107), a material tray (109), an automatic weighing device (110) and a dehumidifier (111); the operation panel (101) and the device switch (102) are respectively arranged on the front side of the outer wall of the housing (100) and are respectively used to set drying parameters and start and close the drying device; the compressor (103), the heating unit (104), the temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106), the dehumidification port (107), the material tray (109), the automatic weighing device (110) and the dehumidifier (111) are respectively arranged on the front side of the outer wall of the housing (100) and are respectively used to set drying parameters and start and close the drying device; the compressor (103), the heating unit (104), the temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106), the dehumidification port (107), the material tray (109), the automatic weighing device (110) and the dehumidifier (111) are respectively arranged on the front side of the outer wall of the housing (100) and are respectively used to set drying parameters and start and close the drying device; The inner cavity of the box (100); the compressor (103) and the dehumidifier (111) are respectively arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box (100), and a heating unit (104) is arranged above the compressor, and the compressor (103) is connected to the heating unit (104); the top of the dehumidifier (111) is provided with a dehumidification port (107), and the dehumidifier (111); the temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106) is connected, and an automatic weighing device (110) is arranged at the bottom of the material tray (109) to record the weight change of the aquatic product in real time during the drying process; an air inlet (304) is arranged at the lower right side of the box (100), and the air inlet (304) is connected to the compressor (103);

[0010] The cold plasma processing system comprises a cold plasma generator (201), a cold plasma power supply (202) and a voltage controller (203); the cold plasma generator (201) is arranged on a top panel of an inner cavity of a box body (100), and the cold plasma generator (201) is located above the material tray (109), and the material tray (109) is directly opposite to a jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201); the cold plasma generator (201) is connected to the cold plasma power supply (202) and the voltage controller (203), respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the activated gas recycling circulation system comprises an air outlet (301), a blower fan (302), an air inlet pipe (303), an air inlet (304), an air extraction pipe (305), an exhaust fan (306), a return air duct (307), an exhaust pipe (308), an ozone decomposition device (401), a nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) and an external water tank (501), wherein the heating unit (104) is provided with an air outlet (301) on a side facing the material tray (109), the blower fan (302) is installed in the inner cavity of the box (100), and the air outlet (301) corresponds to the installation position of the blower fan (302); the ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) are respectively located below the inner cavity of the box (100), and the ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) are respectively located below the inner cavity of the box (100). An exhaust pipe (305) is arranged above the oxygen absorption device (402), and the exhaust pipe (305) is provided with two exhaust pipes (308), one exhaust pipe (308) is connected to the ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402), and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) is connected to the compressor (103) through a return air duct (307), and the return air duct (307) is used to recycle the hot air flow in the drying process, so as to realize the recycling of heat; the exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe (308) through an exhaust fan, so as to draw the treated cold plasma activated gas into the exhaust pipe; the other exhaust pipe (308) is connected to an external water tank (501), and the external water tank (501) is located on the left side of the box body (100), and is used to collect active substances generated by the cold plasma in the box body (100).

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an automatic lifting unit (108), the automatic lifting unit (108) including a motor (601), the motor (601) being installed inside the box (100), the output end of the motor (601) being transmission-connected to a transmission wheel (602), the transmission wheel (602) being provided with a stainless steel wire, one end of the stainless steel wire being fixedly mounted on the transmission wheel (602), the other end of the stainless steel wire passing through an L-shaped column tube (603) and then passing around a certain pulley (604), and the end of the other end being fixedly connected to a top panel of the box (100), for connecting and lifting the cold plasma generator (201); one end of the top panel being clamped on the column The cold plasma generator (201) is mounted on a cylindrical slot plate (607) and can move up and down along the cylindrical slot plate (607) to keep the cold plasma generator (201) stable; a reducer (605) and a rotation sensor (606) for counting are provided on the transmission wheel (602); the reducer (605) has the function of stopping the transmission wheel when the motor is paused or turned off; information from the rotation sensor (606) is transmitted to the control panel (101) and the lifting and lowering travel distance can be displayed on the control panel (101), so as to facilitate intuitive reading and accurate control of the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201) and the material tray, so as to facilitate the processing of aquatic products; a switch button for controlling the motor (601) is provided on the control panel (101); when turned on, the stainless steel wire on the transmission wheel (602) can be controlled to be lowered or retracted.

[0013] Furthermore, the cold plasma generator (201) comprises an electrode (204), a cold plasma jet shell (205) and an air inlet pipe (303); the electrode (204) is arranged inside the cold plasma jet shell (205); the air inlet pipe (303) is arranged on the cold plasma jet shell (205); the air inlet pipe (303) is connected to an external air pump or an air inlet pipe to provide gas required for cold plasma treatment.

[0014] Furthermore, the electrode (204) is connected to a cold plasma power supply (202), and a voltage controller (203) controls the cold plasma processing voltage, so that the formed cold plasma is ejected in the form of a jet through a nozzle of a cold plasma jet housing (205) and acts on the water product to be dried.

[0015] A method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, characterized in that the treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Bacteria reduction pretreatment: placing the aquatic product to be dried into activated water prepared in a water tank (501) for bacteria reduction pretreatment;

[0017] S2, sample preparation: remove the sterilized sample from the water tank (501) and place it on the material tray (109) to drain and weigh;

[0018] S3, turning on the drying equipment: pressing the equipment switch button to turn on the equipment, the gas circulation system starts working at the same time, then setting the drying parameters on the operation panel, after the parameters are confirmed, the temperature in the box (100) starts to rise, during the heating process, the heat flows into the gas circulation system for repeated use, so as to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid heating, when the temperature in the box (100) rises to the difference of ±1°C, the sample of step (2) is placed;

[0019] S4, cold plasma treatment: during the drying process, the aquatic product can be subjected to cold plasma treatment at any time, and the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201) and the aquatic product is controlled by the automatic lifting unit (108); air / argon gas is injected into the air inlet pipe, and the cold plasma power supply is turned on at the same time, so as to perform cold plasma treatment on the aquatic product;

[0020] S5, product drying: after the cold plasma treatment is completed, the automatic lifting unit (108) is opened to adjust the position of the cold plasma generator, the cold plasma working gas inlet pipe valve is closed, and the active gas in the box is blown to the gas purification device in time through the exhaust fan for decomposition and removal;

[0021] S6. Sampling and packaging: After drying is completed, turn off the drying equipment and cold plasma power supply; take out the dried aquatic product, place it at room temperature for 3 minutes, cool it at room temperature, and then vacuum pack the product to obtain a dried product.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S3, the drying parameters are specifically set as: drying temperature 60°C, humidity 20%, drying time 14 h, and wind speed 2.5 m / s.

[0023] Further, in step S4, the frequency of the cold plasma treatment is 50-65 kHz, and the treatment time is 1-5 min.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S4, the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201) and the aquatic product is 1-5 cm.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S4, the flow rate of the air / argon gas injected into the air inlet pipe is 1.2-1.8 L / min.

[0026] Further, in step S5, the moisture content of the aquatic product at different time periods during the drying process is recorded by an automatic weighing device to know the total time required for the drying end point of the aquatic product; the method for determining the moisture content and calculating the drying end point time is as follows:

[0027] The moisture content is determined by weight change, and the initial product weight M0 is recorded by an automatic weighing device, and the weight of the aquatic product at different time points during the drying process M t and constant weight M e , calculate the moisture content and moisture content of MC according to formula (1) and (2):

[0028] (1)

[0029] (2)

[0030] Among them, MC is the moisture content (g / g), M0 is the initial mass of the product, and M e is the constant weight of the product, M t is the product mass at any drying time, MR is the moisture ratio, MC0 is the initial moisture content of the product, MC t is the moisture content of the product at any drying time, t is the drying time (h);

[0031] According to the kinetic model of aquatic product drying, the equation parameters are obtained by mathematical equation fitting to calculate the moisture content and drying endpoint time. Four commonly used drying kinetic models A, B, C and D are provided. The calculation process is as follows:

[0032] (A)

[0033] (B)

[0034] (C)

[0035] (D)

[0036] Among them, K, n and K1 are unknown parameters of the model equation (constants), which can be calculated by substituting the drying time t and the measured MR into the model fitting.

[0037] Substituting the calculated moisture ratio into the equation fitting iteration, the parameters K, n and K1 in the model equations A, B, C and D are calculated to obtain the equation that the moisture ratio of dried aquatic products changes with the drying time t. Therefore, the drying time t required for the drying end point can be obtained based on the obtained parameters and the expected MR value combined with equation (2).

[0038] Specifically, to verify whether the model is applicable to the dried aquatic products, we can test it according to equations (3) and (4):

[0039] (3)

[0040] (4)

[0041] In equations (3) and (4), MRexp,i and MRpre,i represent the experimental and predicted dimensionless MR, respectively, N is the number of observations, and z is a constant of the model. 2 The closer to 1, the 2 When the RMSE is lowest and close to 0, the fitting model appears best.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] 1. The present invention introduces a non-thermal processing technology for cold plasma-assisted aquatic product drying, which can solve the technical problems of slow initial temperature rise, long drying time and high energy consumption in single heat pump drying.

[0044] 2. The present invention reuses the heat flow through the gas circulation system and recovers the sensible heat in the heat flow, which is beneficial to maintaining the temperature of the box, greatly reducing the energy consumption of the equipment and improving the efficiency of product drying.

[0045] 3. The present invention utilizes various physical / chemical factors generated by cold plasma to destroy substances generated during the drying of aquatic products that hinder water diffusion and heat exchange, increase the gaps between surface micropores and tissues, thereby promoting water diffusion and heat exchange of aquatic products, shortening the drying time, and not affecting the sensory properties of the dried products.

[0046] 4. The present invention utilizes the strong microbial killing effect of cold plasma itself. First, it can directly treat the aquatic products to kill various microorganisms attached to the surface during the drying process, effectively control the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and ensure the quality, safety and shelf life of dried aquatic products; second, the active gas generated in the collection box is passed into the water tank to activate the water using the active gas to form a sterilization effect, so as to pre-sterilize and preserve the aquatic products that are temporarily caught or about to be dried. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products of the present invention.

[0048] The following are marked in the figure:

[0049] 100. Box, 101. Operation panel, 102. Equipment switch, 103. Compressor, 104. Heating unit, 105 / 106. Temperature and humidity sensor, 107. Dehumidification port, 108. Automatic lifting unit, 109. Material tray, 110. Automatic weighing device, 111. Dehumidifier, 201. Cold plasma generator, 202. Cold plasma power supply, 203. Voltage controller, 204. Electrode, 205. Cold plasma jet shell, 301. Air outlet, 302. Blower fan, 303. Inlet pipe, 304. Inlet, 305. Exhaust pipe, 306. Exhaust fan, 307. Return air duct, 308. Exhaust pipe, 401. Ozone decomposition device, 402. Nitrogen oxide absorption device, 501. Water tank

[0050] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cold plasma generator used in the present invention.

[0051] The following are marked in the figure:

[0052] 204. Electrode, 205. Cold plasma jet housing, 303. Air inlet pipe.

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the automatic lifting unit in the present invention.

[0054] The following are marked in the figure:

[0055] 601. Motor, 602. Transmission wheel, 603. L-shaped column tube, 604. Fixed pulley, 605. Speed ​​reducer, 606. Rotation sensor, 607. Column slot plate

[0056] Figure 4 It is the moisture ratio variation curve of the mussel heat pump drying process in each example of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5 This is the calculation of the end point time of the mussel heat pump drying in each example by the model C of the present invention.

[0058] The specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0060] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention provides a device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, comprising a drying device and a cold plasma treatment system, wherein:

[0063] The drying equipment includes a box 100, an operation panel 101, an equipment switch 102, a compressor 103, a heating unit 104, a temperature and humidity sensor 105 / 106, a dehumidification port 107, a material tray 109, an automatic weighing device 110 and a dehumidifier 111. The operation panel 101 and the equipment switch 102 are respectively arranged on the front of the outer wall of the box 100, and are respectively used to set the drying parameters and start and close the drying equipment; the compressor 103, the heating unit 104, the temperature and humidity sensors 105 / 106, the dehumidification port 107, the material tray 109, the automatic weighing device 110 and the dehumidifier 111 are located in the box 100. The compressor 103 and the dehumidifier 111 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body 100, and a heating unit 104 is arranged above the compressor, and the compressor 103 is connected to the heating unit 104; the top of the dehumidifier 111 is provided with a dehumidification port 107, the dehumidifier 111; the temperature and humidity sensor 105 / 106 is connected, and an automatic weighing device 110 is arranged at the bottom of the material tray 109 to record the weight change of the aquatic product during the drying process in real time; an air inlet 304 is arranged at the lower right side of the box body 100, and the air inlet 304 is connected to the compressor 103;

[0064] The cold plasma processing system includes a cold plasma generator 201, a cold plasma power supply 202 and a voltage controller 203, wherein the cold plasma generator 201 is placed on the top panel of the inner cavity of the box 100, and the cold plasma generator 201 is located above the material tray 109, and the material tray 109 is directly facing the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator 201, and the cold plasma generator 201 is connected to the cold plasma power supply 202 and the voltage controller 203 respectively;

[0065] The activated gas recycling circulation system includes an air outlet 301, a blower fan 302, an air inlet pipe 303, an air inlet 304, an exhaust pipe 305, an exhaust fan 306, a return air duct 307, an exhaust pipe 308, an ozone decomposition device 401, a nitrogen oxide absorption device 402 and an external water tank 501. The heating unit 104 is provided with an air outlet 301 on the side facing the material tray 109. The blower fan 302 is installed in the inner cavity of the box body 100 and the air outlet 301 corresponds to the installation position of the blower fan 302. The ozone decomposition device 401 and the nitrogen oxide absorption device 402 are respectively located below the inner cavity of the box body 100. The ozone decomposition device 401 and the nitrogen oxide absorption device 402 are respectively located below the inner cavity of the box body 100. An exhaust pipe 305 is arranged above the housing 100, and the exhaust pipe 305 is provided with two exhaust pipes 308. One exhaust pipe 308 is connected with the ozone decomposition device 401 and the nitrogen oxide absorption device 402, and the nitrogen oxide absorption device 402 is connected with the compressor 103 through the return air duct 307. The return air duct 307 is used to recycle the hot air flow in the drying process to achieve the recycling of heat; the exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe 308 through the exhaust fan to draw the treated cold plasma activated gas into the exhaust pipe; the other exhaust pipe 308 is connected to the external water tank 501, and the external water tank 501 is located on the left side of the box body 100, and is used to collect the active substances generated by the cold plasma in the box body 100.

[0066] The ozone decomposition device and the nitrogen oxide adsorption device mainly use the heating plate to absorb the moisture in the gas transported by the exhaust pipe 305, and then adsorb and recover it through the multi-layer catalyst. The exhaust pipe 305 transports the gas to be treated to the heating plate area. The heating plate is made of high-efficiency heat-conducting material and can quickly heat up to a preset temperature. When the gas passes through the heating plate, the moisture in the gas is absorbed and evaporated by the heating plate, removing the moisture in the gas and increasing the adsorption efficiency of the subsequent catalyst. The gas after dehydration treatment by the heating plate enters the multi-layer catalyst device. The catalyst device is composed of multiple catalyst layers with different functions, and each layer of catalyst has its specific adsorption and reaction effects. When the gas passes through these catalyst layers in turn, ozone is decomposed into oxygen under the action of the catalyst, while nitrogen oxides are adsorbed and fixed on the catalyst surface. The multi-layer structure of the catalyst not only increases the contact area between the gas and the catalyst and improves the adsorption efficiency, but also enables gases of different components to be effectively treated in different layers. The gas passing through the catalyst device has basically removed ozone and nitrogen oxides, achieving the purpose of purification. The nitrogen oxides adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst can be recycled through the subsequent regeneration process, further improving the environmental protection benefits of the device.

[0067] Specifically, it also includes an automatic lifting unit 108, which includes a motor 601, which is installed inside the box 100, and the output end of the motor 601 is connected to the transmission wheel 602. The transmission wheel 602 is provided with a stainless steel wire, one end of the stainless steel wire is fixed on the transmission wheel 602, and the other end passes through the L-shaped column tube 603 and then passes around a certain pulley 604. The end of the other end is fixedly connected to the top panel of the box 100, which is used to connect and lift the cold plasma generator 201; one end of the top panel is clamped on the columnar slot flat plate 607, and can Move up and down along the columnar slot plate 607 to keep the cold plasma generator 201 stable; the transmission wheel 602 is provided with a reducer 605 and a rotation sensor 606 for counting, the reducer 605 has the function of stopping the transmission wheel when the motor is paused or turned off, and the information of the rotation sensor 606 is transmitted to the control panel 101 and the lifting and lowering travel distance can be displayed on the control panel 101, which is convenient for intuitive reading and precise control of the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator 201 and the material tray, which is convenient for processing aquatic products and placing aquatic products in the material tray. The control panel 101 is provided with a switch button for controlling the motor 601, which can control the stainless steel wire on the transmission wheel 602 to be lowered or retracted after being turned on.

[0068] Specifically, the cold plasma generator 201 includes an electrode 204, a cold plasma jet shell 205 and an air inlet pipe 303. The electrode 204 is arranged inside the cold plasma jet shell 205. The air inlet pipe 303 is arranged on the cold plasma jet shell 205. The air inlet pipe 303 is connected to an external air pump or an air inlet pipe to provide the gas required for cold plasma treatment.

[0069] Specifically, the electrode 204 is connected to the cold plasma power supply 202, and the voltage controller 203 controls the cold plasma processing voltage. The formed cold plasma is ejected in the form of a jet through the nozzle of the cold plasma jet housing 205 and acts on the water product to be dried.

[0070] Embodiment 2:

[0071] A method for drying aquatic products based on the above device, wherein the selected material is fresh mussel meat, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0072] 1) Bacteria reduction pretreatment: put the fresh mussel meat to be opened into the activated water prepared in the water tank for bacteria reduction pretreatment;

[0073] 2) Sample preparation: Take out the pre-sterilized aquatic products from the water tank, place them on the material tray to drain, and weigh them;

[0074] 3) Turn on the drying equipment: Press the switch button of the equipment to turn on the machine, and the gas circulation system starts working at the same time. Then set the drying temperature to 60°C, humidity to 20%, drying time to 14 h, and wind speed to 2.5 m / s on the operation panel. After the parameters are confirmed, the temperature in the box begins to rise. During the heating process, the heat flows into the gas circulation system for repeated use to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid heating. When the temperature in the box rises to the difference of ±1°C, put in the sample in step (2);

[0075] 4) Cold plasma treatment: before drying, the material is treated with cold plasma. The distance between the cold plasma jet discharge port and the aquatic product is controlled to be 3 cm by starting the automatic lifting unit on the panel. After the distance adjustment is completed, the automatic lifting unit is turned off. According to the flow rate of air injected into the air inlet pipe, it is 8 L / min. The cold plasma power supply is turned on, and the cold plasma working frequency is adjusted to 50 kHz. The aquatic product is treated with cold plasma. The cold plasma treatment voltage is 100 V, the current is 0.5 mA, the frequency is 50 kHz, and the treatment time is 1 min. This completes the cold plasma treatment, which not only speeds up the efficiency of heat exchange and the rate of water diffusion of aquatic products, but also effectively reduces the content of spoilage microorganisms on the surface of aquatic products during the drying process.

[0076] 5) Product drying: After the cold plasma treatment is completed, open the automatic lifting unit cold plasma generator back to the top position, close the cold plasma working gas inlet pipe valve, and use the exhaust fan to blow the active gas in the box to the gas purification device for collection, decomposition and removal;

[0077] 6) Sampling and packaging: After drying is completed, turn off the drying equipment and cold plasma power supply. Take out the dried aquatic product, place it at room temperature for 3 minutes, cool it at room temperature, and then vacuum pack the product to obtain a dried product.

[0078] Embodiment 3:

[0079] A method for drying aquatic products based on the above device, wherein the selected material is fresh mussel meat, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0080] 1) Bacteria reduction pretreatment: put the fresh mussel meat to be opened into the activated water prepared in the water tank for bacteria reduction pretreatment;

[0081] 2) Sample preparation: Take out the pre-sterilized aquatic products from the water tank, place them on the material tray to drain, and weigh them;

[0082] 3) Turn on the drying equipment: Press the switch button of the equipment to turn on the machine, and the gas circulation system starts working at the same time. Then set the drying temperature to 60°C, humidity to 20%, drying time to 14 h, and wind speed to 2.5 m / s on the operation panel. After the parameters are confirmed, the temperature in the box begins to rise. During the heating process, the heat flows into the gas circulation system for repeated use to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid heating. When the temperature in the box rises to the difference of ±1°C, put in the sample in step (2);

[0083] 4) Cold plasma treatment: before drying, the material is treated with cold plasma. The distance between the cold plasma jet discharge port and the aquatic product is controlled to be 3 cm by starting the automatic lifting unit on the panel. After the distance adjustment is completed, the automatic lifting unit is turned off. According to the flow rate of air injected into the air inlet pipe, it is 8 L / min. The cold plasma power supply is turned on, and the cold plasma working frequency is adjusted to 50 kHz. The aquatic product is treated with cold plasma. The cold plasma treatment voltage is 100V, the current is 0.5 mA, the frequency is 50 kHz, and the treatment time is 3 minutes. This completes the cold plasma treatment, which not only speeds up the efficiency of heat exchange and the rate of water diffusion of aquatic products, but also effectively reduces the content of spoilage microorganisms on the surface of aquatic products during the drying process.

[0084] 5) Product drying: After the cold plasma treatment is completed, open the automatic lifting device to return the cold plasma generator to the top position, close the cold plasma working gas inlet pipe valve, and use the exhaust fan to blow the active gas in the box to the gas purification device for collection, decomposition and removal;

[0085] 6) Sampling and packaging: After drying is completed, turn off the drying equipment and cold plasma power supply. Take out the dried aquatic product, place it at room temperature for 3 minutes, cool it at room temperature, and then vacuum pack the product to obtain a dried product.

[0086] Embodiment 4:

[0087] A method for drying aquatic products based on the above device, wherein the selected material is fresh mussel meat, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0088] 1) Bacteria reduction pretreatment: put the fresh mussel meat to be opened into the activated water prepared in the water tank for bacteria reduction pretreatment;

[0089] 2) Sample preparation: Take out the pre-sterilized aquatic products from the water tank, place them on the material tray to drain, and weigh them;

[0090] 3) Turn on the drying equipment: Press the switch button of the equipment to turn on the machine, and the gas circulation system starts working at the same time. Then set the drying temperature to 60°C, humidity to 20%, drying time to 14 h, and wind speed to 2.5 m / s on the operation panel. After the parameters are confirmed, the temperature in the box begins to rise. During the heating process, the heat flows into the gas circulation system for repeated use to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid heating. When the temperature in the box rises to the difference of ±1°C, put in the sample in step (2);

[0091] 4) Cold plasma treatment: before drying, the material is treated with cold plasma. The distance between the cold plasma jet discharge port and the aquatic product is controlled to be 3 cm by starting the automatic lifting unit on the panel. After the distance adjustment is completed, the automatic lifting unit is turned off. According to the flow rate of air injected into the air inlet pipe, it is 8 L / min. The cold plasma power supply is turned on, and the cold plasma working frequency is adjusted to 50 kHz. The aquatic product is treated with cold plasma. The cold plasma treatment voltage is 100 V, the current is 0.5 mA, the frequency is 50 kHz, and the treatment time is 5 minutes. This completes the cold plasma treatment, which not only speeds up the efficiency of heat exchange and the rate of water diffusion of aquatic products, but also effectively reduces the content of spoilage microorganisms on the surface of aquatic products during the drying process.

[0092] 5) Product drying: After the cold plasma treatment is completed, open the automatic lifting device to return the cold plasma generator to the top position, close the cold plasma working gas inlet pipe valve, and use the exhaust fan to blow the active gas in the box to the gas purification device for collection, decomposition and removal;

[0093] 6) Sampling and packaging: After drying is completed, turn off the drying equipment and cold plasma power supply. Take out the dried aquatic product, place it at room temperature for 3 minutes, cool it at room temperature, and then vacuum pack the product to obtain a dried product.

[0094] Embodiment 5:

[0095] A method for drying aquatic products based on the above device, wherein the selected material is fresh mussel meat, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0096] 1) Bacteria reduction pretreatment: put the fresh mussel meat to be opened into the activated water prepared in the water tank for bacteria reduction pretreatment;

[0097] 2) Sample preparation: Take out the pre-sterilized aquatic products from the water tank, place them on the material tray to drain, and weigh them;

[0098] 3) Turn on the drying equipment: Press the switch button of the equipment to turn on the machine, and the gas circulation system starts working at the same time. Then set the drying temperature to 60°C, humidity to 20%, drying time to 14 h, and wind speed to 2.5 m / s on the operation panel. After the parameters are confirmed, the temperature in the box begins to rise. During the heating process, the heat flows into the gas circulation system for repeated use to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid heating. When the temperature in the box rises to the difference of ±1°C, put in the sample in step (2);

[0099] 4) Product drying: no need for cold plasma treatment, direct product drying;

[0100] 5) Sampling and packaging: After drying is completed, turn off the drying equipment and cold plasma power supply. Take out the dried aquatic product, place it at room temperature for 3 minutes, cool it at room temperature, and then vacuum pack the product to obtain the dried product.

[0101] The results of the above examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1 and Figure 4 , 5 shown.

[0102] Table 1 Four model parameters and equation test values

[0103]

[0104] From the test values ​​in Table 1, the C model is selected to be more consistent with the drying kinetics of the aquatic product. Therefore, the drying kinetics curve of the product during the drying process is obtained by using model C ( Figure 4 ) and the model calculation drying time ( Figure 5 ).

[0105] exist Figure 4 It was found that cold plasma treatment for different time periods can change the moisture ratio of mussels during heat pump drying. It was found that Example 3 had the best effect, followed by Example 4, but the effect was better than the mussel group in Example 5 that was not treated with cold plasma. This shows that changing the cold plasma treatment time can promote the drying of aquatic products to a certain extent, but too long a treatment time may cause the internal structure of the product to collapse and inhibit the migration of moisture outward. Therefore, through this example, we verified the good effect of introducing cold plasma to assist in the drying of aquatic products to achieve rapid drying and improve efficiency.

[0106] Therefore, we calculated the prediction of the drying end time in the whole process by the change of moisture ratio in each example with the help of the selected model C. Figure 5As shown in the figure, the difference in the endpoint time of cold plasma treatment at different times in each example was obtained. The drying efficiency was significantly improved. Through model calculation, the time required for the mussels in the treated group and the untreated group to dry to a moisture content of 15% was shortened by up to 6 hours, and the drying efficiency was increased by about 35.90%, achieving the purpose of rapid drying. (The moisture content of dried mussel products is ≤15%, which is the national standard for dried shellfish products)

[0107] The above results show that compared with the group not subjected to cold plasma treatment, the drying efficiency of the cold plasma treated groups in Examples 2, 3 and 4 was increased by 22.56%, 35.90% and 33.33%, respectively, indicating that the method of the present invention significantly improves the drying rate of aquatic products, effectively reduces the energy consumption of the drying process, and avoids the damage to the quality of aquatic products caused by excessive drying time.

[0108] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0109] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0110] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0111] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0112] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0113] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, comprising drying equipment and a cold plasma treatment system, characterized in that: in: The drying device comprises a housing (100), an operation panel (101), a device switch (102), a compressor (103), a heating unit (104), a temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106), a dehumidification port (107), a material tray (109), an automatic weighing device (110) and a dehumidifier (111); the operation panel (101) and the device switch (102) are respectively arranged on the front side of the outer wall of the housing (100) and are respectively used to set drying parameters and start and close the drying device; the compressor (103), the heating unit (104), the temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106), the dehumidification port (107), the material tray (109), the automatic weighing device (110) and the dehumidifier (111) are respectively arranged on the front side of the outer wall of the housing (100) and are respectively used to set drying parameters and start and close the drying device; the compressor (103), the heating unit (104), the temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106), the dehumidification port (107), the material tray (109), the automatic weighing device (110) and the dehumidifier (111) are respectively arranged on the front side of the outer wall of the housing (100) and are respectively used to set drying parameters and start and close the drying device; The inner cavity of the box (100); the compressor (103) and the dehumidifier (111) are respectively arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box (100), and a heating unit (104) is arranged above the compressor, and the compressor (103) is connected to the heating unit (104); the top of the dehumidifier (111) is provided with a dehumidification port (107), and the dehumidifier (111); the temperature and humidity sensor (105 / 106) is connected, and an automatic weighing device (110) is arranged at the bottom of the material tray (109) to record the weight change of the aquatic product in real time during the drying process; an air inlet (304) is arranged at the lower right side of the box (100), and the air inlet (304) is connected to the compressor (103); The cold plasma processing system comprises a cold plasma generator (201), a cold plasma power supply (202) and a voltage controller (203); the cold plasma generator (201) is arranged on a top panel of an inner cavity of a box body (100), and the cold plasma generator (201) is located above the material tray (109), and the material tray (109) is directly opposite to a jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201); the cold plasma generator (201) is connected to the cold plasma power supply (202) and the voltage controller (203), respectively.

2. The device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The activated gas recycling and utilization circulation system also includes an air outlet (301), a blower fan (302), an air inlet pipe (303), an air inlet (304), an air extraction pipe (305), an exhaust fan (306), a return air duct (307), an exhaust pipe (308), an ozone decomposition device (401), a nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) and an external water tank (501). The heating unit (104) is provided with an air outlet (301) on a side facing the material tray (109). The blower fan (302) is installed in the inner cavity of the box (100), and the air outlet (301) corresponds to the installation position of the blower fan (302). The ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) are respectively located below the inner cavity of the box (100). The ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) are respectively located below the inner cavity of the box (100). An exhaust pipe (305) is arranged above the ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402), and the exhaust pipe (305) is provided with two exhaust pipes (308), one exhaust pipe (308) is connected to the ozone decomposition device (401) and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402), and the nitrogen oxide absorption device (402) is connected to the compressor (103) through a return air duct (307), and the return air duct (307) is used to recycle the hot air flow in the drying process to achieve the recycling of heat; the exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe (308) through an exhaust fan to draw the treated cold plasma activated gas into the exhaust pipe; the other exhaust pipe (308) is connected to an external water tank (501), and the external water tank (501) is located on the left side of the box body (100) and is used to collect active substances generated by the cold plasma in the box body (100).

3. The device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic lifting unit (108) further comprises an automatic lifting unit (108), the automatic lifting unit (108) comprising a motor (601), the motor (601) being mounted inside the box (100), the output end of the motor (601) being drivingly connected to a transmission wheel (602), the transmission wheel (602) being provided with a stainless steel wire, one end of the stainless steel wire being fixedly mounted on the transmission wheel (602), the other end of the stainless steel wire passing through an L-shaped column tube (603) and then passing around a certain pulley (604), and the end of the other end being fixedly connected to a top panel of the box (100), for connecting and lifting the cold plasma generator (201); one end of the top panel being clamped in a columnar clamping slot The cold plasma generator (201) is mounted on a flat plate (607) and can move up and down along the columnar slot flat plate (607) to keep the cold plasma generator (201) stable; a reducer (605) and a rotation sensor (606) for counting are provided on the transmission wheel (602); the reducer (605) has the function of stopping the transmission wheel when the motor is paused or turned off; information from the rotation sensor (606) is transmitted to the control panel (101) and the lifting and lowering travel distance can be displayed on the control panel (101), which is convenient for intuitive reading and accurate control of the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201) and the material tray, so as to facilitate the processing of aquatic products; a switch button for controlling the motor (601) is provided on the control panel (101); after being turned on, the stainless steel wire on the transmission wheel (602) can be controlled to be lowered or retracted.

4. The device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold plasma generator (201) comprises an electrode (204), a cold plasma jet shell (205) and an air inlet pipe (303); the electrode (204) is arranged inside the cold plasma jet shell (205); the air inlet pipe (303) is arranged on the cold plasma jet shell (205); the air inlet pipe (303) is connected to an external air pump or an air inlet pipe to provide gas required for cold plasma treatment.

5. The device for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electrode (204) is connected to a cold plasma power supply (202), and a voltage controller (203) controls the cold plasma processing voltage. The formed cold plasma is ejected in the form of a jet through a nozzle of a cold plasma jet housing (205) and acts on the water product to be dried.

6. A method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products, characterized in that: The processing method specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Bacteria reduction pretreatment: placing the aquatic product to be dried into activated water prepared in a water tank (501) for bacteria reduction pretreatment; S2, sample preparation: remove the sterilized sample from the water tank (501) and place it on the material tray (109) to drain and weigh; S3, turning on the drying equipment: pressing the equipment switch button to turn on the equipment, the gas circulation system starts working at the same time, then setting the drying parameters on the operation panel, after the parameters are confirmed, the temperature in the box (100) starts to rise, during the heating process, the heat flows into the gas circulation system for repeated use, so as to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid heating, when the temperature in the box (100) rises to the difference of ±1°C, the sample of step (2) is placed; S4, cold plasma treatment: during the drying process, the aquatic product can be subjected to cold plasma treatment at any time, by starting the automatic lifting unit (108) on the panel to control the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201) and the aquatic product, and pausing or shutting down the automatic lifting unit after the distance adjustment is completed; injecting air / argon gas into the air inlet pipe, and turning on the cold plasma power supply at the same time, to perform cold plasma treatment on the aquatic product; S5, product drying: after the cold plasma treatment is completed, the automatic lifting unit (108) is opened to return the cold plasma generator to the top position, the cold plasma working gas inlet pipe valve is closed, and the active gas in the box is blown to the gas purification device in time through the exhaust fan for decomposition and removal; S6. Sampling and packaging: After drying is completed, turn off the drying equipment and cold plasma power supply; take out the dried aquatic product, place it at room temperature for 3 minutes, cool it at room temperature, and then vacuum pack the product to obtain a dried product.

7. A method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the drying parameters are specifically set as: drying temperature 60°C, humidity 20%, drying time 14 h, and wind speed 2.5 m / s.

8. A method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, the frequency of the cold plasma treatment is 50-65 kHz, and the treatment time is 1-5 min.

9. A method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, the distance between the jet discharge port of the cold plasma generator (201) and the water product is 1-5 cm; the flow rate of the air / argon gas injected into the air inlet pipe is 1.2-1.8 L / min.

10. A method for rapid drying and sterilization pretreatment of aquatic products as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S5, the moisture content of the aquatic product at different time periods during the drying process is recorded by an automatic weighing device to know the total time required for the aquatic product to reach the drying end point; the method for determining the moisture content and calculating the drying end point time is as follows: The moisture content is determined by weight change, and the initial product weight M0 is recorded by an automatic weighing device, and the weight of the aquatic product at different time points during the drying process M t and constant weight M e , calculate the moisture content and moisture content of MC according to formula (1) and (2): （1） （2） Among them, MC is the moisture content (g / g), M0 is the initial mass of the product, and M e is the constant weight of the product, M t is the product mass at any drying time, MR is the moisture ratio, MC0 is the initial moisture content of the product, MC t is the moisture content of the product at any drying time, t is the drying time (h); According to the kinetic model of aquatic product drying, the equation parameters are obtained by mathematical equation fitting to calculate the moisture content and drying endpoint time. Four commonly used drying kinetic models A, B, C and D are provided. The calculation process is as follows: （A） （B） （C） （D） Among them, K, n and K1 are unknown parameters of the model equation (constants), which can be calculated by substituting the drying time t and the measured MR into the model fitting; Substituting the calculated moisture ratio into the equation fitting iteration, the parameters K, n and K1 in the model equations A, B, C and D are calculated to obtain the equation that the moisture ratio of dried aquatic products changes with the drying time t; therefore, the drying time t required for the drying end point can be obtained based on the obtained parameters and the expected MR value combined with equation (2).

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