Movable medical waste incineration flue gas purification integrated device

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable medical waste incineration flue gas purification integrated device, and aims to solve the problems of cooperative treatment of multiple pollutants in medical waste incineration and flexible deployment of equipment. The equipment adopts a standardized container structure, and purification units for SNCR denitration, flue gas heat exchange, shock cooling deacidification, dust and nitrate purification, semi-dry method deacidification, activated carbon adsorption and the like are integrated into a whole. The flue gas treatment process comprises the steps of denitration, cooling, acid removal, dust removal and adsorption, nitrogen oxide, acid gas, dioxin, heavy metal and particulate matter are efficiently removed, and up-to-standard emission is ensured. The modular design facilitates transportation and rapid deployment, and is suitable for emergency requirements of public health emergencies and the like. No waste water or white smoke is discharged during equipment operation, secondary pollution is avoided through the full-sealing design, and the maintenance efficiency is improved through intelligent monitoring. In addition, the equipment is compatible with light household garbage flue gas treatment, high in economical efficiency, stable in performance and suitable for medical treatment and other waste incineration flue gas treatment scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a medical waste incineration device, in particular to a high-efficiency flue gas treatment integrated equipment suitable for a mobile medical waste incineration device. Background Art

[0002] Medical waste mainly includes infectious waste, pathological waste, injury waste, pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste, which contain a large number of pathogens and other harmful substances. If not properly handled, it will lead to the spread of diseases, environmental pollution and even direct harm to human health. The current method of medical waste treatment is mainly incineration technology. Incineration treatment can not only greatly reduce the volume and weight of waste, but also effectively kill pathogens and achieve harmless treatment. However, the flue gas generated during the incineration of medical waste has complex components, including nitrogen oxides, acidic gases (such as hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide), heavy metals (such as mercury), dioxin-like toxic compounds and fine particulate matter, which are difficult to handle, and direct emissions will pose a serious threat to the atmospheric environment and human health.

[0003] Although the existing centralized medical waste incineration facilities can purify flue gas more comprehensively, there are still many problems. For example, the long treatment distance: centralized incineration facilities are usually far away from the place where medical waste is generated. Medical waste needs to be transported to the treatment facilities over long distances by special transportation vehicles, which is time-consuming and increases the risk of occupational exposure in transportation and personnel operation. Especially in public health emergencies such as the new crown epidemic, the output of medical waste has increased dramatically, and the time cost and efficiency limitations of centralized treatment are particularly prominent. Another example is the difficulty in controlling pollutants: the chlorine and mercury content in medical waste is relatively high, and it is difficult to achieve stable emission standards for pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals in the flue gas generated after incineration. Existing technologies are insufficient in the coordinated management of multiple pollutants. And the lack of facility flexibility: centralized incineration facilities are large in size and difficult to deploy, making it difficult to adapt to special needs such as emergencies or scattered locations where medical waste is generated.

[0004] In addition, existing small-scale incineration flue gas treatment equipment also has many technical defects, such as limited processing capacity: the processing scale of a single device is small, and the flue gas treatment capacity is usually about 500Nm 3 / h, which cannot meet the high-intensity medical waste incineration treatment needs. Another example is the low level of automation of the dust collector: the dust collector needs to be cleaned manually regularly, which is labor-intensive and inconvenient to operate. And the replacement of consumables is frequent and complicated: some consumables in the system need to be replaced regularly. The replaced waste consumables are hazardous wastes and need to be sent to qualified units for treatment, which increases the treatment cost. And the flue gas emission is limited: the exhaust chimney of the existing equipment is relatively low. If high-altitude discharge is required, a temporary exhaust chimney needs to be installed, which is cumbersome to operate.

[0005] In response to the above problems, the development of an integrated, efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-deploy integrated device for medical waste incineration flue gas purification has become an urgent need in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the limitations of existing centralized incineration facilities and provide a mobile integrated medical waste incineration flue gas treatment device.

[0007] The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A mobile integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste, the device comprising a high-efficiency flue gas purification device, the high-efficiency flue gas purification device being centrally installed in a container, and comprising the following main components:

[0009] SNCR denitration device (1); flue gas heat exchanger (2); quenching deacidification device (3); dust nitrate purification device (4); semi-dry deacidification device (5); activated carbon adsorption device (6); flue gas duct (7); induced draft fan (8); exhaust pipe (9); ammonia water tank (10) and ammonia water pump (11); alkali liquid tank (12) and alkali liquid pump (13); each component is connected end to end through a flue gas duct (7) with good sealing effect to form a treatment process.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, the SNCR denitrification device (1) includes a high-temperature atomizing injector, which is connected to the ammonia water tank (10) through a circulating ammonia water pump (11), and performs non-catalytic reduction treatment on nitrogen oxides in the flue gas within a temperature range of 850°C to 1100°C. The quenching deacidification device (3) sprays alkaline solution into the tower through an atomizing spray gun, so that the flue gas drops below 200°C within 1 second, and absorbs the acidic components in the flue gas at the same time. The dust and salt purification device (4) has a differential pressure sensor, which can detect and automatically clean the dust deposits in the ash hopper, including mercury-containing dust and heavy metal particles. The semi-dry deacidification device (5) sprays alkaline solution through an atomizing spray gun to further remove residual acidic components during the flue gas treatment process. The activated carbon adsorption device (6) uses the porous structure of activated carbon to adsorb pollutants such as VOCs and dioxins in the flue gas, and a differential pressure sensor is provided to monitor the blockage of the activated carbon. The induced draft fan (8) is a centrifugal fan with a wind pressure of 4500 Pa and a frequency conversion control function; the ammonia water tank (10) and the alkali liquid tank (12) are both equipped with a minimum liquid level alarm device for monitoring the liquid level status.

[0011] The present invention is an integrated design that is easy to transport and deploy. The equipment adopts a standardized container design and is highly integrated as a whole. It concentrates a variety of flue gas treatment devices in a limited space, reducing the complexity of pipe connections between devices and the risk of leakage. The standardized appearance facilitates rapid deployment using conventional transportation tools (such as trucks or container transport vehicles) without the need for special transportation conditions, significantly reducing logistics costs. In addition, the equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble, does not require a complicated installation process, and has a short on-site debugging time, making it suitable for a variety of emergency or high-mobility demand scenarios.

[0012] The present invention has a reasonable structure and layout, and can effectively and collaboratively treat multiple pollutants. In view of the common nitrogen oxides, acidic gases (such as HCl, SO2), dioxins, heavy metals and fine particulate matter in the flue gas from the incineration of medical waste, this equipment adopts an optimized process flow and a reasonable structural layout, so that each purification unit can work together. Technologies such as SNCR denitrification, quenching deacidification, and activated carbon adsorption effectively cover the treatment needs of different types of pollutants. At the same time, the emission standards of each treatment stage meet the national environmental protection requirements, ensuring that the treatment effect is stable and reliable.

[0013] The present invention has excellent environmental protection performance, and no wastewater and white smoke are discharged. The system does not generate wastewater during the flue gas purification process, avoiding the secondary pollution problem of wastewater treatment and discharge; after multi-stage purification of the flue gas, no white smoke is discharged, further improving the environmental protection image and social acceptance. The equipment adopts a fully sealed design to prevent the leakage of flue gas and dust and avoid pollution to the operating environment. In addition, the differential pressure monitoring function of the activated carbon adsorption device and the dust and saltpeter purification device makes the system maintenance more intelligent and effectively reduces the operation risk.

[0014] In addition, the present invention is easy to move and suitable for rapid deployment in multiple scenarios. Mobility is an important feature of this device. Through truck consignment, the device can be flexibly transferred as the location of medical waste generation changes. For special scenarios such as public health emergencies, disaster relief or remote areas, this device can respond quickly and be deployed quickly to make up for the geographical and time limitations of centralized incineration facilities, meet emergency disposal needs, and improve medical waste management capabilities.

[0015] The present invention features intelligent operation and convenient maintenance. It integrates a variety of sensors and alarm devices, including temperature monitoring devices, liquid level alarm devices, differential pressure monitoring devices, etc., to achieve real-time monitoring of key operating parameters. The system has the functions of automatic dust cleaning and operational fault warning, which greatly reduces the frequency and workload of manual intervention, and reduces operational risks and maintenance costs. The modular and highly integrated design of the equipment of the present invention significantly reduces manufacturing and transportation costs; no large-scale infrastructure construction is required, reducing initial investment. During operation, the equipment has high energy utilization efficiency, reduces operating consumption, and further optimizes energy consumption through frequency conversion control of the induced draft fan. The high stability design and excellent corrosion-resistant materials extend the service life of the equipment and improve long-term economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a mobile integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any form. The equipment used in the present invention is conventional equipment in the technical field.

[0018] 1. Modular design of equipment

[0019] The high-efficiency flue gas treatment device of this equipment is centrally installed in a standard container and adopts a modular structure design. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, each functional unit includes SNCR denitrification device, flue gas heat exchanger, quenching deacidification device, dust nitrate purification device, semi-dry deacidification device, activated carbon adsorption device and induced draft system. Each component is connected by a high-sealing flue gas duct to ensure that there is no leakage in the flue gas treatment process. The external dimensions of the container do not exceed 9m×3m×3m, and it can be quickly transported to the place where medical waste is generated by conventional transportation tools.

[0020] 2. Flue gas treatment process

[0021] (1) SNCR denitrification

[0022] The high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration first enters the SNCR denitrification device, and the dilute ammonia water is atomized and sprayed into the 850℃~1100℃ area of ​​the reactor through the high-temperature atomizing injector, and a non-catalytic reduction reaction occurs with the nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the flue gas to generate nitrogen and water, reducing the NOX concentration. In order to improve the atomization effect, compressed air or nitrogen is used as the injection medium.

[0023] (2) Flue gas heat exchange

[0024] The high-temperature flue gas after denitrification passes through the flue gas heat exchanger to exchange heat with the air at normal temperature, and the flue gas temperature drops to about 550°C, providing suitable inlet conditions for subsequent quenching and deacidification. At the same time, the preheated air can be reused in the incineration process to improve the energy efficiency of the system.

[0025] (3) Quenching and deacidification

[0026] The flue gas enters the quenching and deacidification device, and the alkali solution is atomized and sprayed into the tower through an atomizing spray gun. The flue gas temperature quickly drops to below 200°C within 1 second, effectively avoiding the regeneration of dioxins. At the same time, the acidic components (such as HCl, SO2, HF) are partially absorbed.

[0027] (4) Dust purification

[0028] The flue gas after quenching treatment enters the dust purification device, where mercury-containing dust, heavy metal particles and other fine particles are captured and deposited in the ash hopper. A differential pressure sensor is installed in the ash hopper to monitor and automatically clean the deposited dust.

[0029] (5) Semi-dry deacidification

[0030] The flue gas continues to enter the semi-dry deacidification device, where alkali solution is further sprayed through an atomizing spray gun to remove residual acidic components (such as HCl, SO2, HF) in the flue gas to ensure that the emission concentration of acidic gases meets the standards.

[0031] (6) Activated carbon adsorption

[0032] Finally, the flue gas passes through the activated carbon adsorption device. The porous structure of the activated carbon adsorbs harmful substances such as dioxins and VOCs in the flue gas. At the same time, a differential pressure sensor is set to monitor whether the activated carbon is blocked so that it can be maintained and replaced in time.

[0033] (7) Induction and exhaust

[0034] The treated purified flue gas is extracted by the induced draft fan under negative pressure and discharged through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe is a variable frequency controlled centrifugal fan to ensure the stable and reliable treatment process.

[0035] 3. Material and safety design

[0036] All equipment in contact with flue gas is made of high-temperature stainless steel and has added anti-scalding protection. The ammonia tank and alkali liquid tank in the system are equipped with a minimum liquid level alarm device to ensure stable liquid supply and avoid operation interruption. The activated carbon adsorption device and dust nitrate purification device are equipped with differential pressure sensors to monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time, which is convenient for maintenance and troubleshooting.

[0037] 4. Environmental protection and scalability

[0038] This equipment does not produce any wastewater, thus avoiding the additional cost and environmental risks of water treatment; at the same time, the treated flue gas does not emit white smoke, thus improving environmental performance.

[0039] In addition to being suitable for supporting the incineration of medical waste, the equipment can also be used for flue gas treatment during the incineration of light domestic waste, and has a wide range of application scenarios.

[0040] The present invention connects the SNCR denitration device, the flue gas heat exchanger, the quenching deacidification device, the dust nitrate purification device, the semi-dry deacidification device and the activated carbon adsorption device in sequence to form a complete flue gas treatment process. The SNCR denitration device sprays the dilute ammonia water into a reaction area of ​​850°C to 1100°C through a high-temperature atomizing injector, and a non-catalytic reduction reaction occurs with nitrogen oxides. The flue gas heat exchanger cools the flue gas to 550°C, and the quenching deacidification device further quickly cools the flue gas to below 200°C to avoid the formation of dioxins, and absorbs acidic gases through alkaline solution. The dust nitrate purification device monitors and cleans dust accumulation through a differential pressure sensor. The semi-dry deacidification device further removes acidic pollutants. The activated carbon adsorption device adsorbs dioxins and VOCs to ensure that the final flue gas meets the emission standards. The equipment of the present invention integrates a variety of flue gas purification technologies into a standardized container, with a reasonable structural layout and convenient operation, and can meet the requirements of efficient purification, multi-pollutant treatment, and flexible mobility.

Claims

1. A mobile integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste, the device comprising a high-efficiency flue gas purification device, characterized in that: The high-efficiency flue gas purification device is centrally installed in a container and includes the following main components: SNCR denitrification device (1); Flue gas heat exchanger (2); Quenching and deacidification device (3); Dust and saltpeter purification device (4); Semi-dry deacidification device (5); Activated carbon adsorption device (6); Smoke and air duct (7); Induced draft fan (8); Exhaust pipe (9); Ammonia water tank (10) and ammonia water pump (11); Alkali liquid tank (12) and alkali liquid pump (13); The components are connected end to end in sequence through a smoke and air duct (7) with good sealing effect to form a processing flow.

2. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SNCR denitration device (1) comprises a high-temperature atomizing injector, which is connected to an ammonia water tank (10) via a circulating ammonia water pump (11) and performs non-catalytic reduction treatment on nitrogen oxides in flue gas within a temperature range of 850° C. to 1100° C.

3. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quenching and deacidification device (3) sprays the alkali solution into the tower by means of an atomizing spray gun, so that the flue gas temperature drops below 200° C. within 1 second, and absorbs the acidic components in the flue gas at the same time.

4. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust and saltpeter purification device (4) has a differential pressure sensor, which can detect and automatically clean the dust deposits in the ash hopper, including mercury-containing dust and heavy metal particles.

5. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-dry deacidification device (5) sprays alkali solution through an atomizing spray gun to further remove residual acidic components during the flue gas treatment process.

6. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon adsorption device (6) utilizes the porous structure of activated carbon to adsorb pollutants such as VOCs and dioxins in the flue gas, and a differential pressure sensor is provided to monitor the blockage of the activated carbon.

7. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The induced draft fan (8) is a centrifugal fan with a wind pressure of 4500 Pa and a frequency conversion control function.

8. The integrated device for purifying flue gas from incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia water tank (10) and the alkali liquid tank (12) are both equipped with a minimum liquid level alarm device for monitoring the liquid level status.

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