Friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device and method
By arranging a hollow inner cavity and a spiral hole in the shoulder section of the additive manufacturing device, and using a rolling needle structure, the problems of insufficient fluidity and insufficient interlayer bonding strength of aluminum alloy materials in the additive manufacturing process are solved, achieving It improves material fluidity and interlayer bonding, and improves the mechanical properties and overall strength of molded parts.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411786934.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-24
AI Technical Summary
In the additive manufacturing process of aluminum alloy materials, the material flowability is insufficient, resulting in uneven internal structure of molded parts, affecting its mechanical properties; at the same time, since the oxide film is easily formed on the surface of aluminum alloy materials, it is difficult for traditional additive manufacturing technology to achieve various deposition. The effective bonding between layers leads to insufficient interlayer bonding strength of the molded parts.
By arranging a hollow inner cavity in the shoulder section, it provides circumferential restraint on the raw material rod and improves the fluidity of the raw material; at the same time, the spiral hole and rolling needle structure on the bottom shoulder plane destroy the oxide film to improve the interlayer bonding.
It improves the mobility of the material and inter -layer binding, improves the internal structure and mechanical properties of the molding parts, significantly reduces the layering phenomenon, enhances the overall strength of the molding parts, and reduces maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN119347092A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device and method. Background Art
[0002] During the additive manufacturing process, especially during the accumulation of deposition layers, aluminum alloy materials have insufficient material fluidity, resulting in uneven internal structure of the molded parts, affecting their mechanical properties. Since an oxide film is easily formed on the surface of aluminum alloy materials, traditional additive manufacturing technology makes it difficult to achieve effective bonding between the deposition layers, resulting in insufficient interlayer bonding strength of the molded parts.
[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems in the prior art. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a stir friction solid phase additive manufacturing device and method, which provides circumferential constraints on the raw material rod by setting a hollow inner cavity in the shoulder section to improve the fluidity of the raw material; through the spiral holes and the rolling needle structure on the bottom shoulder plane, the oxide film is destroyed to improve the interlayer bonding, so as to solve the problems of poor raw material fluidity and insufficient interlayer bonding strength of the deposited layers in the additive manufacturing process in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a stir friction solid phase additive manufacturing device, comprising: a shoulder section, the shoulder section is hollow, and the hollow inner cavity is used to accommodate a raw material rod; the bottom shoulder plane of the shoulder section is provided with at least one spiral hole and at least one group of rolling pins; and a clamping section, the clamping section is detachably connected to the shoulder section.
[0006] Further optionally, the rolling needle is in the shape of a teardrop.
[0007] Further optionally, the rolling needles are divided into two groups, and the rolling needles in each group are evenly distributed on the same circumference.
[0008] Further optionally, the shape and size of one group of rolling needles are adapted to the thickness of the deposited layer, so as to crush the deposited layer and destroy the oxide layer; the shape and size of another group of rolling needles are adapted to the thickness and structure of the edge layer, so as to improve the bonding between the edge layers.
[0009] Further optionally, at least one protrusion is provided in the hollow inner cavity.
[0010] Further optionally, the spiral hole is an Archimedean spiral pattern.
[0011] Further optionally, the spiral hole includes at least one spiral angle for optimizing the wrapping effect and driving ability of the material.
[0012] Further optionally, the bottom shoulder section and the rolling needle are made of rigid materials.
[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a stir friction solid phase additive manufacturing method, which uses the above-mentioned stir friction solid phase additive manufacturing device to perform additive manufacturing, including: connecting the clamping section with the split tool handle; inserting the raw material rod into the hollow inner cavity of the shoulder section, and allowing one end of the raw material rod to protrude from the bottom shoulder plane of the shoulder section; starting the control device to drive the shoulder section to stir and rub the raw material rod until the shell is formed.
[0014] Further optionally, the starting control device drives the shoulder section to stir and rub the raw material rod, including: real-time monitoring of the temperature of the melting zone, and controlling the temperature within a preset temperature range.
[0015] The above technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: improving material fluidity and enhancing interlayer bonding: the circumferential constraint of the raw material is achieved through the hollow inner cavity, which promotes the uniform consumption and fluidity of the material in the additive manufacturing process, thereby improving the internal structure and mechanical properties of the molded part; the unique "Archimedes spiral pattern" bottom shoulder section and the teardrop-shaped "rolling needle" design effectively destroy the oxide film of the deposited layer, improve the interlayer bonding, significantly reduce the stratification phenomenon, and improve the overall strength of the molded part; high-strength, high-wear-resistant alloy steel is selected as the material of the bottom shoulder section and the "rolling needle", which improves the durability of the tool, reduces the replacement frequency due to wear, and reduces maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom shoulder plane of a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the use status of the friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] Figure numerals: 1-clamping section; 2-shoulder section; 3-bottom shoulder plane; 301-spiral hole; 302-rolling needle; 4-raw material rod; 5-deposition layer; 6-substrate; 100-friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] In order to solve the problems of poor raw material fluidity and insufficient interlayer bonding strength of the deposited layers in the prior art, the present invention provides a stir friction solid phase additive manufacturing device, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 ,in, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom shoulder plane of a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the use status of the friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] In order to solve the problems of poor raw material fluidity and insufficient interlayer bonding strength of deposited layers in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a stir friction solid phase additive manufacturing device, which includes: a shoulder section 2, the shoulder section 2 is hollow, and the hollow inner cavity is used to accommodate the raw material rod; the bottom shoulder plane 3 of the shoulder section 2 is provided with at least one spiral hole 301 and at least one group of rolling needles 302; a clamping section 1, and the clamping section 1 is detachably connected to the shoulder section 2.
[0025] The shoulder section 2 is the core part of the device, which contains a hollow inner cavity for accommodating the raw material rod, which can accommodate and guide the raw material rod to the forming area. The hollow inner cavity can circumferentially constrain the raw material rod, promote uniform consumption of the material, and increase the fluidity of the raw material. A central circular hole is provided on the shoulder plane 3 at the bottom of the shoulder section 2, and at least one spiral hole 301 and at least one group of rolling needles 302 are provided outside the central circular hole. The spiral hole 301 and the rolling needle 302 enhance the wrapping effect and driving ability of the shaped aluminum alloy material.
[0026] The spiral hole 301 can use the spiral guide to push the raw material to flow along the shoulder section 2 during the friction stirring process, thereby increasing the fluidity of the raw material and ensuring uniform deposition of the material. The spiral hole 301 can effectively avoid the accumulation of raw materials and promote the flow and plastic deformation of the material.
[0027] The shape and size of the grinding needle 302 are precisely designed to stir the deposited layer through physical action, destroy the surface oxide film, and strengthen the bonding between the layers. During the stirring and friction process, the raw materials are deposited layer by layer, and each layer is stirred and compacted by the "grinding needle 302" of the tool to ensure the close bonding between each layer.
[0028] As an optional implementation, the shoulder can be designed as an adjustable structure so that the shoulder size can be changed to meet the molding requirements of bodies with different wall thicknesses, thereby improving the universality of the device.
[0029] The clamping section 1 is detachably connected to the shoulder section 2, which is convenient for disassembly, cleaning and maintenance of the device. The clamping section 1 is used to connect with the split tool handle to ensure the stability of the device operation. The connection between the clamping section 1 and the split tool handle is detachable, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance. The detachable connection methods include: snap connection, threaded connection and rivet connection.
[0030] During use, the equipment drives the friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device 100 to move on the substrate 6, so that the raw material rod 4 is stacked layer by layer on the substrate 6 to obtain a deposition layer 5.
[0031] As an optional implementation, the rolling needle 302 is in the shape of a teardrop.
[0032] The teardrop-shaped stirring needle has a sharper edge and a larger contact area than the traditional straight or round shape, which enables it to exert a stronger mechanical effect on the aluminum alloy material during operation, thereby promoting the flow of the material. During the additive manufacturing process, an oxide film or a harder deposition layer may form on the surface of the material, which will hinder the flow of the material. The teardrop-shaped stirring needle can effectively break these oxide films and hardened layers through the friction generated by its tip and surface, making the material more fluid, thereby ensuring that each layer of material can be smoothly fused to improve the interlayer bonding.
[0033] The shape of the rolling pin 302 can be other efficient geometric shapes to ensure that sufficient pressure and friction are provided during the stirring process to improve the bonding strength between the layers.
[0034] As an optional implementation, the rolling needles 302 are divided into two groups, and the rolling needles 302 in each group are evenly distributed on the same circumference.
[0035] Each group includes at least two teardrop-shaped rolling pins 302. The rolling pins 302 of different groups are arranged on different circumferences, and the rolling pins 302 of the same group are evenly distributed on the same circumference, so as to ensure that during the stirring friction process, the material can be evenly subjected to physical pressure in the entire area. Through this even distribution, the problem of excessively fast or slow fluidity in a local area is avoided, ensuring that each part of the deposited layer can be effectively fused with the previous layer.
[0036] As an optional embodiment, the shape and size of one group of rolling needles 302 are adapted to the thickness of the deposited layer, and are used to crush the deposited layer and destroy the oxide layer; the shape and size of another group of rolling needles 302 are adapted to the thickness and structure of the edge layer, and are used to improve the bonding between the edge layers.
[0037] The design of the first set of rolling pins 302 focuses on the thickness and overall morphology of the deposited layer, with the aim of effectively improving the fluidity of the deposited layer and enhancing the interlayer bonding. The shape and size of this set of rolling pins 302 should be customized according to the actual thickness of the deposited layer to ensure that it can maximize the impact on the deposited layer and promote its fusion.
[0038] The thickness of the deposited layer usually increases layer by layer as the additive manufacturing process progresses, and different thicknesses require different shapes and sizes of the rolling pins 302 to apply appropriate pressure. For thicker deposited layers, the size of the rolling pins 302 may need to be larger in order to generate sufficient pressure and friction to shape and promote flow. Conversely, for thinner deposited layers, the size of the rolling pins 302 can be appropriately reduced to avoid excessive pressure affecting the uniform deposition of the material.
[0039] The design of the second group of rolling needles 302 focuses on the processing of the edge layer, and its main purpose is to improve the bonding and plastic deformation of the edge area, ensure a strong bond between the edge layer and the center layer, and solve the problem of weak connection and disconnection.
[0040] As an optional embodiment, the group of rolling needles 302 arranged on the circumference closer to the inner hole of the bottom surface is the rolling needles 302 focused on the deposition layer, and the group of rolling needles 302 arranged on the circumference away from the inner hole of the bottom surface is the rolling needles 302 focused on the edge layer.
[0041] As an optional implementation, at least one protrusion is provided in the hollow inner cavity.
[0042] The hollow inner cavity has at least one inner wall protrusion for enhancing the restraint force on the raw material.
[0043] As an optional implementation, the spiral hole 301 is an Archimedean spiral pattern.
[0044] The Archimedean spiral is an equidistant spiral structure characterized by a pitch (i.e., the distance between each turn) that remains consistent as the spiral extends. Specifically, the pitch is constant at each link, allowing the structure to expand uniformly in space. Due to its spiral shape, the Archimedean spiral can apply pressure evenly during the friction stir process, which helps the flow of the raw material and the uniform fusion of the deposited layers. The uniformity of the spiral structure ensures the overall fluidity and uniformity of the deposition of the material.
[0045] As an optional embodiment, the spiral hole 301 includes at least one spiral angle for optimizing the wrapping effect and driving ability of the material.
[0046] The helical rise angle refers to the rise angle of the trajectory of the spiral hole 301 in the circumferential direction. This rise angle is a crucial parameter in the design of the spiral hole 301, which directly affects the mechanical action and heat transfer effect of the raw material during the flow process. The design of the spiral hole 301 guides the smooth flow of the material in the bottom shoulder section 2 area through the rise angle, and evenly wraps it around the shoulder section 2 to avoid uneven accumulation of the material. This optimizes the wrapping effect and driving ability of the raw material.
[0047] As an optional embodiment, the bottom shoulder section 2 and the rolling needle 302 are made of rigid materials.
[0048] Preferably, the bottom shoulder section 2 and the rolling needle 302 are both made of high-strength, high-wear-resistant alloy steel to improve the durability and service life of the device.
[0049] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing method, which uses the above-mentioned friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device to perform additive manufacturing, including:
[0050] S1, connect the clamping section with the split tool handle;
[0051] S2, inserting the raw material rod into the hollow inner cavity of the shoulder section, and making one end of the raw material rod protrude from the bottom shoulder plane of the shoulder section;
[0052] S3. Start the control device to drive the shoulder section to stir and rub the raw material rod until the shell is formed.
[0053] As an optional implementation, starting the control device to drive the shoulder section to stir and rub the raw material rod includes:
[0054] Monitor the temperature of the melting zone in real time and control the temperature within the preset temperature range.
[0055] The clamping section of the friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device is connected to the split tool handle. The clamping section is designed to be detachable, which is convenient for tool replacement and maintenance.
[0056] Select 6061 aluminum alloy raw materials suitable for additive manufacturing and cut them into the required size and shape for subsequent additive manufacturing.
[0057] Place the raw material under the middle load-bearing section of the device to ensure that the raw material is in accurate contact with the bottom shoulder section and the "rolling needle".
[0058] The stirring friction process of the device is started, so that the bottom shoulder section and the "rolling needle" begin to stir and rub the raw materials. In this process, the bottom shoulder section of the "Archimedes spiral pattern" and the water drop-shaped "rolling needle" will effectively improve the fluidity and interlayer bonding ability of the material.
[0059] During the friction stirring process, the device moves at a constant speed, and the bottom shoulder section and the "rolling needle" stir and rub the raw materials to form a molten zone. A thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature of the molten zone in real time to ensure that the temperature is controlled within the optimal processing temperature range of the aluminum alloy to optimize the fluidity of the material and interlayer bonding.
[0060] Adjust the tool shoulder size according to the wall thickness requirements of the molded part. The adjustable shoulder design allows the tool to adapt to the molding requirements of different wall thicknesses, improving the versatility and applicability of the tool. For example, for thicker walls, increase the shoulder diameter to provide greater pressure.
[0061] During the stirring and friction process, the raw materials are piled up layer by layer, and each layer is stirred and compacted by the "rolling needle" of the device to ensure close bonding between each layer.
[0062] After the additive manufacturing is completed, the molded parts are subjected to T6 heat treatment to increase their hardness and strength. They are then subjected to mechanical processing such as milling and grinding to obtain the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish.
[0063] Strict quality inspections of molded parts, including ultrasonic testing, tensile testing and hardness testing, ensure that they meet the high standards required by industries such as aerospace or automotive manufacturing.
[0064] After completing a production cycle, the tool is cleaned and inspected for wear. If worn, it is repaired or replaced in time to ensure the performance of the tool and the quality of the molded parts.
[0065] Regular inspection and maintenance of the device, including cleaning, wear inspection and necessary replacement, should be carried out to ensure long-term and stable operation of the tool.
[0066] The above technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: improving material fluidity and enhancing interlayer bonding: the circumferential constraint of the raw material is achieved through the hollow inner cavity, which promotes the uniform consumption and fluidity of the material in the additive manufacturing process, thereby improving the internal structure and mechanical properties of the molded part; the unique "Archimedes spiral pattern" bottom shoulder section and the teardrop-shaped "rolling needle" design effectively destroy the oxide film of the deposited layer, improve the interlayer bonding, significantly reduce the stratification phenomenon, and improve the overall strength of the molded part; high-strength, high-wear-resistant alloy steel is selected as the material of the bottom shoulder section and the "rolling needle", which improves the durability of the tool, reduces the replacement frequency due to wear, and reduces maintenance costs.
[0067] The specific implementation methods of the above invention further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above content is only the specific implementation methods of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device, characterized in that: include: A shaft shoulder section, wherein the shaft shoulder section is hollow, and the hollow inner cavity is used to accommodate the raw material rod; The bottom shoulder plane of the shoulder section is provided with at least one spiral hole and at least one group of rolling pins; A clamping section is detachably connected to the shaft shoulder section.
2. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rolling needle is in the shape of a water drop.
3. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rolling needles are divided into two groups, and the rolling needles in each group are evenly distributed on the same circumference.
4. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A set of grinding needles whose shape and size are adapted to the thickness of the deposited layer are used to break up the deposited layer and destroy the oxide layer; The shape and size of another group of rolling pins are adapted to the thickness and structure of the edge layer, so as to improve the bonding between the edge layers.
5. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one protrusion is arranged in the hollow inner cavity.
6. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral hole is an Archimedean spiral pattern.
7. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The helical hole includes at least one helix angle for optimizing the wrapping effect and driving ability of the material.
8. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom shoulder section and the rolling needle are made of rigid material.
9. A friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The method of performing additive manufacturing using the friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises: Connect the clamping section to the split tool holder; Insert the raw material rod into the hollow inner cavity of the shoulder section, and make one end of the raw material rod protrude from the bottom shoulder plane of the shoulder section; Start the control device to drive the shoulder section to stir and rub the raw material rod until the shell is formed.
10. The friction stir solid phase additive manufacturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The starting control device drives the shoulder section to stir and rub the raw material rod, including: Monitor the temperature of the melting zone in real time and control the temperature within the preset temperature range.