High-precision numerical control lathe and machining process thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a high-precision numerical control lathe and a machining process thereof.The high-precision numerical control lathe comprises a base, a spindle box, a tool rest and a temperature control device, the spindle box is connected to the base, the tool rest comprises a moving part and a cutting tool, the moving part is slidably connected to the surface of the base, and the cutting tool is connected to the surface, facing the spindle box, of the moving part; the temperature control device comprises a cooling assembly and a temperature control assembly, the cooling assembly comprises an oil storage tank and a first pump body, the oil inlet end of the first pump body is connected to the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank, the oil outlet end of the first pump body is connected to the moving part, a pouring runner is formed in the surface, facing the workpiece, of the cutter, and the temperature control assembly is connected to the cutter. Through the arrangement of the oil storage tank and the first pump body, the temperature control assembly can control the flow of the pouring flow channel, real-time control over the oil flow is achieved, heat energy generated in the workpiece cutting process of the cutting knife can be stably transmitted to oil, the precision error caused by heating expansion of the cutting knife is reduced, and the machining precision of the workpiece is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical processing, and in particular to a high-precision CNC lathe and a processing technology thereof. Background Art

[0002] CNC machine tools are a type of equipment commonly used in the field of mechanical processing. The operating program is written in the control panel of the equipment in advance, and the material to be processed is placed in the card table of the equipment and processed by the cutting knife.

[0003] During the processing of the workpiece by the cutting tool of a CNC machine tool, coolant is usually sprayed for cooling. However, the flow of the coolant cannot be controlled in real time, so that the heat energy generated by the tool during the processing of the workpiece cannot be eliminated in time. The expansion of the tool due to temperature rise leads to a decrease in the processing accuracy of the workpiece, thereby reducing the processing quality of the workpiece. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to improve the problem of machining quality of workpieces, the present application provides a high-precision CNC lathe and a machining process thereof.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a high-precision CNC lathe, which adopts the following technical solution: A high-precision CNC lathe comprises a base, a spindle box, a tool holder and a temperature control device, wherein the spindle box is connected to the base, the spindle box can drive the workpiece to rotate, the tool holder comprises a moving part and a cutting tool, the moving part is slidably connected to the surface of the base, the cutting tool is connected to the surface of the moving part facing the spindle box, the cutting tool can cut the workpiece on the spindle box, the temperature control device comprises a cooling component and a temperature control component, the cooling component comprises an oil storage tank and a pump body, the oil inlet end of the pump body is connected to the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank, the oil outlet end of the pump body is connected to the moving part, an injection flow channel is opened on the surface of the cutting tool facing the workpiece, the pump body drives the oil in the oil storage tank to spray from the injection flow channel onto the outer surface of the workpiece, the temperature control component is connected to the cutting tool, and the temperature control component can control the flow rate of the injection flow channel.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, the workpiece is fixed on the spindle box, the moving part slides along the surface of the base toward the spindle box, the cutting end of the cutting tool faces the surface of the workpiece, and the pump body drives the oil in the oil storage tank to spray from the injection channel onto the outer surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool. The oil exchanges heat with the outer surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool to achieve cooling of the workpiece and the cutting tool. At the same time, the temperature control component can control the flow rate of the injection channel to achieve real-time control of the oil flow rate, so that the heat energy generated by the cutting tool in the process of cutting the workpiece can be stably transferred to the oil, thereby reducing the precision error caused by the heating and expansion of the cutting tool, improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece, and thus improving the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0007] Optionally, the temperature control component includes a thermal expansion and contraction strip and a closing plate, the surface of the cutting tool facing the workpiece is provided with a closing cavity for the closing plate to slide, the closing cavity is connected to the perfusion channel, the closing plate surface is pressed against the bottom wall of the closing cavity and partially closes the liquid outlet of the perfusion channel, one end of the thermal expansion and contraction strip is connected to the closing plate surface, and the other end of the thermal expansion and contraction strip is connected to the inner wall of the closing cavity, when the thermal expansion and contraction strip heats up and expands, the closing plate is driven to slide in a direction away from the perfusion channel, and the liquid outlet of the perfusion channel opens.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the closing plate closes part of the liquid outlet of the perfusion flow channel, and the pump body drives the oil in the oil storage tank to spray from the perfusion flow channel onto the outer surface of the workpiece. When the cutting tool generates heat energy during the cutting process of the workpiece surface, the cutting tool transfers the heat energy to the thermal expansion and contraction strip, the thermal expansion and contraction strip heats up and expands and drives the closing plate to slide away from the perfusion flow channel, the liquid outlet of the perfusion flow channel opens, the flow rate of the oil in the perfusion flow channel is increased, and the oil in the perfusion flow channel is sprayed onto the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool. The oil fully contacts the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool and performs heat exchange, thereby achieving cooling of the workpiece and the cutting tool, making it difficult for the workpiece and the cutting tool to heat up, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the cutting tool in processing the workpiece.

[0009] Optionally, the temperature control component further includes a filter screen, which is connected to the inner wall of the perfusion channel close to the closed cavity, and the filter screen can filter impurities in the oil.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the oil in the injection channel is sprayed on the outer surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool, the filter screen filters the impurities in the oil, so that the oil is not easy to carry impurities and spray on the processing position of the cutting tool and the workpiece, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutting tool in cutting the workpiece.

[0011] Optionally, the base is connected to a reflux component, which includes a pump body 2. The base is provided with an oil storage groove on the surface facing the workpiece, and the inner wall of the oil storage groove is provided with a reflux channel. The oil inlet end of the pump body 2 is connected to the inner wall of the reflux channel, and the oil outlet end of the pump body 2 is connected to the oil inlet end of the oil storage tank. The pump body 2 drives the oil in the oil storage groove back to the oil storage tank through the reflux channel.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the oil in the injection flow channel is sprayed on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool, the notch of the oil storage tank faces the workpiece, and the oil falls into the oil storage tank due to its own gravity. The oil accumulates in the oil storage tank, and the second drive of the pump body causes the oil in the oil storage tank to return to the oil storage tank through the reflux flow channel, thereby realizing the reuse of the oil and reducing the waste of the oil, thereby embodying the concept of energy saving.

[0013] Optionally, the reflux component further includes a screen connected to the inner wall of the reflux channel, and the screen can filter impurities in the oil.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the screen can filter impurities in the oil, so that the oil in the return flow channel is not easy to carry impurities into the pump body 2, ensuring that the pump body 2 is not easily damaged by impurities during operation, thereby extending the service life of the high-precision CNC lathe.

[0015] Optionally, a guide nozzle is connected to the base, and an air outlet end of the guide nozzle faces the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece. Air impacts the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece through the air outlet end of the guide nozzle, driving the oil to fully contact the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and perform heat exchange.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the air outlet end of the guide nozzle faces the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, and the air impacts the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece through the air outlet end of the guide nozzle, driving the oil to fully contact the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and perform heat exchange, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the workpiece.

[0017] Optionally, a guide assembly is connected to the base, and the guide assembly includes a reciprocating screw and a piston. A guide cavity is defined in the base for the reciprocating screw to rotate, and the piston is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the reciprocating screw. The piston divides the guide cavity into guide section one and guide section two. A guide channel one is defined on the inner wall of the guide section one, and the guide channel one is connected to the air inlet end of the guide nozzle. A guide channel two is defined on the inner wall of the guide section two, and the guide channel two runs through the surface of the base. When the piston slides along the axis of the reciprocating screw toward the direction close to the guide channel one, the air pressure in the guide channel one increases, and the air in the guide channel one is discharged through the air outlet end of the guide nozzle.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the reciprocating screw is driven to rotate on the inner wall of the guide cavity, the piston is driven to slide along the axis of the reciprocating screw in the direction close to the guide channel one, and the air in the guide section one enters the guide channel one, the air pressure in the guide channel one increases, and the air in the guide channel one is discharged through the air outlet end of the guide nozzle, thereby realizing the air supply to the guide nozzle; at the same time, the air pressure in the guide section two is reduced, and the outside air enters the guide section two through the guide channel two, thereby realizing the air supply to the guide section two, reducing the loss of energy, thereby reflecting the concept of energy saving.

[0019] Optionally, a power assembly is connected to the base, and the power assembly includes a power impeller and a transmission member. The power impeller is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the oil storage tank, and the power impeller blades face the return flow channel. When the oil in the oil storage tank enters the return flow channel, it impacts the power impeller blades, driving the power impeller to rotate. The transmission member is connected between the transmission impeller and the reciprocating screw, and the transmission member can receive power from the power impeller and drive the reciprocating screw to rotate.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the pump body drives the oil in the oil storage tank into the return flow channel and impacts the power impeller impeller, the power impeller rotates, the transmission member receives the power of the power impeller and drives the reciprocating screw to rotate, and there is no need for an external power device to drive the reciprocating screw to rotate, thereby reducing energy loss and embodying the concept of energy saving.

[0021] Optionally, the transmission member includes at least two transmission wheels and a transmission belt used in conjunction with the transmission wheels, wherein one of the transmission wheels is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft of the power impeller, and the other transmission wheel is coaxially connected to the reciprocating screw, and the transmission belt is tensioned to connect the two transmission wheels.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when the oil impacts the blades of the power impeller and drives the power impeller to rotate, the transmission belt is tensioned to connect the two transmission wheels, driving the reciprocating screw to rotate stably. At the same time, the oil transfers part of the heat energy to the inner wall of the oil storage tank. After the inner wall of the oil storage tank is heated up, the heat energy is transferred to the air in the guide cavity, thereby achieving cooling of the oil in the oil storage tank.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a workpiece processing technology, which adopts the following technical solution: The workpiece processing method, using a high-precision CNC lathe, includes the following steps: Workpiece placement, fix the workpiece on the spindle box; The moving part slides along the surface of the base toward the spindle box, the machining end of the cutting tool abuts against the workpiece surface to be machined, the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate, and the cutting tool cuts the workpiece surface to be machined. When the cutting tool cools down, the pump body drives the oil in the oil storage tank to be discharged from the injection flow channel and impact the cutting tool face and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate, and the cutting tool cuts the workpiece surface to be processed. At the same time, the pump body drives the oil in the oil storage tank to be discharged from the injection channel and impact the cutting tool face and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, thereby cooling the cutting tool and the workpiece, reducing the precision error caused by the heating and expansion of the cutting tool, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy of the cutting tool on the workpiece.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The oil storage tank and the pump body are set together to cool the workpiece and the cutting tool. At the same time, the temperature control component can control the flow rate of the injection channel to achieve real-time control of the oil flow rate, so that the heat energy generated by the cutting tool during the cutting process of the workpiece can be stably transferred to the oil, reducing the precision error caused by the temperature rise and expansion of the cutting tool, improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece, and thus improving the processing quality of the workpiece; 2. The thermal expansion and contraction strips and the closing plate are set up so that the oil is in full contact with the outer surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool and heat is exchanged, thereby cooling the workpiece and the cutting tool, making it difficult for the workpiece and the cutting tool to heat up, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the cutting tool in processing the workpiece; 3. The setting of the filter screen prevents the oil from carrying impurities and spraying on the processing position of the cutting tool and the workpiece, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutting tool in cutting the workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in the embodiment of the present application, mainly showing the mounting holes.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cutting knife in the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view in an embodiment of the present application, mainly showing the power component.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a partial cross-sectional view in an embodiment of the present application, mainly showing the reflux component.

[0031] Description of reference numerals: 1, base; 11, oil storage tank; 12, return flow channel; 13, guide cavity; 131, guide section 1; 132, guide section 2; 14, guide flow channel 1; 15, guide flow channel 2; 2, spindle box; 3, tool holder; 31, moving part; 311, mounting hole; 312, liquid inlet flow channel; 32, cutting tool; 321, perfusion flow channel; 322, closed cavity; 4, temperature control device; 41, cooling device Temperature component; 411, oil storage tank; 412, pump body one; 42, temperature control component; 421, thermal expansion and contraction strip; 422, filter screen; 423, closing plate; 5, reflux component; 51, pump body two; 52, screen; 6, guide nozzle; 7, guide component; 71, reciprocating screw; 72, piston; 8, power component; 81, power impeller; 82, transmission part; 821, transmission wheel; 822, transmission belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 This application is described in further detail.

[0033] The present application embodiment discloses a high-precision CNC lathe. Figure 1The high-precision CNC lathe includes a base 1, a spindle box 2, a tool holder 3 and a temperature control device 4. The bottom of the base 1 abuts the ground to form a support. The spindle box 2 is installed at one end of the length direction of the base 1. The spindle box 2 can drive the workpiece to rotate. The tool holder 3 is installed on the top surface of the base 1. The tool holder 3 can process the surface of the workpiece to be processed. The temperature control device 4 is installed between the tool holder 3 and the base 1. The temperature control device 4 can accurately control the temperature of the workpiece and the tool holder 3 to ensure that the tool holder 3 is not easy to heat up and expand during the processing of the workpiece, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece and thus improving the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0034] Reference Figure 2 The tool holder 3 includes a moving part 31 and a cutting tool 32. The moving part 31 is slidably connected to the top surface of the base 1. The sliding direction of the moving seat and the length direction of the base 1 are parallel to each other. A plurality of mounting holes 311 for the end of the tool to be embedded are arranged at intervals on the surface of the moving part 31 facing the spindle box 2. The end of the cutting tool 32 is embedded in the mounting hole 311, and the circumferential outer wall of the cutting tool 32 is pressed against the inner wall of the mounting hole 311 to form a limit, so that the cutting tool 32 is installed on the moving part 31; when the moving part 31 slides along the top surface of the base 1 toward the spindle box 2, the processing end of the cutting tool 32 abuts against the surface to be processed of the workpiece, the spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate, and the processing end of the cutting tool 32 stably cuts the surface to be processed of the workpiece, thereby realizing stable processing of the workpiece.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The temperature control device 4 includes a cooling component 41 and a temperature control component 42. The cooling component 41 includes an oil storage tank 411 and a pump body 412. The oil storage tank 411 and the pump body 412 are fixed to the top surface of the base 1 by bolts at intervals. The oil storage tank 411 and the pump body 412 are located on the side of the moving part 31 away from the spindle box 2. The oil inlet end of the pump body 412 is fixed to the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank 411 through a pipeline flange, and the oil outlet end of the pump body 412 is fixed to the surface of the moving part 31 through a pipeline flange.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A liquid inlet channel 312 is opened on the surface of the moving part 31 facing the pipeline, and the liquid inlet channel 312 is connected to the multiple installation holes 311.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The surface of the cutting blade 32 facing the workpiece is provided with an injection channel 321, the injection channel 321 penetrates the outer wall of the cutting blade 32 and is connected to the liquid inlet channel 312, the pump body 412 drives the oil in the oil storage tank 411 to enter the pump body 412 through the pipeline and then sprays the oil from the liquid inlet channel 312 through the pipeline from the injection channel 321 onto the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting blade 32, the oil is in full contact with the cutting blade 32 and heat exchange is performed, so as to cool the cutting blade 32, reduce the precision error caused by the temperature rise and expansion of the cutting blade 32, improve the processing precision of the workpiece, and thus improve the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The temperature control component 42 adjusts the oil flow rate by controlling the size of the opening of the perfusion channel 321. The temperature control component 42 includes a thermal expansion and contraction strip 421, a filter screen 422 and a closing plate 423. The surface of the cutting tool 32 facing the workpiece is provided with a closing cavity 322 for the closing plate 423 to slide. The closing cavity 322 is connected to the perfusion channel 321. The closing plate 423 is pressed against the bottom wall of the perfusion channel 321 and closes part of the opening of the perfusion channel 321. The filter screen 422 is installed on the inner wall of the perfusion channel 321 close to the closing cavity 322. The filter screen 422 can filter impurities in the oil, so that the oil discharged from the perfusion channel 321 is not easy to carry impurities to impact the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutting tool 32 on the workpiece.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The material of the thermal expansion and contraction strip 421 can be rubber or nylon. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the thermal expansion and contraction strip 421 is nylon, which has a certain thermal expansion coefficient. The number of the thermal expansion and contraction strips 421 can be one, two or more. In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the thermal expansion and contraction strips 421 is two, one end of the two thermal expansion and contraction strips 421 is fixed at intervals at the two ends of the closing plate 423, and the other end of the two thermal expansion and contraction strips 421 is fixed at intervals on the inner wall of the closing cavity 322. When the cutting tool 32 heats up and transfers part of the heat energy to the thermal expansion and contraction strip 421, the thermal expansion and contraction strip 421 heats up and expands and drives the closing plate 423 to slide along the bottom wall of the closing cavity 322 in a direction away from the injection channel 321, and the injection channel 321 opens, thereby realizing real-time control of the oil flow in the injection channel 321, so that the heat energy generated by the cutting tool 32 in the process of cutting the workpiece can be stably transferred to the oil, thereby reducing the precision error caused by the heating and expansion of the cutting tool 32, and improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4The base 1 is equipped with a reflux assembly 5, which returns the oil discharged from the injection channel 321 to the oil storage tank 411. The reflux assembly 5 includes a pump body 51 and a screen 52. The surface of the base 1 facing the workpiece is provided with an oil storage tank 11, and the inner wall of the oil storage tank 11 is provided with a reflux channel 12. The reflux channel 12 runs through the surface of the base 1. The pump body 51 is fixed to the side wall of the base 1 by bolts, and the oil inlet end of the pump body 51 is fixed to the reflux channel 1 through a pipeline flange. 2 inner wall, the oil outlet end of the pump body 2 51 is fixed to the oil inlet end of the oil storage tank 411 through a pipeline flange. When the oil in the injection flow channel 321 is sprayed on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and falls into the oil storage tank 11 due to its own gravity, the oil is accumulated in the oil storage tank 11. The pump body 2 51 drives the oil in the oil storage tank 11 to flow back from the pipeline to the oil storage tank 411 through the reflux flow channel 12, thereby realizing the recycling of the oil and reducing the waste of the oil, thereby reflecting the concept of environmental protection.

[0041] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The screen 52 is installed on the inner wall of the return flow channel 12 close to the oil storage tank 11. The screen 52 can filter impurities in the oil, so that the oil in the oil storage tank 11 is not easy to carry impurities into the return flow channel 12, thereby ensuring that the pump body 51 is not easily affected by impurities in the oil during operation, thereby extending the service life of the pump body 51.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 A guide nozzle 6 is installed on the top surface of the base 1, and the air outlet end of the guide nozzle 6 faces the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece. The guide nozzle 6 is located on the side of the oil storage tank 11 close to the spindle box 2. The air in the guide nozzle 6 impacts the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece from the air outlet end, driving the oil to fully contact the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and perform heat exchange, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the oil on the workpiece.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 A guide assembly 7 is installed on the base 1. The guide assembly 7 can drive air to be discharged from the air outlet end of the guide nozzle 6. The guide assembly 7 includes a reciprocating screw rod 71 and a piston 72. A guide cavity 13 for the reciprocating screw rod 71 to rotate is provided in the base 1. The rotation axis of the reciprocating screw rod 71 and the width direction of the base 1 are parallel to each other. The guide cavity 13 is located on the side of the oil storage tank 11 close to the ground. The material of the piston 72 can be rubber or silicone. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the piston 72 is rubber, which has The piston 72 has a certain deformation ability, and is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the reciprocating screw rod 71. The piston 72 slides on the inner wall of the guide cavity 13 along the axis of the reciprocating screw rod 71. The piston 72 divides the guide cavity 13 into a guide section 1 131 and a guide section 2 132. A guide channel 14 is provided on the inner wall of the guide section 131. The guide channel 14 passes through the outer wall of the base 1 and is connected to the air inlet end of the guide nozzle 6. A guide channel 2 15 is provided on the inner wall of the guide section 2 132. The guide channel 2 15 passes through the outer wall of the base 1.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 When the oil is accumulated in the oil storage tank 11, the oil transfers part of its heat energy to the inner wall of the oil storage tank 11, and the inner wall of the oil storage tank 11 is heated up, driving the piston 72 to slide along the axis of the reciprocating screw 71 toward the direction close to the guide section 131, and the air pressure in the guide section 131 increases. The air in the guide section 131 enters the guide nozzle 6 through the guide flow channel 14, and the guide nozzle 6 is supplied with air. At the same time, the air pressure in the guide section 2 132 decreases, and the external air pressure is greater than the air pressure in the guide section 2 132. The external air passes through the guide flow channel The second guide section 132 enters the second guide section 132 to realize air supply in the second guide section 132. The air in the second guide section 132 fully contacts the inner wall of the second guide section 132 and performs heat exchange, thereby realizing cooling of the base 1. At the same time, when the piston 72 slides along the axis of the reciprocating screw 71 toward the second guide section 132, the air pressure in the second guide section 132 increases, and the air in the second guide section 132 is discharged through the guide flow channel 15, thereby realizing the air pressure flow in the second guide section 132, thereby ensuring the stability of cooling the base 1.

[0045] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The base 1 is equipped with a power assembly 8, which can drive the reciprocating screw 71 to rotate. The power assembly 8 includes a power impeller 81 and a transmission member 82. The power impeller 81 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the oil storage tank 11, and some blades of the power impeller 81 face the return flow channel 12. When the oil in the oil storage tank 11 enters the return flow channel 12 and impacts the blades of the power impeller 81, the power impeller 81 is impacted by the oil and rotates. The rotation axis of the power impeller 81 and the axis of the reciprocating screw 71 are parallel to each other. The transmission member 82 is connected between the power impeller 81 and the reciprocating screw 71. The transmission member 82 is connected between the power impeller 81 and the reciprocating screw 71. Component 82 can receive power from the power impeller 81 and drive the reciprocating screw 71 to rotate. The transmission component 82 includes two transmission wheels 821 and a transmission belt 822 used in conjunction with the transmission wheel 821. One of the transmission wheels 821 is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft of the power impeller 81, and the other transmission wheel 821 is coaxially fixed to the end of the reciprocating screw 71. The transmission belt 822 is tensioned to connect the two transmission wheels 821, driving the reciprocating screw 71 to rotate on the inner wall of the guide cavity 13. No external power device is required to drive the reciprocating screw 71 to rotate, thereby reducing energy loss and reflecting the concept of energy saving.

[0046] The implementation principle of a high-precision CNC lathe in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the workpiece is fixed on the spindle box 2, the moving part 31 slides along the surface of the base 1 toward the spindle box 2, the processing end of the cutting tool 32 abuts against the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate, and the cutting tool 32 cuts the surface of the workpiece to be processed. At the same time, the pump body 412 drives the oil in the oil storage tank 411 to enter the pump body 412 through the pipeline and then sprays it from the liquid inlet channel 312 to the perfusion channel 321 through the pipeline on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and the cutting surface of the cutting tool 32. The oil is in full contact with the cutting tool 32 and performs heat exchange, thereby cooling the cutting tool 32 and reducing The precision error caused by the heating and expansion of the cutting tool 32 is reduced, the processing precision of the workpiece is improved, and thus the processing quality of the workpiece is improved. When the cutting tool 32 heats up and transfers part of the heat energy to the thermal expansion and contraction strip 421, the thermal expansion and contraction strip 421 heats up and expands, driving the closing plate 423 to slide along the bottom wall of the closing cavity 322 in a direction away from the injection channel 321, and the injection channel 321 opens, thereby realizing real-time control of the oil flow in the injection channel 321, so that the heat energy generated by the cutting tool 32 during the cutting process of the workpiece can be stably transferred to the oil, thereby reducing the precision error caused by the heating and expansion of the cutting tool 32, and improving the processing precision of the workpiece.

[0047] The present application also discloses a workpiece processing process using a high-precision CNC lathe, comprising the following steps: Workpiece placement: fix the workpiece on the spindle box 2; During workpiece machining, the moving part 31 slides along the surface of the base 1 toward the spindle box 2, the machining end of the cutting tool 32 abuts against the workpiece surface to be machined, the spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate, and the cutting tool 32 cuts the workpiece surface to be machined. The cutting blade 32 is cooled down, and the pump body 1 412 drives the oil in the oil storage tank 411 to be discharged from the injection channel 321 and impact the cutting blade 32 and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece.

[0048] The implementation principle of a workpiece processing technology in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: the spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate, and the cutting tool 32 cuts the workpiece surface to be processed. At the same time, the pump body 412 drives the oil in the oil storage tank 411 to be discharged from the injection channel 321 and impact the cutting tool 32 surface and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, thereby cooling the cutting tool 32 and the workpiece, reducing the precision error caused by the heating and expansion of the cutting tool 32, improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece, and thus improving the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. High-precision CNC lathe, characterized by: The invention comprises a base (1), a spindle box (2), a tool holder (3) and a temperature control device (4), wherein the spindle box (2) is connected to the base (1), the spindle box (2) can drive a workpiece to rotate, the tool holder (3) comprises a moving part (31) and a cutting tool (32), the moving part (31) is slidably connected to the surface of the base (1), the cutting tool (32) is connected to the surface of the moving part (31) facing the spindle box (2), the cutting tool (32) can cut the workpiece on the spindle box (2), and the temperature control device (4) comprises a cooling component (41) and a temperature control component (42), the cooling component (31) and the temperature control component (42) are connected to the moving part (31) and the temperature control component (42). The component (41) comprises an oil storage tank (411) and a pump body (412); the oil inlet end of the pump body (412) is connected to the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank (411); the oil outlet end of the pump body (412) is connected to the movable part (31); the cutting tool (32) is provided with an injection flow channel (321) on the surface facing the workpiece; the pump body (412) drives the oil in the oil storage tank (411) to spray from the injection flow channel (321) onto the outer surface of the workpiece; the temperature control component (42) is connected to the cutting tool (32); and the temperature control component (42) can control the flow rate of the injection flow channel (321).

2. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control component (42) comprises a thermal expansion and contraction strip (421) and a closing plate (423); a closing cavity (322) for the closing plate (423) to slide is provided on the surface of the cutting tool (32) facing the workpiece; the closing cavity (322) is connected to the injection channel (321); the closing plate (423) is pressed against the bottom wall of the closing cavity (322) and partially closes the liquid outlet of the injection channel (321); one end of the thermal expansion and contraction strip (421) is connected to the surface of the closing plate (423); the other end of the thermal expansion and contraction strip (421) is connected to the inner wall of the closing cavity (322); when the thermal expansion and contraction strip (421) is heated and expanded, the closing plate (423) is driven to slide in a direction away from the injection channel (321), and the liquid outlet of the injection channel (321) is opened.

3. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control component (42) further comprises a filter screen (422), wherein the filter screen (422) is connected to the inner wall of the perfusion channel (321) close to the closed cavity (322), and the filter screen (422) can filter impurities in the oil.

4. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) is connected to a reflux component (5), the reflux component (5) comprising a second pump body (51), the base (1) being provided with an oil storage groove (11) on the surface facing the workpiece, the inner wall of the oil storage groove (11) being provided with a reflux flow channel (12), the oil inlet end of the second pump body (51) being connected to the inner wall of the reflux flow channel (12), the oil outlet end of the second pump body (51) being connected to the oil inlet end of an oil storage tank (411), the second pump body (51) driving the oil in the oil storage groove (11) back to the oil storage tank (411) through the reflux flow channel (12).

5. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reflux component (5) further comprises a screen (52), wherein the screen (52) is connected to the inner wall of the reflux channel (12), and the screen (52) can filter impurities in the oil.

6. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base (1) is connected to a guide nozzle (6), the air outlet end of the guide nozzle (6) faces the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, and air impacts the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece through the air outlet end of the guide nozzle (6), driving the oil to fully contact the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece and perform heat exchange.

7. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 6, characterized in that: The base (1) is connected to a guide assembly (7), the guide assembly (7) comprising a reciprocating screw (71) and a piston (72), the base (1) is provided with a guide cavity (13) for the reciprocating screw (71) to rotate, the piston (72) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the reciprocating screw (71), the piston (72) divides the guide cavity (13) into a guide section 1 (131) and a guide section 2 (132), the inner wall of the guide section 1 (131) is provided with a guide flow channel 1 (14), the guide channel one (14) is connected to the air inlet end of the guide nozzle (6), the inner wall of the guide section two (132) is provided with a guide channel two (15), and the guide channel two (15) penetrates the surface of the base (1), when the piston (72) slides along the axis of the reciprocating screw (71) toward the guide channel one (14), the air pressure in the guide channel one (14) increases, and the air in the guide channel one (14) is discharged through the air outlet end of the guide nozzle (6).

8. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base (1) is connected to a power assembly (8), the power assembly (8) comprising a power impeller (81) and a transmission member (82), the power impeller (81) being rotatably connected to the inner wall of the oil storage tank (11), the blades of the power impeller (81) facing the return flow channel (12), the oil in the oil storage tank (11) entering the return flow channel (12) impacts the blades of the power impeller (81), and drives the power impeller (81) to rotate, the transmission member (82) being connected between the transmission impeller and the reciprocating screw (71), the transmission member (82) being able to receive the power of the power impeller (81) and drive the reciprocating screw (71) to rotate.

9. The high-precision CNC lathe according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission member (82) comprises at least two transmission wheels (821) and a transmission belt (822) used in conjunction with the transmission wheels (821), wherein one of the transmission wheels (821) is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft of the power impeller (81), and the other transmission wheel (821) is coaxially connected to the reciprocating screw rod (71), and the transmission belt (822) is tensioned to connect the two transmission wheels (821).

10. Workpiece processing technology, characterized in that: The high-precision CNC lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, comprising the following steps: Workpiece placement: fix the workpiece on the spindle box (2); During workpiece machining, the moving part (31) slides along the surface of the base (1) toward the spindle box (2), the machining end of the cutting tool (32) abuts against the workpiece surface to be machined, the spindle box (2) drives the workpiece to rotate, and the cutting tool (32) cuts the workpiece surface to be machined. The cutting blade (32) is cooled, and the pump body (412) drives the oil in the oil storage tank (411) to be discharged from the injection flow channel (321) and impact the blade surface of the cutting blade (32) and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece.

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