Method and device for carrying out online active measurement on shaft workpiece with taper

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of on-line active measurement, and relates to a method and device for on-line active measurement of a shaft machining workpiece with taper. Firstly, a shaft workpiece with qualified taper needs to be machined to serve as a standard part, and the taper proportionality coefficient K of the standard part is input into a controller; zero setting is carried out on the end face measuring mechanism and the outer diameter measuring mechanism through a standard component; fixing the to-be-processed workpiece on a machine tool, measuring the reference surface of the to-be-processed workpiece, and recording the offset X between the reference surface of the to-be-processed workpiece and the reference surface of the standard component; then the offset X is input into a control instrument; the controller calculates by using a formula Y = KX to obtain a supplementary adjustment amount Y; the outer diameter measuring mechanism acts to measure the outer diameter of the measured conical surface of the workpiece to be machined in real time, and the machining allowance value M of the measured outer diameter is recorded in real time; and the controller outputs the actual real-time machining allowance Y + M to a machine tool numerical control system. According to the invention, the blank of on-line active measurement of the taper processing machine tool in the processing process of the shaft workpiece with the taper is filled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of online active measurement, and mainly relates to a method and a device for online active measurement of a shaft-type workpiece with a taper. Background Art

[0002] At present, in order to ensure accurate positioning and convenient disassembly during assembly and not affect the performance of the workpieces in various aspects during operation, some workpieces in the machinery industry are designed with a certain taper. For example, most of the tool holders used in the machining field are provided with a taper, and the taper of the tool holders is mostly 7:24; the taper of 1:5 is often used for easily removable parts; the taper of 1:10 is often used for the shaft ends of mechanical parts subjected to axial and lateral forces; however, the taper is not actively measured online during the production process, and other taper measurement methods are used. Although there are many methods on the market, there are still certain difficulties in detecting the taper. For example, the use of three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines and optical detectors is expensive, the cost is high, and the detection time is long, the efficiency is low, the operation is cumbersome, and the use is inconvenient; the coloring method is used, which is convenient The method is simple and low in cost, but the measurement accuracy depends on the workers' experience and is greatly affected by manual operation; the taper gauge is simple to operate and low in cost, but the accuracy is not high, the manual operation has a great impact, and the quality control is unstable; the positive gauge is high in precision and low in cost, but the operation is cumbersome, the efficiency is low, it is not suitable for mass production, and the quality control is unstable; in addition, the machining accuracy of high-precision external taper grinders at home and abroad at this stage is very high, which can reach 0.3μm; but in the machining process, with continuous grinding, it will cause continuous wear of cutting tools such as grinding wheels, and the amount of wear is unknown, which brings certain errors to the machining accuracy and makes the quality of workpiece products unstable; if the grinding wheel is frequently repaired during the machining process, although it will improve the machining quality, it will greatly reduce the machining efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for online active measurement of a taper shaft workpiece.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above-mentioned purpose: A method for online active measurement of a shaft workpiece with a taper, the method is a relative measurement method, firstly, a shaft workpiece with a qualified taper needs to be processed as a standard part, the standard part is clamped on a machine tool, an end face measuring mechanism is fixed at a position on the machine tool near the reference surface of the standard part, and is used to measure the reference surface of the standard part, an outer diameter measuring mechanism is fixed at any position of the taper surface of the standard part selected on the machine tool, and is used to measure the outer diameter of the cross section at the taper surface of the standard part, and the taper of the standard part is entered into a controller as a proportional coefficient K; the end face measuring mechanism is calibrated and zeroed with the reference surface of the standard part, and the outer diameter of the cross section of the selected taper surface at the taper surface of the standard part is calibrated and zeroed with the outer diameter measuring mechanism fixed on the machine tool; then the standard part is removed, and a workpiece to be processed of the same type as the standard part is clamped, firstly the end face measuring mechanism is moved to measure the reference surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the offset of the reference surface of the workpiece to be processed compared with the reference surface of the standard part is measured, which is recorded as X, in units of μm; then the offset X is automatically entered into the controller; After receiving the data, the controller uses the formula Y=KX to calculate the compensation amount Y, unit: μm; the compensation amount Y is automatically compensated by the controller to the outer diameter measuring mechanism; the outer diameter measuring mechanism always measures the outer diameter of the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed, the machine tool starts to process the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed, the angle of the conical surface is controlled by the machine tool, the outer diameter measuring mechanism records the machining allowance value M of the outer diameter at the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed in real time, and automatically enters the machining allowance value M into the controller in real time, after the controller receives the real-time machining allowance value M, it is added to the compensation amount Y, and the actual real-time machining allowance Y+M of the outer diameter at the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed is calculated, unit: μm; after reaching the signal point pre-set by the controller, the controller sends signals to the machine tool CNC system in sequence to control the movement of the machine tool until the machine tool processes the machining allowance of the outer diameter at the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed to zero, that is, the machining of the workpiece is completed, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the size of the workpiece.

[0005] Take the taper of the standard part as the proportional coefficient K. Before measuring different types of taper workpieces, first set it up: K=K1 / K2. The value range of K1 is -10 to +10, with a step size of 1. The ± sign is determined by the installation direction of the workpiece reference surface and the installation direction of the end face measuring mechanism on site. The value range of K2 is 1 to 100, with a step size of 1. The specific values ​​of K1 and K2 are the taper sizes to be processed in the taper workpiece drawing.

[0006] The present invention can also add an alarm function. The maximum value of the offset that the end face measuring mechanism allows to reach when measuring the reference surface of each workpiece to be processed can be manually set in advance. The setting value range is 100 to 1000, the unit is μm, and the step amount is 1. When the measured offset is greater than or equal to the set value, a signal is sent to the machine tool to remind that there is a problem with the workpiece. This function can be used for preliminary quality inspection of workpieces to reduce the scrap rate.

[0007] A device involved in an online active measurement method for a shaft-type workpiece with a taper includes an end face measuring mechanism and an outer diameter measuring mechanism both of which are connected to a controller; the end face measuring mechanism for end face measurement of a reference surface is fixed on a cylinder b, which is used for forward and backward driving and is fixed on a machine tool; the end face measuring mechanism has a cylinder; the output end of the cylinder is used to push away an end face measuring rod and a stator for measuring the reference surface to ensure that the end face measuring mechanism does not collide with the workpiece when entering the measuring station; the rear end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism for real-time measurement of the tapered surface of the workpiece to be processed is fixed on a cylinder a, which is used for forward and backward driving and is fixed on a machine tool; the front end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism is provided with an outer diameter measuring rod and a stator.

[0008] The outer diameter measuring rod measuring devices are two arranged one above the other.

[0009] The present invention proposes a method and device for online active measurement of a taper shaft workpiece. The above technical solution can continuously perform high-precision online active measurement of the workpiece size during the entire processing of the taper shaft workpiece, and send a signal to control the movement of the machine tool according to the change of the size, thereby realizing the detection and control of the processing size. The resolution of the device can be as high as 0.1μm, and the repeatability accuracy can be as high as within 1μm. It is used in large-scale processing and production processes, which can ensure the accuracy of the workpiece and the consistency of the workpiece quality, improve the measurability of the workpiece on site in the workshop, facilitate offline quality inspection, and reduce the labor of quality inspection after processing; The device is used for machining shaft workpieces with tapers without stopping the machine, manual operation or manual reading of dimensional data during the entire machining process, which greatly improves production efficiency, reduces labor intensity, does not require professional technical workers, reduces the difficulty of operation, and reduces the scrap rate; and the price is lower than many expensive measuring combinations and measuring instruments such as three-coordinate measuring instruments and optical detectors; therefore, the device for performing online active measurement of shaft workpieces with tapers during machining of machine tools of the present invention can be widely used in large-scale machining production processes; in addition, this invention also fills the gap in online active measurement of shaft workpieces with tapers during machining of taper machining machines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0011] In the figure: 1. workpiece to be processed; 2. outer diameter measuring rod and probe; 3. cylinder a; 4. outer diameter measuring mechanism; 5. connecting plate a; 6. cylinder b; 7. connecting plate b; 8. end face measuring mechanism; 9. cylinder; 10. bracket; 11. cylinder transition lever; 12. end face measuring rod and probe; 13. reference surface; 15. controller; 16. machine tool CNC system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: like Figure 1 As shown, a device for performing an online active measurement method for a taper shaft-type workpiece includes an end face measurement mechanism 8 and an outer diameter measurement mechanism 4 both of which are connected to a controller 15; the rear end face of the end face measurement mechanism 8 for performing end face measurement on a reference surface 13 is fixedly mounted on an oil cylinder b6 through a connecting plate b7; the oil cylinder b6 controls the forward and backward movements of the end face measurement mechanism; The end surface measuring mechanism 8 has a cylinder 9; the cylinder 9 is arranged on the side of the end surface measuring mechanism 8 through a bracket 10; the output end of the cylinder 9 acts on a cylinder transition lever 11 connected to an end surface measuring rod probe 12 for measuring a reference surface 13; the piston rod in the cylinder 9 extends and acts on the cylinder transition lever 11, and the cylinder transition lever 11 drives the end surface measuring rod probe 12 to open; the piston rod in the cylinder 9 retracts and the end surface measuring rod probe 12 resets itself; The rear end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 for real-time measurement of a certain outer diameter of the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed is fixed to the cylinder a3 on the machine tool through a connecting plate a5; the front end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 is provided with an outer diameter measuring rod 2; the outer diameter measuring rod 2 is two arranged up and down; the outer diameter measuring mechanism is a structure already existing in the prior art and will not be explained in detail here.

[0013] A method for online active measurement of a shaft workpiece with a taper, the method is a relative measurement method, firstly, a shaft workpiece with a qualified taper needs to be processed as a standard part, the standard part is clamped on a machine tool, an end face measuring mechanism 8 is fixed on the machine tool at a position close to the reference surface of the standard part, and is used to measure the reference surface of the standard part, an outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 is fixed at any position of the cone surface of the standard part selected on the machine tool, and is used to measure the outer diameter of the cross section at the cone surface of the standard part, and the taper of the standard part is entered into a controller 15 as a proportional coefficient K; the end face measuring mechanism 8 is calibrated and zeroed with the reference surface of the standard part, and the outer diameter of the selected cone cross section at the cone surface of the standard part is calibrated and zeroed with the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 fixed on the machine tool; then the standard part is removed, and a workpiece 1 to be processed of the same type as the standard part is clamped, and processing is started; due to the error in the depth of the center hole of the two end faces of the workpiece 1 to be processed, the workpieces of the same type but different parts to be processed will always be offset in the axial direction after clamping, and this problem must exist; When the machine tool sends a start signal, it first drives the oil cylinder b6 equipped with the end surface measuring mechanism 8 to move forward to the measuring station. After reaching the measuring station, the oil cylinder b6 is locked. The piston rod of the air cylinder 9 is retracted, and the end surface measuring rod and measuring device 12 are reset to contact with the reference surface 13 of the workpiece 1 to be processed for measurement. The offset between the reference surface of the workpiece to be processed and the reference surface of the standard part is measured, which is recorded as X in μm. Then the offset X is entered into the control instrument 15. After receiving the data, the control instrument 15 uses the formula Y=KX to calculate the compensation amount Y in μm. The adjustment amount Y is automatically adjusted by the controller 15 to the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4; then the end face measuring mechanism 8 exits the measuring station; the oil cylinder a3 equipped with the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 starts to move forward; the front end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 is provided with an outer diameter measuring rod 2 through a connecting piece; while the oil cylinder a3 drives the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 forward, the two outer diameter measuring rods 2 are pushed outward by the outer arc surface of the workpiece, and after the oil cylinder a3 equipped with the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 moves to the measuring station, the oil cylinder a3 is locked; the outer diameter The measuring rod and measuring device 2 contacts the workpiece surface to be measured, and the outer diameter measuring rod and measuring device 2 always measures the outer diameter of the measured position on the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed. The machine tool starts to process the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the angle of the conical surface is controlled by the machine tool. The outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 performs real-time measurement and records the real-time machining allowance value M of the outer diameter at the measured position on the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed, in units of μm; due to the reasons mentioned above, the workpiece to be processed 1 will be offset in the axial direction after clamping, so the machining allowance value "M" obtained at this time does not reflect the machining allowance reserved for the actual workpiece; machining The allowance value M is automatically entered into the controller 15. After receiving the machining allowance value M and the compensation adjustment amount Y, the controller 15 calculates that the actual machining allowance of the shaft workpiece to be machined is Y+M. During the machining process, after the actual machining allowance Y+M obtained in real time reaches the signal point pre-set by the controller 15, the controller 15 sends signals to the machine tool CNC system 16 in sequence to control the movement of the machine tool until the machine tool processes the machining allowance of the outer diameter at the measured position on the conical surface of the workpiece 1 to be machined to zero, thus completing the machining of the workpiece and achieving the purpose of controlling the taper size of the workpiece.

[0014] The device of the present invention is used for online active measurement. The end face of the workpiece measured by the end face measuring mechanism 8 is the reference surface of the workpiece; the outer diameter of the workpiece measured by the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 is the outer diameter at the large end face of the cone wall in the workpiece or the outer diameter at a certain cross section of the cone wall; with the end face measured by the end face measuring mechanism 8 as the reference, the position measured by the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 and the reference surface measured by the end face measuring mechanism 8 form a dimension chain; the end face measuring mechanism 8 first performs an end face measurement and then exits the measuring station, and at the same time transmits the measured end face position change to the control instrument 15, the control instrument automatically adjusts the obtained value after the algorithm processing to the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4, the outer diameter measuring mechanism 4 will always measure the size of the workpiece, and transmit its size change to the control instrument 15 at any time, and then the control instrument 15 sends rough grinding, fine grinding, light grinding, and size signals to the machine tool control system 16 at the pre-set signal point, and the machine tool control system 16 controls the feeding mechanism of the machine tool after receiving the signal, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the size of the workpiece.

[0015] Supplementary explanation of formula Y=KX: In the formula, K is the proportional coefficient. Before measuring different types of tapered workpieces, first set it up, K=K1 / K2, K1 value range -10~+10, step size 1, ± sign is determined by the installation direction of the workpiece reference surface and the installation direction of the end face measuring mechanism on site, K2 value range 1~100, step size 1, the specific values ​​of K1 and K2 are the taper size to be processed in the taper workpiece drawing; for example, if the taper size of the workpiece in the drawing is 1:10, then K1=1 or -1, K2=10, then K=1 / 10 or -1 / 10; independent variable X is the offset measured at the end face device after the workpiece is replaced (offset X can be positive or negative), unit: μm; dependent variable Y is the compensation adjustment to the outer diameter device (compensation adjustment Y can be positive or negative), unit: μm; The present invention can also add an alarm function. The maximum value of the offset that the end face measuring mechanism allows to reach when measuring the reference surface of each workpiece to be processed can be manually set in advance. The setting value range is 100 to 1000, the unit is μm, and the step amount is 1. When the measured offset is greater than or equal to the set value, a signal is sent to the machine tool to remind that there is a problem with the workpiece. This function can be used for preliminary quality inspection of workpieces to reduce the scrap rate.

[0016] The present invention mainly organically combines an end face measuring mechanism and an outer diameter measuring mechanism into one, and realizes active online measurement of taper through the measuring method disclosed in the present invention. The outer diameter measuring mechanism, end face measuring mechanism, controller and machine tool numerical control system are all mature structures in the prior art, and their specific structures are not described in detail here; the outer diameter measuring mechanism and end face measuring mechanism both adopt the structure of the outer diameter measuring device and single-point measuring device produced by Luoyang Zhong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.

Claims

1. A method for online active measurement of a taper shaft workpiece, characterized in that: The method is a relative measurement method. First, a shaft workpiece with a qualified taper needs to be processed as a standard part. The standard part is clamped on a machine tool. The end face measuring mechanism is fixed on the machine tool at a position close to the reference surface of the standard part to measure the reference surface of the standard part. The outer diameter measuring mechanism is fixed at any position of the cone surface of the standard part on the machine tool to measure the outer diameter of the cross section at the cone surface of the standard part. The taper of the standard part is recorded in the controller as a proportional coefficient K. The end face measuring mechanism is calibrated and zeroed with the reference surface of the standard part. The outer diameter of the cross section of the cone surface selected at the cone surface of the standard part is used to calibrate and zero the outer diameter measuring mechanism fixed on the machine tool. Then, the standard part is removed and a workpiece to be processed of the same type as the standard part is clamped. First, the end face measuring mechanism is moved to measure the reference surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the offset of the reference surface of the workpiece to be processed compared with the reference surface of the standard part is measured, which is recorded as X, in μm. Then, the offset X is automatically recorded in the controller. After the controller receives the data, the formula is used Y=KX is calculated to obtain the compensation amount Y, unit: μm; the compensation amount Y is automatically compensated by the controller to the outer diameter measuring mechanism; the outer diameter measuring mechanism always measures the outer diameter of the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed, the machine tool starts to process the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed, the angle of the conical surface is controlled by the machine tool, the outer diameter measuring mechanism records the machining allowance value M of the outer diameter at the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed in real time, and automatically enters the machining allowance value M into the controller in real time, after the controller receives the real-time machining allowance value M, it is added to the compensation amount Y, and the actual real-time machining allowance Y+M of the outer diameter at the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed is calculated, unit: μm; after reaching the signal point pre-set by the controller, the controller sends signals to the machine tool CNC system in sequence to control the movement of the machine tool until the machine tool processes the machining allowance of the outer diameter at the measured position at the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed to zero, that is, the machining of the workpiece is completed, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the size of the workpiece.

2. The method for performing online active measurement on a taper shaft workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: Take the taper of the standard part as the proportional coefficient K. Before measuring different types of taper workpieces, first set it up: K=K1 / K2. The value range of K1 is -10 to +10, with a step size of 1. The ± sign is determined by the installation direction of the workpiece reference surface and the installation direction of the end face measuring mechanism on site. The value range of K2 is 1 to 100, with a step size of 1. The specific values ​​of K1 and K2 are the taper sizes to be processed in the taper workpiece drawing.

3. The method for online active measurement of a taper shaft workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: An alarm function can also be added. The maximum value of the offset that the end face measuring mechanism allows to measure on the reference surface of each workpiece to be processed can be manually set in advance. The setting value range is 100 to 1000, the unit is μm, and the step amount is 1. When the measured offset is greater than or equal to the set value, a signal is sent to the machine tool to remind that there is a problem with the workpiece. This function can be used for preliminary workpiece quality inspection to reduce the scrap rate.

4. A device involved in an online active measurement method for a taper shaft workpiece, characterized in that: It includes an end face measuring mechanism and an outer diameter measuring mechanism both of which are connected to a controller; the end face measuring mechanism for end face measurement of a reference surface is fixed on a cylinder b, which is used for forward and backward driving and is fixed on a machine tool; the end face measuring mechanism has a cylinder; the output end of the cylinder is used to push away an end face measuring rod and a stator for measuring the reference surface to ensure that the end face measuring mechanism does not collide with the workpiece when entering the measuring station; the rear end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism for real-time measurement of the conical surface of the workpiece to be processed is fixed on a cylinder a, which is used for forward and backward driving and is fixed on a machine tool; the front end of the outer diameter measuring mechanism is provided with an outer diameter measuring rod and a stator.

5. The device for performing online active measurement on a taper shaft workpiece according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer diameter measuring rod measuring devices are two arranged one above the other.

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