Organic fertilizer for improving sandy soil and increasing crop yield as well as preparation method and application of organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides an organic fertilizer for improving sandy soil and increasing crop yield as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The invention provides an organic fertilizer which is prepared from 20-25 parts of coal cinder ash, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of decomposed straw and 10-15 parts of fermented manure, and through a secondary fermentation mode, the prepared organic fertilizer can remarkably improve the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil, increase the yield of crops and reduce labor and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to an organic fertilizer for improving sandy soil and increasing crop yield, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sandy soil refers to soil with high sand content, coarse particles, fast water infiltration, poor water retention and good ventilation. It has high sand content, coarse particles, small specific surface area and many large pores between particles. Therefore, the soil has good ventilation and water permeability, and the soil body has smooth drainage, which is not easy to cause waterlogging, waterlogging and upper stagnant water.

[0003] Sandy soil contains more sand particles and less clay particles, and the gaps between particles are relatively large, so it has weak water storage capacity and poor drought resistance. Due to the lack of clay particles (inorganic colloids) and organic colloids, it has poor fertilizer retention. In agriculture, a large amount of fertilization and watering are often required to meet the growth needs of crops. Therefore, improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil, reducing the amount of fertilizers and watering times, can significantly reduce labor and costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil and increase the yield of crops.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides an organic fertilizer, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 25 parts of coal slag ash, 3 to 5 parts of microbial agents, 10 to 15 parts of plant ash, 15 to 20 parts of decomposed straws, and 10 to 15 parts of fermented feces.

[0007] Preferably, the microbial agent is compounded by Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Trichoderma in a mass ratio of 3-4:1-2:1-2.

[0008] Preferably, the method for preparing the decomposed straw is: crush the straw, pile it, water it until the moisture content of the straw is 40-50%, cover it with plastic film, ferment it for 3-5 days, turn the pile, water it until the moisture content of the straw is 55-65%, cover it with plastic film and continue fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the decomposed straw.

[0009] Preferably, the straw is crushed to less than 5 cm, the stack is 2 to 3 m long and wide, and 1 to 1.5 m high, and the straw is corn or wheat straw;

[0010] Preferably, the fermented feces is fermented cow dung, and the fermentation method is to pile up the cow dung, add water and ferment for 10 to 15 days.

[0011] Preferably, the stacked pile is 1 to 1.5 meters long and wide, and 0.8 to 1.2 meters high, and the water is added to a moisture content of 60 to 70%;

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0013] 1) mixing the microbial agent, wood ash, decomposed straw and fermented feces, adding water, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain a mixed material;

[0014] 2) The mixed material is mixed with coal slag ash and then dried to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), water is added to adjust the water content to 45-55%; the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 40-50° C. and the time is 5-7 days.

[0016] The present invention also provides an application of the above fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the above preparation method, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied to the land as a base fertilizer 2 to 3 months before planting crops, and rotary tillage is performed using a rotary tiller.

[0017] Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 80-100 kg / mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-40 cm.

[0018] The organic fertilizer provided by the present invention is first fermented separately on straw and cow dung, and then mixed with microbial agents and wood ash for secondary fermentation. This fermentation method not only ensures that the straw and cow dung can be fully fermented, but also reduces the loss of nutrients during the fermentation process. The organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and can also increase crop yields, reduce the number of fertilization and watering, and greatly reduce costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] Preparation method of organic fertilizer:

[0022] 1) The straw is crushed by a crusher to a length of less than 5 cm, and the crushed straw is piled into a pile with a length and width of 2 m and a height of 1.5 m. Water is sprinkled until the moisture content of the straw is 45%, and the pile is turned appropriately during watering to ensure uniform water penetration, covered with plastic film, and sealed for fermentation for 5 days. After turning the pile, water is sprinkled until the moisture content of the straw is 60%, covered with plastic film, and fermentation is continued for 5 days to obtain decomposed straw.

[0023] 2) The cow dung is piled into a pile with a length, width and height of 1.5 meters, and a height of 1 meter, and water is added to the pile until the moisture content is 65%. The pile is naturally piled and fermented for 14 days to obtain fermented feces.

[0024] 3) Take 5 parts of microbial agent, 15 parts of wood ash, 20 parts of decomposed straw, and 15 parts of fermented cow dung, mix them evenly, add water to adjust the moisture content to 50%, perform anaerobically fermentation at 50° C. for 7 days, and then add 25 parts of coal slag ash and mix evenly to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0025] The microbial agent was prepared by compounding Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Trichoderma in a mass ratio of 3:1:1. The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis was ≥ 500 million cfu / g (purchased from Hebei Xiangniu Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), and the effective viable bacteria count of yeast was ≥ 1.0×10 7 cfu / g (purchased from Hebei Huapin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and the effective viable count of Trichoderma was ≥1 billion cfu / g (purchased from Shandong Kunlanbinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0026] Example 2

[0027] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 1), the straw is crushed into a length of less than 5 cm using a crusher, the crushed straw is piled into a pile with a length and width of 2 m and a height of 1.5 m, water is poured until the moisture content of the straw is 45%, covered with plastic film, sealed and fermented for 10 days to obtain decomposed straw.

[0028] Example 3

[0029] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 2), the cow dung is piled into a pile with a length, width and height of 1.5 meters, and a height of 1 meter, water is added to the pile until the moisture content is 65%, the pile is turned over every 2 days, and fermented for 14 days to obtain fermented cow dung.

[0030] Example 4

[0031] The difference from Example 1 is that the separate fermentation steps of step 1) and step 2) are not performed. The microbial agent, plant ash, crushed straw and cow dung are directly mixed, water is added to adjust the water content to 50%, anaerobically fermented at 50° C. for 15 days, and 25 parts of coal slag ash are added and mixed to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0032] Test Example 1

[0033] A sandy soil plot was selected and divided into 5 plots, marked as 1 to 5, wherein plots 1 to 4 were applied with the organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 4, respectively, and plot 5 was used as a control group without fertilizer application, and corn (variety Denghai 605) was conventionally planted.

[0034] The fertilization method was to apply 80 kg of fertilizer per mu two months before the planting of crops, and use a rotary tiller to till the soil to a depth of 30 cm. The control group was not fertilized and only rotary tilled.

[0035] 1. Determination of soil moisture content: 24h, 72h, and 168h after watering, take soil at a depth of 20-30cm. Randomly sample 5 locations in each plot of land and use a moisture meter to test the soil moisture content. Calculate the average moisture content. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0036] Table 1 Soil moisture content

[0037]

[0038] As shown in Table 1, after applying the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1, the water content in the soil of plot 1 was significantly higher than that of other plots 24h, 72h and 168h after watering, indicating that the organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the water retention rate of the soil. Among them, the organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 2, 3 and 4 can also improve the water retention rate of the soil to a certain extent, but after changing the fermentation mode of the decomposed straw and fermented cow dung, the effect of improving the water retention rate of the soil becomes worse, indicating that the fermentation mode of the present invention further improves the effect of the organic fertilizer on improving the water retention rate of the soil.

[0039] 2. Soil fertility was measured by taking soil samples at a depth of 20 to 30 cm before fertilization, before corn planting and after harvest. Five random samples were taken from each plot to test the soil organic matter content (potassium dichromate volumetric method). The average organic matter content was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0040] Table 2 Soil organic matter content

[0041]

[0042] As shown in Table 2, the organic matter content in plot 1 before corn planting is significantly higher than that before fertilization, indicating that after applying the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1, after two months of decomposition in the soil, the content of organic matter in the soil is significantly increased, and the fertility of the soil is improved; and compared with other plots, the organic matter content of the soil in plot 1 is higher, indicating that the organic fertilizer prepared according to the method of the present invention can more effectively improve the fertility of the soil. According to the measurement results of the organic matter content in the soil after corn harvest, the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 can more effectively improve the soil's retention rate of organic matter, remove the nutrients absorbed by corn, and significantly reduce the loss of organic matter in the soil. It shows that the organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the fertility and fertilizer retention rate of the soil. Among them, the organic fertilizer prepared in Examples 2, 3 and 4 can also improve the fertility and fertilizer retention rate of the soil to a certain extent, but after changing the fermentation mode of decomposed straw and fermented cow dung, its effect on improving soil fertility and fertilizer retention rate becomes worse, indicating that the fermentation mode of the present invention further improves the effect of improving soil fertility and fertilizer retention rate of organic fertilizer.

[0043] 3. After corn was harvested, the yield of different plots was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0044] Table 3 Corn yield

[0045] Plots 1 2 3 4 5 Yield kg / mu 895 814 633 753 673

[0046] As shown in Table 3, the corn yield of plot 1 is significantly improved, which is 33% higher than that of plot 5 (control group), indicating that the organic fertilizer prepared by Example 1 of the present invention can increase crop yield. Although the organic fertilizers prepared by Examples 2 and 4 can also increase crop yield to a certain extent, the effect is weaker than that of the organic fertilizer prepared by Example 1, which shows that after changing the fermentation mode of decomposed straw and fermented cow dung, the effect of increasing crop yield is reduced. It shows that the fermentation mode of the present invention further improves the effect of organic fertilizer on increasing crop yield. Among them, the fertilizer prepared by Example 3 is frequently turned over during the fermentation process, resulting in the fermentation temperature not reaching the required cow dung fermentation is not thorough, so that the obtained organic fertilizer causes the soil to become acidic and carries pathogens, which leads to a decrease in corn yield.

[0047] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the organic fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil, and can effectively improve the fertility of sandy soil and increase the yield of crops.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 25 parts of coal cinder ash, 3 to 5 parts of microbial agents, 10 to 15 parts of plant ash, 15 to 20 parts of decomposed straws and 10 to 15 parts of fermented feces.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The microbial agent is compounded by bacillus subtilis, yeast and trichoderma in a mass ratio of 3-4:1-2:1-2.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for preparing the decomposed straw comprises the following steps: crushing the straw, piling it, watering it until the moisture content of the straw is 40-50%, covering it with plastic film, fermenting it for 3-5 days, turning the pile, watering it until the moisture content of the straw is 55-65%, covering it with plastic film and continuing to ferment it for 3-5 days to obtain the decomposed straw.

4. The organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The straw is crushed to less than 5 cm, the stacked pile is 2 to 3 m long and wide and 1 to 1.5 m high, and the straw is corn straw or wheat straw.

5. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermented feces is fermented cow dung, and the fermentation method is to pile up the cow dung and then add water to ferment for 10 to 15 days.

6. The organic fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that The pile body is 1-1.5 m long and wide and 0.8-1.2 m high. Water is added until the water content of the cow dung reaches 60-70%.

7. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) mixing the microbial agent, wood ash, decomposed straw and fermented feces, adding water, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain a mixed material; 2) The mixed material is mixed with coal slag ash and then dried to obtain an organic fertilizer.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 1), water is added to adjust the water content to 45-55%; the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 40-50° C. and the time is 5-7 days.

9. Use of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is applied to the land as base fertilizer 2 to 3 months before planting crops, and rotary tillage is performed using a rotary tiller.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 80-100 kg / mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-40 cm.

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