Self-adaptive rigidity-adjustable multi-cavity air spring

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive rigidity-adjustable multi-cavity air spring. The upper end of an upper piston and an upper end cover are fixed in a welded mode and sealed in the circumferential direction, and the lower end of a lower piston and a lower end cover are fixed in a welded mode and sealed in the circumferential direction; the upper end of the first bag skin and the lower end of the upper piston are fixed and circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the first bag skin and the lower end cover are fixed and circumferentially sealed, and a first cavity is defined by the upper piston, the first bag skin and the lower end cover; the upper end of the second bag skin and the upper end cover are fixed and sealed in the circumferential direction, the lower end of the second bag skin and the upper end of the lower piston are fixed and sealed in the circumferential direction, and a second cavity is defined by the upper end cover, the second bag skin, the lower piston and the first bag skin; the upper end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the upper end cover and is sealed in the circumferential direction, the lower end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the upper piston and is sealed in the circumferential direction, a first vent hole is formed in the upper piston located below the electromagnetic valve, a third cavity is defined by the upper end cover, the upper piston and the electromagnetic valve, and a second vent hole is formed in the side wall of the upper piston; the rigidity adjusting mechanism has the advantage of being large in rigidity adjusting range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of air springs, and in particular to an adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-cavity air spring. Background Art

[0002] The air spring is a spring that is filled with air in the air chamber, using compressed air as the elastic medium to provide good vehicle ride comfort.

[0003] Air springs are divided into single-chamber and multi-chamber according to the number of air chambers. The volume of a single-chamber air spring is fixed, so the stiffness cannot be changed. The air chamber of a multi-chamber air spring contains a main chamber and multiple sub-chambers. By switching the sub-chambers and the main chambers on and off, a variety of volumes can be combined to achieve air spring stiffness adjustment.

[0004] The working mode of a multi-chamber air spring is usually switched according to road conditions and driving modes, but mainstream multi-chamber air springs generally have only one sub-chamber and therefore can only provide two stiffness curves. The three-chamber air spring is limited by the volume of the sub-chamber and thus has the disadvantage of a smaller stiffness adjustment amount. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-cavity air spring with adaptive stiffness adjustment, which can improve the adjustable stiffness range of the air spring.

[0006] The present invention provides an adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring, comprising an upper end cover, a lower end cover, an upper piston, a lower piston, a first bladder skin, a second bladder skin and an electromagnetic valve; the upper end of the upper piston is welded and fixed to the upper end cover and circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the lower piston is welded and fixed to the lower end cover and circumferentially sealed; the first bladder skin is arranged on the inner side of the second bladder skin, the upper end of the first bladder skin is fixed to the lower end of the upper piston and circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the first bladder skin is fixed to the lower end cover and circumferentially sealed, the upper piston, the first bladder skin and the lower end cover form a first cavity, and the lower end cover is fixed with a first air nozzle connected to the first cavity; the upper end of the second bladder skin is fixed to the upper end cover and circumferentially sealed Circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the second bladder skin is fixed to the upper end of the lower piston and circumferentially sealed, the upper end cover, the second bladder skin, the lower piston and the first bladder skin form a second cavity, and the upper end cover is fixed with a second air nozzle connected to the second cavity; the upper end of the solenoid valve is connected to the upper end cover and circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the solenoid valve is connected to the upper piston and circumferentially sealed, a first air vent is provided on the upper piston below the solenoid valve, the upper end cover, the upper piston and the solenoid valve form a third cavity, and a second air vent for connecting the second cavity and the third cavity is provided on the side wall of the upper piston; when the solenoid valve is opened, the first air vent is used to connect the third cavity and the first cavity.

[0007] The present invention forms a double-chamber air spring through a first bladder skin and a second bladder skin, the first cavity forms an independent first air chamber, the second cavity and the third cavity are always connected through the second vent hole and together form a second air chamber, and the first air chamber and the second air chamber are controlled on and off by a solenoid valve; when the solenoid valve is closed, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are in an independent working state, at this time, it can be equivalent to a mode of two air springs in parallel, that is, the stiffness of the air spring is the sum of the stiffness provided by the first air chamber and the second air chamber, thereby improving the stiffness of the air spring; when the solenoid valve is opened, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are connected through the first vent hole, at this time, the air spring The volume is the sum of the volumes of the first air chamber and the second air chamber, that is, the stiffness of the air spring is the lowest; in addition, when the solenoid valve is in a closed state, that is, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are in an independent working state, and after the first air nozzle is connected to the external air source, and the second air nozzle is connected to the external air source, the external air source can independently adjust the air pressure in the first air chamber and the second air chamber, thereby realizing the adjustment of the stiffness of the air spring; in addition, under the action of the first bladder skin, the volume of the first air chamber is variable, and under the action of the second bladder skin, the volume of the second air chamber is variable, thereby increasing the adjustable range of the stiffness of the air spring, that is, having the advantage of a large adjustable range of the stiffness of the air spring.

[0008] In a possible embodiment, a first air pressure sensor for detecting the air pressure in the first cavity is fixed on the lower end cover; a second air pressure sensor for detecting the air pressure in the second cavity is fixed on the upper end cover; by adopting this structure, after the first air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the external controller, and after the first air nozzle is connected to the external air source, under the action of the first air pressure sensor, the external controller can accurately detect the air pressure in the first cavity, and under the action of the external controller and the air source, can accurately control the air pressure in the first cavity; similarly, after the second air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the external controller, and after the second air nozzle is connected to the external air source, under the action of the second air pressure sensor, the external controller can accurately detect the air pressure in the second cavity, and under the action of the external controller and the air source, can accurately control the air pressure in the second cavity; that is, accurate control and rapid adjustment of the stiffness of the air spring can be achieved.

[0009] In a possible embodiment, a first annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the lower end of the upper piston, the upper end of the first bladder skin is inserted into the first annular groove, and the upper end of the first bladder skin is pressed against the side wall of the first annular groove by a first upper buckling ring; after adopting this structure, under the action of the first upper buckling ring, the upper end of the first bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the lower end of the upper piston. In addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the upper end of the first bladder skin and the lower end of the upper piston, a plurality of first annular convex teeth spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the first annular groove, thereby increasing the friction between the upper end of the first bladder skin and the side wall of the first annular groove, that is, it can further prevent the upper end of the first bladder skin from detaching from the upper piston.

[0010] In a possible embodiment, a first annular step is provided on the lower end cover, the lower end of the first bladder skin is inserted into the first annular step, and the lower end of the first bladder skin is pressed against the side wall of the first annular step by a first lower buckling ring; after adopting this structure, under the action of the first lower buckling ring, the lower end of the first bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the lower end cover, and in addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the lower end of the first bladder skin and the lower end cover, a plurality of first annular serrations spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the first annular step, thereby increasing the friction between the lower end of the first bladder skin and the side wall of the first annular step, that is, it can further prevent the lower end of the first bladder skin from detaching from the lower end cover.

[0011] In a possible embodiment, a first lining ring is sleeved on the outside of the first lower buckling ring, and the upper end of the first lining ring abuts against the outer bottom of the first bladder skin; through the provision of the first lining ring, the first lining ring can support the first bladder skin, thereby improving the pressure-bearing capacity of the first bladder skin, and the first lining ring can provide circumferential support for the first lower buckling ring, thereby improving the reliability and firmness of the first lower buckling ring in pressing the lower end of the first bladder skin onto the side wall of the first annular step, so as to further prevent the lower end of the first bladder skin from detaching from the lower end cover.

[0012] In a possible embodiment, a second annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the lower piston, the lower end of the second bladder skin is inserted into the second annular groove, and the lower end of the second bladder skin is pressed against the side wall of the second annular groove by a second lower buckling ring; after adopting this structure, under the action of the second lower buckling ring, the lower end of the second bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the upper end of the lower piston. In addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the lower end of the second bladder skin and the upper end of the lower piston, a plurality of second annular convex teeth spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the second annular groove, thereby increasing the friction between the lower end of the second bladder skin and the side wall of the second annular groove, that is, the lower end of the second bladder skin can be further prevented from being separated from the lower piston.

[0013] In a possible embodiment, a second annular step is provided on the upper end cover, the upper end of the second bladder skin is inserted into the second annular step, and the upper end of the second bladder skin is pressed against the side wall of the second annular step by a second upper buckling ring; after adopting this structure, under the action of the second upper buckling ring, the upper end of the second bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the upper end cover, and in addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the upper end of the second bladder skin and the upper end cover, a plurality of second annular serrations spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the second annular step, thereby increasing the friction between the upper end of the second bladder skin and the side wall of the second annular step, that is, it can further prevent the upper end of the second bladder skin from detaching from the upper end cover.

[0014] In a possible embodiment, a second lining ring is sleeved on the outside of the second upper buckling ring, and the lower end of the second lining ring abuts against the outer top of the second bladder skin; through the provision of the second lining ring, the second lining ring can support the second bladder skin, thereby improving the pressure-bearing capacity of the second bladder skin, and the second lining ring can provide circumferential support for the second upper buckling ring, thereby improving the reliability and firmness of the second upper buckling ring in pressing the upper end of the second bladder skin onto the side wall of the second annular step, so as to further prevent the upper end of the second bladder skin from detaching from the upper end cover.

[0015] In a possible embodiment, a slot is provided on the upper piston located above the first air vent, and the lower end of the solenoid valve is inserted into the slot and is circumferentially sealed with the slot by a first sealing ring; the upper end of the solenoid valve is inserted into the lower end of the upper end cover and is circumferentially sealed with the upper end cover by a second sealing ring; a retaining spring is fitted on the inner wall of the upper end cover, and the inner edge of the retaining spring abuts against the upper end of the solenoid valve to press the solenoid valve against the slot; after adopting this structure, under the action of the retaining spring, the retaining spring can reliably press the solenoid valve against the slot, that is, it can achieve reliable fixation of the solenoid valve, and in addition, under the action of the first sealing ring, the first sealing ring can reliably seal the gap between the lower end of the solenoid valve and the slot, and under the action of the second sealing ring, the second sealing ring can reliably seal the gap between the upper end of the solenoid valve and the upper end cover.

[0016] In a possible embodiment, the adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring also includes a dust cover, which is arranged on the outside of the second bladder skin and is gap-matched with the second bladder skin. The upper end of the dust cover is fixed to the outer edge of the upper end cover and circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the dust cover is fixed to the outer edge of the lower end cover and circumferentially sealed. Through the setting of the dust cover, the dust cover can prevent dust from entering the inner side of the dust cover, that is, it can prevent dust from adhering to the upper piston, the lower piston, the first bladder skin and the second bladder skin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] First, those skilled in the art should understand that these implementations are only used to explain the technical principles of the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments to them as needed to adapt to specific application scenarios.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0021] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] See also Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present application discloses an adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring, comprising an upper end cover 1, a lower end cover 2, an upper piston 3, a lower piston 4, a first bladder skin 5, a second bladder skin 6 and a solenoid valve 7; the upper end of the upper piston 3 is welded and fixed to the upper end cover 1 and circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the lower piston 4 is welded and fixed to the lower end cover 2 and circumferentially sealed; the first bladder skin 5 is arranged on the inner side of the second bladder skin 6, the upper end of the first bladder skin 5 is fixed to the lower end of the upper piston 3 and circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the first bladder skin 5 is fixed to the lower end cover 2 and circumferentially sealed, the upper piston 3, the first bladder skin 5 and the lower end cover 2 surround a first cavity 8, and a first air nozzle 21 connected to the first cavity 8 is fixed on the lower end cover 2; the upper end of the second bladder skin 6 is fixed to the upper end cover 1 and circumferentially sealed Sealed, the lower end of the second bladder skin 6 is fixed to the upper end of the lower piston 4 and circumferentially sealed, the upper end cover 1, the second bladder skin 6, the lower piston 4 and the first bladder skin 5 form a second cavity 9, and the upper end cover 1 is fixed with a second air nozzle 11 connected with the second cavity 9; the upper end of the solenoid valve 7 is connected to the upper end cover 1 and circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the solenoid valve 7 is connected to the upper piston 3 and circumferentially sealed, and the upper piston 3 located below the solenoid valve 7 is provided with a first vent hole 31, the upper end cover 1, the upper piston 3 and the solenoid valve 7 form a third cavity 10, and the side wall of the upper piston 3 is provided with a second vent hole 32 for connecting the second cavity 9 and the third cavity 10; when the solenoid valve 7 is opened, the first vent hole 31 is used to connect the third cavity 10 and the first cavity 8.

[0023] A first air pressure sensor 22 for detecting the air pressure in the first cavity 8 is fixed on the lower end cover 2; a second air pressure sensor 12 for detecting the air pressure in the second cavity 9 is fixed on the upper end cover 1; by adopting this structure, after the first air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the external controller, and after the first air nozzle is connected to the external air source, under the action of the first air pressure sensor, the external controller can accurately detect the air pressure in the first cavity, and under the action of the external controller and the air source, can accurately control the air pressure in the first cavity; similarly, after the second air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the external controller, and after the second air nozzle is connected to the external air source, under the action of the second air pressure sensor, the external controller can accurately detect the air pressure in the second cavity, and under the action of the external controller and the air source, can accurately control the air pressure in the second cavity; that is, accurate control and rapid adjustment of the stiffness of the air spring can be achieved.

[0024] A first annular groove 33 is provided on the outer wall of the lower end of the upper piston 3, and the upper end of the first bladder skin 5 is inserted into the first annular groove 33, and the upper end of the first bladder skin 5 is pressed against the side wall of the first annular groove 33 by the first upper buckling ring 51; after adopting this structure, under the action of the first upper buckling ring, the upper end of the first bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the lower end of the upper piston. In addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the upper end of the first bladder skin and the lower end of the upper piston, a plurality of first annular convex teeth spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the first annular groove, thereby increasing the friction between the upper end of the first bladder skin and the side wall of the first annular groove, that is, it can further prevent the upper end of the first bladder skin from detaching from the upper piston.

[0025] A first annular step 23 is provided on the lower end cover 2, and the lower end of the first bladder skin 5 is inserted into the first annular step 23, and the lower end of the first bladder skin 5 is pressed against the side wall of the first annular step 23 through the first lower buckling ring 52; after adopting this structure, under the action of the first lower buckling ring, the lower end of the first bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the lower end cover. In addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the lower end of the first bladder skin and the lower end cover, a plurality of first annular serrations spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the first annular step, thereby increasing the friction between the lower end of the first bladder skin and the side wall of the first annular step, that is, it can further prevent the lower end of the first bladder skin from detaching from the lower end cover.

[0026] The first lower buckling ring 52 is externally sleeved with a first lining ring 53, and the upper end of the first lining ring 53 abuts against the outer bottom of the first bladder skin 5; through the provision of the first lining ring, the first lining ring can support the first bladder skin, thereby improving the pressure-bearing capacity of the first bladder skin, and the first lining ring can provide circumferential support for the first lower buckling ring, thereby improving the reliability and firmness of the first lower buckling ring in pressing the lower end of the first bladder skin onto the side wall of the first annular step, so as to further prevent the lower end of the first bladder skin from detaching from the lower end cover.

[0027] A second annular groove 41 is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the lower piston 4, and the lower end of the second bladder skin 6 is inserted into the second annular groove 41, and the lower end of the second bladder skin 6 is pressed against the side wall of the second annular groove 41 by the second lower buckling ring 61; after adopting this structure, under the action of the second lower buckling ring, the lower end of the second bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the upper end of the lower piston. In addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the lower end of the second bladder skin and the upper end of the lower piston, a plurality of second annular convex teeth spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the second annular groove, thereby increasing the friction between the lower end of the second bladder skin and the side wall of the second annular groove, that is, it can further prevent the lower end of the second bladder skin from detaching from the lower piston.

[0028] A second annular step 13 is provided on the upper end cover 1, and the upper end of the second bladder skin 6 is inserted into the second annular step 13, and the upper end of the second bladder skin 6 is pressed against the side wall of the second annular step 13 by the second upper buckling ring 62; after adopting this structure, under the action of the second upper buckling ring, the upper end of the second bladder skin can be reliably fixed on the upper end cover. In addition, in order to improve the fixing firmness between the upper end of the second bladder skin and the upper end cover, a plurality of second annular serrations spaced apart in the vertical direction are provided on the side wall of the second annular step, thereby increasing the friction between the upper end of the second bladder skin and the side wall of the second annular step, that is, it can further prevent the upper end of the second bladder skin from detaching from the upper end cover.

[0029] The second upper buckling ring 62 is externally sleeved with a second lining ring 63, and the lower end of the second lining ring 63 abuts against the outer top of the second bladder skin 6; through the provision of the second lining ring, the second lining ring can support the second bladder skin, thereby improving the pressure-bearing capacity of the second bladder skin, and the second lining ring can provide circumferential support for the second upper buckling ring, thereby improving the reliability and firmness of the second upper buckling ring in pressing the upper end of the second bladder skin onto the side wall of the second annular step, so as to further prevent the upper end of the second bladder skin from detaching from the upper end cover.

[0030] A slot 34 is provided on the upper piston 3 located above the first vent hole 31, and the lower end of the solenoid valve 7 is inserted into the slot 34 and is circumferentially sealed with the slot 34 through a first sealing ring 71; the upper end of the solenoid valve 7 is inserted into the lower end of the upper end cover 1 and is circumferentially sealed with the upper end cover 1 through a second sealing ring 72; a retaining spring 14 is fitted and clamped on the inner wall of the upper end cover 1, and the inner edge of the retaining spring 14 abuts against the upper end of the solenoid valve 7 to press the solenoid valve 7 against the slot 34; after adopting this structure, under the action of the retaining spring, the retaining spring can reliably press the solenoid valve against the slot, that is, it can achieve reliable fixation of the solenoid valve, in addition, under the action of the first sealing ring, the first sealing ring can reliably seal the gap between the lower end of the solenoid valve and the slot, and under the action of the second sealing ring, the second sealing ring can reliably seal the gap between the upper end of the solenoid valve and the upper end cover.

[0031] The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring also includes a dust cover 20, which is sleeved on the outside of the second bladder skin 6 and is gap-fitted with the second bladder skin 6. The upper end of the dust cover 20 is fixed to the outer edge of the upper end cover 1 and circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the dust cover 20 is fixed to the outer edge of the lower end cover 2 and circumferentially sealed. Through the setting of the dust cover, the dust cover can prevent dust from entering the inner side of the dust cover, that is, it can prevent dust from adhering to the upper piston, the lower piston, the first bladder skin and the second bladder skin.

[0032] The present invention forms a double-chamber air spring through a first bladder skin and a second bladder skin, the first cavity forms an independent first air chamber, the second cavity and the third cavity are always connected through the second vent hole and together form a second air chamber, and the first air chamber and the second air chamber are controlled on and off by an electromagnetic valve; when the electromagnetic valve is closed, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are in an independent working state, at this time, it can be equivalent to a mode of two air springs in parallel, that is, the stiffness of the air spring is the sum of the stiffness provided by the first air chamber and the second air chamber, thereby improving the stiffness of the air spring; when the electromagnetic valve is opened, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are connected through the first vent hole At this time, the volume of the air spring is the sum of the volumes of the first air chamber and the second air chamber, that is, the stiffness of the air spring is the lowest; in addition, when the solenoid valve is in a closed state, that is, the first air chamber and the second air chamber are in an independent working state, and after the first air nozzle is connected to the external air source, and after the second air nozzle is connected to the external air source, the external air source can independently adjust the air pressure in the first air chamber and the second air chamber, thereby realizing the adjustment of the stiffness of the air spring; in addition, under the action of the first bladder skin, the volume of the first air chamber is variable, and under the action of the second bladder skin, the volume of the second air chamber is variable, thereby increasing the adjustable range of the stiffness of the air spring.

[0033] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper end cover (1), a lower end cover (2), an upper piston (3), a lower piston (4), a first bladder skin (5), a second bladder skin (6) and a solenoid valve (7); the upper end of the upper piston (3) is welded and fixed to the upper end cover (1) and circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the lower piston (4) is welded and fixed to the lower end cover (2) and circumferentially sealed; the first bladder skin (5) is arranged on the inner side of the second bladder skin (6), the upper end of the first bladder skin (5) is fixed to the lower end of the upper piston (3) and circumferentially sealed, the lower end of the first bladder skin (5) is fixed to the lower end cover (2) and circumferentially sealed, the upper piston (3), the first bladder skin (5) and the lower end cover (2) form a first cavity (8), and the lower end cover (2) is fixed with a first air nozzle (21) connected to the first cavity (8); the upper end of the second bladder skin (6) is fixed to the upper end cover (1) and circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the second bladder skin (6) is connected to the lower end cover (2) and circumferentially sealed. The upper end of the lower piston (4) is fixed and circumferentially sealed; the upper end cover (1), the second bladder skin (6), the lower piston (4) and the first bladder skin (5) form a second cavity (9); a second air nozzle (11) connected to the second cavity (9) is fixed on the upper end cover (1); the upper end of the solenoid valve (7) is connected to the upper end cover (1) and circumferentially sealed; the lower end of the solenoid valve (7) is connected to the upper piston (3) and circumferentially sealed; a first vent hole (31) is provided on the upper piston (3) below the solenoid valve (7); the upper end cover (1), the upper piston (3) and the solenoid valve (7) form a third cavity (10); a second vent hole (32) for connecting the second cavity (9) and the third cavity (10) is provided on the side wall of the upper piston (3); when the solenoid valve (7) is opened, the first vent hole (31) is used to connect the third cavity (10) and the first cavity (8).

2. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first air pressure sensor (22) for detecting the air pressure in the first cavity (8) is fixed on the lower end cover (2); and a second air pressure sensor (12) for detecting the air pressure in the second cavity (9) is fixed on the upper end cover (1).

3. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A first annular groove (33) is provided on the outer wall of the lower end of the upper piston (3), the upper end of the first bladder skin (5) is inserted into the first annular groove (33), and the upper end of the first bladder skin (5) is pressed against the side wall of the first annular groove (33) through a first upper buckling ring (51).

4. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A first annular step (23) is provided on the lower end cover (2), the lower end of the first bladder skin (5) is inserted into the first annular step (23), and the lower end of the first bladder skin (5) is pressed against the side wall of the first annular step (23) through a first lower buckling ring (52).

5. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first lower buckling ring (52) is sleeved with a first lining ring (53) on its exterior, and the upper end of the first lining ring (53) abuts against the outer bottom of the first bag skin (5).

6. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A second annular groove (41) is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the lower piston (4), the lower end of the second bladder skin (6) is inserted into the second annular groove (41), and the lower end of the second bladder skin (6) is pressed against the side wall of the second annular groove (41) via a second lower buckling ring (61).

7. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A second annular step (13) is provided on the upper end cover (1), the upper end of the second bladder skin (6) is inserted into the second annular step (13), and the upper end of the second bladder skin (6) is pressed against the side wall of the second annular step (13) via a second upper buckling ring (62).

8. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second upper buckling ring (62) is sleeved with a second lining ring (63) on its exterior, and the lower end of the second lining ring (63) abuts against the outer top of the second bag skin (6).

9. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slot (34) is provided on the upper piston (3) located above the first vent hole (31); the lower end of the solenoid valve (7) is inserted into the slot (34) and is circumferentially sealed with the slot (34) through a first sealing ring (71); the upper end of the solenoid valve (7) is inserted into the lower end of the upper end cover (1) and is circumferentially sealed with the upper end cover (1) through a second sealing ring (72); a retaining spring (14) is fitted and clamped on the inner wall of the upper end cover (1); the inner edge of the retaining spring (14) abuts against the upper end of the solenoid valve (7) to press the solenoid valve (7) against the slot (34).

10. The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive stiffness adjustable multi-chamber air spring also includes a dust cover (20), which is sleeved on the outside of the second bladder skin (6) and is gap-fitted with the second bladder skin (6), the upper end of the dust cover (20) is fixed to the outer edge of the upper end cover (1) and is circumferentially sealed, and the lower end of the dust cover (20) is fixed to the outer edge of the lower end cover (2) and is circumferentially sealed.

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