Fly ash plasma melting treatment process and matched device

Abstract

The invention discloses a fly ash plasma melting treatment process which comprises the following steps: S1, washing pretreatment: mixing fly ash with water, and separating solid particles from liquid after soluble substances are dissolved; s2, plasma melting is conducted, specifically, the solid particles obtained in the step S1 and an additive are proportioned and then fed into a plasma furnace to be heated to be in a molten state, and then high-temperature melt is rapidly cooled and solidified to be in a glassy state; s3, flue gas treatment, wherein flue gas generated in the step S2 is treated through a gravity dust collector, a jet scrubber, a quench tower, a packed bed scrubber, a heat exchanger and an SCR system. The matching device is a plasma melting furnace; the plasma melting furnace comprises a plasma melting furnace body and a quenching tank. According to the complete process for treating the fly ash through plasma melting, harmlessness, reduction and recycling of the fly ash are achieved, the problems of heavy metal and harmful substances in the fly ash can be effectively solved, the fly ash can be converted into stable glassy state substances, and the influence on the environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash treatment, in particular to a fly ash plasma melting treatment process and a matching device. Background Art

[0002] Waste incineration fly ash is a byproduct produced during the waste incineration process, mainly composed of particulate matter in the flue gas discharged from the incinerator and some incompletely burned substances. Fly ash contains a variety of harmful substances, including heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.), dioxins and other organic pollutants, which are potentially harmful to the environment and human health, such as contaminating soil and water sources, affecting the balance of the ecosystem, and posing a threat to human health through accumulation in the food chain. Fly ash needs to be strictly treated and safely disposed of to reduce its impact on the environment and public health.

[0003] Common treatment processes for fly ash from waste incineration include: cement kiln co-treatment, high-temperature sintering to make ceramsite, plasma melting, low-temperature thermal decomposition, etc. Among them, plasma melting has received more attention. The complete process of plasma melting to treat fly ash is an innovative environmental protection technology, mainly used to treat fly ash produced by waste incineration. This process uses the high temperature and energy of plasma technology to completely decompose harmful substances such as dioxins in fly ash and convert them into non-toxic, stable and inert by-products, thereby achieving the harmlessness and resource utilization of fly ash. However, the plasma melting process and related supporting equipment are not mature. The current main research direction at the process level is to solve the flue gas generated during the melting process. In terms of equipment, how to achieve rapid cooling of the molten product is also lacking in mature equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fly ash plasma melting treatment process and a supporting device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention provides a fly ash plasma melting treatment process comprising the following steps: S1, water washing pretreatment, mixing the fly ash with water, dissolving the soluble substances, and then separating the solid particles and liquid in the fly ash and water mixture by filtering and precipitation; S2, plasma melting, the solid particles obtained in step S1 and the additive ratio are sent into a plasma furnace, heated to a molten state, and then the high-temperature melt is rapidly cooled and solidified into a glassy state; S3, flue gas treatment, the flue gas generated in step S2 is treated by a gravity dust collector, a jet scrubber, a quenching tower, a packed bed scrubber, a heat exchanger, and an SCR system.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the weight ratio of fly ash to water is 1:(1-3), and the soluble substances in the fly ash are dissolved by stirring.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S2, the additive is limestone, and the solid particles and limestone are in a mass ratio of 10:(2-4); the plasma treatment temperature is 1400-1500°C Furthermore, the flue gas treatment in step S3 includes the following process: the flue gas generated in step S2 is sequentially passed through a gravity dust collector, a quenching tower, a jet scrubber, a packed bed scrubber, a first heat exchanger, a first SCR system, a vaporizer, a second SCR system, a second heat exchanger, and an induced draft fan; wherein the flue gas temperature is reduced to 300-500°C after the quenching tower treatment; the jet liquid of the jet scrubber is water; the packing of the packed bed scrubber is stainless steel packing; the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchanger is 200°C-350°C; the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the second heat exchanger is 50°C-100°C.

[0008] Furthermore, the method further includes step S4, wastewater treatment, in which the wastewater generated in the above treatment process is treated after sedimentation and purification.

[0009] Furthermore, step S4 wastewater treatment includes the following processes: collecting wastewater generated during S1 water washing pretreatment, S2 plasma melting, and S3 flue gas treatment, directing it to a sedimentation tank, adding lime or sulfuric acid to the sedimentation tank to adjust the pH of the wastewater to neutral (6-9), filtering, desulfurizing, denitrifying, ozonating, and reverse osmosis (RO) filtering the upper clear liquid of the sedimentation tank; reducing and drying the sludge and adding it as fly ash into the plasma furnace for secondary treatment.

[0010] A supporting device for the fly ash plasma melting treatment process as described above, the supporting device is a plasma melting furnace; the plasma melting furnace includes a plasma melting furnace and a quenching tank; the plasma melting furnace includes a furnace chamber, an upper feed port, an upper flue gas duct, a plasma generating device, a melt overflow channel, and a melt discharge channel; the furnace bottom of the furnace chamber is arranged obliquely, a melt discharge channel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber side wall on the side with a lower furnace bottom height, and a melt overflow channel is arranged at a preset distance above the melt discharge channel; the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel are arranged obliquely, and the other end with a lower height extends into the quenching tank, the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel are closed pipes, and a retention assembly driven by a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle; the quenching tank includes a tank body, a first flue gas duct, and a second flue gas duct; quenching water is arranged in the quenching tank, the first flue gas duct is arranged at the top of the tank body, and is connected to the upper flue gas duct, the lower part of the second flue gas duct is arranged at the melt overflow channel, and the upper part is connected to the upper flue gas duct.

[0011] Furthermore, the interception assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder and a interception block arranged at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod, and the interception block extends into the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel through a notch arranged on the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the quench tank also includes a water-cooled and air-cooled composite component; the water-cooled and air-cooled composite component includes a baffle, a cooling channel, a channel top cooling pipe group, a channel bottom cooling pipe group, a truncation cooling pipe group, a turbine pipe, an electric control valve, and a cooling water pump; the baffle is arranged in front of the outlet of the molten overflow channel and is arranged obliquely with the axis of the molten overflow channel; the cooling channel is arranged below the baffle and is arranged obliquely, a channel top cooling pipe group is arranged at the upper part of the cooling channel, a channel bottom cooling pipe group is arranged at the bottom, and a truncation cooling pipe group is arranged at the lower part of the cooling channel outlet; the channel top cooling pipe group, channel bottom cooling pipe group, and truncation cooling pipe group are arranged in an alternating manner, and the channel top cooling pipe group, channel bottom cooling pipe group, and truncation cooling pipe group are water-cooled pipes or air-cooled pipes or a combination of water-cooled pipes and air-cooled pipes.

[0013] Furthermore, the top cooling pipe group includes a plurality of air-cooling pipes and flat-mouthed water spray pipes; the nozzle directions of the air-cooling pipes and the flat-mouthed water spray pipes are parallel to the cooling flow channel; the bottom cooling pipe group and the truncated cooling pipe group include a plurality of composite cooling pipes; the composite cooling pipe includes an air-cooling pipe portion, a venturi tube, and a water pipe, a venturi tube is provided at the end of the air-cooling pipe portion, and the water pipe is connected to the narrower central part of the venturi tube; the air-cooling pipe portion and the air-cooling pipe are connected to the turbine pipe; the flat-mouthed water spray pipe and the water pipe are connected to the cooling water pump through an electric control valve.

[0014] The plasma melting process for treating fly ash proposed in the present invention realizes the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of fly ash, can effectively solve the problem of heavy metals and harmful substances in fly ash, and can convert fly ash into stable glassy substances to reduce the impact on the environment. It has significant effects in the following aspects: Heavy metal immobilization: The heavy metals in fly ash will undergo chemical changes under high-temperature plasma conditions and be fixed in the molten product to form a stable glassy substance, thereby reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals. Hazardous substance conversion: During the plasma melting process, organic pollutants and harmful substances such as dioxins in fly ash can be decomposed at high temperatures to reduce or eliminate the presence of these harmful substances. Reduced volume The fly ash product after plasma melting treatment usually has a smaller volume, which helps to reduce the final disposal space requirements of solid waste. Improved physical properties: The molten product has good physical stability, is not easily affected by environmental factors, and is suitable for long-term storage or as a raw material for building materials. Energy recovery: The high-temperature flue gas generated during the plasma melting process can be used for power generation or heating, realizing energy recovery and utilization. Environmental compliance: By adopting efficient flue gas purification technology, it can be ensured that flue gas emissions meet strict environmental protection standards. Resource utilization: The processed molten product can be used as a stable material to achieve resource recycling. In terms of specific processes, water washing pretreatment can effectively remove soluble substances in fly ash, reduce the complexity of subsequent flue gas treatment, and optimize the flue gas treatment process to achieve effective treatment of flue gas generated by treatment. In terms of supporting equipment, through the optimization and improvement of the plasma melting furnace, the experimental melt can be quickly cooled efficiently to achieve the fixation of pollutants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a plasma melting furnace supporting the process of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the water-cooling and air-cooling composite assembly of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram from another angle of the water-cooled and air-cooled composite component of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the composite cooling tube of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a fly ash plasma melting treatment process involved in the present invention comprises the following steps: S1. Water washing pretreatment: Mix fly ash with water, dissolve soluble substances in water by physical or chemical methods, and separate solid particles from liquid in the fly ash and water mixture by filtration, precipitation, etc. The specific weight ratio of fly ash to water is 1: (1-3), and the soluble substances in the fly ash are dissolved by stirring.

[0022] S2, plasma melting: the solid particles obtained in step S1 are mixed with additives (such as limestone or other alkaline materials) and then fed into the plasma furnace. The furnace temperature is increased by the combustion-supporting fan, and the oxygen content in the furnace is increased to promote the reaction. The plasma generator generates plasma and provides a high-temperature environment. Under the action of high-temperature plasma, the organic matter in the fly ash (such as dioxins) will be completely decomposed into small molecular substances (such as , , HCl, etc.), while inorganic substances (such as metal oxides) are melted, and then the high-temperature melt is rapidly cooled and solidified into a glassy state, avoiding the release of harmful substances from the melt during the cooling process and reducing the risk of secondary pollution. The plasma treatment temperature is 1400-1500°C. In one embodiment of the present application, fly ash solid particles and limestone are mixed in a mass ratio of 10: (2-4), mixed in a mixer and then put into a plasma furnace.

[0023] S3, flue gas treatment, the flue gas generated in step S2 is treated by a gravity dust collector, a jet scrubber, a quenching tower, a packed bed scrubber, a heat exchanger, an SCR system, etc.

[0024] S4. Wastewater treatment: the wastewater generated in the above process is treated after sedimentation and purification.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present application, the step S3 of flue gas treatment includes the following process: S31, gravity dust collector treatment, the flue gas generated in step S2 is passed through a pipe into the gravity dust collector. Under the action of gravity, the heavier particles gradually settle to the bottom of the gravity dust collector, and the gas that has been preliminarily purified is discharged from the top and enters the subsequent treatment unit. During the plasma melting process, some larger particles in the fly ash may not be completely melted or re-condensed during the cooling process. The gravity dust collector can capture these unmelted or re-condensed large particles. The particles collected by the gravity dust collector are added to the plasma furnace for secondary treatment.

[0026] S32, quench tower treatment, by atomized water contacting the high temperature flue gas to quickly reduce the flue gas temperature, and remove some pollutants in physical absorption or chemical reaction to reduce the impact on the environment. In this application, the flue gas temperature is reduced to 300-500℃ after the quench tower treatment.

[0027] S33, jet scrubber treatment, the exhaust gas temperature after the quench tower treatment is relatively high, after entering the jet scrubber device, the exhaust gas temperature is further reduced to make it closer to the ambient temperature, which is conducive to subsequent treatment and discharge; in addition, the flue gas is purified, the exhaust gas may contain incompletely melted fly ash particles, the jet scrubber can capture fine particles in the exhaust gas by spraying water or other washing liquids; the exhaust gas may contain acidic gases (such as SOx, NOx), heavy metals and other harmful substances, the jet scrubber can absorb these harmful gases by spraying washing liquids containing specific chemicals to reduce their impact on the environment. In order to reduce the complexity of subsequent wastewater treatment, the spray liquid in this application is water.

[0028] S34, packed bed scrubber treatment, the packed bed scrubber is filled with small balls or flakes made of special materials. These fillers provide a huge surface area, which allows more contact between the exhaust gas and the scrubbing liquid, thereby improving the purification efficiency. The exhaust gas treated by the jet scrubber may still contain trace amounts of harmful substances. Thanks to the structural characteristics of the packed bed scrubber device, the exhaust gas in the packed bed is fully in contact with the scrubbing liquid, which can more effectively remove acidic gases (such as sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx) and other harmful gases, especially for difficult-to-treat aerosol particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Stainless steel fillers are selected for this application.

[0029] S35, the first heat exchanger treatment, through the first heat exchanger heat exchange method to recover and utilize the high temperature heat energy in the flue gas, and transfer it to other media (such as water or other heat carriers) for heating, steam generation or other industrial processes, to improve the energy efficiency of the entire system. Cooling the flue gas temperature of the previous unit ensures that the next unit treatment system can be carried out in the optimal temperature range. The flue gas temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchanger in this application is 200℃-350℃ S36, the first SCR system treatment, the core component of the first SCR system is the catalyst bed, which is usually composed of honeycomb or plate-shaped catalysts. Before the flue gas enters the catalyst bed, it is necessary to spray an appropriate amount of reducing agent (ammonia or urea solution) into the flue gas. The reducing agent reacts with NOx under the action of the catalyst, thereby achieving efficient removal of NOx. The catalyst can promote the reaction of NOx with the reducing agent (usually ammonia). ) to convert NOx into harmless nitrogen ( ) and water ( ). The SCR system also includes a monitoring and control system for real-time monitoring of the NOx concentration and ammonia slip in the flue gas, and adjusting the injection amount of the reducing agent as needed to ensure that the emission standards are met while avoiding excessive use of the reducing agent.

[0030] S37. Vaporizer treatment: Vaporizer can be used to dry flue gas.

[0031] S38, second SCR system processing. The second SCR system is consistent with the first SCR system in principle. The second SCR system can further reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the flue gas, provide additional NOx emission reduction capabilities, and ensure that the flue gas emissions meet the standards.

[0032] S39, the second heat exchanger is used to further cool the flue gas and recover the heat therein. The flue gas temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchanger is 50℃-100℃.

[0033] S310, induced draft fan: The induced draft fan at the end position can effectively maintain the negative pressure of the treatment system, prevent the smoke from leaking into the environment, and ensure that the smoke is discharged smoothly through the flue. In addition, the induced draft fan needs to overcome the pressure loss caused by the smoke flowing through the tail flue, gravity dust collector, jet scrubber, packed bed scrubber, 1#SCR system, vaporizer, 2#SCR system and heat exchanger and other equipment to ensure that the smoke can flow smoothly. The wind pressure of the induced draft fan is reasonably set according to the above equipment in the system. The induced draft fan can also extract the treated smoke from the heat exchanger and send it to the chimney through the flue for discharge. At this time, the smoke has gone through multiple treatment links, such as desulfurization, denitrification, dust removal, etc., to ensure that the emission meets environmental protection standards. In addition to these, there are also energy-saving optimization, flow regulation, and maintaining system balance.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present application, the wastewater treatment in step S4 includes the following process: Collect wastewater generated during S1 water washing pretreatment, S2 plasma melting, and S3 flue gas treatment, including wastewater generated during water washing treatment, wastewater generated during the water cooling and solidification of the plasma melting furnace to form harmless glass, and drainage from the packed bed scrubber and jet scrubber in the flue gas treatment process, and direct them to the sedimentation tank. Add lime or sulfuric acid to the sedimentation tank to adjust the pH of the wastewater to neutral (6-9), and then use conventional means to treat the upper clear liquid and sludge in the sedimentation tank.

[0035] In this application, the supernatant in the sedimentation tank is filtered, desulfurized, denitrified, oxidized by ozone, and filtered by reverse osmosis (RO). The sludge is reduced in volume, dried, and then added as fly ash into a plasma furnace for secondary treatment.

[0036] In the above process, the equipment used in step S1 water washing pretreatment, S3 flue gas treatment, and S4 wastewater treatment can all be commercially available products.

[0037] In the plasma melting process of step S2, the high-temperature melt needs to be rapidly cooled and solidified into a glassy state. The plasma furnaces currently available on the market generally cannot meet the rapid cooling requirements well. The present application also includes a matching plasma melting furnace for the above process.

[0038] The plasma melting furnace 1 includes a plasma melting furnace 11 and a quenching tank 12 .

[0039] The plasma melting furnace 11 includes a furnace chamber 110 , an upper material inlet 111 , an upper smoke exhaust duct 112 , a plasma generating device 113 , a melt overflow duct 114 , and a melt discharge duct 115 .

[0040] The furnace bottom of the furnace chamber 110 is inclined, a melt discharge channel 115 is provided at the bottom of the side wall of the furnace chamber 110 at a side with a lower furnace bottom height, and a melt overflow channel 114 is provided at a preset distance above the melt discharge channel 115 .

[0041] The molten overflow channel 114 and the molten discharge channel 115 are arranged obliquely, and the other end with a lower height extends into the quenching tank 12. The molten overflow channel 114 and the molten discharge channel 115 are closed pipes, and a retention assembly 116 driven by a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle. The retention assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder and a retention block arranged at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod. The retention block extends into the molten overflow channel 114 and the molten discharge channel 115 through a notch arranged on the molten overflow channel 114 and the molten discharge channel 115. The molten overflow channel 114 and the molten discharge channel 115 can be opened or closed by the hydraulic cylinder.

[0042] Furthermore, the melt overflow channel 114 includes a first inclined section 1141 and a second inclined section 1142 , wherein the second inclined section 1142 has a greater inclination angle than the first inclined section 1141 .

[0043] The quenching tank 12 includes a tank body 120 , a first smoke exhaust pipe 121 , and a second smoke exhaust pipe 122 .

[0044] In one embodiment of the present application, quenching water is provided in the quenching tank 12, and the molten material flows into the quenching water in the quenching tank 12 through the melt overflow channel 114 and the melt discharge channel 115, and the molten material is quenched into a glassy state by the water. A first smoke exhaust pipe 121 is provided on the top of the tank body 120 and is connected to the upper smoke exhaust channel 112 for discharging the gas generated during the cooling process. The lower part of the second smoke exhaust pipe 122 is provided at the second inclined section 1142 of the melt overflow channel 114, and the upper part is connected to the upper smoke exhaust channel 112, so that the smoke upward along the melt overflow channel 114 can flow into the upper smoke exhaust channel 112 through the second smoke exhaust pipe to prevent it from flowing into the plasma melting furnace 11.

[0045] In order to further reduce the steam generated during the water cooling process and improve the cooling efficiency, the quenching tank 12 also includes a water-cooling and air-cooling composite component 123.

[0046] The water-cooling and air-cooling composite assembly 123 includes a baffle L1, a cooling channel L2, a channel top cooling pipe group L3, a channel bottom cooling pipe group L4, a cut-off cooling pipe group L5, a turbine pipe F3, an electric control valve f1, and a cooling water pump f2.

[0047] The baffle L1 is arranged in front of the outlet of the melt overflow channel 114 and is arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of the melt overflow channel 114 .

[0048] The cooling channel L2 is arranged below the baffle L1, arranged obliquely, with baffle protrusions on both sides, a top cooling pipe group L3 is arranged on the upper part of the cooling channel L2, a bottom cooling pipe group L4 is arranged on the bottom, and a cut-off cooling pipe group L5 is arranged below the liquid outlet of the cooling channel L2.

[0049] The top cooling tube group L3, the bottom cooling tube group L4, and the cut-off cooling tube group L5 are arranged alternately, which can divert and break up the molten material so that it forms small particles after flowing out, which is convenient for subsequent cooling.

[0050] The track top cooling pipe group L3, track bottom cooling pipe group L4, and cut-off cooling pipe group L5 are water-cooled pipes or air-cooled pipes or a combination of water-cooled pipes and air-cooled pipes.

[0051] The cooling pipe group L3 on the top of the channel includes a plurality of air cooling pipes G2 and flat nozzle water spray pipes G3. The nozzle directions of the air cooling pipes G2 and flat nozzle water spray pipes G3 are parallel to the cooling channel L2, which can quickly cool the melt and reduce its adhesion on the cooling channel L2.

[0052] The bottom cooling pipe group L4 and the cut-off cooling pipe group L5 are a combination of water-cooling pipes and air-cooling pipes, including a plurality of composite cooling pipes G1.

[0053] The composite cooling pipe G1 includes an air cooling pipe portion G11, a venturi tube G12, and a water pipe G13. The venturi tube G12 is provided at the end of the air cooling pipe portion G11, and the water pipe G13 is connected to the central narrow part of the venturi tube G12.

[0054] The air cooling pipe G11 and the air cooling pipe G2 are connected to the turbine pipe F3 to form cold air of -50-100 degrees Celsius through compressed air.

[0055] The flat-mouth water spray pipe and water pipe G13 are connected to the cooling water pump f2 through the electric control valve f1. Under the action of the electric control valve, intermittent or continuous water supply can be achieved. The bottom cooling pipe group L4 adopts continuous water supply, and the cut-off cooling pipe group L5 can adopt intermittent high-pressure water supply, which can cut the molten material flowing down through the cooling channel L2 into multiple sections.

[0056] The invention concept of the above-mentioned water-cooled and air-cooled composite component 123 has certain similarities with the slag granulation primary cooling stage device and method authorized by Beijing MCC Equipment Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd. Patent CN113957184B. Both are for preliminary cooling of the molten material. However, the scheme in the invention is suitable for slag particles and cannot be directly applied to liquid molten material. Setting up granulation equipment will also increase the complexity of the system. In addition, the granulation process requires strict control of exhaust gas emissions, which makes commonly used granulation equipment not applicable.

[0057] It should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "install", "connect", "connect", "fix", "set" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A fly ash plasma melting treatment process, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, water washing pretreatment, mixing fly ash with water, dissolving soluble substances, and separating solid particles from liquid in the fly ash and water mixture by filtering and sedimentation; S2, plasma melting, the solid particles obtained in step S1 and the additives are mixed and sent into a plasma furnace, heated to a molten state, and then the high-temperature melt is rapidly cooled and solidified into a glassy state; S3, flue gas treatment, the flue gas generated in step S2 is treated by passing through a gravity dust collector, a jet scrubber, a quenching tower, a packed bed scrubber, a heat exchanger, and an SCR system.

2. The fly ash plasma melting treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the weight ratio of fly ash to water is 1:(1-3), and the soluble substances in the fly ash are dissolved by stirring.

3. The fly ash plasma melting treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the additive is limestone, and the mass ratio of solid particles to limestone is 10:(2-4); the plasma treatment temperature is 1400-1500°C.

4. The fly ash plasma melting treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment in step S3 includes the following processes: the flue gas generated in step S2 is sequentially passed through a gravity dust collector, a quenching tower, a jet scrubber, a packed bed scrubber, a first heat exchanger, a first SCR system, a vaporizer, a second SCR system, a second heat exchanger, and an induced draft fan; wherein the flue gas temperature after the quenching tower treatment is reduced to 300-500°C; the jet scrubber spray liquid is water; the packed bed scrubber packing is stainless steel packing; the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchanger is 200°C-350°C; the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the second heat exchanger is 50°C-100°C.

5. The fly ash plasma melting treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes step S4, wastewater treatment, in which the wastewater generated in the above treatment process is treated after sedimentation and purification.

6. The fly ash plasma melting treatment process according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S4 wastewater treatment includes the following processes: collecting wastewater generated during S1 water washing pretreatment, S2 plasma melting, and S3 flue gas treatment, directing it to a sedimentation tank, adding lime or sulfuric acid to the sedimentation tank to adjust the pH of the wastewater to neutral (6-9), filtering, desulfurizing, denitrifying, ozonating, and reverse osmosis (RO) filtering the upper clear liquid of the sedimentation tank; reducing and drying the sludge and adding it as fly ash into the plasma furnace for secondary treatment.

7. A supporting device for the fly ash plasma melting treatment process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting device is a plasma melting furnace; the plasma melting furnace includes a plasma melting furnace and a quenching tank; the plasma melting furnace includes a furnace chamber, an upper feed port, an upper flue gas duct, a plasma generating device, a melt overflow channel, and a melt discharge channel; the furnace bottom of the furnace chamber is arranged obliquely, a melt discharge channel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber side wall on the side with a lower furnace bottom height, and a melt overflow channel is arranged at a preset distance above the melt discharge channel; the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel are arranged obliquely, and the other end with a lower height extends into the quenching tank, the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel are closed pipes, and a retention component driven by a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle; the quenching tank includes a tank body, a first flue gas duct, and a second flue gas duct; quenching water is arranged in the quenching tank, the first flue gas duct is arranged at the top of the tank body, and is connected to the upper flue gas duct, the lower part of the second flue gas duct is arranged at the melt overflow channel, and the upper part is connected to the upper flue gas duct.

8. The matching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The interception assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder and an interception block arranged at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod. The interception block extends into the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel through a notch arranged on the melt overflow channel and the melt discharge channel.

9. The matching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The quench tank also includes a water-cooled and air-cooled composite component; the water-cooled and air-cooled composite component includes a baffle, a cooling channel, a channel top cooling pipe group, a channel bottom cooling pipe group, a truncation cooling pipe group, a turbine pipe, an electric control valve, and a cooling water pump; the baffle is arranged in front of the melt overflow channel outlet and is arranged obliquely with the melt overflow channel axis; the cooling channel is arranged below the baffle and is arranged obliquely, a channel top cooling pipe group is arranged at the upper part of the cooling channel, a channel bottom cooling pipe group is arranged at the bottom, and a truncation cooling pipe group is arranged at the lower part of the cooling channel outlet; the channel top cooling pipe group, channel bottom cooling pipe group, and truncation cooling pipe group are arranged in a staggered manner, and the channel top cooling pipe group, channel bottom cooling pipe group, and truncation cooling pipe group are water-cooled pipes or air-cooled pipes or a combination of water-cooled pipes and air-cooled pipes.

10. The matching device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The top cooling pipe group includes a plurality of air-cooling pipes and flat-mouthed water spray pipes; the nozzle directions of the air-cooling pipes and the flat-mouthed water spray pipes are parallel to the cooling flow channel; the bottom cooling pipe group and the cut-off cooling pipe group include a plurality of composite cooling pipes; the composite cooling pipe includes an air-cooling pipe portion, a venturi tube, and a water pipe, a venturi tube is provided at the end of the air-cooling pipe portion, and the water pipe is connected to the narrower central part of the venturi tube; the air-cooling pipe portion and the air-cooling pipe are connected to the turbine pipe; the flat-mouthed water spray pipe and the water pipe are connected to the cooling water pump through an electric control valve.

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