Dry-wet cycling device and method for measuring evapotranspiration of clay slope based on humidity difference

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dry-wet cycling device and method for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference, which relates to the technical field of climate engineering geology. The device includes a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component: a clay slope body is constructed in the model box and placed on an inclined plate; the rainfall component and the evaporation component are used to simulate the real dry-wet alternating conditions of the clay slope; the measurement component includes a hydrological sensor inside the cracked clay slope and an external water flux monitoring system, which are used to monitor the hydrological changes of the cracked clay slope; the angle adjustment component is arranged at the toe of the slope under the inclined plate and is used to adjust the inclination angle of the slope. The method for calculating the soil evaporation amount based on the humidity difference principle of the present invention can efficiently and accurately calculate the actual evaporation amount of the cracked clay slope, overcome the shortcoming that the traditional model test cannot measure the actual evaporation of the slope, and has important theoretical value and practical application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of climate engineering geology, and more specifically, to a dry-wet cycling device and method for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the global average temperature has continued to rise, and the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of various extreme climate events have also increased accordingly. Against the backdrop of such environmental changes, long-term droughts and extreme rainfall events have occurred frequently in China, inducing a series of geological disasters and engineering geological problems in areas where cohesive soil is widely distributed, such as soil cracking, landslides, soil erosion, and reduction of engineering properties.

[0003] Currently, the methods for studying the hydrogeological characteristics of cohesive soil slopes are mostly field tests. However, these methods have a long cycle, complex operations, and high operating costs; in extreme weather, there are many influencing factors and it is difficult to maintain the true effectiveness of the experiment, while indoor tests can often avoid the interference of these factors.

[0004] In addition, the measurement of the actual evaporation of soil outdoors has always been a difficult problem. Existing indoor soil evaporation measuring instruments often use weighing instruments to measure the evaporation of soil. The volume of soil that can be measured is limited, and a large number of sensors are required, resulting in high costs. The installation and use of sensors require professional technicians and are difficult to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry-wet cycling device and method for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art such as complex on-site test operations, high operating costs, difficulty in adjusting the slope angle, and inaccurate measurement results.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the first object of the present invention is to provide a dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference, including a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component, and an angle adjustment component;

[0007] Inside the model box, a clay slope body is constructed on an inclined plate;

[0008] The angle adjustment component is arranged at the toe of the slope below the inclined plate and is used to adjust different inclination angles of the clay slope body;

[0009] The rainfall component is arranged on the top of the model box and is used to simulate the real rainfall process on the clay slope body;

[0010] The evaporation component is arranged near the model box and is used to simulate the sunny evaporation process on the clay slope body;

[0011] The measuring assembly comprises an internal hydrological monitoring component and an external hydrological monitoring component, which are used to measure the changes in the internal hydrological strips of the clay slope during the soil drying and wetting cycle at a corresponding inclination angle.

[0012] Preferably, the model box includes a model box body with an opening at the upper end and a model cover covering the opening, the model box body includes a bottom plate and a front wall, a rear wall, a left side wall and a right side wall vertically arranged around the bottom plate, and the front wall, the rear wall and the left side wall are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate, one end of the inclined plate is hinged on the bottom plate, and the other end is obliquely connected to the inner wall of the right side wall, and the right side wall is suitable for being movably connected along the front and rear direction of the bottom plate when the inclined plate rotates; an air inlet is provided on the left side wall, and an air outlet is provided on the right side wall.

[0013] Preferably, the angle adjustment assembly includes a first jack component and an angle measuring instrument arranged below the inclined plate and a second jack component horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall;

[0014] The first jack component includes a first electric hydraulic jack and a first bottom plate located in the middle of the inclined plate, the bottom end of the first electric hydraulic jack is fixed to the first bottom plate, and the top end of the first electric hydraulic jack is pressed against the bottom of the inclined plate;

[0015] The angle measuring instrument comprises a first cuboid plate and a second cuboid plate whose ends are hinged to each other, and a spring and an inclinometer connected between the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate, wherein the first cuboid plate is connected to the bottom end of the inclined plate, the second cuboid plate is horizontally connected to the bottom plate, and the inclinometer is connected to the bottom of the first cuboid plate away from the end where the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate are hinged to each other;

[0016] The second jack component includes a second electric hydraulic jack and a second bottom plate located on the side of the right side wall away from the first jack component, the second electric hydraulic jack is placed horizontally and its bottom end is connected to the second bottom plate, and its top end is connected to the right side wall;

[0017] The first electric hydraulic jack is suitable for pressing the inclined plate to rotate the inclined plate to adjust the inclination angle, thereby driving the right side wall to approach the second jack component under the driving action of the second electric hydraulic jack.

[0018] Preferably, the rainfall component includes a bracket connected inside the model cover, an atomizing nozzle fixed on the bracket, a first water pipe, a water pump, and a water bucket. One end of the first water pipe is communicated with the atomizing nozzle, and the other end is communicated with the water pump. The water pump is placed in the water bucket. The water pump is adapted to pressurize and pump the water in the water bucket into the atomizing nozzle through the first water pipe. The atomizing nozzle is adapted to adjust the sprayed water droplets into a mist state and fall onto the soil surface of the clay slope.

[0019] Preferably, the evaporation component includes a warm lamp placed on the bracket and a floor fan located at the air inlet on the left side wall. The warm lamp is adapted to adjust its own light intensity to control the evaporation intensity of the clay slope. The floor fan is adapted to supply air into the model box through the air inlet to accelerate the air flow in the model box.

[0020] Preferably, the measurement component includes:

[0021] A temperature and humidity detection recorder, including a first temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded above the air inlet on the left side wall and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded at the air outlet on the right side wall. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder is adapted to measure the initial absolute air temperature and absolute air humidity of the air blown into the model box by the floor fan from the air inlet. The second temperature and humidity detection recorder is adapted to measure the final absolute air temperature and absolute air humidity of the air blown out from the air outlet on the right side wall after being irradiated by the warm lamp;

[0022] An anemometer, bonded at the air outlet on the right side wall. The anemometer is adapted to measure the air flow velocity of the air blown out from the air outlet on the right side wall;

[0023] A moisture content probe, adapted to be buried at a set position of the clay slope;

[0024] A soil water potential suction sensor, adapted to be buried at a set position of the clay slope;

[0025] A data collector, electrically connected to the first temperature and humidity detection recorder, the second temperature and humidity detection recorder, the anemometer, the moisture content probe, and the soil water potential suction sensor respectively.

[0026] Preferably, the measurement component further includes a seepage and runoff measurement component, and the seepage and runoff measurement component includes:

[0027] A collection tank, placed below the left side wall to receive the seepage generated during the rainfall process by the rainfall component;

[0028] A second water pipe, with one end connected to the runoff hole on the front wall;

[0029] A container, placed below the front wall and beneath the collection trough;

[0030] An electronic scale, supported at the bottom of the container for measuring the weight of the container.

[0031] Preferably, it further includes a shooting component, and the shooting component includes:

[0032] A time-lapse camera, fixed on the bracket, and the time-lapse camera is adapted to periodically shoot images of the changes in the soil surface cracks of the clay slope during the experiment;

[0033] A USB camera, fixed at the upper left corner of the front wall, and the USB camera is adapted to shoot images of the changes in the seepage flow and runoff readings during the weighing of the electronic scale during rainfall.

[0034] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference, using the above-mentioned dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference. The method includes the steps:

[0035] Step S1: Construct a clay slope body placed on the inclined plate inside the model box, and build a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component, and an angle adjustment component;

[0036] Step S2: Adjust the inclination angle of the inclined plate through the angle adjustment component to make the clay slope body at a set inclination angle;

[0037] Step S3: Start the rainfall component, evaporation component, and measurement component to work to simulate the real rainfall-evaporation cycle process of the clay slope body, and measure and record the hydrological change data of the clay slope body through the measurement component;

[0038] Step S4: Based on the hydrological change data of the clay slope body at the set angle, calculate the actual evaporation amount and actual evaporation rate of the soil of the clay slope body;

[0039] Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2 - S4 to measure the hydrological change conditions in the rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope body at other angles.

[0040] Preferably, in step S4, the calculation expression of the actual evaporation rate E a is:

[0041]

[0042] Where: H a-outlet represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air outlet, H a-intlet represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air inlet, Q represents the air flow rate through the model box, ρω ρ represents the density of water, and A represents the area of the soil evaporation surface.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0044] The dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in this application consists of a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component, an angle adjustment component, and an inclined plate. The model box is used to set up a relatively airtight test box, and an inclined plate with an inclination angle is set inside the model box. The inclined plate is used to support the clay slope body. Considering the convenience of adjusting the angle of the inclined plate, one end of the inclined plate is hinged to the bottom of the model box, and the other end is inclined to support on one side wall of the model box to adjust the inclination angle of the clay slope body; by setting the evaporation component to change the evaporation intensity, it can be used to study the changes in slope evaporation under different climate conditions, help understand the potential impact of climate change on slope stability, and thus provide a scientific basis for adapting to climate change; the device of the angle adjustment component can assist in experiments related to angle changes, saving a large amount of manpower, material resources, and time costs; this device can also simultaneously meet the research on the impact of slope angle on evaporation, help understand the flow and evaporation processes of water in soils with different slopes, and thus better evaluate the relationship between slope stability and water management, and further optimize soil and water resource management strategies; the automatic measurement of the measurement component can facilitate the rapid calculation of functions such as evaporation amount and evaporation rate, improve the accuracy and efficiency of experimental data collection, and at the same time reduce human errors. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of one direction of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of another direction of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the left view structure of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6Schematic right view structure diagram of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring evapotranspiration of clay slopes based on humidity difference in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 Schematic top view structure diagram of the dry-wet cycling device for measuring evapotranspiration of clay slopes based on humidity difference in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 Schematic front view structure diagram of the angle measuring instrument in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 Schematic flow chart of the method for measuring evapotranspiration of clay slopes based on humidity difference in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0055] 1 - Model box; 11 - Model box body; 111 - Front wall; 1111 - Runoff hole; 112 - Rear wall; 113 - Left side wall; 1131 - Air inlet; 1132 - First seepage hole; 1133 - Second seepage hole; 114 - Right side wall; 1141 - Air outlet; 1142 - Hole; 115 - Bottom plate; 12 - Model cover; 121 - Wire hole;

[0056] 2 - Rainfall component; 21 - Bracket; 22 - Atomizing nozzle; 23 - First water delivery pipe; 24 - Water pump; 25 - Water bucket;

[0057] 3 - Evaporation component; 31 - Warm lamp; 32 - Floor fan;

[0058] 4 - Measurement component; 41 - First temperature and humidity detection recorder; 42 - Second temperature and humidity detection recorder; 43 - Wind speed measuring instrument; 44 - Moisture content probe; 45 - Soil water potential suction sensor; 46 - Seepage and runoff measurement component; 461 - Second water delivery pipe; 462 - Container; 4621 - First container; 4622 - Second container; 463 - Electronic scale; 4631 - First electronic scale; 4632 - Second electronic scale; 464 - Collection trough; 47 - Data acquisition instrument; 471 - USB data cable; 48 - Computer; 49 - Table;

[0059] 5 - Angle adjustment component;

[0060] 51 - First jack component; 511 - First electric hydraulic jack; 512 - First bottom plate;

[0061] 52 - Second jack component; 521 - Second electric hydraulic jack; 522 - Second bottom plate;

[0062] 53 - Angle measuring instrument; 531 - First rectangular plate; 532 - Second rectangular plate; 533 - Spring; 534 - Inclinometer;

[0063] 6 - Shooting assembly; 61 - Time - lapse camera; 62 - USB camera;

[0064] 7 - Inclined plate; 71 - Strut. Specific embodiments

[0065] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "including" and "comprising" used herein should be understood as inclusive and open - ended, without exclusivity. Specifically, when the terms "including" and "comprising" and their synonyms are used in the specification and claims, it means including the specified features, steps or components. These terms should not be construed as excluding the existence of other features, steps or components.

[0067] Currently, the methods for studying the hydro - logical characteristics of cohesive soil slopes are more field tests. Such methods have a long cycle, complex operations and high operating costs. Under extreme weather conditions, there are many influencing factors and it is difficult to maintain the true effectiveness of the experiment. Indoor tests can often avoid the interference of these factors.

[0068] At the same time, in order to study the development of dry - shrinkage cracks on the soil surface during the wet - dry cycle, a shooting device is needed, but rainfall conditions will damage the shooting device.

[0069] In addition, the measurement of the actual evaporation amount of soil outdoors has always been a difficult problem, and this problem can be well solved through some indoor devices.

[0070] Finally, existing indoor soil evaporation measuring instruments often use weighing instruments to measure the evaporation amount of soil. The volume of soil that can be measured is limited, and a large number of sensors are required, which are expensive. The installation and use of sensors require professional technicians and are also difficult to operate.

[0071] To solve the above - mentioned technical problems, please refer to Figures 1-8As shown, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference. The model test device includes a model box 1, a rainfall component 2, an evaporation component 3, a measurement component 4, an angle adjustment component 5, and an inclined plate 7 inclined and arranged inside the model box 1. The interior of the model box 1 is constructed with a clay slope body placed on the inclined plate 7. The angle adjustment component is arranged at the toe position below the inclined plate 7 and is used to adjust different inclination angles of the clay slope body. The rainfall component 2 is arranged at the top of the model box 1 and is used to simulate the real rainfall process on the clay slope body. The evaporation component 3 is arranged near the model box 1 and is used to simulate the sunny evaporation process on the clay slope body. The measurement component 4 includes an internal hydrological monitoring component and an external hydrological monitoring component, and is used to measure the hydrological changes during the soil dry-wet cycling process of the clay slope body at the corresponding inclination angle.

[0072] Specifically in this embodiment, the dry-wet cycling device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference is composed of a model box 1, a rainfall component 2, an evaporation component 3, a measurement component 4, an angle adjustment component 5, and an inclined plate 7. The model box 1 is used to set up a relatively closed test box, and an inclined plate 7 with an inclination angle is arranged inside the model box 1. The inclined plate 7 is used to support the clay slope body. Considering the convenience of angle adjustment of the inclined plate 7, one end of the inclined plate 7 is hinged to the bottom of the model box 1, and the other end is inclined and supported on a side wall of the model box 1. By setting the evaporation component 3 to change the evaporation intensity, it can be used to study the changes in slope evaporation under different climate conditions, help understand the potential impact of climate change on slope stability, and thus provide a scientific basis for adapting to climate change. The device of the angle adjustment component 5 can help with experiments related to angle changes, saving a large amount of labor, material, and time costs. This device can also simultaneously meet the research on the influence of slope angle on evaporation, help understand the flow and evaporation process of water in soils with different slopes, and thus better evaluate the relationship between slope stability and water management, and further optimize the management strategies of soil and water resources. The automatic measurement of the measurement component 4 can facilitate the quick calculation of functions such as evaporation amount and evaporation rate, improve the accuracy and efficiency of experimental data collection, and at the same time reduce human errors.

[0073] Therefore, the model test device in the embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for the rainfall-evaporation cycle process of indoor soil bodies, can truly simulate the hydrological changes of a clay slope body (cohesive soil landslide) during rainfall-evaporation, and can collect data related to soil evaporation, changes in soil surface fissures, internal hydrological changes, and external hydrological conditions during the experimental process through the measurement component 4, and combine with numerical simulation software to realize the analysis of the clay slope.

[0074] It should be particularly noted that the slope angles of clay slopes (cohesive soil landslides) in nature vary widely, and the slope angle is an important factor affecting soil landslides. In previous studies, the displacement of some positions on the slope was monitored for a long time to determine whether the slope would slide, so as to judge the stability of the clay slope (cohesive soil landslide). However, the model test device in the embodiment of the present invention can conduct experimental studies on slopes with a certain soil property at different angles indoors. According to the experimental data, the angle at which landslides will occur can be determined, thus greatly shortening the research time and investment cost.

[0075] It can be understood that the clay slope body is a test device that is scaled down in proportion to the actual site, which can not only reduce the test period but also avoid the interference of complex external factors.

[0076] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 1 , 2 , Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6. The model box 1 includes a model box body 11 and a model cover 12. The upper end of the model box body 11 has an opening, and the model cover 12 is covered on the opening. Preferably, the model box body 11 includes a bottom plate 115, a front wall 111, a rear wall 112, a left side wall 113, and a right side wall 114 that are vertically arranged around the bottom plate 115 respectively. The front wall 111, the rear wall 112, and the left side wall 113 are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate 115. One end of the inclined plate 7 is hinged to the bottom plate 115, and the other end is inclined and connected to the inner wall of the right side wall 114. The right side wall 114 is adapted to be movably connected along the front-back direction of the bottom plate 115 when the inclined plate 7 rotates. An air inlet 1131 is opened on the left side wall 113, and an air outlet 1141 is opened on the right side wall to simulate an air flow environment.

[0077] Specifically in this embodiment, the model box body 11 is composed of a bottom plate 115, a front wall 111, a rear wall 112, a left side wall 113, a right side wall 114, and an inclined plate 7. A runoff hole 1111 is opened at the toe of the slope of the front wall 111 of the model box body 11 for the outflow and collection of surface runoff. A certain number of small holes (the first seepage hole 1132 and the second seepage hole 1133) are distributed in the lower half of the left side wall 113 of the model box body 11. Through the first seepage hole 1132 and the second seepage hole 1133, the study of seepage changes can be realized. A square hole is opened in the middle position of the left side wall 113 as the air inlet 1131 to allow air to flow into the model box 1. A semicircular hole 1142 is opened at the bottom of the right side wall 114 of the model box body 11 to facilitate the connection of internal wires. A square hole is in the middle position of the right side wall 114 as the air outlet 1141 to facilitate the discharge of gas in the box.

[0078] In addition, the right side wall 114 is a movable plate, which is mainly kept stable by the rightward force generated by the inclined plate 7 on it and the leftward thrust generated by the external jack on it.

[0079] As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the model box 1 is made of organic glass plate with sufficient thickness, which not only has the same strength as ordinary steel plates, but also has the advantage of facilitating experimental observation.

[0080] Further, please refer to Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the angle adjustment assembly 5 includes a first jack component 51 and a second jack component 52. The first jack component 51 and the angle measuring instrument 53 are arranged below the inclined plate 7, and the second jack component 52 is horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall 114;

[0081] The first jack component 51 includes a first electric hydraulic jack 511 and a first bottom plate 512. Both the first electric hydraulic jack 511 and the first bottom plate 512 are located at the middle position of the inclined plate 7. The bottom end of the first electric hydraulic jack 511 is vertically fixed on the first bottom plate 512, and the top end of the first electric hydraulic jack 511 presses against the bottom of the inclined plate 7.

[0082] In addition, as a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the angle of the inclined plate 7 can be flexibly adjusted according to experimental requirements. A pillar 71 with a certain height is connected to its lower part, which is used to increase the height of the first electric hydraulic jack 511 and can also prevent the first electric hydraulic jack 511 from directly contacting the inclined plate 7 when applying pressure, avoiding damage to the inclined plate 7.

[0083] The angle measuring instrument 53 includes a first rectangular parallelepiped plate 531, a second rectangular parallelepiped plate 532, a spring 533 and an inclinometer 534. The ends of the first rectangular parallelepiped plate 531 and the second rectangular parallelepiped plate 532 are hinged to each other. The spring 533 and the inclinometer 534 are connected between the first rectangular parallelepiped plate 531 and the second rectangular parallelepiped plate 532. The first rectangular parallelepiped plate 531 is connected to the bottom end of the inclined plate 7, the second rectangular parallelepiped plate 532 is horizontally connected to the bottom plate 115, and the inclinometer 534 is connected to the bottom of the first rectangular parallelepiped plate 531 away from the end where the first rectangular parallelepiped plate 531 and the second rectangular parallelepiped plate 532 are hinged to each other;

[0084] The second jack component 52 includes a second electric hydraulic jack 521 and a second bottom plate 522. The second electric hydraulic jack 521 and the second bottom plate 522 are located on the side of the right side wall 114 away from the first jack component 51. The second electric hydraulic jack 521 is horizontally placed and its bottom end is connected to the second bottom plate 522, and its top end is connected to the right side wall 114;

[0085] The first electro-hydraulic jack 511 is adapted to vertically press against the inclined plate 7 to rotate the inclined plate 7 to adjust the inclination angle, thereby driving the right side wall 114 to approach the second jack assembly 52 under the driving action of the second electro-hydraulic jack 521.

[0086] Specifically, in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjustment assembly 5 is composed of a first jack assembly 51, a second jack assembly 52, and an angle measuring instrument 53. The first jack assembly 51 is composed of a first bottom plate 512 and two first electro-hydraulic jacks 511. The two first electro-hydraulic jacks 511 are respectively fixed on both sides of the first bottom plate 512 to prevent left and right movement. The wires of the two first electro-hydraulic jacks 511 are connected to an external power source through the holes 1142 at the bottom of the right side wall 114, so that the angle of the inclined plate 7 can be automatically adjusted through the first jack assembly 51.

[0087] When the angle of the inclined plate 7 needs to be adjusted, there is often a certain gap between the inclined plate 7 and the right side wall 114. Therefore, a second jack assembly 52 is also provided at the external position of the right side wall 114, and a force is applied to the right side wall 114 through the second electro-hydraulic jack 521 to push the right side wall 114 to move until it contacts the inclined plate 7.

[0088] The angle measuring instrument 53 is used to measure the angle of the inclined plate 7 in real time. The angle measuring instrument 53 in this embodiment is composed of two rectangular parallelepiped plates, a spring 533, and a high-precision inclinometer 534. The two rectangular parallelepiped plates are connected at one end by a movable hinge, the spring 533 is installed between the two rectangular parallelepiped plates, and then the high-precision inclinometer 534 is bonded to the bottom surface of the upper rectangular parallelepiped to measure the rotation angle of the inclined plate 7 in real time.

[0089] Thus, when the angle needs to be increased, the first electro-hydraulic jack 511 can be controlled by operating the display screen. Under the action of the first electro-hydraulic jack 511, the inclined plate 7 is lifted upward. During the lifting process, the upper plate of the angle measuring instrument 53 changes the angle following the inclined plate 7. We can observe the change in the reading of the inclinometer 534 bonded to the upper plate through the glass plate. When the required angle is reached, the first electro-hydraulic jack 511 stops working.

[0090] Since there will be a gap between the inclined plate 7 and the right side wall 114 after the angle of the inclined plate 7 increases, at this time, the second electro-hydraulic jack 521 horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall 114 is started to act, and it stops advancing forward when the right side wall 114 contacts the inclined plate 7. At this time, the model box 1 is still a closed box.

[0091] Further, please refer to Figure 1 、 2, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the rainfall component 2 includes a bracket 21, an atomizing nozzle 22, a first water delivery pipe 23, a water pump 24 and a water bucket 25. The bracket 21 is connected inside the model cover 12. The atomizing nozzle 22 is fixed on the bracket 21. One end of the first water delivery pipe 23 is communicated with the atomizing nozzle 22, and the other end is communicated with the water pump 24. The water pump 24 is placed in the water bucket 25. The water pump 24 is adapted to pressurize and pump the water in the water bucket 25 into the atomizing nozzle 22 through the first water delivery pipe 23. The atomizing nozzle 22 is adapted to adjust the ejected water droplets into a mist state and land on the soil surface of the clay slope.

[0092] Specifically in this embodiment, the rainfall component 2 is composed of a bracket 21, an atomizing nozzle 22, a first water delivery pipe 23, a water pump 24 and a water bucket 25. During simulated rainfall, the water bucket 25 is used to hold water. The water pump 24 is placed in the water bucket 25. When the switch of the water pump 24 is turned on, the water pump 24 pressurizes and sends the water in the water bucket 25 along the first water delivery pipe 23 into the atomizing nozzle 22. Turning on the atomizing nozzle 22 can achieve rainfall.

[0093] The water droplets ejected by the atomizing nozzle 22 are in a mist state and will not cause damage to the clay slope soil surface when landing, avoiding interference with the fissure data. The intensity of rainfall can be adjusted by adjusting the water pressure and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the atomizing nozzle 22, with low cost and convenient operation.

[0094] Further, please refer to Figure 1 、 2 , as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the evaporation component 3 includes a warm lamp 31 placed on the bracket 21 and a floor fan 32 at the air inlet 1131 on the left side wall 113. The warm lamp 31 is adapted to adjust its own light intensity to control the evaporation intensity of the clay slope. The floor fan 32 is adapted to supply air to the model box 1 through the air inlet 1131 to accelerate the air flow in the model box 1.

[0095] Preferably, the evaporation component 3 is composed of two warm lamps 31 with adjustable intensity and a floor fan 32. The two warm lamps 31 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the model box 1. By adjusting the intensity of each warm lamp 31, the evaporation intensity can be controlled to simulate different weather and temperatures. The floor fan 32 is used to ventilate the model box 1 to improve the air flow speed.

[0096] Further, please refer to Figure 1 、 2 , as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the measurement component 4 includes a temperature and humidity detection recorder, an anemometer 43, a moisture content probe 44, a soil water potential suction sensor 45, a runoff measurement component 46 and a data collector 47, where:

[0097] The temperature and humidity detection recorder includes a first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 is bonded above the air inlet 1131 of the left side wall 113, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42 is bonded at the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 is adapted to measure the initial absolute air temperature and absolute air humidity of the air blown into the model box 1 by the floor fan 32 from the air inlet 1131, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42 is adapted to measure the final absolute air temperature and absolute air humidity of the air blown out from the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114 after being irradiated by the warm lamp 31;

[0098] The anemometer 43 is bonded at the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114. The anemometer 43 is adapted to measure the air flow velocity of the air blown out from the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114; the moisture content probe 44 is adapted to be buried at a set position of the clay slope body, and the soil water potential suction sensor 45 is adapted to be buried at a set position of the clay slope body. The wires of the moisture content probe 44 and the soil water potential suction sensor 45 are pulled out of the box through the wire hole 121 inside the wire hole 121 of the model cover 12 and connected to the data collector 47 to facilitate automatic data collection; the data collector 47 is electrically connected to the first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41, the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42, the anemometer 43, the moisture content probe 44, and the soil water potential suction sensor 45 respectively.

[0099] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 1 、 2 Figures 3 and 4 as shown, the measurement component 4 further includes a seepage and runoff measurement component 46, and the seepage and runoff measurement component 46 includes a second water delivery pipe 461, a container 462, an electronic scale 463, and a collection tank 464, where:

[0100] The collection tank 464 is placed below the left side wall 113 to receive the seepage generated by the rainfall component 2 during the rainfall process; one end of the second water delivery pipe 461 is connected to the runoff hole 1111 of the front wall 111; the container 462 is placed below the front wall 111 and is located below the collection tank 464; the electronic scale 463 is supported at the bottom of the container 462 to measure the weight of the container 462.

[0101] Specifically, the measurement component 4 is mainly divided into an internal hydrological monitoring device and an external hydrological monitoring device. Among them, the internal hydrological monitoring device is mainly composed of a moisture content probe 44 and a soil water potential suction sensor 45. Preferably, in this embodiment, the model number of the moisture content probe 44 is CS655, and the burial position of the moisture content probe 44 can be flexibly drilled on the model box body 11 according to needs; the external hydrological monitoring device includes a data collector 47, a computer 48, a first electronic scale 4631, a first container 4621, an anemometer 43, and a temperature and humidity detection recorder. The temperature and humidity detection recorder is composed of a first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 is bonded above the air inlet 1131 of the left side wall 113, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42 is bonded at the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114, and is respectively used to measure the absolute humidity of the air entering the model box 1 and the absolute humidity of the blown air.

[0102] During rainfall, the collection trough 464 is placed under the left side wall 113. The seepage generated during the rainfall process flows along the outer side wall into the collection trough 464 through the first seepage holes 1132 distributed on the left side wall 113, and then flows from the collection trough 464 into the first container 4621 placed at the front end. By reading the first electronic scale 4631, the seepage changes in different rainfall periods can be recorded to measure the seepage changes of the clay slope body in different rainfall periods.

[0103] At the same time, for the rainwater that has not infiltrated into the soil body during the rainfall process, it flows out of the box through the runoff holes 1111 in the form of runoff, and flows into the second container 4622 through the second water delivery pipe 461 connected to the runoff holes 1111. According to the data change of the second electronic scale 4632, the changes of the seepage flow rate and seepage rate during the rainfall process can be analyzed.

[0104] Further, please refer to Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the wet-dry cycle device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on the humidity difference further includes a photographing component 6. The photographing component 6 includes a time-lapse camera 61 and a USB camera 62. Among them, the time-lapse camera 61 is fixed on the bracket 21, and the time-lapse camera 61 is adapted to periodically photograph the change images of the soil surface cracks of the clay slope body during the experiment; the USB camera 62 is fixed at the upper left corner of the front wall 111, and the USB camera 62 is adapted to photograph the change images of the seepage flow rate and runoff reading when the electronic scale 463 weighs during rainfall.

[0105] Thus, the time-lapse camera 61 can be set to take pictures at regular intervals according to the time interval of the required data and the experimental period; the USB camera 62 is mainly used to photograph the reading changes of the electronic scale 463 and the side seepage changes of the clay slope body during rainfall.

[0106] In addition, for the convenience of operation, a table 49 and a computer 48 are further arranged on one side of the model test device in this embodiment. The data collector 47 and the computer 48 are placed on the table 49. The data collector 47 is connected to the computer 48 through a USB data cable 471, and the measured data can be imported into the computer 48, and the experimental data can be analyzed through the matching software, so as to study the change of the internal hydrological conditions during the wet-dry cycle of cohesive soil.

[0107] Please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference. Using the above-mentioned wet-dry cycle device for measuring the evapotranspiration of a clay slope based on humidity difference, the method includes the following steps:

[0108] Step S1: Construct a clay slope body placed on the inclined plate 7 inside the model box 1, and build a rainfall component 2, an evaporation component 3, a measurement component 4 and an angle adjustment component 5;

[0109] Step S2: Adjust the inclination angle of the inclined plate 7 through the angle adjustment component 5 so that the clay slope body is at a set inclination angle;

[0110] Step S3: Start the rainfall component 2, the evaporation component 3 and the measurement component 4 to work, so as to simulate the real rainfall-evaporation cycle process of the clay slope body, and measure and record the hydrological change data of the clay slope body through the measurement component 4;

[0111] Step S4: Based on the hydrological change data of the clay slope body at the set angle, calculate the actual evaporation amount and the actual evaporation rate of the soil body of the clay slope body;

[0112] It should be particularly noted that the calculation of the actual evaporation amount of the soil body is related to factors such as the air humidity at the air inlet 1131, the air humidity at the air outlet 1141, the wind speed, and the evaporation area.

[0113] Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2-S4 to measure the hydrological change conditions in the rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope body at other angles.

[0114] Thus, this test method provides a good solution for realizing the wet-dry cycle of cohesive soil, studying the internal hydrological changes, and separately studying runoff and seepage indoors. Moreover, the operation is simple, and it does not require too much manpower and material resources, and has broad application prospects.

[0115] Further, in step S4, the calculation expression of the actual evaporation amount M of the soil body is:

[0116] M = Q(G a-iutlet - g a-intlet )

[0117] Among them: G a-outlet represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air outlet, with the unit of mm / day; H a-intlet represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air inlet, with the unit of Mg / m 3 ; Q represents the air flow velocity through the model box, with the unit of 1 / s;

[0118] And the actual evaporation rate E of the soil body a The calculation expression is:

[0119]

[0120] Among them: ρ ω represents the density of water, with the unit of Mg / m 3 ; A represents the evaporation surface area of the soil body, with the unit of m 2 .

[0121] Among them, the absolute humidity H of the air at the air outlet a-outlet The calculation expression is:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula: e a represents the vapor pressure, with the unit of Pa; T a represents the air temperature, with the unit of K; R represents the gas constant (287.04 J·kg-1K-1).

[0124] And the vapor pressure e a The calculation expression is:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, e sat represents the saturated vapor pressure, with the unit of Pa; H r represents the relative humidity of the air, with the unit of %.

[0127] And the saturated vapor pressure e sat The calculation expression is:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula, represents a dimensionless constant, and t represents time.

[0130] And the constant The calculation expression is:

[0131]

[0132] In the above calculation process, substituting Equation (5) into Equation (4) can obtain the saturated vapor pressure e sat , and then substituting Equation (4) into Equation (3) can obtain the vapor pressure e a . Substituting Equation (3) into Equation (2) can obtain the absolute humidity H of the air at the air outlet a-outlet . Finally, substituting Equation (2) into Equation (1) can obtain the actual evaporation rate E of the soil body a .

[0133] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slopes based on humidity difference, characterized in that: It includes a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component; The interior of the model box is constructed with a clay slope body placed on the inclined plate; the model box includes a model box body with an opening at the upper end and a model cover arranged on the opening, the model box body includes a bottom plate and a front wall, a rear wall, a left side wall and a right side wall respectively arranged vertically around the bottom plate, and the front wall, the rear wall and the left side wall are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate, one end of the inclined plate is hinged on the bottom plate, and the other end is obliquely connected to the inner wall of the right side wall, and the right side wall is suitable for being movably connected along the front and rear direction of the bottom plate when the inclined plate rotates; an air inlet is provided on the left side wall, and an air outlet is provided on the right side wall; The angle adjustment component is arranged at the slope foot position below the inclined plate, and is used to adjust different inclination angles of the clay slope body; The angle adjustment assembly includes a first jack component and an angle measuring instrument disposed below the inclined plate and a second jack component horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall; The first jack component includes a first electric hydraulic jack and a first bottom plate located in the middle of the inclined plate, the bottom end of the first electric hydraulic jack is fixed to the first bottom plate, and the top end of the first electric hydraulic jack is pressed against the bottom of the inclined plate; The angle measuring instrument comprises a first cuboid plate and a second cuboid plate whose ends are hinged to each other, and a spring and an inclinometer connected between the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate, wherein the first cuboid plate is connected to the bottom end of the inclined plate, the second cuboid plate is horizontally connected to the bottom plate, and the inclinometer is connected to the bottom of the first cuboid plate away from the end where the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate are hinged to each other; The second jack component includes a second electric hydraulic jack and a second bottom plate located on the side of the right side wall away from the first jack component, the second electric hydraulic jack is placed horizontally and its bottom end is connected to the second bottom plate, and its top end is connected to the right side wall; The first electric hydraulic jack is suitable for pressing the inclined plate to rotate the inclined plate to adjust the inclination angle, thereby driving the right side wall to approach the second jack component under the driving action of the second electric hydraulic jack; The rainfall component is arranged on the top of the model box and is used to simulate the real rainfall process on the clay slope; The evaporation component is arranged near the model box and is used to simulate the sunny day evaporation process of the clay slope body; The measuring assembly comprises an internal hydrological monitoring component and an external hydrological monitoring component, which are used to measure the changes in the internal hydrological strips of the clay slope during the soil drying and wetting cycle at a corresponding inclination angle.

2. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall assembly includes a bracket connected to the inside of the model cover, an atomizing nozzle fixed on the bracket, a first water pipe, a water pump and a water bucket. One end of the first water pipe is connected to the atomizing nozzle, and the other end is connected to the water pump. The water pump is placed in the water bucket. The water pump is suitable for pressurizing the water in the water bucket to pump it into the atomizing nozzle through the first water pipe. The atomizing nozzle is suitable for adjusting the sprayed water droplets into a mist state and falling on the soil surface of the clay slope.

3. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 2, characterized in that: The evaporation component includes a warm lamp placed on the bracket and a floor fan located at the air inlet of the left side wall. The warm lamp is suitable for adjusting its own light intensity to control the evaporation intensity of the clay slope, and the floor fan is suitable for supplying air into the model box through the air inlet to accelerate the air flow in the model box.

4. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The measuring assembly comprises: The temperature and humidity detection recorder includes a first temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded above the air inlet of the left side wall and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded at the air outlet of the right side wall, wherein the first temperature and humidity detection recorder is suitable for measuring the initial absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown into the model box from the air inlet by the floor fan, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder is suitable for measuring the final absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown out from the air outlet of the right side wall after being irradiated by the warm lamp; An anemometer, bonded to the air outlet of the right side wall, the anemometer is suitable for measuring the air velocity blown out from the air outlet of the right side wall; A moisture content probe, suitable for being buried at a set position of the clay slope; A soil water potential suction sensor, suitable for being buried at a set position of the clay slope; The data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the first temperature and humidity detection recorder, the second temperature and humidity detection recorder, the wind speed measuring instrument, the moisture content probe and the soil water potential suction sensor respectively.

5. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measurement assembly further includes a seepage flow measurement component, and the seepage flow measurement component includes: A collecting trough is placed below the left side wall to receive the seepage generated by the rainfall assembly during rainfall; A second water delivery pipe, one end of which is connected to the flow hole of the front wall; A container, placed below the front wall and below the collecting tank; An electronic scale is supported on the bottom of the container to measure the weight of the container.

6. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a shooting component, which includes: A time-lapse photography camera, fixed on the bracket, suitable for regularly photographing images of changes in cracks on the soil surface of the clay slope during the experiment; A USB camera is fixed at the upper left corner of the front wall, and the USB camera is suitable for photographing images of changes in seepage and runoff readings when the electronic scale weighs during rainfall.

7. A method for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference, using the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of: Step S1: constructing a clay slope body placed on an inclined plate inside the model box, and building a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component; Step S2: adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined plate through the angle adjustment component so that the clay slope is at a set inclination angle; Step S3: starting the rainfall component, evaporation component and measurement component to simulate the actual rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope, and measuring and recording the hydrological change data of the clay slope through the measurement component; Step S4: calculating the actual evaporation amount and actual evaporation rate of the clay slope based on the hydrological change data of the clay slope at a set angle; Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2-S4 to measure the hydrological changes in the rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope at other angles.

8. The method for measuring evapotranspiration of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the actual evaporation rate of the soil The calculation expression is: in: Represents the absolute humidity of the air at the outlet. Represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air inlet. represents the air flow rate through the model box, represents the density of water, Represents the evaporation surface area of ​​the soil.

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