Tracking-free condenser of light directional deflection prism combination

Abstract

The invention provides a tracking-free condenser of a light directional deflection prism combination. A plurality of total reflection light guide prisms with the refractive index being n and two acute angles being alpha and beta are sequentially arranged and combined to form a large-angle light directional deflection prism array with the light receiving width being L and the light receiving angle being alpha s. The reflecting plate, a cambered surface with the refractive index of n1, the vertex angle of alpha 1, the height of h and the curvature radius of a light-gathering emergent surface of r, and a light directional deflection light-gathering prism with the width of an emergent window of d1 form a light-gathering cavity; the large-angle light directional deflection prism array and the light gathering cavity are combined into a whole to form the tracking-free condenser with the light downward directional deflection light gathering function and the optical amplification factor being L / d1. The system is suitable for tracking-free efficient condensation of sunlight with a large incidence angle and a large variation range, can form various effective combinations, and can be widely applied to the fields of condensation light guide illumination, condensation photovoltaic power generation, condensation heat collection energy storage and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to a tracking-free concentrator composed of a light directional deflection prism combination. Background Art

[0002] In order to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, people have researched and developed various types of solar concentrators and put them on the market, from small optical waveguide lighting, CPC concentrators to large tower, trough, linear Fresnel and other solar thermal power generation concentrator fields. Concentration technology is playing an increasingly important role, promoting the development and progress of human solar energy technology.

[0003] However, the existing technology still has the following problems: 1) Since the trajectory of the sun relative to the earth is constantly changing, the existing sunlight concentrators require a high-precision sun tracking system to efficiently concentrate light, resulting in a relatively bulky and complex structure of the concentrating system, harsh installation conditions, severely limited usage scenarios, and poor convenience and economy of installation and operation; 2) The tower, trough, linear Fresnel, dish and other concentrators promoted by the existing concentrating technology all use mirror reflection to converge light to the concentrating receiver. Since the concentrating receiver is located above the reflector (towards the sky), there are not only high requirements for system installation accuracy, high site construction costs, and inconvenient maintenance during operation, but the light in its concentrating optical path is easily affected by light scattering caused by particles such as water vapor and dust in the air. The impact makes the system efficiency decline, especially the surface of the focusing reflector and the surface of the focusing receiver can be covered by water vapor, wind sand, dust and other pollutants at the same time, which leads to a sharp decline in the system's focusing efficiency. It is still difficult to overcome the problem; 3) Although there are many public technologies and literatures on the tracking-free concentrator developed by people using the method of combining refraction, reflection and refraction and reflection of light, the existing public tracking-free concentrator technology and the concentrators composed of it are still generally low in focusing efficiency due to the law that the optical extension is a constant. In actual operation, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of stable focusing under the condition of large angle changes of the incident light under the condition of the altitude and azimuth of the sun changing all the time. The acceptable range of light incident angles is limited, and the tracking-free effect is poor, resulting in low operating efficiency and difficulty in large-scale promotion and application. At the same time, the solar energy application market has brought new urgent needs for the simultaneous realization of comprehensive and efficient utilization of light, heat, electricity and storage by focusing technology and related technical products. Research and development of tracking-free concentrator technology and new concentrators to solve the above problems are the key directions for human beings to use solar energy to promote green and low-carbon development in the future. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tracking-free concentrator composed of a light directional deflection prism combination, whose focusing system has a simple and efficient structure, no sun tracking system, and the installation method is not limited by the usage scenario, meeting the comprehensive high efficiency, safety, reliability and durability requirements.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A tracking-free concentrator with a combination of directional light deflection prisms, comprising: a large-angle directional light deflection prism array, a lower reflection plate and a directional deflection focusing prism; the large-angle directional light deflection prism array is composed of a plurality of total reflection light-guiding prisms with a refractive index of n and two acute angles of α and β, which are arranged and combined in sequence; the directional deflection focusing prism and the lower reflection plate form a focusing cavity, and the large-angle directional light deflection prism array and the focusing cavity are combined into one body to form a tracking-free concentrator with downward directional deflection and focusing of light; the α-angle opening direction of the total reflection light-guiding prism is the directional deflection direction of the light, the directional deflection direction of the light is set to the east, recorded as E direction, the light acceptance angle in this direction is αE, and the α-angle of each total reflection light-guiding prism satisfies: α≥1 / 2(arcSin(1 / n) + arcSin(SinαE / n)).

[0006] Preferably, the total reflection light-guiding prism comprises three surfaces: the upper surface is both the incident light receiving surface and the total internal reflection surface for refracting light inside the prism, and the surface is coated with a high-transmittance-enhancing optical film; the bottom surface is the light reflecting surface, and the surface is coated with a high-reflection optical film so that the inner and outer surfaces have high reflective properties at the same time; the output surface is the light output surface, and its surface shape is a plane, an arc surface or a curved surface.

[0007] The upper surfaces of a plurality of said total reflection light-guiding prisms are arranged in sequence horizontally to form said large-angle light directional deflection prism array, wherein each of the α and β angles satisfies: α≥1 / 2(arcSin(1 / n) + arcSin(SinαE / n)), β≤90°-α.

[0008] One end of the lower reflection plate is connected to the β angle of the first total reflection light-guiding prism of the large-angle light directional deflection prism array, and the lower reflection plate is tilted and parallel to the bottom surface of each total reflection light-guiding prism or its inclination angle β1≥α; the other end of the lower reflection plate cooperates with the directional deflection focusing prism.

[0009] The directional deflection focusing prism has a light receiving surface, a focusing exit surface and a light reflecting surface; the light receiving surface can receive the total internal reflection of the refracted light from the light reflecting surface, the focusing exit surface is a curved surface, the surface of the light reflecting surface is coated with a high-reflection optical film, and the light receiving surface can perform total internal reflection of the light; the top angle of the directional deflection focusing prism opens downward, guiding the light incident into the focusing cavity to be deflected downward and converged to the focusing receiver.

[0010] An upper reflector is provided between the large-angle light directional deflection prism array and the top corner of the directional deflection focusing prism, and the portion of the lower reflector adjacent to the directional deflection focusing prism is parallel to the upper reflector.

[0011] Two large-angle light directional deflection prism arrays are used, which are arranged symmetrically and horizontally, and cooperate with two lower reflection plates to form a light receiving and directional deflection component, which is integrated with the directional deflection focusing prism located in the center to form a tracking-free concentrator that directional deflects and focuses light downward.

[0012] A tracking-free concentrator composed of a light directional deflection prism combination adopts the above-mentioned large-angle light directional deflection prism array and is combined with a light-guiding focusing prism located below, arranged laterally, with the top angle opening direction being the same as the α-angle opening direction of the total reflection light-guiding prism, and the light emitting surface being a curved surface, to form a tracking-free concentrator that horizontally focuses light.

[0013] The light-guiding focusing prism is wedge-shaped.

[0014] In the large-angle light directional deflection prism array, the bottom surface and two opposite side surfaces of each total reflection light-guiding prism are plated with a high-reflection optical film.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The light directional deflection prism designed by combining the principle of total optical reflection with the refractive-reflective optical path reverses the propagation path and direction of the reverse incident light in the limited internal space of each small prism, so that the sunlight with different incident angles and a large angle variation range propagates in a specific direction after passing through the light directional deflection prism array, and finally enters the focusing prism with directional deflection effect for convergence. The solid angle range of the incident light is effectively suppressed and reduced through the unique combination structure of the present invention, which provides a new technical path and solution for breaking through the constraint of the optical extension law as a constant for the design of sunlight concentrators and making it difficult to achieve tracking-free and efficient focusing.

[0016] 2) The present invention can select the focusing receiver to be installed horizontally at the bottom or on the side according to different usage environments and usage scenarios, which effectively solves the various problems caused by the tower, trough, linear Fresnel, dish and other focusing systems in the prior art, in which the focusing receiver is located above the light path (towards the sky). At the same time, the present invention can facilitate various integrated combinations of focusing photovoltaics, solar thermal, optical waveguide lighting, etc., which can be used as a small independent unit or combined into an array for use in a large light field. It has little limitation on the installation environment and installation method, and is economical and simple to operate and maintain.

[0017] 3) The materials used in the present invention are easy to obtain, the industrialization technology for manufacturing is mature, the economy is good, and it is easy to be promoted and applied.

[0018] The optical waveguide lighting system, concentrated power generation system, concentrated photothermal system, etc. constructed by the present invention can be applied in the field of comprehensive and efficient utilization of solar energy, and has a wide range of application scenarios and good market promotion prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tracking-free concentrator of a light directional deflection prism combination of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the design principle of a tracking-free concentrator combined with a light directional deflection prism and a structure of a total reflection light guide prism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the total reflection light-guiding prism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second solution of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of scheme three of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, there are k (k>1) refractive index n, two acute angles α and β, and the light receiving width L 01 , the light acceptance angle is α s The total reflection light-guiding prisms are arranged in sequence to form a light receiving width of L and a light receiving angle of α. s A prism array 100 for directional deflection of large-angle light; The focusing cavity 200 is formed by a lower reflection plate 202 and a directional deflection focusing prism 201 with a refractive index of n1, a vertex angle of α1, a height of h, a curvature radius of the focusing exit surface of r, and a focusing exit window width of d1; The light directional deflection prism array 100 and the focusing cavity 200 are combined into one to form a tracking-free concentrator with an optical magnification of L / d1.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the above-mentioned light directional deflection prism array 100 is composed of k (k>1) total reflection light guide prisms with the upper surface 101 being a horizontal plane and arranged in sequence (A1B1C1-A2B2C2-…-A k B K C K ) wherein each prism has three surfaces: an upper surface 101 which is both an incident light receiving surface and a total internal reflection surface for refracted light inside the prism, and the surface is coated with a high anti-reflection optical film; a bottom surface 102 which is a light reflecting surface and the surface is coated with a high reflective optical film so that both the inner and outer surfaces of 102 have high reflective properties; an exit surface 103 which is a light exit surface and the surface shape of which is a plane, an arc surface or a curved surface.

[0023] The α-angle opening direction of the total reflection light-guiding prism is the directional deflection direction of the light. If the directional deflection direction of the light is set to the east (E direction), the light acceptance angle in this direction is α E , the two acute angles of each total reflection light-guiding prism: α≥1 / 2(arcSin(1 / n) + arcSin(Sinα E / n)), β≤90°- α; the acceptance angle of the incident light in the same direction as the directional deflection of the light (incident from west W to east E) is α W (α W ≤90°), the light acceptance angle of each light guide prism is: α s =α E +α W . Figure 2 The light propagation path is shown in the figure, where the incident light in the opposite direction of the directional deflection is reflected inside the light-guiding prism to the incident surface, where total internal reflection occurs, reversing the light propagation direction and path.

[0024] In order to enhance the light focusing efficiency, an upper reflector 203 is also provided. The reflective surface (B1DF surface) of the lower reflector 202 of the light focusing cavity 200 is connected to the B1 of the A1B1 surface of the first prism of the light directional deflection prism array 100, wherein the reflective surface B1D is parallel to the bottom surface 102 of each total reflection light guide prism or its inclination angle β1≥α, and the DF reflective surface is parallel to the reflective surface (C k H surface), C k The H surface and the end prism A of the light directional deflection prism array 100 k B k C k A k C k Side C k The light receiving surface (FH surface) of the directional deflection focusing prism 201 is connected to the F and H surfaces of the upper reflecting plate 203 and the lower reflecting plate 202 at the same position to form a closed focusing cavity. The GH surface is a light reflecting surface, and the surface is coated with a highly reflective optical film. The top angle α1 of the directional deflection focusing prism opens downward to guide the incident light of the focusing cavity 200 to be deflected downward and converged to the focusing receiver 400.

[0025] The present invention can realize multiple effective combinations such as installing the concentrator at the bottom of the system or horizontally: like Figure 4 As shown, two of the above-mentioned light directional deflection prism arrays 100 are used to be symmetrical and horizontally arranged to form a light receiving width of 2L and a light receiving angle of α. sThe directional deflection prism assembly is combined with a directional deflection focusing prism 201 which is located in the center and opens downward, has a refractive index of n2, a top angle of α2, a height of h, an output surface curvature radius of r2, an output window width of d2, and a bilaterally symmetrical HD surface which is both a light receiving surface and a light total internal reflection surface, to form a tracking-free concentrator with downward directional deflection and focusing of light and an optical magnification of 2L / d2.

[0026] like Figure 5 As shown, the above-mentioned light directional deflection prism array 100 is combined with a wedge-shaped light-guiding focusing prism 300 which is located below, arranged laterally, has a refractive index of n3, a top angle of α3 and an opening direction that is the same as the α angle of the light-guiding prism array 100, a light receiving surface 301 width of L3, a light reflecting surface 302, a light emitting surface 303 with a curvature radius of r3, and an exit window width of d3, to form a tracking-free concentrator with horizontal focusing of light and an optical magnification of L3 / d3.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the bottom surface 102 (A1B1-A1 , B1 , face) and two opposite sides (A1B1C1, A1 , B1 , C1 , -A k B k C k , A k , B k , C k , The surface is coated with a highly reflective optical film.

[0028] In order to achieve comprehensive and efficient utilization of the full spectrum of sunlight, a split light path with a spectrum frequency division effect can be installed at the light exit window, forming a dual light path focusing system of light guide focusing and spectrum frequency division. The above-mentioned light directional deflection light guide prism and prism array are all made of transparent materials, such as optical glass or optical plastic, and can be manufactured by mature hot pressing, molding or 3D printing methods. The high anti-reflection optical film and high reflective optical film can be manufactured by physical vapor deposition methods such as magnetron sputtering.

[0029] By adopting the above method, for example, a light directional deflection light guide prism array and a focusing prism are designed and manufactured using optical glass or optical plastic with a refractive index of n=1.80, the top angle α=33.5°, the angle β=43.5° of the total reflection light guide prism, and the output surface 103 is a curved surface. The concentrator thus constructed can have a focusing efficiency of 80% within the wide light angle acceptance range of αs=160° (±80°).

[0030] The above description is only a description of the principle of the present invention and the three combined structures of the tracking-free concentrator, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tracking-free concentrator with a light directional deflection prism combination, characterized in that: include: A large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100), a lower reflection plate (202) and a directional deflection focusing prism (201); the large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100) is composed of a plurality of total reflection light-guiding prisms with a refractive index of n and two acute angles of α and β respectively arranged in sequence; the directional deflection focusing prism (201) and the lower reflection plate (202) form a focusing cavity (200); the large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100) and the focusing cavity (200) are combined into one body to form a tracking-free concentrator for directional deflection and focusing of light downwards; the α-angle opening direction of the total reflection light-guiding prism is the directional deflection direction of the light; the directional deflection direction of the light is set to the east, which is recorded as the E direction, and the light acceptance angle in this direction is α E , the α angle of each total reflection light-guiding prism satisfies: α ≥ 1 / 2 (arcSin (1 / n) + arcSin (SinαE / n)).

2. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total reflection light-guiding prism comprises three surfaces: the upper surface (101) is both an incident light receiving surface and a total internal reflection surface for refracting and reflecting light inside the prism, and the surface is coated with a high-transmittance optical film; the bottom surface (102) is a light reflecting surface, and the surface is coated with a high-reflection optical film so that the inner and outer surfaces of the bottom surface (102) have high reflection characteristics at the same time; the output surface (103) is a light output surface, and its surface shape is a plane, a curved surface or a curved surface.

3. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surfaces (101) of a plurality of the total reflection light-guiding prisms are arranged in sequence horizontally to form the large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100), wherein each of the angles α and β satisfies: α≥1 / 2(arcSin(1 / n) + arcSin(SinαE / n)), β≤90°-α.

4. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the lower reflection plate (202) is connected to the first total reflection light-guiding prism of the large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100) at an angle β, and the lower reflection plate (202) is arranged tilted and parallel to the bottom surface (102) of each total reflection light-guiding prism or at an inclination angle β1≥α; the other end of the lower reflection plate (202) cooperates with the directional deflection focusing prism (201).

5. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 4, characterized in that: The directional deflection focusing prism (201) comprises a light receiving surface, a focusing exit surface and a light reflecting surface; the light receiving surface is capable of receiving total internal reflection of the refracted light from the light reflecting surface, the focusing exit surface is a curved surface, and the surface of the light reflecting surface is plated with a high-reflection optical film; the top angle of the directional deflection focusing prism opens downward, guiding the light incident from the focusing cavity (200) to be deflected downward and converged to the focusing receiver.

6. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 5, characterized in that: An upper reflection plate (203) is provided between the apex angles of the large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100) and the directional deflection focusing prism (201), and a portion of the lower reflection plate (202) adjacent to the directional deflection focusing prism (201) is parallel to the upper reflection plate.

7. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two large-angle light directional deflection prism arrays (100) are arranged symmetrically and horizontally, and cooperate with two lower reflection plates (202) to form a light receiving and directional deflection component, which is integrated with a directional deflection focusing prism (201) located in the center to form a tracking-free concentrator that directional deflects and focuses light downward.

8. A tracking-free concentrator with a light directional deflection prism combination, characterized in that: The large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100) as claimed in claim 1 is combined with a light-guiding focusing prism (300) located below, arranged laterally, with the top angle opening direction being the same as the α angle opening direction of the total reflection light-guiding prism, and the light-emitting surface (303) being a curved surface, to form a tracking-free concentrator for horizontally focusing light.

9. A tracking-free concentrator with a light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 8, characterized in that: The light-guiding focusing prism (300) is wedge-shaped.

10. The tracking-free concentrator of the light directional deflection prism combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the large-angle light directional deflection prism array (100), the bottom surface (102) and two opposite side surfaces of each total reflection light-guiding prism are plated with a high-reflection optical film.

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