Fire-fighting evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guide system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building safety, in particular to a fire-fighting evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guide system, which comprises a data acquisition module, a personnel positioning module, a path optimization module and a guide control module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring environment data, fire information and building structure data in a building in real time; the personnel positioning module is used for collecting position information of each person in real time based on a wireless positioning technology; the path optimization module is used for calculating and generating an optimal evacuation path; and the guide control module is used for generating and outputting an evacuation guide instruction in real time and indicating the personnel to evacuate along the optimal path. According to the invention, environment data, fire information and personnel position information are collected in real time, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted to dynamically calculate an optimal evacuation path, and an evacuation guidance instruction is accurately generated, so that the problems of insufficient path adaptability and guidance lag of a traditional system in a complex environment are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building safety technology, and in particular to a fire evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning and guiding system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization, there are more and more high-rise buildings and large commercial complexes. How to ensure the safety of people in these buildings has become an important issue. In the event of emergencies such as fire, the evacuation of people inside the building is particularly complicated. Especially in the event of a fire, due to the complexity of smoke, fire sources and building structures, traditional evacuation plans are often difficult to cope with sudden changes. Therefore, how to quickly and effectively guide the safe evacuation of people has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in the current field of building safety.

[0003] At present, most existing fire evacuation systems still rely on preset fixed evacuation routes and simple sign systems. However, these systems lack dynamic adaptability and cannot respond to emergencies such as fire spread and changes in personnel positions in real time, resulting in inflexible evacuation routes and personnel easily getting into trouble. In addition, existing systems usually fail to effectively combine the building's environmental data, fire information, and real-time personnel location information for comprehensive analysis, and cannot provide the optimal evacuation route or accurate guidance instructions. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a fire evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guidance system.

[0005] The fire evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guidance system includes a data acquisition module, a personnel positioning module, a path optimization module and a guidance control module; wherein: Data acquisition module: used to collect real-time environmental data, fire information and building structure data in the building; Personnel positioning module: Based on wireless positioning technology, it collects the location information of each person in real time and transmits the real-time location information of the person to the path optimization module and the guidance control module; Path optimization module: used to receive environmental data, fire information and building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, as well as personnel location information provided by the personnel positioning module, and calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path; Guidance control module: used to generate and output evacuation guidance instructions in real time according to the optimal evacuation path provided by the path optimization module and the real-time location information provided by the personnel positioning module, instructing personnel to evacuate along the optimal path.

[0006] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes an environmental data acquisition unit, a fire information acquisition unit and a building structure data acquisition unit; wherein: Environmental data acquisition unit: used to collect real-time environmental data in the building, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, through temperature and humidity sensors, smoke detectors and gas detectors; Fire information collection unit: used to obtain real-time fire information in the building through fire alarms and fire sensor equipment, including the location of the fire, the trend of fire spread and the temperature of the fire source; Building structure data acquisition unit: used to collect real-time structural data inside the building through building structure sensors and camera equipment, including floor layout, door and window locations, and channel status.

[0007] Optionally, the personnel positioning module includes a positioning signal receiving unit, a data processing unit and a personnel identification unit; wherein: Positioning signal receiving unit: used to receive signals from a positioning device carried by a person through a positioning base station pre-deployed in a building, including a Wi-Fi access point, a Bluetooth beacon or a UWB base station, wherein the positioning device is a mobile phone or a smart bracelet; Data processing unit: used to process the received positioning signals, and use the triangulation positioning algorithm to calculate the current position of each person in real time based on the known base station location and signal strength; Personnel identification unit: It is used to combine RFID, QR code or smart card identification technology to determine the identity information of each person, and associate the identity information with the real-time location information to form the identity-location pairing data of each person.

[0008] Optionally, the position data processing unit includes: Signal reception and preprocessing: Receive signal data transmitted from the positioning signal receiving unit, including base station identification, signal strength and timestamp information; and remove noise by preprocessing the signal data; Combination of base station location and signal strength: Based on the preset known base station location and the received signal strength, the free space path loss model is used to calculate the distance between the base station and the positioning device; the relationship between signal strength and distance is expressed by the following formula: ,in, is the distance between the base station and the positioning device; is the transmission power of the base station; is the received signal power; is the path loss index; Triangulation positioning algorithm calculation: Based on the locations of at least three base stations and the distance from the positioning device, the triangulation positioning algorithm is used to calculate the specific location of each person. The known coordinates are , and , then the position coordinates of the person Solve the following system of equations: ; ; ;in, is the coordinate of base station A; is the coordinate of base station B; For base station The coordinates of They are positioning equipment and base station distance.

[0009] Optionally, the path optimization module includes an environment data processing unit, a fire information processing unit, a building structure data processing unit and a path calculation unit; wherein: Environmental data processing unit: used to receive environmental data provided by the data acquisition module, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, and evaluate the feasibility of passage in the building according to real-time environmental conditions. Specifically, by setting environmental thresholds, the fire area and the safe area are judged to identify the availability of safe exits, refuge areas and evacuation passages; Fire information processing unit: used to receive fire information provided by the data acquisition module, including the location of the fire, the temperature of the fire source and the fire spread trend, and mark the fire spread area according to the fire information; Building structure data processing unit: used to receive building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, including the floor layout, door and window locations and channel status inside the building, and analyze the building structure data to identify the smoothness of the channel and determine whether the channel is blocked or damaged; Path calculation unit: used to receive the real-time location information from the personnel positioning module and the environmental data, fire information and building structure data processed by the above units, calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path for each person through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and transmit the path information to the guidance control module.

[0010] Optionally, the environmental data processing unit includes: Environmental threshold setting: Based on the environmental data in the building, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, the temperature threshold and smoke concentration threshold are set when a fire occurs to determine the boundary between the fire and safety areas; Fire area identification: By monitoring real-time environmental data, it is determined whether the temperature and smoke density of a certain area exceed the preset fire threshold. Specifically, when the temperature of a certain area is higher than the temperature threshold and the smoke density is higher than the smoke density threshold, the area is determined to be a fire area; Safety area identification: When the temperature of an area is lower than the preset safety temperature threshold and the smoke concentration is lower than the safety smoke concentration threshold, the area is judged as a safe area.

[0011] Optionally, the building structure data processing unit includes: Building structure data reception: Receive building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, including floor layout, door and window locations, and channel status information inside the building; Channel accessibility analysis: Analyze the received building structure data to identify the accessibility of each evacuation channel. Specifically, the availability of the channel is determined by detecting whether there are physical obstacles or structural damage in the channel. The judgment formula is expressed as: ,in, It is the channel accessibility indicator, 1 means it is unobstructed, and 0 means it is blocked or damaged; is the result of physical obstacle detection in the channel, 0 means no obstacle, 1 means there is an obstacle; is the structural integrity test result of the channel, 0 means the structure is intact, and 1 means the structure is damaged; Channel status judgment: Based on the channel accessibility mark, judge whether each evacuation channel can be used for evacuation. The judgment is made specifically by the following formula: ,in, The channel availability flag, 1 indicates available, 0 indicates unavailable.

[0012] Optionally, the path calculation unit includes: Objective function definition subunit: used to define multiple optimization objective functions according to the needs of evacuation path optimization, including minimization of evacuation time , maximize path safety and balanced distribution of personnel , the specific definitions of the objective functions are: ; ; ;in, is the total number of evacuees; For the Evacuation time of persons; For the Path safety scores of people; For the The path distribution balance score of the personnel; Constraint setting subunit: used to set the constraints for evacuation path optimization, including the capacity limit of the evacuation channel , path accessibility and fire area avoidance , respectively expressed as: ; and ;in, For the Personnel selection The decision variables of the paths, Indicates choice, Indicates no choice; For the The capacity of the evacuation routes; For the The accessibility index of the evacuation routes, Indicates that the path is clear; For the The fire impact index of each path, It means the path is not affected by the fire; Optimization calculation subunit: used to calculate the evacuation path through a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization, and find the optimal evacuation path combination that meets all constraints through algorithm iterative search; Path generation subunit: used to generate a specific evacuation route for each person based on the optimal evacuation path combination obtained by optimization calculation, and transmit the generated path information to the guidance control module.

[0013] Optionally, the optimization calculation subunit includes: Particle swarm initialization: Initialize the particle swarm, including setting the number of particles in the particle swarm, the initial position and initial velocity of each particle; Fitness function calculation: define the fitness function Used to evaluate the quality of each particle's evacuation path combination; Speed ​​and position update: Update the speed and position of each particle according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm; Optimal path update: In each iteration, the fitness function value of the current particle is compared with its historical optimal fitness function value, and the historical optimal position of the particle is updated; at the same time, the fitness function values ​​of all particles are compared to update the global optimal position; Termination condition judgment: Set the termination condition of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, including reaching the maximum number of iterations or the fitness function value converging to the preset threshold; when any termination condition is met, stop the iteration and output the global optimal position as the optimal evacuation path for each person.

[0014] Optionally, the guidance control module includes an instruction generation unit and an output control unit; wherein: Instruction generation unit: used to receive the optimal evacuation path information provided by the path optimization module and the real-time location information provided by the personnel positioning module, and generate specific evacuation guidance instructions in real time, including evacuation route instructions and evacuation sequence arrangements; Output control unit: used to control various output devices according to the evacuation guidance instructions generated by the instruction generation unit, and provide evacuation guidance to the evacuees. The various output devices include voice broadcast, LED display screen and indicator light.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention can calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path in real time by collecting environmental data, fire information and building structure data in the building in real time and combining it with personnel positioning information. In emergency situations such as fire, the system can dynamically adjust the evacuation path to avoid the problem of evacuation path unsuitability caused by environmental changes in traditional systems, thereby maximizing the evacuation efficiency and safety of personnel.

[0016] The present invention adopts a multi-objective optimization algorithm. By combining environmental data, fire information, building structure information and personnel location information, it can accurately evaluate the real-time location of each person and provide personalized guidance according to the optimal path, thereby ensuring that all personnel can evacuate safely in the shortest time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a path optimization and personnel positioning and guiding system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a path optimization module according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiments", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0021] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0022] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the fire evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guidance system includes a data acquisition module, a personnel positioning module, a path optimization module and a guidance control module; wherein: Data acquisition module: used to collect real-time environmental data, fire information and building structure data in the building; Personnel positioning module: Based on wireless positioning technology, it collects the location information of each person in real time and transmits the real-time location information of the person to the path optimization module and the guidance control module; Path optimization module: used to receive environmental data, fire information and building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, as well as personnel location information provided by the personnel positioning module, calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path, and transmit the path information to the guidance control module; Guidance control module: used to generate and output evacuation guidance instructions in real time according to the optimal evacuation path provided by the path optimization module and the real-time location information provided by the personnel positioning module, instructing personnel to evacuate along the optimal path.

[0023] The data acquisition module includes an environmental data acquisition unit, a fire information acquisition unit and a building structure data acquisition unit; wherein: Environmental data acquisition unit: used to collect real-time environmental data in the building, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, through temperature and humidity sensors, smoke detectors and gas detectors; Fire information collection unit: used to obtain real-time fire information in the building through fire alarms and fire sensor equipment, including the location of the fire, the trend of fire spread and the temperature of the fire source; Building structure data acquisition unit: used to collect real-time structural data inside the building through building structure sensors and camera equipment, including floor layout, door and window positions and passage status; through real-time collection of environmental data, fire information and building structure data, ensure that the system can comprehensively and accurately obtain status information inside the building when a fire occurs.

[0024] The personnel positioning module includes a positioning signal receiving unit, a data processing unit and a personnel identification unit; wherein: Positioning signal receiving unit: used to receive signals from positioning devices carried by personnel through positioning base stations pre-deployed in buildings, including Wi-Fi access points, Bluetooth beacons or UWB base stations. The positioning devices are mobile phones or smart bracelets. Data processing unit: used to process the received positioning signals, and use the triangulation positioning algorithm to calculate the current position of each person in real time based on the known base station location and signal strength; Personnel identification unit: used to combine RFID, QR code or smart card identification technology to determine the identity information of each person, and associate the identity information with the real-time location information to form the identity-location pairing data of each person for subsequent path guidance and tracking; the above unit realizes dynamic tracking of each person through accurate collection of personnel location information and identity identification; the coordinated work of the positioning signal receiving unit, the data processing unit and the identity identification unit enables the system to obtain the location and identity information of each evacuee in real time and accurately, thereby improving the accuracy of evacuation path optimization and the efficiency of personnel guidance.

[0025] The location data processing unit includes: Signal reception and preprocessing: Receive signal data transmitted from the positioning signal receiving unit, including base station identification, signal strength and timestamp information; and preprocess the signal data to remove noise, screen valid signals, and ensure data reliability; Combination of base station location and signal strength: Based on the preset known base station location (coordinates) and the received signal strength, the free space path loss model is used to calculate the distance between the base station and the positioning device; the relationship between signal strength and distance is expressed by the following formula: ,in, is the distance between the base station and the positioning device (unit: meter); is the transmission power of the base station (unit: dBm); is the received signal power (unit: dBm); is the path loss index; Triangulation positioning algorithm calculation: Based on the locations of at least three base stations and the distance from the positioning device, the triangulation positioning algorithm is used to calculate the specific location of each person. The known coordinates are , and , then the position coordinates of the person Solve the following system of equations: ; ; ;in, is the coordinate of base station A; is the coordinate of base station B; For base station The coordinates of They are positioning equipment and base station By solving this set of equations, the precise coordinates of the positioning device are obtained , and transmit the coordinate data to the path optimization module; through the above steps, the data processing unit can calculate the personnel position in real time and accurately, thereby providing accurate data support for the optimization of the evacuation path.

[0026] The path optimization module includes an environmental data processing unit, a fire information processing unit, a building structure data processing unit and a path calculation unit; wherein: Environmental data processing unit: used to receive environmental data provided by the data acquisition module, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, and evaluate the feasibility of passage in the building according to real-time environmental conditions. Specifically, by setting environmental thresholds, the fire area and the safe area are judged to identify the availability of safe exits, refuge areas and evacuation passages; Fire information processing unit: used to receive fire information provided by the data acquisition module, including the location of the fire, the temperature of the fire source and the fire spread trend, and mark the fire spread area according to the fire information to avoid the fire danger area; Building structure data processing unit: used to receive building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, including the floor layout, door and window locations and channel status inside the building, and analyze the building structure data to identify the smoothness of the channel and determine whether the channel is blocked or damaged; Path calculation unit: used to receive the real-time location information from the personnel positioning module and the environmental data, fire information and building structure data processed by the above units, calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path for each person through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and transmit the path information to the guidance control module; through the multi-unit collaboration of the path optimization module, dynamic path optimization based on real-time environment, fire, building structure and personnel location information is realized. This optimization process ensures that each person can avoid the dangerous area in the shortest time and quickly reach the safe area, thereby improving the efficiency of fire evacuation and personnel safety.

[0027] The environmental data processing unit includes: Environmental threshold setting: According to the environmental data in the building, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, the thresholds of various environmental parameters are set to determine the fire area and safe area in the building; specifically, the temperature threshold and smoke concentration threshold are set when a fire occurs to determine the boundary between the fire and safe areas; Fire area identification: By monitoring real-time environmental data, it is determined whether the temperature and smoke density of a certain area exceed the preset fire threshold. Specifically, when the temperature of a certain area is higher than the temperature threshold and the smoke density is higher than the smoke density threshold, the area is determined to be a fire area; Safety area identification: When the temperature of an area is lower than the preset safety temperature threshold and the smoke concentration is lower than the safety smoke concentration threshold, the area is judged as a safe area.

[0028] The building structure data processing unit includes: Building structure data reception: Receive building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, including floor layout, door and window locations, and channel status information inside the building; Channel accessibility analysis: Analyze the received building structure data to identify the accessibility of each evacuation channel. Specifically, the availability of the channel is determined by detecting whether there are physical obstacles or structural damage in the channel. The judgment formula is expressed as: ,in, It is the channel accessibility indicator, 1 means it is unobstructed, and 0 means it is blocked or damaged; is the result of physical obstacle detection in the channel, 0 means no obstacle, 1 means there is an obstacle; is the structural integrity test result of the channel, 0 means the structure is intact, and 1 means the structure is damaged; Channel status judgment: Based on the channel accessibility mark, judge whether each evacuation channel can be used for evacuation. The judgment is made specifically by the following formula: ,in, is the channel availability identifier, 1 means available, 0 means unavailable; finally, the channel availability information can be combined with the building structure data to form a building evacuation channel status diagram for use by the path calculation unit; the above steps accurately identify the smoothness and availability of the evacuation channel through a detailed analysis of the building structure data, ensure the safety and effectiveness of the evacuation path, and improve the safety and efficiency of the fire evacuation process.

[0029] The path calculation unit includes: Objective function definition subunit: used to define multiple optimization objective functions according to the needs of evacuation path optimization, including minimization of evacuation time , maximize path safety and balanced distribution of personnel , the specific definitions of the objective functions are: ; ; ;in, is the total number of evacuees; For the Evacuation time of persons; For the Path safety scores of people; For the The path distribution balance score of the personnel; Constraint setting subunit: used to set the constraints for evacuation path optimization, including the capacity limit of the evacuation channel , path accessibility and fire area avoidance , respectively expressed as: ; and ;in, For the Personnel selection The decision variables of the paths, Indicates choice, Indicates no choice; For the The capacity of the evacuation routes; For the The accessibility index of the evacuation routes, Indicates that the path is clear; For the The fire impact index of each path, It means the path is not affected by the fire; Optimization calculation subunit: After defining the multi-objective optimization algorithm, objective function and constraints, it calculates the evacuation path through the multi-objective optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization, and finds the optimal evacuation path combination that meets all constraints through algorithm iterative search, ensuring the shortest evacuation time, the safest path and balanced personnel distribution; Path generation subunit: used to generate a specific evacuation route for each person based on the optimal evacuation path combination obtained by optimization calculation, and transmit the generated path information to the guidance control module; by adopting a multi-objective optimization algorithm, combined with multiple optimization goals such as evacuation time, safety and balanced distribution of personnel, it can accurately calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path for each person; by setting clear environmental thresholds and constraints, the path calculation unit can dynamically adjust the evacuation path in emergency situations such as fire to ensure that personnel can evacuate along the safest and most effective route.

[0030] The optimization calculation subunits include: Particle swarm initialization: Initialize the particle swarm, including setting the number of particles in the particle swarm , the initial position of each particle and initial velocity ,in ; Fitness function calculation: define the fitness function It is used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the evacuation path combination of each particle. The fitness function comprehensively considers the minimization of evacuation time, the maximization of path safety and the balance of personnel distribution. It is specifically expressed as: ,in, is the weight coefficient, satisfying ; is the total evacuation time; Sum the path safety scores; It is the sum of the scores for the balance of personnel distribution; Speed ​​and position update: According to the formula of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the speed and position of each particle are updated; the speed update formula is: ; The position update formula is: ;in, is the inertia weight; and is the acceleration constant; and For Random numbers in the interval; For particles The best historical position; is the global optimal position; Optimal path update: In each iteration, compare the fitness function value of the current particle with its historical optimal fitness function value, and update the historical optimal position of the particle ; At the same time, compare the fitness function values ​​of all particles and update the global optimal position ; Termination condition judgment: Set the termination condition of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, including reaching the maximum number of iterations or the fitness function value converging to the preset threshold; when any termination condition is met, stop the iteration and output the global optimal position As the optimal evacuation path for each person; the above steps, by adopting the particle swarm optimization algorithm, can dynamically optimize the evacuation path of each person in a complex fire environment by comprehensively considering multiple objectives such as evacuation time, path safety, and balanced distribution of personnel. The iterative search mechanism of the particle swarm optimization algorithm ensures the efficiency and optimality of the evacuation path, and significantly improves the response speed and decision-making accuracy of the evacuation system.

[0031] The guidance control module includes an instruction generation unit and an output control unit; wherein: Instruction generation unit: used to receive the optimal evacuation path information provided by the path optimization module and the real-time location information provided by the personnel positioning module, and generate specific evacuation guidance instructions in real time, including evacuation route instructions and evacuation sequence arrangements; Output control unit: used to control various output devices according to the evacuation guidance instructions generated by the instruction generation unit, and provide evacuation guidance to the evacuees. Various output devices include voice broadcasts, LED display screens and indicator lights to ensure that personnel can accurately understand and evacuate according to the instructions; through the collaborative work of multiple units of the guidance control module, dynamic evacuation guidance based on the optimal evacuation path and real-time location information is realized. The instruction generation unit ensures the accuracy and timeliness of the evacuation instructions. The output control unit conveys instructions in various forms to adapt to different environmental requirements, ensuring that personnel can evacuate the dangerous area quickly and orderly in an emergency, minimizing casualties and property losses.

[0032] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system, characterized by: It includes data collection module, personnel positioning module, path optimization module and guidance control module; among which: Data acquisition module: used to collect real-time environmental data, fire information and building structure data in the building; Personnel positioning module: Based on wireless positioning technology, it collects the location information of each person in real time and transmits the real-time location information of the person to the path optimization module and the guidance control module; Path optimization module: used to receive environmental data, fire information and building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, as well as personnel location information provided by the personnel positioning module, and calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path; Guidance control module: used to generate and output evacuation guidance instructions in real time according to the optimal evacuation path provided by the path optimization module and the real-time location information provided by the personnel positioning module, instructing personnel to evacuate along the optimal path.

2. The fire evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes an environmental data acquisition unit, a fire information acquisition unit and a building structure data acquisition unit; wherein: Environmental data acquisition unit: used to collect real-time environmental data in the building, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, through temperature and humidity sensors, smoke detectors and gas detectors; Fire information collection unit: used to obtain real-time fire information in the building through fire alarms and fire sensor equipment, including the location of the fire, the trend of fire spread and the temperature of the fire source; Building structure data acquisition unit: used to collect real-time structural data inside the building through building structure sensors and camera equipment, including floor layout, door and window locations, and channel status.

3. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The personnel positioning module includes a positioning signal receiving unit, a data processing unit and a personnel identification unit; wherein: Positioning signal receiving unit: used to receive signals from a positioning device carried by a person through a positioning base station pre-deployed in a building, including a Wi-Fi access point, a Bluetooth beacon or a UWB base station, wherein the positioning device is a mobile phone or a smart bracelet; Data processing unit: used to process the received positioning signals, and use the triangulation positioning algorithm to calculate the current position of each person in real time based on the known base station location and signal strength; Personnel identification unit: It is used to combine RFID, QR code or smart card identification technology to determine the identity information of each person, and associate the identity information with the real-time location information to form the identity-location pairing data of each person.

4. The fire evacuation path optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The position data processing unit comprises: Signal reception and preprocessing: Receive signal data transmitted from the positioning signal receiving unit, including base station identification, signal strength and timestamp information; and remove noise by preprocessing the signal data; Combination of base station location and signal strength: Based on the preset known base station location and the received signal strength, the free space path loss model is used to calculate the distance between the base station and the positioning device; the relationship between signal strength and distance is expressed by the following formula: ,in, is the distance between the base station and the positioning device; is the transmission power of the base station; is the received signal power; is the path loss index; Triangulation positioning algorithm calculation: Based on the locations of at least three base stations and the distance from the positioning device, the triangulation positioning algorithm is used to calculate the specific location of each person. The known coordinates are , and , then the position coordinates of the person Solve the following system of equations: ； ； ;in, is the coordinate of base station A; is the coordinate of base station B; For base station The coordinates of They are positioning equipment and base station distance.

5. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The path optimization module includes an environmental data processing unit, a fire information processing unit, a building structure data processing unit and a path calculation unit; wherein: Environmental data processing unit: used to receive environmental data provided by the data acquisition module, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, and evaluate the feasibility of passage in the building according to real-time environmental conditions. Specifically, by setting environmental thresholds, the fire area and the safe area are judged to identify the availability of safe exits, refuge areas and evacuation passages; Fire information processing unit: used to receive fire information provided by the data acquisition module, including the location of the fire, the temperature of the fire source and the fire spread trend, and mark the fire spread area according to the fire information; Building structure data processing unit: used to receive building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, including the floor layout, door and window locations and channel status inside the building, and analyze the building structure data to identify the smoothness of the channel and determine whether the channel is blocked or damaged; Path calculation unit: used to receive the real-time location information from the personnel positioning module and the environmental data, fire information and building structure data processed by the above units, calculate and generate the optimal evacuation path for each person through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and transmit the path information to the guidance control module.

6. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The environmental data processing unit comprises: Environmental threshold setting: Based on the environmental data in the building, including temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, the temperature threshold and smoke concentration threshold are set when a fire occurs to determine the boundary between the fire and safety areas; Fire area identification: By monitoring real-time environmental data, it is determined whether the temperature and smoke density of a certain area exceed the preset fire threshold. Specifically, when the temperature of a certain area is higher than the temperature threshold and the smoke density is higher than the smoke density threshold, the area is determined to be a fire area; Safety area identification: When the temperature of an area is lower than the preset safety temperature threshold and the smoke concentration is lower than the safety smoke concentration threshold, the area is judged as a safe area.

7. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The building structure data processing unit comprises: Building structure data reception: Receive building structure data provided by the data acquisition module, including floor layout, door and window locations, and channel status information inside the building; Channel accessibility analysis: Analyze the received building structure data to identify the accessibility of each evacuation channel. Specifically, the availability of the channel is determined by detecting whether there are physical obstacles or structural damage in the channel. The judgment formula is expressed as: ,in, It is the channel accessibility indicator, 1 means it is unobstructed, and 0 means it is blocked or damaged; is the result of the physical obstacle detection in the channel, 0 means no obstacle, 1 means there is an obstacle; is the structural integrity test result of the channel, 0 means the structure is intact, and 1 means the structure is damaged; Channel status judgment: Based on the channel accessibility mark, judge whether each evacuation channel can be used for evacuation. The judgment is made specifically through the following formula: ,in, The channel availability flag, 1 indicates available, 0 indicates unavailable.

8. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The path calculation unit comprises: Objective function definition subunit: used to define multiple optimization objective functions according to the needs of evacuation path optimization, including minimization of evacuation time , maximize path safety and balanced distribution of personnel , the specific definitions of the objective functions are: ; ; ;in, is the total number of evacuees; For the Evacuation time of persons; For the Path safety scores of people; For the The path distribution balance score of the personnel; Constraint setting subunit: used to set the constraints for evacuation path optimization, including the capacity limit of the evacuation channel , path accessibility and fire area avoidance , respectively expressed as: ; and ;in, For the Personnel selection The decision variables of the paths, Indicates choice, Indicates no choice; For the The capacity of the evacuation routes; For the The accessibility index of the evacuation routes, Indicates that the path is clear; For the The fire impact index of each path, It means the path is not affected by the fire; Optimization calculation subunit: used to calculate the evacuation path through a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization, and find the optimal evacuation path combination that meets all constraints through algorithm iterative search; Path generation subunit: used to generate a specific evacuation route for each person based on the optimal evacuation path combination obtained by optimization calculation, and transmit the generated path information to the guidance control module.

9. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The optimization calculation subunit comprises: Particle swarm initialization: Initialize the particle swarm, including setting the number of particles in the particle swarm, the initial position and initial velocity of each particle; Fitness function calculation: define the fitness function Used to evaluate the quality of each particle's evacuation path combination; Speed ​​and position update: Update the speed and position of each particle according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm; Optimal path update: In each iteration, the fitness function value of the current particle is compared with its historical optimal fitness function value, and the historical optimal position of the particle is updated; at the same time, the fitness function values ​​of all particles are compared to update the global optimal position; Termination condition judgment: Set the termination condition of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, including reaching the maximum number of iterations or the fitness function value converging to the preset threshold; when any termination condition is met, stop the iteration and output the global optimal position as the optimal evacuation path for each person.

10. The fire evacuation route optimization and personnel positioning guidance system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guidance control module includes an instruction generation unit and an output control unit; wherein: Instruction generation unit: used to receive the optimal evacuation path information provided by the path optimization module and the real-time location information provided by the personnel positioning module, and generate specific evacuation guidance instructions in real time, including evacuation route instructions and evacuation sequence arrangements; Output control unit: used to control various output devices according to the evacuation guidance instructions generated by the instruction generation unit, and provide evacuation guidance to the evacuees. The various output devices include voice broadcast, LED display screen and indicator light.

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