Hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system and an operation method, and relates to the field of energy and power devices. The system is formed by connecting a plurality of single cell cooling modules in parallel, is divided into a multi-cell parallel module and a single cell cooling module, and mainly comprises a preheating pipeline, a water inlet and outlet pipeline, a capillary channel, a cooling flow channel, a phase change layer, a fuel cell stack, a heat regenerator, an air preheater, an air flow channel, a hydrogen storage device and the like. A capillary channel is designed in a single battery cooling module, a phase change material is wrapped outside the single battery cooling module, a bionic cobweb cooling runner is designed, and heat generated by electrochemical reaction passes through the capillary channel and is discharged to an air preheater in a hot water form to preheat air; meanwhile, the external phase change layer absorbs redundant heat to control the temperature of the battery to be within the optimal working range, and the bionic cobweb cooling flow channel is used for cooling the phase change layer in time to realize recycling of the phase change layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cooling system and an operating method for a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and relates to the field of energy and power devices. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells have attracted much attention due to their high power density, energy conversion efficiency, and low / zero emissions. In recent years, with the guidance of national policies, the commercialization process of hydrogen fuel cells has been accelerating. However, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) generate a lot of heat during operation, which needs to be effectively managed to maintain the battery stack and other components working within a suitable temperature range to ensure the normal operation of the system. Traditional thermal management systems mainly include components such as water pumps, thermostats, heaters, intercoolers, cooling pipes, radiators, and cooling fans. However, these systems have problems such as slow response speed and large temperature fluctuations when dealing with high heat flux density and complex working conditions. Therefore, designing an efficient thermal management system that can adapt to the unique operating environment of hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cells is of great significance to ensure the safe and efficient operation of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0003] At present, the thermal management system in this field cannot solve the above problems well. Patent CN110676481A discloses a thermal management system for hydrogen-powered automobile fuel cells. The system realizes accurate management of fuel cell temperature through the coordinated work of water pump, PEMFC stack, thermocouple, PTC heater, thermostat, FCE radiator and three-way valve. The system is particularly suitable for fuel cells with higher power. Through the design of small circulation loop and large circulation loop, the cooling water is cooled and heated respectively, showing excellent temperature control ability and environmental adaptability. However, the flow channel layout in the system will lead to uneven flow and dead zone of cooling water, reducing the heat exchange performance of the system. For example, patent CN115395045A discloses a thermal management system and control method for the startup and operation of high-temperature PEMFC for automobiles. The system uses the integrated design of composite temperature averaging plate, heating plate, preheater and radiator to realize rapid startup and effective heat dissipation of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The system is particularly suitable for temperature management under different working conditions, including rapid heating in the startup phase and fuel preheating and waste heat utilization in the operation phase, showing efficient energy utilization and environmental adaptability. However, the preheater and heat sink design in the system will reach an efficiency bottleneck under high temperature and high pressure environments, limiting the rapid exchange of heat.

[0004] Taking into account the characteristics of energy saving and battery temperature control, the present invention designs an operating method of a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system, which relates to the field of energy and power devices. The present invention mainly includes preheating pipes, water inlet and outlet pipes, capillary pipes, cooling channels, phase change layers, fuel cell stacks, regenerators, air preheaters, air channels, hydrogen storage devices and other devices, which are composed of multiple battery cooling modules in parallel. A capillary channel is designed inside a single battery cooling module, and a phase change material is wrapped outside and a bionic spider web cooling channel is designed. The heat generated by the electrochemical reaction is discharged to the air preheater in the form of hot water through the capillary channel to preheat the air. At the same time, the external phase change layer absorbs excess heat to control the battery temperature within the optimal working range, and the bionic spider web cooling channel cools the phase change layer in time to achieve the recycling of the phase change layer. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects in the background technology and provide an operating method of a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The system consists of multiple single battery cooling modules connected in parallel, which are divided into multi-battery parallel modules and single battery cooling modules;

[0008] The multi-battery parallel module is composed of a first preheating pipeline 1, a second preheating pipeline 2, a first water outlet pipeline 3, a second water outlet pipeline 4, a first water inlet pipeline 5, a second water inlet pipeline 6, a capillary channel 7, a first external phase change layer 801, a second external phase change layer 802, a first cooling layer 9, a second cooling layer 10, a first fuel cell 1101, a second fuel cell 1102, a third fuel cell 1103, a fourth fuel cell 1104, a fifth fuel cell 1105, a first regenerator 12, a second regenerator 13, a fuel cell stack 14, an air inlet 15, an air preheater 16, an air flow channel 17, a first hydrogen storage device 1801, and a second hydrogen storage device 1802; the first water outlet pipeline 3 is composed of a first outlet 301 of the first water outlet pipeline, a first outlet 302 of the first The outlet pipe second outlet 302 and the first outlet pipe third outlet 303 are composed of; the second outlet pipe 4 is composed of the second outlet pipe first outlet 401, the second outlet pipe second outlet 402 and the second outlet pipe third outlet 403; the first inlet pipe 5 is composed of the first inlet pipe first inlet 501, the first outlet pipe second inlet 502 and the first inlet pipe third inlet 503; the second inlet pipe 6 is composed of the second inlet pipe first inlet 601, the second outlet pipe second inlet 602 and the second inlet pipe third inlet 603; the capillary pipe 7 is composed of the first capillary pipe 701, the second capillary pipe 702, the third capillary pipe 703, the fourth capillary pipe 704 and the fifth capillary pipe 705; the first cooling layer 9 is composed of The first cooling layer is composed of a first cooling channel 901, a second cooling channel 902, and a third cooling channel 903 of the first cooling layer; the second cooling layer 10 is composed of a first cooling channel 1001 of the second cooling layer, a second cooling channel 1002 of the second cooling layer, and a third cooling channel 1003 of the second cooling layer; wherein the first preheating pipe 1 is connected to the first capillary pipe 701 and the second capillary pipe 702, the second preheating pipe 2 is connected to the third capillary pipe 703, the fourth capillary pipe 704, and the fifth capillary pipe 705, the first water outlet pipe 3 is connected to the first outlet 301 of the first water outlet pipe, the second outlet 302 of the first water outlet pipe, and the third outlet 303 of the first water outlet pipe, and the second water outlet pipe 4 is connected to the first outlet 401 of the second water outlet pipe, The second outlet 402 of the second water outlet pipe and the third outlet 403 of the second water outlet pipe, the first water inlet pipe 5 is connected to the first inlet 501 of the first water inlet pipe, the second inlet 502 of the first water outlet pipe and the third inlet 503 of the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe 6 is connected to the first inlet 601 of the second water inlet pipe, the second inlet 602 of the second water outlet pipe and the third inlet 603 of the second water inlet pipe, the first outer phase change layer 801 is connected to the first cooling channel 901 of the first cooling layer, the first cooling channel 901 of the first cooling layer is connected to the first outlet 301 of the first water outlet pipe, the first inlet 601 of the second water inlet pipe and the first fuel cell 1101, the first fuel cell 1101 is connected to the third capillary channel 703 and the first cooling channel 1001 of the second cooling layer,The first cooling channel 1001 of the second cooling layer is connected to the first outlet 401 of the second water outlet pipe, the first inlet 501 of the first water inlet pipe, and the second fuel cell 1102. The second fuel cell 1102 is connected to the first capillary channel 701 and the second cooling channel 902 of the first cooling layer. The second cooling channel 902 of the first cooling layer is connected to the second outlet 302 of the first water outlet pipe, the second inlet 602 of the second water outlet pipe, and the third fuel cell 1103. The third fuel cell 1103 is connected to the fourth capillary channel 704 and the second cooling channel 1002 of the second cooling layer. The second cooling channel 1002 of the second cooling layer is connected to the second outlet 402 of the second water outlet pipe, the second inlet 502 of the first water outlet pipe, and the fourth fuel cell 1103. The material battery 1104, the fourth fuel cell 1104 is connected to the second capillary channel 702, the third cooling channel 903 of the first cooling layer, the third cooling channel 903 of the first cooling layer is connected to the third outlet 303 of the first water outlet pipe, the third inlet 603 of the second water inlet pipe, the fifth fuel cell 1105, the fifth fuel cell 1105 is connected to the fifth capillary channel 705, the third cooling channel 1003 of the second cooling layer, the third cooling channel 1003 of the second cooling layer is connected to the third outlet 403 of the second water outlet pipe, the third inlet 503 of the first water inlet pipe, the second outer phase change layer 802, the first regenerator 12 is connected to the first water outlet pipe 3, the first water inlet pipe 5, and the second regenerator 13 is connected to the second water outlet pipe 4 , a second water inlet pipe 6, a fuel cell stack 14 connected to a capillary pipe 7, an air flow channel 17, a first hydrogen storage device 1801, a second hydrogen storage device 1802, an air inlet 15 connected to an air preheater 16, an air preheater 16 connected to an air flow channel 17, a first outer phase change layer 801, a first cooling layer first cooling channel 901, a first fuel cell 1101, a second cooling layer first cooling channel 1001, a second fuel cell 1102, a first cooling layer second cooling channel 902, a third fuel cell 1103, a second cooling layer second cooling channel 1002, a fourth fuel cell 1104, a first cooling layer third cooling channel 903, a fifth fuel cell 1105, a second cooling layer third The cooling channel 1003 and the second outer phase change layer 802 are completely overlapped and connected from the top to the bottom. The first preheating pipe 1, the first capillary pipe 701, and the second capillary pipe 702 are located in front of the entire battery stack. The second preheating pipe 2, the third capillary pipe 703, the fourth capillary pipe 704, and the fifth capillary pipe 705 are located behind the entire battery stack. The first water outlet pipe 3, the first water inlet pipe 5, the first outlet 301 of the first water outlet pipe, the second outlet 302 of the first water outlet pipe, the third outlet 303 of the first water outlet pipe, the first inlet 1101 of the first cooling channel, the second inlet 1102 of the first cooling channel, and the third inlet 1103 of the first cooling channel are located on the left side of the entire battery stack.The second water outlet pipe 4, the second water inlet pipe 6, the first inlet 1004 of the second cooling channel, the second inlet 1005 of the second cooling channel, the third inlet 1006 of the second cooling channel, the first inlet 501 of the first water inlet pipe, the second inlet 502 of the first water outlet pipe, and the third inlet 503 of the first water inlet pipe are located on the right side of the entire battery stack;

[0009] A single battery cooling module is composed of a first phase change layer 1901, a second phase change layer 1902, a first bipolar plate 2001, a second bipolar plate 2002, an anode gas flow channel 2101, a cathode gas flow channel 2102, a fuel cell reaction layer 22, a capillary layer 23, an upper cooling layer 24, and a lower cooling layer 25; wherein the upper cooling layer 24 is connected to the first phase change layer 1901, the first phase change layer 1901 is connected to the first bipolar plate 2001, the first bipolar plate 2001 is connected to the anode gas flow channel 2101, the anode gas flow channel 2101 is connected to the fuel cell reaction layer 22, the fuel cell reaction layer 22 is connected to the capillary layer 23, and the capillary layer 23 is connected to the second bipolar plate 2 002, the second bipolar plate 2002 is connected to the second phase change layer 1902, the second phase change layer 1902 is connected to the lower cooling layer 25, the capillary layer 23, the first phase change layer 1901, the first bipolar plate 2001, the anode gas flow channel 2101, the fuel cell reaction layer 22, the capillary layer 23, the second bipolar plate 2002, the second phase change layer 1902, and the lower cooling layer 25 are completely overlapped and connected in sequence from top to bottom; wherein the multi-battery cooling module is composed of a plurality of single-battery cooling modules in parallel, and the capillary channel 7, the first cooling layer 9, and the second cooling layer 10 in the multi-battery cooling module are the capillary layer 23, the upper cooling layer 24, and the lower cooling layer 25 in the single battery cooling module respectively;

[0010] The regular decagonal bionic spider web flow channel is composed of a bionic flow channel inlet 26, a bionic flow channel tributary channel 27, an aluminum plate 28, a bionic flow channel main channel 29, and a bionic flow channel outlet 30; wherein the bionic flow channel inlet 26 connects the bionic flow channel tributary channel 27 and the bionic flow channel main channel 29, the bionic flow channel outlet 30 connects the bionic flow channel tributary channel 27 and the bionic flow channel main channel 29, the bionic flow channel inlet 26, the bionic flow channel main channel 29, and the bionic flow channel outlet 30 are on the same straight line, and at the center of the bionic flow channel main channel 29, the bionic flow channel tributary channel 27 with a regular decagonal structure is evenly radiated outward in imitation of the spider web structure, and the entire flow channel is wrapped by the aluminum plate 28. Furthermore, the first preheating pipe 1, the second preheating pipe 2, the first water outlet pipe 3, the second water outlet pipe 4, the first water inlet pipe 5, the second water inlet pipe 6, and the air flow channel 17 use aluminum pipes;

[0011] Furthermore, the first preheating pipe 1, the second preheating pipe 2, the first water outlet pipe 3, the second water outlet pipe 4, the first water inlet pipe 5, the second water inlet pipe 6, and the air flow channel 17 are made of aluminum pipes;

[0012] Furthermore, the first capillary channel 701, the second capillary channel 702, the third capillary channel 703, the fourth capillary channel 704, and the fifth capillary channel 705 in the capillary channel 7 use regular decagonal aluminum flow channels;

[0013] Furthermore, the first outer phase change layer 801 and the second outer phase change layer 802 use a composite phase change material of paraffin and expanded graphite;

[0014] Furthermore, the first cooling layer first cooling channel 901, the first cooling layer second cooling channel 902, and the first cooling layer third cooling channel 903 in the first cooling layer 9 use regular decagonal bionic spider web aluminum channels;

[0015] Furthermore, the second cooling layer first cooling channel 1001, the second cooling layer second cooling channel 1002, and the second cooling layer third cooling channel 1003 in the second cooling layer 10 use regular decagonal bionic spider web aluminum channels;

[0016] Furthermore, the first fuel cell 1101, the second fuel cell 1102, the third fuel cell 1103, the fourth fuel cell 1104, and the fifth fuel cell 1105 in the fuel cell stack 14 use hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cells;

[0017] Furthermore, the first regenerator 12, the second regenerator 13, and the air preheater 16 use plate heat exchangers;

[0018] Further, the first hydrogen storage device 1801 and the second hydrogen storage device 1802 use compressed hydrogen storage tanks;

[0019] Furthermore, the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902 use a composite phase change material of paraffin and expanded graphite;

[0020] Furthermore, the first bipolar plate 2001 and the second bipolar plate 2002 use regular decagonal bionic spider web graphite bipolar plates.

[0021] Furthermore, a method for operating a cooling system of a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the following process:

[0022] The heat generated by a single battery cooling module during operation exists in the form of hot water as a reaction product and in the form of temperature differences between the layers inside the module. The hot water is discharged through the capillary 7, and the excess heat generated by the temperature differences between the layers is absorbed by the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902. The phase change layer changes from solid state heat absorption to liquid state, wherein the heat is then transferred to the first cooling layer 9 and the second cooling layer 10 through the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902. In this process, the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902 change from liquid state heat release to solid state, thereby achieving the recycling and constant temperature effect of the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902.

[0023] When the multi-battery cooling module composed of a plurality of single-battery cooling modules connected in parallel is working, the hot water generated by each single-battery cooling module passes through the capillary tube 7, and is collected in the first preheating pipe 1 and the second preheating pipe 2 in the multi-battery cooling module in a countercurrent form, and the hot water is transferred to the air preheater 16 through the first preheating pipe 1 and the second preheating pipe 2 to heat the low-temperature air at the air inlet 15, thereby improving the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the cathode reaction gas air, and the heated air enters the fuel cell stack 14 through the air flow channel 17 to electrochemically react with the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage device 1801 and the second hydrogen storage device 1802;

[0024] The cooling water enters the first cooling layer 9 and the second cooling layer 10 through the first water inlet pipe 5 and the second water inlet pipe 6. In addition to the heat taken away in the form of hot water as a reaction product in the multi-battery cooling module, the excess heat is transferred to the cooling water in the first cooling layer 9 and the second cooling layer 10 through the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902. The high-temperature cooling water after absorbing heat is collected in the first water outlet pipe 3 and the second water outlet pipe 4 in the form of countercurrent, and exchanges heat with the low-temperature cooling water in the first water inlet pipe 5 and the second water inlet pipe 6 through the first heat regenerator 12 and the second heat regenerator 13, so as to reduce the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water and realize the recycling of cooling water.

[0025] Furthermore, when the multi-battery cooling module is working, the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell is maintained in the optimal working range of 60-80°C by changing the cooling water flow rate.

[0026] Furthermore, the use of regular decagonal bionic spider web flow channels can improve cooling efficiency while significantly reducing fluid flow resistance, reducing fluid pressure drop and making battery temperature distribution more uniform.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The present invention utilizes bionic spider web cooling channels to improve cooling efficiency and achieve more uniform temperature distribution;

[0029] The present invention realizes the recovery of hot water produced by electrochemical reaction through capillary channels to heat cold air; fully utilizes high-temperature cooling water and low-temperature cooling water for heat exchange to realize the recovery and recycling of cooling water and improve energy efficiency;

[0030] The present invention uses phase change materials to wrap the battery to achieve constant temperature requirements, ensuring that the battery operates stably within the optimal operating temperature range. At the same time, the battery module and cooling water cooling are integrated together to simplify the design and improve the compactness and efficiency of the system. Through the parallel module design, the scalability and flexibility of the system are enhanced to adapt to the needs of different scales. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a multi-battery parallel module of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 1 The label names in the figure are as follows: 1. first preheating pipeline, 2. second preheating pipeline, 3. first water outlet pipeline, 301. first outlet of first water outlet pipeline, 302. second outlet of first water outlet pipeline, 303. third outlet of first water outlet pipeline, 4. second water outlet pipeline, 401. first outlet of second water outlet pipeline, 402. second outlet of second water outlet pipeline, 403. third outlet of second water outlet pipeline, 5. first water inlet pipeline, 501. first inlet of first water inlet pipeline, 502. second inlet of first water outlet pipeline, 503. third inlet of first water inlet pipeline, 6. second water inlet pipeline, 601. first inlet of second water inlet pipeline, 602. second inlet of second water outlet pipeline, 603. third inlet of second water inlet pipeline, 7. capillary pipeline, 70 1. first capillary channel, 702. second capillary channel, 703. third capillary channel, 704. fourth capillary channel, 705. fifth capillary channel, 801. first external phase change layer, 802. second external phase change layer, 9. first cooling layer, 901. first cooling channel of first cooling layer, 902. second cooling channel of first cooling layer, 903. third cooling channel of first cooling layer, 10. second cooling layer, 1001. first cooling channel of second cooling layer, 1002. second cooling channel of second cooling layer, 1003. third cooling channel of second cooling layer, 1101. first fuel cell, 1102. second fuel cell, 1103. third fuel cell, 1104. fourth fuel cell, 1105. fifth fuel cell.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-battery parallel module of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2The label names in are: 1. first preheating pipeline, 2. second preheating pipeline, 3. first water outlet pipeline, 301. first outlet of first water outlet pipeline, 302. second outlet of first water outlet pipeline, 303. third outlet of first water outlet pipeline, 4. second water outlet pipeline, 401. first outlet of second water outlet pipeline, 402. second outlet of second water outlet pipeline, 403. third outlet of second water outlet pipeline, 5. first water inlet pipeline, 501. first inlet of first water inlet pipeline, 502. second inlet of first water outlet pipeline, 503. third inlet of first water inlet pipeline, 6. second water inlet pipeline, 601. first inlet of second water inlet pipeline, 602. second inlet of second water outlet pipeline, 603. third inlet of second water inlet pipeline, 7. capillary pipeline, 701. first capillary pipeline, 702, second capillary channel, 703, third capillary channel, 704, fourth capillary channel, 705, fifth capillary channel, 801, first external phase change layer, 802, second external phase change layer, 9, first cooling layer, 901, first cooling channel of first cooling layer, 902, second cooling channel of first cooling layer, 903, third cooling channel of first cooling layer, 10, second cooling layer, 1001, first cooling channel of second cooling layer, 1002, second cooling channel of second cooling layer, 1003, third cooling channel of second cooling layer, 1101, first fuel cell, 1102, second fuel cell, 1103, third fuel cell, 1104, fourth fuel cell, 1105, fifth fuel cell, 12, first regenerator, 13, second regenerator.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a top view of a multi-battery parallel module of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 7, capillary channel, 14, fuel cell stack, 15, air inlet, 16, air preheater, 17, air flow channel, 1801, first hydrogen storage device, 1802, second hydrogen storage device.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a single battery cooling module of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1901, first phase change layer, 1902, second phase change layer, 2001, first bipolar plate, 2002, second bipolar plate, 2101, anode gas flow channel, 2102, cathode gas flow channel, 22, fuel cell reaction layer, 23, capillary layer, 24, upper cooling layer, 25, lower cooling layer.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the regular decagonal bionic spider web flow channel of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5The label names are: 26, bionic flow channel inlet, 27, bionic flow channel branch channel, 28, aluminum plate, 29, bionic flow channel main channel, 30, bionic flow channel outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a method for operating a cooling system for a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell is mainly composed of multiple single cell cooling modules connected in parallel. The main components include a first preheating pipe 1, a second preheating pipe 2, a first water outlet pipe 3, a first outlet 301 of the first water outlet pipe, a second outlet 302 of the first water outlet pipe, a third outlet 303 of the first water outlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe 4, a first outlet 401 of the second water outlet pipe, a second outlet 402 of the second water outlet pipe, a third outlet 403 of the second water outlet pipe, a first water inlet pipe 5, a first inlet 501 of the first water inlet pipe, a second inlet 502 of the first water outlet pipe, a third inlet 503 of the first water inlet pipe, a second water inlet pipe 6, a first inlet 601 of the second water inlet pipe, a second inlet 602 of the second water outlet pipe, a third inlet 603 of the second water inlet pipe, a capillary pipe 7, a first capillary pipe 701, a second capillary pipe 702, a third capillary pipe 703, a fourth capillary pipe 704, a fifth capillary pipe 705, a first external phase change layer 801, a second external phase change layer 802, a first Cooling layer 9, first cooling channel 901 of the first cooling layer, second cooling channel 902 of the first cooling layer, third cooling channel 903 of the first cooling layer, second cooling layer 10, first cooling channel 1001 of the second cooling layer, second cooling channel 1002 of the second cooling layer, third cooling channel 1003 of the second cooling layer, first fuel cell 1101, second fuel cell 1102, third fuel cell 1103, fourth fuel cell 1104, fifth fuel cell 1105, first regenerator 12, second regenerator 13, fuel cell stack 14, air inlet 15, air preheater 16, air channel 17, first hydrogen storage device 1801, second hydrogen storage device 1802, first phase change layer 1901, second phase change layer 1902, first bipolar plate 2001, second bipolar plate 2002, anode gas channel 2101, cathode gas channel 2102, fuel cell reaction layer 22;

[0043] The system is used to design a capillary channel 7 inside a single battery cooling module, and the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902 are wrapped outside and designed with a first cooling layer 9 and a second cooling layer 10. The heat generated by the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell is discharged to the air preheater 16 in the form of hot water through the capillary channel 7 to preheat the air. At the same time, the first phase change layer 1901 and the second phase change layer 1902 absorb excess heat to control the battery temperature within the optimal working range. The first cooling layer 9 and the second cooling layer 10 cool the phase change layer in time to achieve the recycling of the phase change layer.

[0044] The multi-battery cooling module integrates a single battery cooling module into a whole, and wraps the first outer phase change layer 801 and the second outer phase change layer 802 on the outermost side. The internal first cooling layer cooling channels 901-903, the second cooling layer cooling channels 1001-1003 and the capillary tubes 701-705 are cross-arranged in a countercurrent heat exchange manner. The high-temperature cooling water flows out of the cooling channel into the first water outlet pipe 3 and the second water outlet pipe 4, and the low-temperature cooling water of the first water inlet pipe 5 and the second water inlet pipe 6 is countercurrently exchanged with the first heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 13 to reduce the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water and realize the recycling of the cooling water. The hot water flows out of the capillary tubes 701-705 inside the battery into the first preheating pipe 1 and the second preheating pipe 2, and is transferred to the air preheater 16 to heat the low-temperature air at the air inlet 15, thereby improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system, characterized in that: The system consists of multiple single battery cooling modules connected in parallel, which are divided into multi-battery parallel modules and single battery cooling modules; The multi-battery parallel module comprises a first preheating pipe (1), a second preheating pipe (2), a first water outlet pipe (3), a second water outlet pipe (4), a first water inlet pipe (5), a second water inlet pipe (6), a capillary pipe (7), a first external phase change layer (801), a second external phase change layer (802), a first cooling layer (9), a second cooling layer (10), a first fuel cell (1101), a second fuel cell (1102), a third fuel cell (1103), a fourth fuel cell (1104), and a fifth fuel cell. The invention relates to a battery (1105), a first heat exchanger (12), a second heat exchanger (13), a fuel cell stack (14), an air inlet (15), an air preheater (16), an air flow channel (17), a first hydrogen storage device (1801), and a second hydrogen storage device (1802); the first water outlet pipeline (3) is composed of a first outlet (301) of the first water outlet pipeline, a second outlet (302) of the first water outlet pipeline, and a third outlet (303) of the first water outlet pipeline; the second water outlet pipeline (4) is composed of a first outlet (40 1), the second outlet pipe second outlet (402), the second outlet pipe third outlet (403); the first water inlet pipe (5) is composed of the first inlet pipe first inlet (501), the first outlet pipe second inlet (502), the first inlet pipe third inlet (503); the second water inlet pipe (6) is composed of the second inlet pipe first inlet (601), the second outlet pipe second inlet (602), the second inlet pipe third inlet (603); the capillary pipe (7) is composed of the first capillary pipe (701), The first cooling layer (9) is composed of a first cooling channel (901) of the first cooling layer, a second cooling channel (902) of the first cooling layer, and a third cooling channel (903) of the first cooling layer; the second cooling layer (10) is composed of a first cooling channel (1001) of the second cooling layer, a second cooling channel (1002) of the second cooling layer, and a third cooling channel (1003) of the second cooling layer; The first preheating pipe (1) is connected to the first capillary pipe (701) and the second capillary pipe (702); the second preheating pipe (2) is connected to the third capillary pipe (703), the fourth capillary pipe (704) and the fifth capillary pipe (705); the first water outlet pipe (3) is connected to the first outlet (301) of the first water outlet pipe, the second outlet (302) of the first water outlet pipe and the third outlet (303) of the first water outlet pipe; the second water outlet pipe (4) is connected to the first outlet (401) of the second water outlet pipe, the second outlet (402) of the second water outlet pipe and the third outlet (403) of the second water outlet pipe; the first water inlet pipe (5) is connected to the first inlet (501) of the first water inlet pipe and the second inlet (502) of the first water outlet pipe. , a third inlet (503) of the first water inlet pipeline, the second water inlet pipeline (6) is connected to the first inlet (601) of the second water inlet pipeline, the second inlet (602) of the second water outlet pipeline, and the third inlet (603) of the second water inlet pipeline, the first outer phase change layer (801) is connected to the first cooling channel (901) of the first cooling layer, the first cooling channel (901) of the first cooling layer is connected to the first outlet (301) of the first water outlet pipeline, the first inlet (601) of the second water inlet pipeline, and the first fuel cell (1101), the first fuel cell (1101) is connected to the third capillary channel (703), the first cooling channel (1001) of the second cooling layer, and the first cooling channel (1001) of the second cooling layer is connected to the first outlet (40 1), a first inlet (501) of a first water inlet pipe, a second fuel cell (1102), the second fuel cell (1102) connected to a first capillary pipe (701), a second cooling channel (902) of a first cooling layer, the second cooling channel (902) of the first cooling layer connected to a second outlet (302) of a first water outlet pipe, a second inlet (602) of a second water outlet pipe, a third fuel cell (1103), the third fuel cell (1103) connected to a fourth capillary pipe (704), a second cooling channel (1002) of a second cooling layer, the second cooling channel (1002) of the second cooling layer connected to a second outlet (402) of a second water outlet pipe, a second inlet (502) of a first water outlet pipe, and a fourth fuel cell (1104) The fourth fuel cell (1104) is connected to the second capillary channel (702) and the third cooling channel (903) of the first cooling layer; the third cooling channel (903) of the first cooling layer is connected to the third outlet (303) of the first water outlet pipe, the third inlet (603) of the second water inlet pipe, and the fifth fuel cell (1105); the fifth fuel cell (1105) is connected to the fifth capillary channel (705) and the third cooling channel (1003) of the second cooling layer; the third cooling channel (1003) of the second cooling layer is connected to the third outlet (403) of the second water outlet pipe, the third inlet (503) of the first water inlet pipe, and the second outer phase change layer (802); the first heat exchanger (12) is connected to the first water outlet pipe (3) and the first water inlet pipe (5);The second regenerator (13) is connected to the second water outlet pipe (4) and the second water inlet pipe (6); the fuel cell stack (14) is connected to the capillary pipe (7), the air flow channel (17), the first hydrogen storage device (1801), and the second hydrogen storage device (1802); the air inlet (15) is connected to the air preheater (16); the air preheater (16) is connected to the air flow channel (17); the first external phase change layer (801), the first cooling layer, the first cooling flow channel (901), the first fuel cell (1101), and the second cooling layer The first cooling channel (1001), the second fuel cell (1102), the second cooling channel (902) of the first cooling layer, the third fuel cell (1103), the second cooling channel (1002) of the second cooling layer, the fourth fuel cell (1104), the third cooling channel (903) of the first cooling layer, the fifth fuel cell (1105), the third cooling channel (1003) of the second cooling layer, and the second outer phase change layer (802) are completely overlapped and connected in sequence from the top to the bottom, and the first preheating pipeline (1), the first The capillary channel (701) and the second capillary channel (702) are located in front of the entire battery stack; the second preheating channel (2), the third capillary channel (703), the fourth capillary channel (704), and the fifth capillary channel (705) are located behind the entire battery stack; the first water outlet channel (3), the first water inlet channel (5), the first outlet of the first water outlet channel (301), the second outlet of the first water outlet channel (302), the third outlet of the first water outlet channel (303), the first inlet of the first cooling channel (1101), The second inlet (1102) of the first cooling channel and the third inlet (1103) of the first cooling channel are located on the left side of the entire battery stack, and the second water outlet pipe (4), the second water inlet pipe (6), the first inlet (1004) of the second cooling channel, the second inlet (1005) of the second cooling channel, the third inlet (1006) of the second cooling channel, the first inlet (501) of the first water inlet pipe, the second inlet (502) of the first water outlet pipe, and the third inlet (503) of the first water inlet pipe are located on the right side of the entire battery stack; A single battery cooling module is composed of a first phase change layer (1901), a second phase change layer (1902), a first bipolar plate (2001), a second bipolar plate (2002), an anode gas flow channel (2101), a cathode gas flow channel (2102), a fuel cell reaction layer (22), a capillary layer (23), an upper cooling layer (24), and a lower cooling layer (25); The upper cooling layer (24) is connected to the first phase change layer (1901), the first phase change layer (1901) is connected to the first bipolar plate (2001), the first bipolar plate (2001) is connected to the anode gas flow channel (2101), the anode gas flow channel (2101) is connected to the fuel cell reaction layer (22), the fuel cell reaction layer (22) is connected to the capillary layer (23), the capillary layer (23) is connected to the second bipolar plate (2002), and the second bipolar plate (2 002) is connected to the second phase change layer (1902), the second phase change layer (1902) is connected to the lower cooling layer (25), the capillary layer (23), the first phase change layer (1901), the first bipolar plate (2001), the anode gas flow channel (2101), the fuel cell reaction layer (22), the capillary layer (23), the second bipolar plate (2002), the second phase change layer (1902), and the lower cooling layer (25) are completely overlapped and connected in sequence from top to bottom; The multi-battery cooling module is composed of a plurality of single-battery cooling modules connected in parallel, and the capillary channel (7), the first cooling layer (9), and the second cooling layer (10) in the multi-battery cooling module are respectively the capillary layer (23), the upper cooling layer (24), and the lower cooling layer (25) in the single-battery cooling module; The regular decagonal bionic spider web flow channel is composed of a bionic flow channel inlet (26), a bionic flow channel branch channel (27), an aluminum plate (28), a bionic flow channel main channel (29), and a bionic flow channel outlet (30); The bionic flow channel inlet (26) is connected to the bionic flow channel branch channel (27) and the bionic flow channel main channel (29), and the bionic flow channel outlet (30) is connected to the bionic flow channel branch channel (27) and the bionic flow channel main channel (29). The bionic flow channel inlet (26), the bionic flow channel main channel (29), and the bionic flow channel outlet (30) are on the same straight line. At the center of the bionic flow channel main channel (29), a bionic flow channel branch channel (27) with a regular decagonal structure is evenly distributed radiating outwards in imitation of a spider web structure. The entire flow channel is wrapped by an aluminum plate (28).

2. A hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first preheating pipe (1), the second preheating pipe (2), the first water outlet pipe (3), the second water outlet pipe (4), the first water inlet pipe (5), the second water inlet pipe (6), and the air flow channel (17) are made of aluminum pipes; The first capillary channel (701), the second capillary channel (702), the third capillary channel (703), the fourth capillary channel (704) and the fifth capillary channel (705) in the capillary channel (7) use regular decagonal aluminum flow channels; The first outer phase change layer (801) and the second outer phase change layer (802) are made of paraffin and expanded graphite composite phase change material; The first cooling layer first cooling channel (901), the first cooling layer second cooling channel (902), and the first cooling layer third cooling channel (903) in the first cooling layer (9) use regular decagonal bionic spider web aluminum channel; The second cooling layer first cooling channel (1001), the second cooling layer second cooling channel (1002), and the second cooling layer third cooling channel (1003) in the second cooling layer (10) use regular decagonal bionic spider web aluminum channel; The first fuel cell (1101), the second fuel cell (1102), the third fuel cell (1103), the fourth fuel cell (1104) and the fifth fuel cell (1105) in the fuel cell stack (14) use hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cells; The first reheater (12), the second reheater (13), and the air preheater (16) use plate heat exchangers; The first hydrogen storage device (1801) and the second hydrogen storage device (1802) use compressed hydrogen storage tanks.

3. A hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase change layer (1901) and the second phase change layer (1902) are made of paraffin and expanded graphite composite phase change material; The first bipolar plate (2001) and the second bipolar plate (2002) are made of regular decagonal bionic spider web graphite bipolar plates.

4. A method for operating a cooling system for a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The process includes the following: The heat generated by a single battery cooling module during operation exists in the form of hot water as a reaction product and in the form of temperature differences between the layers inside the module. The hot water is discharged through the capillary (7), and the excess heat generated by the temperature differences between the layers is absorbed by the first phase change layer (1901) and the second phase change layer (1902). The phase change layer changes from solid state heat absorption to liquid state, wherein the heat is then transferred to the first cooling layer (9) and the second cooling layer (10) through the first phase change layer (1901) and the second phase change layer (1902). In this process, the first phase change layer (1901) and the second phase change layer (1902) change from liquid state heat release to solid state, thereby achieving the recycling and constant temperature effect of the first phase change layer (1901) and the second phase change layer (1902); When the multi-battery cooling module composed of a plurality of single-battery cooling modules connected in parallel is in operation, hot water generated by each single-battery cooling module passes through a capillary pipe (7) and is collected in a countercurrent form inside the multi-battery cooling module to a first preheating pipe (1) and a second preheating pipe (2), and the hot water is transferred to an air preheater (16) through the first preheating pipe (1) and the second preheating pipe (2) to heat the low-temperature air at the air inlet (15), thereby improving the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the cathode reaction gas air, and the heated air enters the fuel cell stack (14) through the air flow channel (17) to undergo an electrochemical reaction with the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage device (1801) and the second hydrogen storage device (1802); The cooling water enters the first cooling layer (9) and the second cooling layer (10) through the first water inlet pipe (5) and the second water inlet pipe (6). In addition to the heat taken away in the form of hot water as a reaction product in the multi-battery cooling module, the excess heat is transferred to the cooling water in the first cooling layer (9) and the second cooling layer (10) through the first phase change layer (1901) and the second phase change layer (1902). The high-temperature cooling water after absorbing heat is collected in the first water outlet pipe (3) and the second water outlet pipe (4) in a countercurrent form, and heat is exchanged with the low-temperature cooling water in the first water inlet pipe (5) and the second water inlet pipe (6) through the first heat regenerator (12) and the second heat regenerator (13), thereby reducing the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water and realizing the recycling and reuse of the cooling water.

5. The operating method of a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the multi-battery cooling module is working, it maintains the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell in the optimal working range of 60-80°C by changing the cooling water flow rate.

6. The operating method of a hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The use of regular decagonal bionic spider web flow channels can improve cooling efficiency while significantly reducing fluid flow resistance, reducing fluid pressure drop and making battery temperature distribution more uniform.

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