Hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cell for vehicle and control method of hydrogen-related safety management and control system

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen-related safety management and control system and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system comprises a main box body, and a purging system and a hydrogen-related part are arranged in the main box body; a top exhaust port is formed in a top plate of the main box body, and side exhaust ports are formed in side plates of the main box body and used for air exchange between the main box body and the outside. In the purging system, a first purging part is arranged at a preset purging site below the hydrogen related part and can drive gas to flow upwards through purging, and a second purging part is arranged at the top in the main box and can drive gas to flow towards the side exhaust port through purging. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system can directly utilize running wind formed in the running process of the vehicle, passive ventilation is conducted at the top exhaust port and / or the side exhaust port, the purging part can guide hydrogen leaked by the hydrogen-related part to the top exhaust port and / or the side exhaust port in time, the risk that the hydrogen gathers in the box body is reduced, and the safety of the vehicle is improved. And the use safety of the hydrogen fuel cell system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle engineering technology, and in particular to a hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of rail transit, some trains use hydrogen fuel cell systems as power equipment. The hydrogen fuel cell system uses a box to accommodate the main structure such as the battery stack. However, when a certain concentration of leaked hydrogen accumulates in the box, it is easy to flash or even explode in extreme cases, posing a major safety hazard.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the safety of using hydrogen fuel cell systems is a technical problem that technicians in this field currently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle and a control method thereof, which can improve the safety of the use of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle comprises a box body, wherein the box body comprises a main box body, a purge system and hydrogen-related components are arranged in the main box body, and a top exhaust port is arranged on a top plate of the main box body, and a side exhaust port is arranged on a side plate, so as to be used for ventilation between the main box body and the outside respectively;

[0007] The purge system includes a purge member, which includes a first purge member and a second purge member; the first purge member is arranged at a preset purge position under the hydrogen-related component, and can drive the gas to flow upward by purge; the second purge member is arranged at the top of the main box body, and can drive the gas to flow toward the side exhaust port by purge.

[0008] Preferably, the box body further comprises a cover plate fixed above the top plate of the main box body, a top duct penetrating front to back is formed between the cover plate and the top plate, and the top exhaust port is arranged on the top plate.

[0009] Preferably, the top exhaust port comprises a first exhaust port and a second exhaust port, the first exhaust port is a waterproof air-permeable port, and the second exhaust port is provided with an openable and closable exhaust skylight.

[0010] Preferably, the box body also includes a support plate fixed below the bottom plate of the main box body, and a bottom duct running through the front and back is formed between the support plate and the bottom plate; a bottom exhaust port is arranged on the bottom plate to connect the interior of the main box body and the bottom duct.

[0011] Preferably, the purge system also includes an openable and closable side ventilation window arranged on the side exhaust port; cooling fans are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two side panels of the main box body, the air outlet of the cooling fan is located at the top thereof, and the side exhaust port is located above the cooling fan.

[0012] Preferably, a fuel cell stack is arranged in the main box, the fuel cell stack has a cathode inlet and an anode inlet, the cathode inlet is connected to an air subsystem, the anode inlet is connected to a hydrogen subsystem, the hydrogen-related components are arranged in the hydrogen subsystem, the fuel cell stack has a first outlet, and the first outlet is connected to a tail exhaust pipe for tail exhaust;

[0013] The purge system also includes a purge proportional valve; the purge component is a three-way pipe, one port of which is a purge port for blowing out air, one port is an air inlet port connected to the air subsystem, and one port is an air outlet port connected to the tail exhaust pipe, and the purge proportional valve is connected to the air inlet port and / or the air outlet port to control the purge flow of the purge port.

[0014] Preferably, the purge system also includes a bypass valve; the first purge components are connected in series to form a first branch, and the second purge components are connected in series to form a second branch; the air inlet ends of the first branch and the second branch are connected to the air subsystem via the bypass valve to control the on and off of the airflow of the first branch and the second branch through the bypass valve; the air outlet ends of the first branch and the second branch are connected to the tail exhaust pipe via the purge proportional valve.

[0015] A control method for a hydrogen-related safety control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, using the above hydrogen-related safety control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle;

[0016] The control method comprises:

[0017] Obtaining the hydrogen leakage concentration in the main box, and determining the concentration level of the hydrogen leakage concentration, wherein there are multiple concentration levels, each of which corresponds to a different, non-overlapping range of hydrogen leakage concentration values;

[0018] According to the concentration level, the purge flow rate and / or opening and closing condition of the purge member is controlled, and the opening and closing conditions of the top exhaust port and the side exhaust port are controlled.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration level comprises a primary concentration;

[0020] When the hydrogen leakage concentration is at the primary concentration:

[0021] Controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to shut down, the purge component to close, and the side exhaust port to close;

[0022] Controlling the preset exhaust port in the top exhaust port to open for ventilation until the hydrogen leakage concentration drops to a value not higher than a safe concentration value, and the safe concentration value is lower than the hydrogen leakage concentration range value corresponding to the first-level concentration;

[0023] When the hydrogen leakage concentration drops from the primary concentration to a value not higher than the safety concentration, the hydrogen fuel cell system is shut down, the purge component is closed, the side exhaust port is closed, and the preset exhaust port is controlled to be closed.

[0024] Preferably, the concentration level includes a plurality of purge concentration levels, and at each of the purge concentration levels, as the concentration level increases, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases;

[0025] At each of the purge concentration levels, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to operate normally, controlling the purge member to purge, and controlling the side exhaust port to open;

[0026] Wherein, as the concentration level decreases, the purge flow rate and / or the purge time of the purge member increases.

[0027] The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention comprises a box body, which comprises a main box body, a purge system and hydrogen-related components are arranged in the main box body, and a top exhaust port is arranged on the top plate of the main box body and a side exhaust port is arranged on the side plate, which are respectively used for ventilation between the main box body and the outside world; the purge system comprises a purge member, and the purge member comprises a first purge member and a second purge member; the first purge member is arranged at a preset purge position under the hydrogen-related components, and can drive the gas to flow upward by purge; the second purge member is arranged at the top of the main box body, and can drive the gas to flow to the side exhaust port by purge.

[0028] The hydrogen-related safety control system can directly utilize the running wind formed during the operation of the vehicle, and use the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the main box to perform passive ventilation at the top exhaust port and / or the side exhaust port. At this time, the top exhaust port and the side exhaust port do not need to be equipped with fans for forced ventilation, which can reduce energy consumption and avoid the risk of ignition of the fan and bring the risk of hydrogen explosion. At the same time, due to the addition of a purge part, the hydrogen leaked from the hydrogen-related parts can be guided to the top exhaust port and / or the side exhaust port in time, which can improve the hydrogen discharge efficiency and reduce the risk of hydrogen accumulation in the box, thereby improving the safety of the use of the hydrogen fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a box body of a specific embodiment 1 of the hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a box body of a specific embodiment 1 of the hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the purge principle of a specific embodiment 1 of the hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a specific embodiment 1 of the control method provided by the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals:

[0035] Side exhaust port 1;

[0036] Top exhaust port 2, first exhaust port 21, second exhaust port 22;

[0037] Exhaust skylight 3, first exhaust skylight 31, second exhaust skylight 32;

[0038] Bottom exhaust port 4;

[0039] Box body 5, main box body 51, top plate 511, bottom plate 512, side plate 513, front plate 514, rear plate 515, cover plate 52, top duct 521, support plate 53, bottom duct 531, cooling fan support structure 54, cooling fan 55;

[0040] Purge system 6, purge component 61, first purge component 611, second purge component 612, first branch 613, second branch 614, purge proportional valve 615, purge check valve 616, bypass valve 617, precooling buffer device 618, bypass pipeline 619, side ventilation window 620;

[0041] Air subsystem 7, air compressor 71, intercooler 72, humidifier 73;

[0042] A battery stack 8, an anode inlet 81, a cathode inlet 82, a first outlet 83, and a second outlet 84;

[0043] Hydrogen subsystem 9, hydrogen-related components 91, hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92, medium-pressure solenoid valve 93, hydrogen proportional valve 94, gas-water separator 95, hydrogen circulation pump 96;

[0044] Tail exhaust pipe 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The core of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles and a control method thereof, which can improve the safety of the use of hydrogen fuel cell systems. In addition, the hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles provided by the present invention and a control method thereof can be applied to rail transit vehicles to form hydrogen energy trains.

[0047] In the specific embodiment 1 of the hydrogen safety control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 ,, including a box body 5, and the box body 5 includes a main box body 51.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the main box body 51 includes a top plate 511, a bottom plate 512, a front plate 514, a rear plate 515 and two side plates 513. The front plate 514, the rear plate 515 and the two side plates 513 are located between the top plate 511 and the bottom plate 512 in the up and down direction, and the two side plates 513 are located between the front plate 514 and the rear plate 515 in the front and back direction. Among them, the front and back direction corresponds to the direction of travel of the vehicle. When the vehicle is running, the vehicle moves forward, and the running wind flows backward. The top plate 511 and the bottom plate 512 are arranged from top to bottom. The inner cavity surrounded by these plates in the main box body 51 is used to place the hydrogen fuel cell main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell system, including structures such as the stack 8, the hydrogen subsystem 9 and the air subsystem 7. Part of the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell is the hydrogen-related component 91, which is mainly in the hydrogen subsystem 9. The hydrogen-related component 91 is usually used for the passage of hydrogen or for the storage of hydrogen. Hydrogen leakage may occur in the hydrogen-related component 91 itself or in the connecting pipes or joints with other components.

[0049] like Figure 1As shown, the top plate 511 of the main box body 51 is provided with a top exhaust port 2, and the side plate 513 of the main box body 51 is provided with a side exhaust port 1. The top exhaust port 2 and the side exhaust port 1 can respectively use the running wind formed outside the main box body 51 during the operation of the vehicle to achieve exhaust or ventilation of the main box body 51. It should be noted that the opening and closing conditions of each top exhaust port 2 and each side exhaust port 1 can be controlled according to the actual operation conditions. In addition, during use, the top exhaust port 2 and the side exhaust port 1 can be selected to exhaust one or the other, or exhaust at the same time.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a purge system 6 is also provided in the main box 51, and the purge system 6 includes a purge member 61, which can drive the airflow to flow in a set direction, and the main goal is to drive the hydrogen leaked from the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell to the main box 51, so that it can be discharged from the main box 51 in time. According to the purpose of purge, the purge member 61 is divided into a first purge member 611 and a second purge member 612.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the first purge member 611 is disposed at a preset purge position under the hydrogen-related component 91, and can drive the gas to flow upward by purge. It should be noted that the upward gas flow here can be a gas flow vertically upward or obliquely upward, specifically perpendicular to the direction of the top plate or the bottom plate.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the second purge member 612 is arranged at the top of the main box body 51, and can drive the gas to flow toward the side exhaust port 1 by purging toward the side. By arranging the second purge member 612 at the top of the main box body 51, the utilization rate of the top space originally vacant in the main box body 51 can be improved, and the second purge member 612 is usually higher than the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell and the first purge member 611, and can uniformly drain the hydrogen leaked from the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell. In addition, by adding the second purge member 612, the gas purged upward by the first purge member 611 can be diverted, so that part of the gas is discharged through the top exhaust port 2 along the original direction, and part of the gas is discharged through the side exhaust port 1 under the low pressure outside the side exhaust port 1 and the drainage effect of the second purge member 612, thereby improving the exhaust capacity of the side exhaust port 1.

[0053] The hydrogen-related safety control system provided in this embodiment can directly utilize the running wind formed during the operation of the vehicle, and passively ventilate the top exhaust port 2 and / or the side exhaust port 1 by means of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the main box 51. At this time, the top exhaust port 2 and the side exhaust port 1 do not need to be equipped with fans for forced ventilation, which can reduce energy consumption and also avoid the risk of ignition of the fan and the risk of hydrogen explosion. At the same time, due to the addition of the purge part 61, the hydrogen leaked from the hydrogen-related component 91 can be timely guided to the top exhaust port 2 and / or the side exhaust port 1, which can improve the hydrogen discharge efficiency and reduce the risk of hydrogen accumulation in the box 5, thereby improving the safety of the use of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0054] For the selection of the purge member 61, Figure 3 As shown, a ventilation structure such as a valve or a pipeline is specifically selected, and a purge port is selected or set on the ventilation structure to purge the gas. Among them, the ventilation structure is connected to the air source through a pipeline. When the air source ventilates the ventilation structure, the air flow is directly discharged through the purge port of the purge member 61 for purge. At this time, the first purge member 611 is not provided with a driving structure such as a fan, which can reduce the risk of ignition. Of course, in other embodiments, the purge member 61 can also use other power equipment such as a fan.

[0055] For the first purge part 611, when selecting the preset purge position, the hydrogen-prone position or area of ​​the hydrogen-related component can be selected based on experience to ensure that the hydrogen leaked from the hydrogen-related component 91 can be blown upward in time, promote the flow and diffusion of potential leaked gas, and avoid large-scale accumulation of hydrogen in the box 5.

[0056] Among them, the hydrogen-related components 91 are mainly arranged in the hydrogen subsystem 9 for providing hydrogen to the stack 8. The hydrogen subsystem 9 includes hydrogen-related components 91 such as a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92, a medium-pressure solenoid valve 93, a hydrogen proportional valve 94, a gas-water separator 95, a hydrogen circulation pump 96, and an ejector, as well as various sensors. In the hydrogen subsystem 9, the components are connected in their specific functional order through metal hard pipes or silicone hoses, and these connecting pipes are also hydrogen-related components 91. Considering the frequent start-stop, large-scale load fluctuations, and traction and braking modes in the actual operation process of the hydrogen power system for rail transit applications, it is easy to cause a variety of potential hydrogen leakage risks such as wear and loosening of the connection between the pipe fittings and the hydrogen-related components 91, and failure of the sealing of the valve parts and key components. When selecting the preset purge position, the hydrogen-related components 91 are selected as the preset purge position below the relatively unreliable sealing or the position of the pipeline connection joint that is prone to aging and leakage. By arranging the first purge part 611 in a targeted manner, the potential hydrogen leakage point can be accurately purged, which can effectively promote the flow and diffusion of the potential leakage gas.

[0057] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The positions that can be selected as the preset purge positions for setting the first purge member 611 mainly include:

[0058] (1) Pipe connection points: the connection points between various valves (one or more of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92, the medium pressure solenoid valve 93, and the hydrogen proportional valve 94), key components (one or more of the gas-water separator 95 and the hydrogen circulation pump 96) and pipelines, and directly below the points where the hydrogen flows in and out. Figure 3 The two first purge members 611 on the middle left are respectively arranged directly below the connection between the inlet and outlet of the medium-pressure solenoid valve 93 and the corresponding pipelines.

[0059] (2) Valve location: directly below the valve body (one or more of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92, the medium pressure solenoid valve 93, and the hydrogen proportional valve 94) where hydrogen may potentially leak (such as the sealing structure). Figure 3 The third first purge member 611 on the left is arranged directly below the body of the hydrogen proportional valve 94 .

[0060] (3) Key component location: directly below the key component (one or more of the gas-water separator 95, hydrogen circulation pump 96, and ejector) where hydrogen may potentially leak (such as at some seals). Figure 3 The first purge member 611 on the far right is disposed directly below the body of the hydrogen circulation pump 96 .

[0061] Among them, the potential hydrogen leakage locations of valves and key components can be specifically determined in combination with the actual operation conditions or tests. During the installation process, according to the composition sequence of the pipelines, components, and valve bodies of the hydrogen subsystem 9, the pipe connection sites, valve sites, and key component sites are selected in sequence as the preset purge sites. Each preset purge site is regarded as a hydrogen leakage point, and the first purge parts 611 are respectively set in sequence.

[0062] For the second purge member 612, if Figure 2 As shown, each side exhaust port 1 may be respectively provided with one or more second purge members 612, wherein the second purge member 612 blows toward the corresponding side exhaust port 1. Specifically, the second purge member 612 can blow perpendicularly to the up and down directions, and specifically can perform horizontal purge. In addition, multiple top purge positions are selected at the top of the main box body 51, and second purge members 612 are respectively provided to accelerate the discharge of potential hydrogen from the top to the outside of the box body 5. In addition, the coordinated purge of the "vertical purge" of the first purge member 611 and the "horizontal purge" of the second purge member 612 can accelerate the discharge of potential leaked hydrogen from the inside of the main box body 51 to the outside, and accelerate the exhaust / ventilation efficiency between the inside of the main box body 51 and the outside of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0063] To improve the ventilation capacity of the main box 51, Figure 1As shown, the box body 5 may further include a cover plate 52 fixed above the top plate 511 and a support plate 53 fixed below the bottom plate 512 of the main box body 51 .

[0064] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, a top duct 521 that passes through the front and back is formed between the cover plate 52 and the top plate 511, and the top exhaust port 2 is provided on the top plate 511. When the vehicle is moving, a running wind that flows from front to back is formed in the top duct 521, and the hydrogen flowing upward in the box body 5 can enter the top duct 521 through the top exhaust port 2, and then be promptly carried away by the airflow in the top duct 521, thereby reducing the risk of explosion and improving the safety of ventilation or exhaust to the outside of the main box body 51 of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the setting of the cover plate 52 has a waterproof effect.

[0065] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, the top exhaust port 2 includes a first exhaust port 21 and a second exhaust port 22. The first exhaust port 21 is a waterproof and breathable port, which is always ventilated with the main box body 51 and has waterproof capability. The waterproof level can be set as needed. The waterproof and breathable port can be realized by setting a waterproof vent membrane on the first exhaust port 21. An openable and closable exhaust skylight 3 is set on the second exhaust port 22. The opening and closing of the exhaust skylight 3 controls the opening and closing of the corresponding second exhaust port 22. No waterproof structure may be set at the second exhaust port 22. By opening the exhaust skylight 3, the main box body 51 and the top duct can be ventilated smoothly and quickly.

[0066] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust skylight 3 includes a first exhaust skylight 31 and a second exhaust skylight 32. The main box body 51 includes a first area and a second area in a direction perpendicular to the up and down direction. The first exhaust skylight 31 is located above the first area, and the second exhaust skylight 32 is located above the second area, so as to ventilate according to the needs of different areas. Among them, the first area is provided with an air subsystem 7, the second area is provided with a hydrogen subsystem 9, and the hydrogen-related component 91 is located in the hydrogen-related subsystem. In addition, the exhaust skylight 3 is an electric exhaust skylight, which is used as an emergency measure for rapid discharge to the outside when a large amount of hydrogen leaks inside the main box body 51 under extreme conditions; the exhaust skylight 3 can be powered or controlled separately, so that when the purge component 61 is closed and cannot be purged, the exhaust skylight 3 can still be opened for rapid ventilation.

[0067] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, a bottom duct 531 that passes through the front and back is formed between the support plate 53 and the bottom plate 512, and a bottom exhaust port 4 that communicates the interior of the main box body 51 and the bottom duct 531 is provided on the bottom plate 512. By adding the bottom duct 531, during the movement of the vehicle, a running wind that flows from front to back is also formed in the bottom duct 531, and the airflow including hydrogen near the bottom of the box body 5 can also be discharged in time; in addition, since the first purge member 611 has the function of guiding the flow upward, if there is an airflow entering the box body 5 from the bottom duct 531, the hydrogen in the box body 5 can also be further diluted and the gas can be guided upward.

[0068] The bottom exhaust port 4 is a dust-proof air-permeable hole. Specifically, a dust-proof air-permeable membrane can be provided on the bottom exhaust port 4 to realize the provision of the dust-proof air-permeable hole.

[0069] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, the aperture of the bottom exhaust port 4 is smaller than that of the first exhaust port 21 , which can increase the resistance of the airflow flowing downward and assist the first purge member 611 in guiding the airflow upward.

[0070] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of bottom exhaust ports 4 may be arranged in a matrix on the bottom plate 512, and a plurality of first exhaust ports 21 may be arranged in a matrix on the top plate 511, so that the bottom exhaust ports 4 and the first exhaust ports 21 respectively form a "honeycomb" ventilation structure, which can accelerate the diffusion of potential leaked hydrogen in the purge site area to the top.

[0071] To improve the ventilation capacity of the side exhaust port 1, Figure 1 As shown, the purge system 6 also includes an openable and closable side ventilation window 620 provided on the side exhaust port 1. Based on the setting of the side ventilation window 620, the side exhaust port 1 can be opened and closed by opening and closing the side ventilation window 620 during the movement of the vehicle. When the side ventilation window 620 is opened, the side exhaust port 1 connects the internal space of the main box body 51 with the outside of the main box body 51. The "running wind" during the normal operation of the vehicle can form a low pressure outside the side exhaust port 1, so that convection ventilation can be achieved through the side exhaust port 1 and the main box body 51, which can accelerate the rapid lateral discharge of leaked hydrogen in the main box body 51, and further reduce the risk of accumulation of leaked hydrogen inside the box body 5. At the same time, since the side exhaust port 1 can be closed through the side ventilation window 620, the side ventilation window 620 can be opened when the purge component 61 is in a purge action to cooperate with the second purge component 612 for ventilation. When side ventilation is not required, the side ventilation window 620 can be closed to open the side exhaust port 1 to ensure waterproof capability.

[0072] Among them, a cooling fan 55 is arranged outside the two side panels 513 of the main box body 51, which is used to dissipate heat from the box body 1. Specifically, the cooling fan 55 is arranged on the cooling fan support structure 54 on the side panel. The air outlet of the cooling fan 55 is located at the top thereof, and the side exhaust port 1 is located above the cooling fan 55. Since the cooling fan 55 discharges the upward airflow, it can also quickly take away the airflow flowing outside the side ventilation window 620, which cooperates with the running wind on the side of the vehicle when it is running, further improves the hydrogen emission efficiency, and increases the function of the cooling fan 55.

[0073] In which, the exhaust port and other exhaust ventilation structures are not provided at the front and rear ends of the main box 51, and only the side exhaust port 1 and the side ventilation window are provided on the side plate 513. In this case, the windward side of the main box 51 is not provided with an exhaust ventilation structure, which can prevent the water vapor in the train from entering through the windward side of the main box 51 with the wind, and can achieve the IP65 level of the main box 51 of the hydrogen fuel cell system, reduce air resistance, and reduce the impact of air friction and vibration on the reliability of other components inside the hydrogen fuel cell system. In which, the side ventilation window 620 can be a shutter.

[0074] In addition, the side ventilation windows, exhaust skylight 3, top duct 521 and bottom duct 531, bottom exhaust port 4, top exhaust port 2, and side exhaust port 1 may not be provided with structures or equipment such as fans to drive airflow, but instead utilize the running wind generated when the vehicle is moving to form a pressure difference inside and outside the box 5 to achieve passive ventilation of the box 5, which can comprehensively avoid the risk of hydrogen combustion caused by the presence of the ignition mechanism of fans or electrical equipment.

[0075] To facilitate the assembly of the purge system 6, it can be specifically connected to the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell so as to directly obtain the air for purge with the help of the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0076] Specifically, in the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell includes a stack 8, an air subsystem 7 and a hydrogen subsystem 9 arranged in the main box 51. The stack 8 has a cathode inlet 82 and an anode inlet 81. The cathode inlet 82 is connected to the air subsystem 7 to receive air, mainly oxygen; the anode inlet 81 is connected to the hydrogen subsystem 9 to receive hydrogen. Oxygen and hydrogen react chemically in the stack 8 to generate electricity. Hydrogen-related components 91 are arranged in the hydrogen subsystem 9.

[0077] The air subsystem 7 includes an air compressor 71 , an intercooler 72 and a humidifier 73 which are connected in sequence along the air inlet direction (airflow direction), and the humidifier 73 is connected to the cathode inlet 82 of the fuel cell stack 8 .

[0078] The hydrogen subsystem 9 includes a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92, a medium pressure solenoid valve 93, and a hydrogen proportional valve 94 which are sequentially connected along the hydrogen inlet direction (airflow direction). The hydrogen proportional valve 94 is connected to the anode inlet 81. The hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92 enters hydrogen, and high pressure hydrogen can be selected as needed. At this time, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 92, the medium pressure solenoid valve 93, the hydrogen proportional valve 94, that is, the pipelines between the components are all hydrogen-related components 91.

[0079] In addition, if Figure 3 As shown, the stack 8 has a first outlet 83 and a second outlet 84. The first outlet 83 is connected to the tail exhaust pipe 10 for tail exhaust. The second outlet 84 discharges the water generated by the reaction and the remaining hydrogen, and is connected to the hydrogen subsystem 9 through a circulation component to recycle the hydrogen that is not fully utilized by the stack 8. The circulation component includes a gas-water separator 95 and a hydrogen circulation pump 96. The second outlet 84 is connected to the hydrogen subsystem 9 through the gas-water separator 95 and the hydrogen circulation pump 96 in sequence, and is specifically connected to the outlet end of the hydrogen subsystem 9 (the outlet end of the hydrogen proportional valve 94, between the hydrogen proportional valve 94 and the anode inlet 81) to reuse the hydrogen that is not fully utilized discharged from the second outlet 84, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0080] Specifically, in the purge system 6, as Figure 3 As shown, the purge member 61 is a three-way pipe, one port of which is a purge port for blowing out air, one port is an air inlet port connected to the air subsystem 7, and one port is an air outlet port connected to the tail exhaust pipe 10. The purge system 6 also includes a purge proportional valve 615, which is connected to the air inlet port and / or the air outlet port to control the purge flow rate of the air blown out of the purge port of the purge member 61. At this time, the purge member 61 itself may not have or may not open the function of adjusting the flow rate or driving the fluid.

[0081] The air subsystem 7 provides a circulating air flow to the purge member 61 for purge without the need for an additional air source. The air exhausted by the purge member 61 is discharged to the tail exhaust pipe 10 and can be used to dilute the hydrogen in the tail exhaust pipe 10, thereby helping to reduce environmental pollution.

[0082] like Figure 3As shown, the purge system 6 also includes a bypass valve 617 to control the on-off of the purge component 61 and the air subsystem 7 through the bypass valve 617. The bypass valve 617 and the purge proportional valve 615 are specifically solenoid valves to facilitate electrical control. Each first purge component 611 is connected in series to form a first branch 613, and each second purge component 612 is connected in series to form a second branch 614. The air inlet end of the first branch 613 and the second branch 614 is connected to the air subsystem 7 through the bypass valve 617 to control the on-off of the airflow through the bypass valve 617; the air outlet end of the first branch 613 and the second branch 614 is connected to the tail exhaust pipe 10 through the purge proportional valve 615. When in use, the larger the opening of the purge proportional valve 615, the smaller the purge flow of the purge component 61.

[0083] At this time, the bypass valve 617, the first branch 613, the second branch 614, and the purge proportional valve 615 in the purge system 6 form a pipeline that is connected to form a bypass pipeline 619 between the air subsystem 7 of the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell and the tail pipe 10. At the same time, since the bypass valve 617 and the purge proportional valve 615 are shared by the purge component 61, it is convenient to control and can reduce costs.

[0084] Of course, in other embodiments, the bypass valve 617 may not be provided; alternatively, the purge proportional valve 615 may be provided at the air inlet end of the first branch 613 and the second branch 614. In this case, when the opening of the purge proportional valve 615 is larger, the purge flow rate of the purge component 61 is larger; alternatively, the purge components 61 may not be connected through pipelines, but may be respectively connected to the air subsystem 7 and the tail exhaust pipe 10 through a separate bypass valve 617 and a separate purge proportional valve 615; alternatively, the purge system 6 may also be provided with other separate air sources, and the gas discharged from the purge system 6 may not be discharged to the tail exhaust pipe 10.

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown, on the first branch 613, along the direction of the airflow, each first purge member 611 is connected in sequence from low to high along the corresponding preset purge positions, so that the airflow in the first branch 613 also flows from bottom to top, which is adapted to the direction of the airflow driven by the first purge member 611. At this time, the pipeline connected by the first purge member 611 is arranged from "bottom" to "top", and the gas flows from low to high, which can greatly reduce the possibility of accumulation when hydrogen leaks, accelerate the top flow of potential leaked hydrogen, and accelerate the exhaust / ventilation efficiency between the main box 51 of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the outside world.

[0086] like Figure 3As shown, the air inlet end of the bypass line 619 is connected to the air subsystem 7, specifically connected between the air compressor 71 and the intercooler 72, so as to directly obtain air and avoid diverting the air used by the power supply stack 8 after the intercooler 72 cools down, thereby reducing the impact on the operation of the power supply stack 8. In addition, on the bypass line 619, between the air outlet end of the bypass valve 617 and the purge member 61 (the air inlet end of the first branch 613 and the second branch 614), a precooling buffer device 618 can also be provided to cool the airflow of the bypass line 619 separately and timely as needed.

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, the purge system 6 also includes a purge check valve 616 disposed between the gas outlet end of the purge member 61 and the tail pipe 10, specifically connected between the purge proportional valve 615 and the tail pipe 10, to prevent the gas containing hydrogen in the tail pipe 10 from flowing back to the purge member 61 and then entering the main box body 51 through the purge port. The purge check valve 616 can be a solenoid valve.

[0088] In addition, in the circulation component, the gas-water separator 95 can also be connected to the tail pipe 10 through a pipeline, specifically connected to the outlet end of the purge check valve 616. At this time, the tail pipe 10 is a mixed tail pipe 10 that receives emissions from multiple pipelines. The emissions from the first outlet 83, the second outlet 84, and the gas-water separator 95 can also be controlled according to actual conditions or set parameters, such as the hydrogen concentration at the first outlet 83, the second outlet 84 or the gas-water separator 95. When the hydrogen concentration is small enough, it is discharged through the tail pipe 10.

[0089] In order to facilitate the control of the purge flow rate or the opening and closing condition of the purge member 61, the purge system 6 also includes a hydrogen concentration sensor, the position and number of which can be set according to experience, and specifically multiple sensors can be set, and the average or weighted average hydrogen concentration value of all hydrogen concentration sensors is used as the real-time hydrogen leakage concentration X of the main box 51. In addition, the purge system is connected to the controller, and the opening and closing and / or opening degree of the purge proportional valve 615, the bypass valve 617, and the side ventilation window 620 are automatically controlled by a program preset in the controller.

[0090] In the purge system 6, a purge control process includes: air compressed by the air compressor 71 enters the bypass valve 617 through the bypass branch, and when the bypass valve 617 is opened, the air can further flow through the second purge member 612 for horizontal purge and the first purge member 611 for vertical purge, and purge the hydrogen leaked from the hydrogen-related component 91 on the hydrogen subsystem 9 upward and to the side;

[0091] Among them, due to the characteristics of low density and easy diffusion of hydrogen, compressed air purging can accelerate the rapid diffusion of potential leaked hydrogen from the leakage point to the top of the main box 51. The second purge member 612 on the top of the box 5 purges horizontally, and exhausts to the outside of the box 5 through the opened side ventilation windows 620 on both sides of the box 5. At the same time, the cooling fan 55 working on the side of the box 5 is used to accelerate the flow and evacuation of leaked hydrogen outdoors. The top exhaust port 2 at the top of the main box 51 and the bottom exhaust port 4 at the bottom can also be exhausted to the top duct 521 and the bottom duct 531 respectively, and the exhaust is taken away by the "walking wind" in the top duct 521 and the bottom duct 531 for passive ventilation, which can reduce the setting of separate cumbersome explosion-proof devices, improve the safety level of equipment, reduce the volume and power loss occupied by the setting of forced exhaust fans, and reduce the overall power density of the system;

[0092] Among them, the top duct 521 and the bottom duct 531 both use the running wind to realize the passive ventilation of the air inside the main box 51. The basic working principle of passive ventilation is to fully utilize the running wind generated by the hydrogen energy train during operation, pass through the top duct 521 and the bottom duct 531 of the box 5, and drive the leaked hydrogen inside the main box 51 to accelerate and diffuse to the outside of the main box 51 through the waterproof vent and the dust-proof vent.

[0093] In addition to the above-mentioned hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles, the present invention also provides a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system for vehicles. The control method can be applied to the hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles in any of the above embodiments, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the above embodiments accordingly.

[0094] In a specific embodiment 1 of the control method, the following steps are included:

[0095] S1: Obtain the hydrogen leakage concentration X in the main box 51, and determine the concentration level S of the hydrogen leakage concentration X.

[0096] The hydrogen leakage concentration X is the hydrogen concentration value monitored and acquired in real time by the hydrogen concentration sensor in the main box 51. It needs to be further clarified that since hydrogen also exists inside the hydrogen fuel cell main structure in the main box 51 to supply power, the hydrogen leakage concentration X refers to the hydrogen concentration value leaked from the hydrogen fuel cell main structure into the main box 51, rather than the hydrogen concentration inside the hydrogen fuel cell main structure.

[0097] There are multiple concentration levels S, and each concentration level corresponds to a different hydrogen leakage concentration range value.

[0098] In this embodiment, there are four concentration levels, from low to high, namely, level 1 concentration S1, level 2 concentration S2, level 3 concentration S3 and level 4 concentration S4. The higher or greater the concentration level, the higher the safety, and the smaller the concentration value in the data set included in the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value. In other embodiments, other numbers may also be set, such as 6. In addition, corresponding concentration alarm information may also be issued at each concentration level.

[0099] Among them, P1, P2, and P3 are three critical alarm values ​​of hydrogen concentration, P1>P2>P3, which are used to divide the hydrogen leakage concentration range value and determine the concentration level:

[0100] Level 4 concentration S4:X<P3;

[0101] Level 3 concentration S3: P3≤X<P2;

[0102] Secondary concentration S2: P2≤X<P1;

[0103] Primary concentration S1:P1≤X.

[0104] S2: According to the concentration level, the purge flow rate and / or opening and closing status of the purge member 61 is controlled, and the opening and closing status of the top exhaust port 2 and the side exhaust port 1 are controlled.

[0105] Among them, controlling the purge flow of the purge component 61 can specifically refer to controlling the opening of the purge proportional valve 615; controlling the opening and closing of the purge component 61 can specifically refer to controlling the opening and closing of the bypass valve 617. The purge component 61 itself cannot be opened and closed. In other embodiments, the purge component 61 can also be a structure that can be directly opened and closed; controlling the opening and closing of the top exhaust port 2 can specifically refer to controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust skylight 3. The waterproof first exhaust port 21 in the top exhaust port 2 includes a ventilation state and is not opened and closed; controlling the opening and closing of the side exhaust port 1 can specifically refer to controlling the opening and closing of the side ventilation window 620.

[0106] In this embodiment, by grading the real-time hydrogen leakage concentration X in the main box 51 and performing corresponding ventilation actions according to the grades, the ventilation efficiency can be improved while minimizing the impact on the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0107] The first level concentration is the lowest level (lowest safety, highest risk) in this embodiment. When the hydrogen leakage concentration X is at the first level, there is a greater risk of combustion or explosion. At this time, the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell main structure is stopped to prevent the hydrogen fuel cell main structure from continuing to supply hydrogen to the main box 51, and the further increase of the hydrogen leakage concentration X in the main box 51 is prevented from the source, and ventilation is performed centrally.

[0108] Specifically, S2 includes S21:

[0109] S21: When the hydrogen leakage concentration X is at the primary concentration (X ≥ P1):

[0110] S211: Control the hydrogen fuel cell system to shut down (mainly refers to the hydrogen fuel cell main structure shutting down and stopping, no longer supplying power), close the purge component 61 and close the side ventilation window 620. At the same time, control the preset exhaust port in the top exhaust port 2 to open for ventilation until the hydrogen leakage concentration X drops to a level not higher than the safe concentration value P0.

[0111] To ensure the normal operation of the vehicle, when the hydrogen fuel cell system is shut down, the vehicle can be powered by a backup power source, which is a lithium battery.

[0112] Among them, the preset exhaust port can be one or more second exhaust ports 22, and controlling the preset exhaust port to open specifically controls the corresponding exhaust skylight 3 to open for rapid ventilation. In this embodiment, specifically controls the second exhaust skylight 32 above the hydrogen subsystem 9 to open. At this time, the first exhaust skylight 31 can remain closed.

[0113] When the hydrogen leakage concentration X is at the first level, a hydrogen leakage fault is detected in the main box of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the hydrogen fuel cell system is shut down. Since the air subsystem 7 no longer supplies air, the bypass valve 617, the purge proportional valve, and the purge component 61 are closed, and the power supply is switched to the lithium battery. The first exhaust skylight 31 and / or the second exhaust skylight 32 are opened, and the "walking wind" of the top duct 521 and the bottom duct 531 is fully utilized for exhaust ventilation.

[0114] S212: When the hydrogen leakage concentration X drops from the first level concentration to not higher than the safety concentration value P0, the hydrogen fuel cell system is shut down, the purge component 61 is closed, the side exhaust port 1 is closed, and the preset exhaust port is controlled to be closed.

[0115] Among them, the safety concentration value P0 is a certain hydrogen concentration value, which is used to constrain the exhaust degree. When the hydrogen leakage concentration X under the first-level concentration drops to ≤ the safety concentration value P0, the risk of hydrogen ignition or explosion in the main box 51 is small, and the preset exhaust port is closed. At this time, all exhaust skylights 3 (first exhaust skylight 31, second exhaust skylight 32) are closed to avoid water entering through the exhaust skylight 3 and damaging the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell. In addition, since the hydrogen leakage concentration X has reached the first-level concentration, the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell may be damaged. After not exceeding the safety concentration value P0, the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell system remain in a shutdown and non-powered state, and continue to use the backup battery for power supply. After inspection and maintenance, the main structure of the hydrogen fuel cell is enabled again to ensure safe operation.

[0116] The safety concentration value P0 may be set according to actual experience, and may be smaller than P3, or smaller than P1 and larger than P3.

[0117] Except for the extreme case of the first-level concentration, other concentration levels higher than the first-level concentration are purge concentration levels. At each purge concentration level, the purge member 61 performs purge, but the purge capacities are different.

[0118] Among them, at each purge concentration level, as the concentration level increases, the safety is higher, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases, and the purge capacity of the purge member 61 can be continuously reduced. The fourth level concentration S4, the third level concentration S3, and the second level concentration S2 in this embodiment are different purge concentration levels, and the safety gradually decreases.

[0119] Among them, at each purge concentration level, the hydrogen fuel cell system is controlled to operate normally, the purge component 61 is controlled to purge, and the side exhaust port 1 is controlled to open (that is, the side ventilation window 620 is opened). As the concentration level decreases, the safety becomes worse and the leakage becomes more serious, and the purge flow and / or purge time of the purge component 61 are increased to improve the ventilation capacity. It should be noted that the purge time needs to be calculated based on the purge flow and the volume of the main box 51. Specifically, the ventilation times per hour can be calculated to meet the requirements of the hydrogen safety and explosion-proof standards for a closed environment.

[0120] Specifically, S2 also includes S24, S23, S22 respectively:

[0121] S24: When the hydrogen leakage concentration X is at level 4 (X<P3):

[0122] S241: Control the hydrogen fuel cell system to operate normally; control the purge component 61 to purge intermittently, with a purge flow rate of V3; control the side ventilation window 620 to open.

[0123] The intermittent purge means that the purge member 61 is repeatedly opened and closed within a period of time, and the duration of each opening for purge in the intermittent purge, that is, the time interval between two adjacent closings of the purge member 61 is T3.

[0124] Among them, the bypass valve 617 and the purge proportional valve can set the opening and closing time according to the system demand or the change of the operating state, and realize intermittent opening respectively.

[0125] At the fourth level concentration, the hydrogen fuel cell system defaults to a safe and normal operating state. The bypass valve 617 of the bypass branch cooperates with the purge proportional valve and is opened intermittently to achieve intermittent purge of the purge component 61. This can avoid surging of the air compressor 71, thereby increasing the gas pressure on the cathode side and preventing the membrane from drying out during high-temperature operation. At the same time, intermittent purge can be used to potentially leak hydrogen inside the main box 51 and dilute and accelerate the discharge of "waste hydrogen" on the anode side.

[0126] S23: When the hydrogen leakage concentration X is at the third level (P3≤X<P2):

[0127] S231: Control the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system; control the purge component 61 to purge continuously, and the purge flow rate of the purge component 61 is V2 (V2>V3); continuous purge means that the purge component 61 is always open for a period of time, at this time, the purge time of continuous purge is T2; control the side ventilation window 620 to open.

[0128] Among them, T2>T3, and T3 can be much smaller than T2.

[0129] At the third level concentration, hydrogen leakage is detected in the main box of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and a third level warning alarm is issued, but the hydrogen fuel cell system still maintains normal operation. At this time, the bypass valve 617 is opened, the compressed air flows through the precooling buffer device 618, and the opening of the purge proportional valve 615 is reduced to N3, so that the purge unit flow rate increases to V2, and the purge time is T2 (reference value 5-10min). In addition, the purge check valve 616 is intermittently switched with the discharge of wastewater tail gas from the hydrogen end, and the discharge is completed through the tail pipe 10.

[0130] S22: When the hydrogen leakage concentration X is at the secondary concentration (P2≤X<P1):

[0131] S221: Control the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system; control the purge component 61 to purge continuously, the purge flow rate of the purge component 61 is V1 (V1>V2), and the purge time of the continuous purge is T1 (T1>T2); control the side ventilation window 620 to open.

[0132] At the secondary concentration, hydrogen leakage is detected in the main box of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and a warning secondary alarm is issued. The hydrogen fuel cell system runs at reduced power, the bypass valve 617 is opened, and compressed air flows through the pre-cooling buffer device 618. The opening of the purge proportional valve 615 is reduced to N1 (N1 < N2), and the purge flow of the purge component 61 is increased to V1 (V1 > V2). The purge time is T1 (reference value 10-15min), and the purge check valve 616 is intermittently switched with the discharge of wastewater tail gas from the hydrogen end, and the discharge is completed through the tail exhaust pipe 10.

[0133] In addition, since the secondary concentration is a relatively low (i.e., less safe) concentration level, in S221, the at least partially closed top exhaust port 2 may be opened, for example, by controlling the first exhaust skylight 31 to open, so as to improve the exhaust ventilation capacity.

[0134] Among them, after S1, the concentration level S can be directly determined according to the current hydrogen leakage concentration X, and directly correspondingly enter one of S24, S23, S22, and S21. Alternatively, after obtaining the hydrogen leakage concentration X, the relationship between the hydrogen leakage concentration X and each hydrogen leakage concentration range value can be compared in sequence according to the set order to determine the concentration level S, for example, it is determined in sequence whether the hydrogen leakage concentration X is in the fourth level concentration, the third level concentration, the second level concentration, and the first level concentration.

[0135] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed" to another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an element in the middle. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element in the middle. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple", "multiple roots", "multiple groups" mean two or more.

[0136] The terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0137] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0138] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0139] The above is a detailed introduction to the hydrogen safety management and control system and control method of the hydrogen fuel cell for vehicles provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles, characterized in that: The box (5) comprises a main box (51), a purge system (6) and a hydrogen-related component (91) are arranged in the main box (51), and a top exhaust port (2) is arranged on a top plate (511) of the main box (51), and a side exhaust port (1) is arranged on a side plate (513), so as to respectively be used for ventilation between the main box (51) and the outside; The purge system (6) comprises a purge member (61), wherein the purge member (61) comprises a first purge member (611) and a second purge member (612); the first purge member (611) is arranged at a preset purge position under the hydrogen-related component (91), and can drive the gas to flow upward by purge; the second purge member (612) is arranged at the top of the main box (51), and can drive the gas to flow toward the side exhaust port (1) by purge.

2. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The box body (5) further comprises a cover plate (52) fixed above the top plate (511) of the main box body (51), a top duct (521) penetrating front to back is formed between the cover plate (52) and the top plate (511), and the top exhaust port (2) is arranged on the top plate (511).

3. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top exhaust port (2) comprises a first exhaust port (21) and a second exhaust port (22); the first exhaust port (21) is a waterproof and breathable port, and the second exhaust port (22) is provided with an openable and closable exhaust skylight (3).

4. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The box body (5) further comprises a supporting plate (53) fixed below the bottom plate (512) of the main box body (51), and a bottom duct (531) penetrating front to back is formed between the supporting plate (53) and the bottom plate (512); a bottom exhaust port (4) is provided on the bottom plate (512) to connect the interior of the main box body (51) and the bottom duct (531).

5. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The purge system (6) further comprises an openable and closable side ventilation window (620) disposed on the side exhaust port (1); cooling fans (55) are respectively disposed on the outsides of the two side panels (513) of the main box body (51), the air outlet of the cooling fan (55) being located at the top thereof, and the side exhaust port (1) being located above the cooling fan (55).

6. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A fuel cell stack (8) is arranged in the main box (51), the fuel cell stack (8) having a cathode inlet (82) and an anode inlet (81), the cathode inlet (82) being connected to an air subsystem (7), the anode inlet (81) being connected to a hydrogen subsystem (9), the hydrogen-related component (91) being arranged in the hydrogen subsystem (9), the fuel cell stack (8) having a first outlet (83), the first outlet (83) being connected to a tail exhaust pipe (10) for tail exhaust; The purge system (6) further comprises a purge proportional valve (615); the purge component (61) is a three-way pipe, one port of which is a purge port for blowing out air, one port is an air inlet port connected to the air subsystem (7), and one port is an air outlet port connected to the tail exhaust pipe (10); the purge proportional valve (615) is connected to the air inlet port and / or the air outlet port to control the purge flow rate of the purge port.

7. The hydrogen-related safety management and control system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The purge system (6) further comprises a bypass valve (617); the first purge components (611) are connected in series to form a first branch (613), and the second purge components (612) are connected in series to form a second branch (614); the air inlet ends of the first branch (613) and the second branch (614) are connected to the air subsystem (7) via the bypass valve (617), so as to control the on / off of the airflow of the first branch (613) and the second branch (614) via the bypass valve (617); and the air outlet ends of the first branch (613) and the second branch (614) are connected to the tail exhaust pipe (10) via the purge proportional valve (615).

8. A control method for a hydrogen safety management system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: A hydrogen-related safety control system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The control method comprises: Acquiring the hydrogen leakage concentration in the main box (51), and determining the concentration level of the hydrogen leakage concentration, wherein the concentration levels are multiple, and each concentration level corresponds to a different hydrogen leakage concentration range value; According to the concentration level, the purge flow rate and / or the opening and closing condition of the purge member (61) is controlled, and the opening and closing conditions of the top exhaust port (2) and the side exhaust port (1) are controlled.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The concentration levels include primary concentration; When the hydrogen leakage concentration is at the primary concentration: Controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to shut down, the purge component (61) to close, and the side exhaust port (1) to close; Controlling a preset exhaust port in the top exhaust port (2) to open for ventilation until the hydrogen leakage concentration drops to a value not higher than a safe concentration value, and the safe concentration value is lower than a hydrogen leakage concentration range value corresponding to the first-level concentration; When the hydrogen leakage concentration drops from the primary concentration to a value not higher than the safety concentration value, the hydrogen fuel cell system is kept shut down, the purge component (61) is closed, the side exhaust port (1) is closed, and the preset exhaust port is controlled to be closed.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The concentration level includes a plurality of purge concentration levels, and at each of the purge concentration levels, as the concentration level increases, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases; At each of the purge concentration levels, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to operate normally, controlling the purge component (61) to purge, and controlling the side exhaust port (1) to open; Wherein, as the concentration level decreases, the purge flow rate and / or the purge time of the purge member (61) increases.

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