Programmable alternating current power supply for simulating power grid for testing

Abstract

The invention discloses a programmable alternating current power supply for simulating a power grid for testing, and belongs to the technical field of energy testing. In order to solve the problem that standards of different power grids are different, input electric energy is received and rectified, and input electric energy with the direct current property is obtained; smoothing operation is carried out on the input electric energy, ripples are removed, the input electric energy with the ripples removed is obtained, the input electric energy is converted into alternating current again, and converted electric energy is obtained; adjusting the voltage of the converted electric energy, and filtering to obtain initial output electric energy; monitoring the preliminary output electric energy to obtain monitored electric energy data, and extracting effective value information of voltage and current from the monitored electric energy data; generating a required synthetic waveform based on the preliminary output electric energy; a sine pulse width modulation signal is generated based on the synthetic waveform, the preliminary output electric energy is adjusted through the sine pulse width modulation signal, standard output electric energy is obtained, various output parameters of the power supply can be adjusted, and different power grids can be simulated for testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy testing, and in particular to a programmable AC power supply for testing a simulated power grid. Background Art

[0002] Due to the different power grid indicators of different countries, the production of export electrical products or the use of imported electrical equipment requires power supplies to simulate the power grid conditions of different countries and ensure stability. In the past, generators were used for secondary frequency conversion, which had high noise, poor stability, low efficiency, and large size, and were gradually replaced by variable frequency power supplies.

[0003] The excellent performance of the power supply is directly related to the reliability of the product monitoring process. Therefore, the stability and adjustment accuracy of the power supply are more important. At present, the commonly used power supply basically achieves the purpose of controlling the voltage change by rotating the potentiometer. This type of power supply has many inconveniences. For example, it is difficult to accurately adjust the required voltage, and the output voltage of this type of power supply is unstable. At the same time, it also has the disadvantages of large size, complex circuit and high cost.

[0004] The above defects deserve improvement. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing, comprising:

[0007] Power conversion unit for:

[0008] Receiving input electric energy from an external power source, and rectifying the input electric energy to convert alternating current into direct current to obtain input electric energy of direct current nature;

[0009] Smoothing the input electric energy of direct current nature to remove ripples to obtain input electric energy after ripple removal, and reconverting the input electric energy after ripple removal into alternating current to obtain converted electric energy;

[0010] Output conditioning unit for:

[0011] adjusting the voltage of the converted electric energy, and filtering the converted electric energy with the adjusted voltage to obtain preliminary output electric energy;

[0012] Monitor the preliminary output electric energy, obtain the monitored electric energy data for control and regulation, and extract the effective value information of voltage and current from the monitored electric energy data;

[0013] Waveform control unit for:

[0014] Control the voltage and stability of the initial output power, and serve as the control center of the entire power system to coordinate the work of each module;

[0015] Generate the required synthetic waveform based on the preliminary output power and optimize the performance of the power system through the proportional integral derivative control algorithm;

[0016] A sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal is generated based on the synthesized waveform, and the preliminary output electric energy is adjusted by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal to obtain standard output electric energy.

[0017] Furthermore, the power conversion unit includes:

[0018] Input modules for:

[0019] Connect to external power sources with different parameters and obtain input power from the external power sources;

[0020] Rectifier modules for:

[0021] The current direction of the input electric energy is precisely controlled by the bridge rectifier circuit, so that the current can flow in one direction in both the positive and negative half-cycles of the alternating current, and the alternating current of the input electric energy is converted into pulsed direct current, forming a voltage mutation with a certain frequency, providing the necessary DC power supply foundation for subsequent filtering and voltage stabilization links;

[0022] Filter module for:

[0023] The alternating current is converted into pulsating direct current by half-wave or full-wave rectification through a semiconductor diode, and then the ripple in the direct current is smoothed through a filter to finally output stable direct current;

[0024] Power inverter modules for:

[0025] By controlling the switching devices through pulse width modulation, DC power is converted into high-frequency pulses, and after transformer coupling and filtering, AC power with the required frequency and phase is output.

[0026] Furthermore, the output adjustment unit includes:

[0027] Transformer and filter modules for:

[0028] The transformer performs power conversion and voltage adjustment, the filter removes high-frequency components in the AC power, and the integrated protection mechanism and monitoring system monitor the performance of the inverter in real time, automatically adjusting the output to adapt to load changes;

[0029] Output modules for:

[0030] Connecting to the load or electrical equipment, and outputting the current processed by the transformer and filter module to the load or electrical equipment;

[0031] Effective value control module for:

[0032] By collecting voltage and current waveform data in real time, the Fourier transform algorithm is used to analyze the spectral components of the waveform, and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental and harmonic waves are calculated. Then, according to the definition of effective value, the information is integrated through square steps to calculate the root mean square (RMS) value of voltage and current, and the effective value information is provided to the system.

[0033] Furthermore, the waveform control unit includes:

[0034] A voltage control module for:

[0035] By monitoring the output voltage in real time, the closed-loop feedback control system is used to dynamically adjust the inverter's PWM duty cycle or transformer tap position, control the voltage amplitude, and suppress grid fluctuations and load changes through compensation algorithms;

[0036] Waveform synthesis module for:

[0037] Using digital signal processing technology, according to the required voltage and current specifications, a signal generation algorithm generates a PWM signal to control the switching sequence and time of the switching devices in the inverter to synthesize the required sine wave and square wave;

[0038] PID control module for:

[0039] By real-time monitoring of the deviation between the system output and the predetermined target, the three parameters of proportion, integration and differentiation are dynamically adjusted to form a control signal. The proportional part quickly responds to the deviation, the integral part eliminates the steady-state error, and the differential part predicts and suppresses the change trend of the deviation.

[0040] SPWM synthesis module for:

[0041] The PWM signal corresponding to the sinusoidal waveform is generated by precise calculation, so that the duty cycle of the signal changes with the change of the sinusoidal wave to control the switching devices in the power inverter module.

[0042] Furthermore, the output adjustment unit further includes:

[0043] Measurement feedback modules for:

[0044] High-precision sensors are used to monitor key parameters of the inverter such as output voltage, current and frequency in real time. These real-time data are converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control system. The control system compares these feedback information with preset targets and dynamically adjusts the control strategy.

[0045] Furthermore, the waveform control unit also includes:

[0046] Mainboard control module, used for:

[0047] Through the hub of the power system, it receives and processes real-time data from the measurement feedback module, executes the control algorithm based on the central processing unit, generates control instructions, and sends precise control information to each module in real time, while monitoring the system status and working together for all modules.

[0048] Furthermore, the voltage transformation and filtering module includes:

[0049] The transformer module is used to: receive the power input from the front stage of the power system, monitor the current voltage, and compare the current voltage with the target output voltage;

[0050] According to the required target output voltage, adjust the tap position of the transformer or use electronic regulation method to change the output voltage;

[0051] Adjust the output voltage to adapt to changes in load or maintain a constant voltage. During the voltage conversion process, the transformer module should also include overload and short-circuit protection mechanisms to prevent damage to the equipment or safety accidents;

[0052] Filter submodule, used to:

[0053] Receiving an AC voltage output by a transformer submodule, wherein the AC voltage contains certain ripples and noise;

[0054] Query the frequency components that need to be filtered out and design a suitable filter circuit;

[0055] The input AC voltage is smoothed through the inductor and capacitor components of the filter to reduce ripple and noise;

[0056] In the filter design process, it is necessary to consider suppressing the high-order harmonic components in the voltage to improve the power quality;

[0057] Monitor the filtered voltage to ensure that it meets the purity and stability required by the system. According to the output monitoring results, adjust the filter parameters through the feedback mechanism to optimize the filtering effect.

[0058] Furthermore, the waveform synthesis module also includes:

[0059] Digital signal processing submodule for:

[0060] The digital signal processing submodule is responsible for generating and processing waveform data in digital form. It usually uses fast Fourier transform algorithms to analyze and synthesize signals, and uses digital filters to optimize waveform quality;

[0061] Analog signal output submodule, used for:

[0062] The digital waveform generated by the digital signal processing submodule is converted into an analog signal for practical use by external circuits.

[0063] Furthermore, the mainboard control also includes:

[0064] Interaction submodule, used to:

[0065] Generate a human-machine interaction interface, and display the real-time control information and real-time status of the operation instructions of the power conversion unit, the output and adjustment unit, and the waveform control unit through the interaction submodule. At the same time, the operator can control the power conversion unit, the output and adjustment unit, and the waveform control unit in real time through the interaction submodule, thereby interacting through the programmable AC power supply;

[0066] Control execution submodule, used to:

[0067] The control execution generated according to the interaction submodule is executed, and the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply is realized by interacting with the power conversion unit, the output and regulation unit and the waveform control unit.

[0068] Furthermore, the output and adjustment unit also includes:

[0069] Connect to the electronic load and test the performance of the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply through the electronic load.

[0070] It protects the circuit based on electronic load and programmable AC power supply, handles the overload, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating and short circuit in the circuit, sends out an alarm signal after the protection device is activated, and displays the fault code of one or more combinations of overload, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating and short circuit in the circuit through the interactive sub-module.

[0071] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0072] 1. Receive input electric energy from an external power source, rectify the input electric energy, convert AC power into DC power, and obtain input electric energy of DC nature; smooth the input electric energy of DC nature, remove ripples, obtain input electric energy after ripple removal, and reconvert the input electric energy after ripple removal into AC power to obtain converted electric energy, adjust the voltage of the converted electric energy, and filter the converted electric energy with adjusted voltage to obtain preliminary output electric energy, thereby realizing preliminary regulation of electric energy;

[0073] 2. Control the voltage and stability of the initial output electric energy, and serve as the control center of the entire power supply system to coordinate the work of each module; generate the required synthetic waveform based on the initial output electric energy, and optimize the performance of the power supply system through a proportional-integral-differential control algorithm; generate a sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal based on the synthetic waveform, and adjust the initial output electric energy through the sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal to obtain standard output electric energy, thereby realizing secondary regulation of the initial regulated electric energy, and since the adjustment is made based on the monitoring results of the initial regulation, the standard output electric energy is more stable, thereby solving the waveform problem in the initial regulated electric energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the module principle of the programmable AC power supply used for simulating power grid testing according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0077] Power conversion unit for:

[0078] Receiving input electric energy from an external power source, and rectifying the input electric energy to convert alternating current into direct current to obtain input electric energy of direct current nature;

[0079] Smoothing the input electric energy of direct current nature to remove ripples to obtain input electric energy after ripple removal, and reconverting the input electric energy after ripple removal into alternating current to obtain converted electric energy;

[0080] Output conditioning unit for:

[0081] adjusting the voltage of the converted electric energy, and filtering the converted electric energy with the adjusted voltage to obtain preliminary output electric energy;

[0082] Monitor the preliminary output electric energy, obtain the monitored electric energy data for control and regulation, and extract the effective value information of voltage and current from the monitored electric energy data;

[0083] Waveform control unit for:

[0084] Control the voltage and stability of the initial output power, and serve as the control center of the entire power system to coordinate the work of each module;

[0085] Generate the required synthetic waveform based on the preliminary output power and optimize the performance of the power system through the proportional integral derivative control algorithm;

[0086] A sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal is generated based on the synthesized waveform, and the preliminary output electric energy is adjusted by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal to obtain standard output electric energy.

[0087] A power conversion unit, comprising:

[0088] Input modules for:

[0089] Connect to external power sources with different parameters and obtain input power from the external power sources;

[0090] Rectifier modules for:

[0091] The current direction of the input electric energy is precisely controlled by the bridge rectifier circuit, so that the current can flow in one direction in both the positive and negative half-cycles of the alternating current, and the alternating current of the input electric energy is converted into pulsed direct current, forming a voltage mutation with a certain frequency, providing the necessary DC power supply foundation for subsequent filtering and voltage stabilization links;

[0092] Filter module for:

[0093] The alternating current is converted into pulsating direct current by half-wave or full-wave rectification through a semiconductor diode, and then the ripple in the direct current is smoothed through a filter to finally output stable direct current;

[0094] Power inverter modules for:

[0095] By controlling the switching devices through pulse width modulation, DC power is converted into high-frequency pulses, and after transformer coupling and filtering, AC power with the required frequency and phase is output.

[0096] Furthermore, through real-time monitoring and automatic response to abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, short circuit and overheating, the safety and stability of the entire inverter process are ensured. At the same time, it has functions such as fault diagnosis, remote monitoring and user configurability, which improves the intelligence level of the system and the convenience of maintenance and management.

[0097] Specifically, the DC input can be received through the transformer and filter module, and the switching time of the switching device can be accurately adjusted using the PWM control technology to generate the required AC frequency and waveform.

[0098] Output conditioning unit, comprising:

[0099] Transformer and filter modules for:

[0100] The transformer performs power conversion and voltage adjustment, and then the filter further removes the high-frequency components in the AC power to ensure the purity of the output waveform. Finally, the integrated protection mechanism and monitoring system monitor the performance of the inverter in real time, automatically adjust the output to adapt to load changes, and ensure the stability of the entire inverter process and the quality of the output power.

[0101] Output module for:

[0102] Connecting to the load or electrical equipment, and outputting the current processed by the transformer and filter module to the load or electrical equipment;

[0103] Effective value control module for:

[0104] By collecting voltage and current waveform data in real time and using Fourier transform algorithms to analyze the spectral components of the waveforms, the amplitude and phase of the fundamental and harmonic waves are calculated. Then, based on the definition of effective value, this information is combined through squaring, summing, and square rooting to accurately calculate the root mean square (RMS) value of the voltage and current. This key effective value information is provided to the system for monitoring, controlling, and protecting the power system.

[0105] The output conditioning unit also includes:

[0106] Measurement feedback modules for:

[0107] High-precision sensors are used to monitor the inverter's output voltage, current, frequency and other key parameters in real time. These real-time data are converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control system. The control system compares these feedback information with the preset targets and dynamically adjusts the control strategy, such as PID parameters or SPWM signals, to achieve precise control and optimization of the inverter output, ensuring the stability of system performance and the quality of output power.

[0108] Transformer and filter modules for:

[0109] The transformer module is used to: receive the power input from the front stage of the power system, monitor the current voltage, and compare the current voltage with the target output voltage;

[0110] According to the required target output voltage, adjust the tap position of the transformer or use electronic regulation method to change the output voltage;

[0111] Adjust the output voltage to adapt to changes in load or maintain a constant voltage. (For multiple power systems, the transformer module needs to control the voltage between different phases to ensure synchronization and balance between phases.) During the voltage conversion process, the transformer module should also include overload, short circuit and other protection mechanisms to prevent damage to equipment or safety accidents.

[0112] Filter submodule, used to:

[0113] Receiving an AC voltage output by a transformer submodule, wherein the AC voltage may contain certain ripples and noise;

[0114] Find the frequency components that need to be filtered out and design a suitable filter circuit, such as an LC filter;

[0115] The input AC voltage is smoothed through the inductor and capacitor components of the filter to reduce ripple and noise;

[0116] The filter design needs to consider suppressing the high-order harmonic components in the voltage to improve the power quality;

[0117] Monitor the filtered voltage to ensure that it meets the purity and stability required by the system. According to the output monitoring results, adjust the filter parameters through the feedback mechanism to optimize the filtering effect.

[0118] Output and regulation unit, also includes:

[0119] Connect to the electronic load and test the performance of the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply through the electronic load. There is no type restriction on the electronic load, and resistive load, inductive load, capacitive load, and rectifier load are all acceptable.

[0120] The protection module protects the circuit based on electronic load and programmable AC power supply, handles overload, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating and short circuit in the circuit, and sends out an alarm signal after the protection device is activated, and displays the fault code of one or more combinations of overload, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating and short circuit in the circuit through the interactive sub-module.

[0121] Furthermore, by removing the high-frequency components in the AC power through the filter, the purity of the output waveform can be ensured. The performance of the inverter can be monitored in real time through the integrated protection mechanism and monitoring system to ensure the stability of the entire inverter process and the quality of the output power.

[0122] Specifically, the effective value information is provided to the system, which can be used to monitor, control and protect the power system.

[0123] Specifically, when adjusting the output voltage to adapt to changes in the load or to maintain a constant voltage, for multiple power supply systems, the transformer submodule needs to control the voltage between different phases to ensure synchronization and balance between the phases.

[0124] Specifically, when the electronic load is connected to test the performance of the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply, there is no type restriction on the electronic load, and resistive load, inductive load, capacitive load, and rectifier load are all acceptable.

[0125] Waveform control unit, comprising:

[0126] Voltage control module for:

[0127] By monitoring the output voltage in real time, the closed-loop feedback control system is used to dynamically adjust the inverter's PWM duty cycle or transformer tap position to accurately control the voltage and amplitude. At the same time, advanced compensation algorithms are used to suppress the impact of grid fluctuations and load changes to ensure the stability and accuracy of the output voltage, thereby providing a constant voltage output that meets the requirements.

[0128] Waveform synthesis module for:

[0129] Using advanced digital signal processing technology, according to the required voltage and current specifications, a PWM signal is generated through a carefully designed algorithm to accurately control the switching sequence and time of the switching devices in the inverter to synthesize the required sine wave, square wave or other specific waveform to ensure that the output waveform meets the specific frequency, amplitude and phase requirements, thereby achieving precise control and optimization of the power system waveform;

[0130] PID control module for:

[0131] By real-time monitoring of the deviation between the system output and the predetermined target, the three parameters of proportion, integration and differentiation are dynamically adjusted to form a control signal to achieve precise regulation of the system output. The proportion part responds to the deviation quickly, the integration part eliminates the steady-state error, and the differentiation part predicts and suppresses the change trend of the deviation. By combining these control functions, the system response speed, stability and accuracy are optimized, thereby improving the overall system performance.

[0132] SPWM synthesis module for:

[0133] By accurately calculating and generating PWM signals corresponding to the sine waveform, the duty cycle of these signals changes with the change of the sine wave to control the switching devices in the power inverter module, realize the precise adjustment of the output AC frequency and amplitude, and ensure that the waveform output by the inverter is close to the ideal sine wave, thereby optimizing the performance and power quality of the inverter.

[0134] The waveform control unit further includes:

[0135] Mainboard control module, used for:

[0136] As the hub of the entire power supply system, it is responsible for receiving and processing real-time data from the measurement feedback module, executing the control algorithm through the central processing unit, generating control instructions, and sending precise control information to various modules such as the SPWM synthesis module, PID control module, etc. in real time. At the same time, it monitors the system status to ensure that all modules work together to achieve efficient, stable operation and precise control of the power supply system.

[0137] The waveform synthesis module also includes:

[0138] Digital signal processing submodule for:

[0139] Responsible for generating and processing waveform data in digital form, including signal generation, modification, conversion and other processing processes. The digital signal processing submodule usually uses the fast Fourier transform algorithm to analyze and synthesize signals, and uses digital filters to optimize the waveform quality. In addition, it may also include waveform digital generation algorithms, such as direct digital synthesis (DDS) technology, which is used to generate high-quality analog waveforms;

[0140] Analog signal output submodule, used for:

[0141] The digital waveform generated by the digital signal processing submodule is converted into an analog signal for use by external circuits. This process usually involves a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and subsequent analog signal processing circuits, such as a low-pass filter, which is used to remove high-frequency components in the digital signal to obtain a smooth analog waveform. In addition, this submodule may also include signal amplification and conditioning functions to ensure that the output waveform meets specific power and amplitude requirements.

[0142] The mainboard control module also includes:

[0143] Interaction submodule, used to:

[0144] Generate a human-machine interaction interface, and display the real-time control information and real-time status of the operation instructions of the power conversion unit, the output and adjustment unit, and the waveform control unit through the interactive submodule. At the same time, the operator can control the power conversion unit, the output and adjustment unit, and the waveform control unit in real time through the interactive submodule, so as to perform the programmable AC power supply;

[0145] Control execution submodule, used to:

[0146] The control execution generated according to the interaction submodule is executed, and the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply is realized by interacting with the power conversion unit, the output and regulation unit and the waveform control unit.

[0147] Specifically, the compensation algorithm is used to suppress grid fluctuations and load changes, ensure the stability and accuracy of the output voltage, and thus provide a constant voltage output that meets the requirements.

[0148] Specifically, by precisely controlling the switching sequence and timing of the switching devices in the inverter to synthesize the required sine wave, square wave or other specific waveform, it is ensured that the output waveform meets the specific frequency, amplitude and phase requirements, thereby achieving precise control and optimization of the power system waveform.

[0149] Furthermore, by accurately calculating and generating a PWM signal corresponding to a sinusoidal waveform, the duty cycle of the signal changes with the change of the sinusoidal wave to control the switching devices in the power inverter module, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the output AC frequency and amplitude, ensuring that the waveform output by the inverter is close to the ideal sine wave, thereby optimizing the performance and power quality of the inverter.

[0150] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: receiving input electric energy from an external power supply, rectifying the input electric energy, converting AC power into DC power, and obtaining input electric energy of DC nature; smoothing the input electric energy of DC nature, removing ripples, and obtaining input electric energy after ripple removal, and reconverting the input electric energy after ripple removal into AC power to obtain converted electric energy, adjusting the voltage of the converted electric energy, and filtering the converted electric energy with adjusted voltage to obtain preliminary output electric energy, thereby realizing preliminary regulation of electric energy, and generating a sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal based on a synthetic waveform, and adjusting the preliminary output electric energy through the sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal to obtain standard output electric energy, and performing secondary regulation on the preliminary regulated electric energy. Moreover, since the adjustment is made based on the monitoring result of the initial regulation, the standard output electric energy is more stable, thereby solving the waveform problem in the preliminary output electric energy.

[0151] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A programmable AC power source for simulating a power grid for testing, characterized in that: include: Power conversion unit for: Receiving input electric energy from an external power source, and rectifying the input electric energy to convert alternating current into direct current to obtain input electric energy of direct current nature; Smoothing the input electric energy of direct current nature to remove ripples to obtain input electric energy after ripple removal, and reconverting the input electric energy after ripple removal into alternating current to obtain converted electric energy; Output conditioning unit for: adjusting the voltage of the converted electric energy, and filtering the converted electric energy with the adjusted voltage to obtain preliminary output electric energy; Monitor the preliminary output electric energy, obtain the monitored electric energy data for control and regulation, and extract the effective value information of voltage and current from the monitored electric energy data; Waveform control unit for: Control the voltage and stability of the initial output power, and serve as the control center of the entire power system to coordinate the work of each module; Generate the required synthetic waveform based on the preliminary output power and optimize the performance of the power system through the proportional integral derivative control algorithm; A sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal is generated based on the synthesized waveform, and the preliminary output electric energy is adjusted by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal to obtain standard output electric energy.

2. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power conversion unit comprises: Input modules for: Connect to external power sources with different parameters and obtain input power from the external power sources; Rectifier modules for: The current direction of the input electric energy is precisely controlled by the bridge rectifier circuit, so that the current can flow in one direction in both the positive and negative half-cycles of the alternating current, and the alternating current of the input electric energy is converted into pulsed direct current, forming a voltage mutation with a certain frequency, providing the necessary DC power supply foundation for subsequent filtering and voltage stabilization links; Filter module for: The alternating current is converted into pulsating direct current by half-wave or full-wave rectification through a semiconductor diode, and then the ripple in the direct current is smoothed through a filter to finally output stable direct current; Power inverter modules for: By controlling the switching devices through pulse width modulation, DC power is converted into high-frequency pulses, and after transformer coupling and filtering, AC power with the required frequency and phase is output.

3. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The output adjustment unit comprises: Transformer and filter modules for: The transformer performs power conversion and voltage adjustment, the filter removes high-frequency components in the AC power, and the integrated protection mechanism and monitoring system monitor the performance of the inverter in real time, automatically adjusting the output to adapt to load changes; Output modules for: Connecting to the load or electrical equipment, and outputting the current processed by the transformer and filter module to the load or electrical equipment; Effective value control module for: By collecting voltage and current waveform data in real time, the Fourier transform algorithm is used to analyze the spectral components of the waveform, and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental and harmonic waves are calculated. Then, according to the definition of effective value, the information is integrated through square steps to calculate the root mean square (RMS) value of voltage and current, and the effective value information is provided to the system.

4. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveform control unit comprises: A voltage control module for: By monitoring the output voltage in real time, the closed-loop feedback control system is used to dynamically adjust the inverter's PWM duty cycle or transformer tap position, control the voltage amplitude, and suppress grid fluctuations and load changes through compensation algorithms; Waveform synthesis module for: Using digital signal processing technology, according to the required voltage and current specifications, a signal generation algorithm generates a PWM signal to control the switching sequence and time of the switching devices in the inverter to synthesize the required sine wave and square wave; PID control module for: By real-time monitoring of the deviation between the system output and the predetermined target, the three parameters of proportion, integration and differentiation are dynamically adjusted to form a control signal. The proportional part quickly responds to the deviation, the integral part eliminates the steady-state error, and the differential part predicts and suppresses the change trend of the deviation. SPWM synthesis module for: By generating a PWM signal corresponding to a sinusoidal waveform, the duty cycle of the signal changes with the change of the sinusoidal wave, so as to control the switching devices in the power inverter module.

5. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output adjustment unit further includes: Measurement feedback modules for: High-precision sensors are used to monitor key parameters of the inverter such as output voltage, current and frequency in real time. These real-time data are converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control system. The control system compares these feedback information with preset targets and dynamically adjusts the control strategy.

6. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The waveform control unit also includes: Mainboard control module, used for: Through the hub of the power system, it receives and processes real-time data from the measurement feedback module, executes the control algorithm based on the central processing unit, generates control instructions, and sends precise control information to each module in real time, while monitoring the system status and working together for all modules.

7. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage transformation and filtering module comprises: The transformer module is used to: receive the power input from the front stage of the power system, monitor the current voltage, and compare the current voltage with the target output voltage; According to the required target output voltage, adjust the tap position of the transformer or use electronic regulation method to change the output voltage; Adjust the output voltage to adapt to changes in load or maintain a constant voltage. During the voltage conversion process, the transformer module should also include overload and short-circuit protection mechanisms to prevent damage to the equipment or safety accidents; Filter submodule, used to: Receiving an AC voltage output by a transformer submodule, wherein the AC voltage contains certain ripples and noise; Query the frequency components that need to be filtered out and design a suitable filter circuit; The input AC voltage is smoothed through the inductor and capacitor components of the filter to reduce ripple and noise; Consider the need to suppress high-order harmonic components in the voltage during filter design to improve power quality; Monitor the filtered voltage to ensure that it meets the purity and stability required by the system. According to the output monitoring results, adjust the filter parameters through the feedback mechanism to optimize the filtering effect.

8. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The waveform synthesis module also includes: Digital signal processing submodule for: Responsible for generating and processing waveform data in digital form. The digital signal processing submodule usually uses the fast Fourier transform algorithm to analyze and synthesize signals, and uses digital filters to optimize the waveform quality; Analog signal output submodule, used for: The digital waveform generated by the digital signal processing submodule is converted into an analog signal for practical use by external circuits.

9. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mainboard control also includes: Interaction submodule, used to: Generate a human-machine interaction interface, and display the real-time control information and real-time status of the operation instructions of the power conversion unit, the output and adjustment unit, and the waveform control unit through the interaction submodule. At the same time, the operator can control the power conversion unit, the output and adjustment unit, and the waveform control unit in real time through the interaction submodule, thereby interacting through the programmable AC power supply; Control execution submodule, used to: The control execution generated according to the interaction submodule is executed, and the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply is realized by interacting with the power conversion unit, the output and regulation unit and the waveform control unit.

10. The programmable AC power supply for simulating a power grid for testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output and regulation unit also includes: Connect to the electronic load and test the performance of the simulated power grid of the programmable AC power supply through the electronic load. It protects the circuit based on electronic load and programmable AC power supply, handles the overload, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating and short circuit in the circuit, sends out an alarm signal after the protection device is activated, and displays the fault code of one or more combinations of overload, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating and short circuit in the circuit through the interactive sub-module.

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