Composite planting method for improving benefits of interplanting polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge field

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite planting method for improving benefits of interplanting polygonatum cyrtonema in a mountain ridge field, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and the composite planting method comprises the steps of planting trichosanthes kirilowii maxim in the same ridge and on two sides of the ridge, interplanting polygonatum cyrtonema under the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, and interplanting soybeans on the edge of polygonatum cyrtonema. The land utilization rate can be effectively increased, and the planting and management cost is saved; the income period is shortened, and the unit area output value is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields. Background Art

[0002] Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. is a perennial herb of the genus Polygonatum in the Liliaceae family. It is one of the three origins of Polygonatum included in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Polygonatum has the effects of replenishing qi and nourishing yin, moistening the lungs and strengthening the spleen, nourishing the kidneys and benefiting essence, enhancing immune function and delaying aging. It has a history of more than 2,000 years of dual use of food and medicine in my country. It is not only nutritious but also safe to eat. It is a famous grain. The area of ​​Polygonatum cyrtonema planted in various parts of the country has expanded rapidly, but at present, scientific and technological support in terms of breeding of fine varieties and efficient cultivation technology is still insufficient. In production, the source of Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is still mainly excavated from wild resources and purchased from other provinces, resulting in serious damage to wild resources and mixed planting varieties; secondly, the level of planting technology is uneven. A certain proportion of planting bases in Fujian Province have unsatisfactory yields and planting income, and some even have no harvest, which seriously affects the yield and quality of artificial cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema. The breeding of high-quality Polygonatum cyrtonema is the key to solving the technical bottleneck in its production. The breeding of high-quality Polygonatum cyrtonema is of great significance to the development of artificial cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Planting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields is more conducive to intensive cultivation and convenient management. Polygonatum cyrtonema has high yield and good benefits.

[0003] Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, also known as Trichosanthes kirilowii, hanging melon, and medicinal melon, is a perennial climbing herb of the genus Trichosanthes in the Cucurbitaceae family, with dioecious plants. The fruit and root of Trichosanthes kirilowii can be used as medicine. The fruit shell is called Trichosanthes peel in Chinese medicine, the seed is called Trichosanthes kernel in Chinese medicine, and the root is called Trichosanthes root in Chinese medicine. The whole Trichosanthes kirilowii can be used as medicine to clear away heat and dissipate stagnation, moisten the lungs and resolve phlegm, nourish the stomach and promote fluid production. Trichosanthes kirilowii is a traditional and commonly used Chinese medicinal material with a long history of application. As a local medicinal material with characteristics of our province, Trichosanthes kirilowii enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Trichosanthes kirilowii likes sufficient sunlight, which can promote the growth of branches and vines, differentiation of flower buds, flowering and fruiting. Trichosanthes kirilowii adopts a trellis cultivation mode, and the vines grow fast. It is generally planted in February to April of the same year, put on the shelves in March to April, and the fruits begin to mature in October. After pruning in November, new shoots can be drawn in March of the following year.

[0004] As the medicinal value of Polygonatum cyrtonema is recognized by people, the demand for raw materials increases, stimulating farmers to dig Polygonatum cyrtonema, leading to the accelerated depletion of wild resources. Artificial breeding has begun in production, and research has proposed binary composite forest cultivation models such as Castanea henryi-Polygonatum cyrtonema, Cunninghamia lanceolata-Polygonatum cyrtonema, and Bamboo-Polygonatum cyrtonema. Mountain ridge fields use vine crops and Polygonatum cyrtonema for composite planting, mostly single-crop composite planting. There is no relevant technology for composite planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii + Polygonatum cyrtonema + soybean. Polygonatum cyrtonema has different requirements for cultivation and management measures such as shading time and shading degree from other crops, and the corresponding management methods of Trichosanthes kirilowii vines are also different. In addition, the planting and management methods of soybeans also greatly affect the weed management costs and polysaccharide content of Polygonatum cyrtonema. At present, the bionic cultivation technology and composite planting model of Polygonatum cyrtonema under the forest are still imperfect, which seriously affects the quality of medicinal materials, and the land utilization rate is not high and the economic benefits need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve land utilization and promote the benefits of medicinal material planting, the present invention provides a composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields, utilizing the characteristics of Trichosanthes kirilowii being a perennial deciduous vine medicinal material, Polygonatum cyrtonema being a perennial shade-loving medicinal material, and soybean growing in spring and improving soil, Trichosanthes kirilowii is planted in a frame, Polygonatum cyrtonema is interplanted under the Trichosanthes frame, and Polygonatum cyrtonema is interplanted with soybean.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields, the composite planting method comprising planting Trichosanthes kirilowii on both sides of the same ridge, building a frame, allowing the stems and leaves of Trichosanthes kirilowii to quickly climb over the frame, and shading the Polygonatum cyrtonema; interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema under the Trichosanthes kirilowii, and interplanting soybeans on the side of the Polygonatum cyrtonema. In the same ridge, 3 rows of Polygonatum cyrtonema are planted in the ridge, and soybeans are planted between Trichosanthes kirilowii and Polygonatum cyrtonema, that is, planting 1 row of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 1 row of soybeans, 1 row of Polygonatum cyrtonema, 1 row of soybeans, 1 row of Polygonatum cyrtonema, 1 row of soybeans, 1 row of Polygonatum cyrtonema, 1 row of soybeans, 1 row of Polygonatum cyrtonema, 1 row of soybeans, and 1 row of Trichosanthes kirilowii in sequence.

[0008] Further, the intercropping method steps are as follows:

[0009] (1) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: clear weeds in winter, loosen the soil, plough 30-45 cm deep, harrow the soil, and build ridges with a width of 1.2-1.3 meters and a height of 25-30 cm. Drainage ditches are opened around the ridges. Apply base fertilizer, 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0010] (2) Frame building: 2.0-2.5 m high cement piles are set up in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.5-3 m. The top of the cement piles is pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to form a steel wire mesh as the climbing growth surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii;

[0011] (3) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In November and December of the same year, take the rhizome seedlings of excellent Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties with strong light resistance, high yield and strong resistance, and start planting at 0.2-0.3 meters in the bed, with a Polygonatum cyrtonema plant spacing of 25-30 cm and a row spacing of 25-30 cm;

[0012] (4) Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii: In November or December of the same year, early-maturing Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings with strong and disease-free branches were planted on both sides of the bed surface with a plant spacing of 1.1-1.2 meters and a row spacing of 3.5-4.0 meters;

[0013] (5) Soybean planting: Sow soybeans next to Polygonatum cyrtonema in March or April of the following year, i.e., one row of Polygonatum cyrtonema and one row of soybeans, 2-3 seeds per hole, with the spacing between plants being the same as that between Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, and the row spacing being 10-15 cm;

[0014] (6) Management of Trichosanthes vines: The main vines of Trichosanthes are guided to the racks in an "L-shaped" manner. All side buds are removed before the main vines are placed on the racks. The main vines are guided to the racks in an alternating manner in a "flat" manner. The main vines are pinched when they grow to 3-3.5 meters after being placed on the racks. The secondary branches are pinched when they grow to 2-2.5 meters. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches are pinched when they grow to 1.3-1.5 meters. This can promote the early germination and branching of Trichosanthes, so that the vines will be fully grown in April, providing timely shading conditions for the emergence of Polygonatum multiflorum seedlings in early April.

[0015] (7) Soybean management: After soybeans are harvested, do not pull out the seedlings. Let them wither naturally to suppress other weeds and increase organic matter in the soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0016] (8) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and insect pest management for Trichosanthes kirilowii, soybean and Polygonatum cymbopogon;

[0017] (9) Harvesting: The fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii mature and are harvested in batches in October. After three years of planting, the aboveground parts of Polygonatum cyrtonema can be dug up in October after the seedlings fall over;

[0018] (10) Trichosanthes vine pruning: After the fruits are harvested in November, the main vine is left 1-1.2 meters above the frame, and the secondary vine is left with 2-3 nodes before all are cut off to facilitate wintering and promote the growth of spring shoots.

[0019] Furthermore, for Trichosanthes, early-maturing varieties that can climb in April are selected; for Polygonatum, varieties with strong light tolerance, high yield, strong resistance and can be intercropped in the field are selected; and for soybeans, early-maturing varieties with strong root systems are selected.

[0020] Furthermore, the Polygonatum cyrtonema adopts "Minchangjing No. 1".

[0021] "Minchangjing No. 1" is a new variety of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua., which was systematically selected from wild species on Tieniuguan Mountain in Huaqiao Township, Guangze County, Nanping City, in the northern section of Wuyi Mountain Range in Fujian Province. The main characteristics and advantages of this variety: "Minchangjing No. 1" has an annual growth period (from seedling to withering) of about 200 days, and the average height of a three-year-old plant is 107.3 cm; there are about 20 leaves, which are alternate, dark green, lanceolate, 19.8 cm long, 6.4 cm wide, and a leaf shape index of 3.1; there are 11 axillary inflorescences, umbels, 11 flowers per inflorescence, and yellow-green perianth; the flowering period is from March to May, and the fruit ripening period is from September to October; the berries are dark green, with about 6 seeds; the rhizome is thick, ginger-shaped, yellow-brown, with about 5 buds, segmented, and the node length is 5.3 cm and the diameter is 4.5 cm. The rhizome polysaccharide content of "Minchangjing No. 1" is 15.8%, 7.8 percentage points higher than that of ordinary multi-flowered polygonatum varieties; the average yield per mu is 2915.2 kg, 381.8% higher than that of ordinary multi-flowered polygonatum varieties. The new multi-flowered polygonatum variety "Minchangjing No. 1" is more light-resistant than other multi-flowered polygonatum varieties and more suitable for intercropping in mountain ridge fields; and compared with other multi-flowered polygonatum varieties, the plant is tall, with many rhizome buds, strong tillering ability, high yield, excellent quality, and strong resistance.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention, based on the adaptability of Polygonatum cyrtonema and Trichosanthes kirilowii to the site environment and the complementarity of the space and light requirements, plants the two crops in a composite manner, making full use of land and space resources and increasing economic benefits. Planting soybeans next to Polygonatum cyrtonema, the root secretions of soybeans will drive the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema to change, thereby increasing the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0024] 2. Intercropping Polygonatum cyrtonema under Trichosanthes reduces the cost of building shade sheds, and intercropping Polygonatum cyrtonema with soybeans reduces the cost of weed control. At the same time, the income from Trichosanthes and soybeans greatly improves the benefits of intercropping Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields.

[0025] 3. The composite planting mode of Polygonatum sibiricum + Trichosanthes kirilowii + soybean can effectively improve land utilization rate, make full use of natural resources such as light and heat, save planting and management costs, shorten the profit cycle, and increase the output value per unit area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is the effect of the planting site on the β diversity of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema as described in a specific implementation method.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a specific implementation method described in which the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cymbopogon in different planting sites differs.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a specific implementation method described in which the relative abundance of bacteria at the genus level in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cymbopogon in different planting sites differs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The above content is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0030] At the experimental base of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Huaqiao Township, Guangze County, Nanping City, Fujian Province (Hualiao Site), the composite pattern of mountain ridge Trichosanthes, Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybean (Example 1) and the conventional planting pattern of Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields (Comparative Example 1), the intercropping pattern of Trichosanthes and Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields (Comparative Example 2), and the intercropping pattern of soybean and Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields (Comparative Example 3) were implemented.

[0031] Example 1: Compound model of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Polygonatum cyrtonema and Soybean

[0032] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In September 2021, 10 mu of mountain fields were selected at an altitude of 408 meters, with sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0033] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In October 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 45 cm deep plowing was carried out, soil was broken and raked flat, ridges were made, 1.2 m wide and 30 cm high, and drainage ditches were opened around them; base fertilizer was applied, 2,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0034] (3) Frame building: 2.5-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.5 meters. The tops of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to form a steel wire mesh as the climbing growth surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii;

[0035] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In November, two-year-old rhizome seedlings of "Minchangjing No. 1" were planted at 0.2 meters inside the bed, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 30 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu;

[0036] (5) Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii: In November, early-maturing Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings with healthy and disease-free branches were planted on both sides of the bed surface, with a plant spacing of 1.1 meters and a row spacing of 4 meters, with 200 plants per mu;

[0037] (6) Soybean planting: Sow soybeans next to Polygonatum cyrtonema in March 2022, interplant with Polygonatum cyrtonema, plant 2 seeds in one hole, plant with the same spacing as Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, row spacing of 10 cm, and sow 5 catties of soybean seeds;

[0038] (7) Management of Trichosanthes vines: The main vines of Trichosanthes are guided to the racks in an "L-shaped" manner. All side buds are removed before the main vines are placed on the racks. The main vines are guided to the racks in an alternating manner in a "flat" manner. The main vines are pinched when they grow to 3 meters after being placed on the racks. The secondary branches are pinched when they grow to 2 meters. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches are pinched when they grow to 1.5 meters.

[0039] (8) Soybean management: After soybeans are harvested in July, do not pull out the seedlings. Let them wither naturally to suppress other weeds and increase organic matter in the soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0040] (9) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and insect pest management for Trichosanthes kirilowii, soybean and Polygonatum cyrtonema;

[0041] (10) Harvesting: The fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii are harvested in batches when they mature in October each year. After three years of planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, the aboveground parts are harvested in October 2024 after the seedlings fall over;

[0042] (11) Trichosanthes vine pruning: After the fruits are harvested in November each year, the main vine is left 1 meter above the frame, and the secondary vine is left with 2-3 nodes, and then all are cut off to facilitate wintering and promote spring shoots.

[0043] The fruits of Trichosanthes can be harvested every year; Polygonatum cyrtonema needs to be planted for more than 3 years; soybeans can be planted in spring every year and harvested in early summer.

[0044] Comparative Example 1: Conventional planting pattern of Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields

[0045] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In September 2021, 10 mu of mountain fields were selected at an altitude of 408 meters, with sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0046] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In October 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 45 cm deep plowing was carried out, soil was broken and raked flat, ridges were made, 1.2 m wide and 30 cm high, and drainage ditches were opened around them; base fertilizer was applied, 2,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0047] (3) Frame erection: 2.5-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.5 meters. The top of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to cover the sunshade net in April;

[0048] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In November, two-year-old rhizome seedlings of "Minchangjing No. 1" were planted at 0.2 meters inside the bed, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 30 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu;

[0049] (5) Weed control: Remove above-ground weeds 4-5 times from March to October each year.

[0050] (6) Polygonatum cyrtonema should carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and pest management;

[0051] (7) Harvesting: 3 years after planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, in October 2024, the above-ground parts are dug up after the seedlings fall over.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: Interplanting of Trichosanthes kirilowii and Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields

[0053] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In September 2021, 3 mu of mountain fields were selected at an altitude of 408 meters, with sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0054] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In October 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 45 cm deep plowing was carried out, soil was broken and raked flat, ridges were made, 1.2 m wide and 30 cm high, and drainage ditches were opened around them; base fertilizer was applied, 2,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0055] (3) Frame building: 2.5-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.5 meters. The tops of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to form a steel wire mesh as the climbing growth surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii;

[0056] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In November, two-year-old rhizome seedlings of "Minchangjing No. 1" were planted at 0.2 meters inside the bed, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 30 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu;

[0057] (5) Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii: In November, early-maturing Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings with healthy and disease-free branches were planted on both sides of the bed surface, with a plant spacing of 1.1 meters and a row spacing of 4 meters, with 200 plants per mu;

[0058] (6) Management of Trichosanthes vines: The main vines of Trichosanthes are guided to the rack in an "L-shaped" manner. All side buds are removed before the main vines are placed on the rack. The main vines are guided to the rack in an alternating manner in a "flat" manner. The main vines are pinched when they grow to 3 meters after being placed on the rack. The secondary branches are pinched when they grow to 2 meters. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches are pinched when they grow to 1.5 meters.

[0059] (7) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and insect pest management on Trichosanthes kirilowii and Polygonatum cymbopogon;

[0060] (8) Harvesting: The fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii are harvested in batches when they mature in October each year. After three years of planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, the aboveground parts are harvested in October 2024 after the seedlings fall over;

[0061] (9) Trichosanthes vine pruning: After the fruits are harvested in November each year, the main vine is left 1 meter above the frame, and the secondary vine is left with 2-3 nodes, and then all are cut off to facilitate wintering and promote spring shoots.

[0062] Comparative Example 3: Intercropping pattern of soybean and Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields

[0063] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In September 2021, 3 mu of mountain fields were selected at an altitude of 408 meters, with sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0064] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In October 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 45 cm deep plowing was carried out, soil was broken and raked flat, ridges were made, 1.2 m wide and 30 cm high, and drainage ditches were opened around them; base fertilizer was applied, 2,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0065] (3) Frame erection: 2.5-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.5 meters. The top of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to cover the sunshade net in April;

[0066] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In November, two-year-old rhizome seedlings of "Minchangjing No. 1" were planted at 0.2 meters inside the bed, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 30 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu;

[0067] (5) Soybean planting: Sow in March 2022, interplant with Polygonatum cyrtonema, plant 2 seeds per hole, row spacing 10 cm, and sow 5 catties of soybean seeds;

[0068] (6) Soybean management: After soybeans are harvested, do not pull out the seedlings. Let them wither naturally to suppress other weeds and increase the organic matter in the soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0069] (7) Routine water, fertilizer, disease and pest management for Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybean;

[0070] (8) Harvesting: 3 years after planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, in October 2024, the above-ground parts are dug up after the seedlings fall over.

[0071] At the Futun Cooperative Planting Base (Chongren Site) in Chongren Township, Guangze County, Nanping City, Fujian Province, the composite model of mountain ridge Trichosanthes kirilowii, Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybean (Example 2, Example 3) and the conventional planting model of mountain ridge field Polygonatum cyrtonema (Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5) were implemented.

[0072] Example 2: Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybean in a composite mode

[0073] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In October 2021, 15 mu of mountain fields were selected, with an altitude of 310 meters, sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0074] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In November 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 40 cm deep plowing was carried out, broken soil was raked and leveled, ridges were made, 1.3 m wide and 25 cm high, and drainage ditches were opened around them; base fertilizer was applied, 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0075] (3) Frame building: 2.0-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.8 meters. The tops of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to form a steel wire mesh as the climbing growth surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii;

[0076] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In December, two-year-old rhizome seedlings of "Minchangjing No. 1" were used to start planting at 0.3 meters in the bed, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu;

[0077] (5) Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii: In December, early-maturing Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings with healthy and disease-free branches were planted on both sides of the bed surface, with a plant spacing of 1.2 meters and a row spacing of 3.8 meters, with 200 plants per mu planted;

[0078] (6) Soybean planting: Sow in March 2022 next to Polygonatum cyrtonema and interplant with Polygonatum cyrtonema, 3 seeds per hole, 15 cm row spacing, and sow 5 catties of soybean seeds;

[0079] (7) Management of Trichosanthes vines: The main vines of Trichosanthes are guided to the rack in an "L-shaped" manner. All side buds are removed before the main vines are placed on the rack. The main vines are guided to the rack in an alternating manner in a "flat" manner. The main vines are pinched when they grow to 3.3 meters after being placed on the rack. The secondary branches are pinched when they grow to 2.4 meters. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches are pinched when they grow to 1.4 meters.

[0080] (8) Soybean management: After soybeans are harvested, do not pull out the seedlings. Let them wither naturally to suppress other weeds and increase organic matter in the soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0081] (9) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and insect pest management for Trichosanthes kirilowii, soybean and Polygonatum cyrtonema;

[0082] (10) Harvesting: The fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii are harvested in batches when they mature in October each year. After three years of planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, the aboveground parts are harvested in October 2024 after the seedlings fall over;

[0083] (11) Trichosanthes vine pruning: After the fruits are harvested in November each year, the main vine is left 1.1 meters above the frame, and the secondary vines are left with 2-3 nodes before all are cut off to facilitate wintering and promote the growth of spring shoots.

[0084] Comparative Example 4: Conventional planting pattern of Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields

[0085] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In October 2021, 15 mu of mountain fields were selected, with an altitude of 310 meters, sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0086] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In November 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 40 cm deep plowing was carried out, broken soil was raked and leveled, ridges were made, 1.3 m wide and 25 cm high, and drainage ditches were opened around them; base fertilizer was applied, 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

[0087] (3) Frame erection: 2.0-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.8 meters. The top of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to cover the sunshade net in April;

[0088] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In December, two-year-old rhizome seedlings of "Minchangjing No. 1" were planted at 0.3 meters in the bed, with a row spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu;

[0089] (5) Weed control: Remove above-ground weeds 4-5 times from March to October each year;

[0090] (6) Polygonatum cyrtonema should carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and pest management;

[0091] (7) Harvesting: 3 years after planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, in October 2024, the above-ground parts are dug up after the seedlings fall over.

[0092] Example 3: Common Polygonatum multiflorum variety composite planting pattern

[0093] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In October 2021, 15 mu of mountain fields were selected, with an altitude of 310 meters, sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0094] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In November 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 30 cm deep plowing was carried out, broken soil was raked and leveled, ridges were made, 1.3 m wide and 28 cm high, drainage ditches were opened around, base fertilizer was applied, 3,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per mu;

[0095] (3) Frame building: 2.3-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 3 meters. The tops of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to form a steel wire mesh as the climbing growth surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii;

[0096] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In December, two-year-old common Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizome seedlings were used and planted 0.2 meters inside the bed, with a row spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu.

[0097] (5) Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii: In December, early-maturing Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings with healthy and disease-free branches were planted on both sides of the bed surface, with a plant spacing of 1.2 meters and a row spacing of 3.5 meters, with 200 plants per mu;

[0098] (6) Soybean planting: Sow next to Polygonatum cyrtonema in March 2022, interplant with Polygonatum cyrtonema, plant 2 seeds per hole, row spacing 12 cm, and sow 5 catties of soybean seeds;

[0099] (7) Management of Trichosanthes vines: The main vines of Trichosanthes are guided to the rack in an "L-shaped" manner. All side buds are removed before the main vines are placed on the rack. The main vines are guided to the rack in an alternating manner in a "flat" manner. The main vines are pinched when they grow to 3.5 meters after being placed on the rack. The secondary branches are pinched when they grow to 2.5 meters. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches are pinched when they grow to 1.3 meters.

[0100] (8) Soybean management: After soybeans are harvested, do not pull out the seedlings. Let them wither naturally to suppress other weeds and increase the organic matter in the soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0101] (9) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and insect pest management for Trichosanthes kirilowii, soybean and Polygonatum cyrtonema;

[0102] (10) Harvesting: The fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii are harvested in batches when they mature in October each year. After three years of planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, the aboveground parts are harvested in October 2024 after the seedlings fall over;

[0103] (11) Trichosanthes vine pruning: After the fruits are harvested in November each year, the main vine is left 1.2 meters above the frame, and the secondary vine is left with 2-3 nodes before all are cut off to facilitate wintering and promote the growth of spring shoots.

[0104] Comparative Example 5: Conventional planting pattern of common Polygonatum cyrtonema

[0105] (1) Selection of mountain fields: In October 2021, 15 mu of mountain fields were selected, with an altitude of 310 meters, sandy loam and medium to high fertility.

[0106] (2) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: In November 2021, weeds were cleared, soil was loosened, 30 cm deep plowing was carried out, broken soil was raked and leveled, ridges were made, 1.3 m wide and 28 cm high, drainage ditches were opened around, base fertilizer was applied, 3,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per mu;

[0107] (3) Frame erection: 2.3-meter-high cement piles are erected in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 3 meters. The top of the cement piles are pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to cover the sunshade net in April;

[0108] (4) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In December, two-year-old common Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizome seedlings were used and planted 0.2 meters inside the bed, with a row spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. 4,000 Polygonatum cyrtonema plants were planted per mu.

[0109] (5) Weed control: Remove above-ground weeds 4-5 times from March to October each year;

[0110] (6) Polygonatum cyrtonema should carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and pest management;

[0111] (7) Harvesting: 3 years after planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, in October 2024, the above-ground parts are dug up after the seedlings fall over.

[0112] Comparison of results:

[0113] 1. Comparison of planting effects of different planting patterns

[0114] After practice at Huaqiao and Chongren sites, a comparison between the compound planting pattern of Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain ridge fields and the planting pattern of Polygonatum cyrtonema in ordinary mountain ridge fields is shown in Table 1.

[0115] Table 1 Results of different planting patterns

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Note: Polygonatum cyrtonema is harvested 3 years after planting, and the income of Polygonatum cyrtonema is the income after 3 years of planting; the 3-year per-mu output value is the income of Polygonatum cyrtonema + the 3-year income of Trichosanthes kirilowii + the 3-year income of soybean.

[0119] Composite planting model: (1) Taking advantage of the different spatial distribution of Trichosanthes and Polygonatum cyrtonema, their different requirements for light. Trichosanthes prefers sufficient sunlight, so it needs to be supported by a trellis and guided to grow in March and April; Polygonatum cyrtonema prefers to grow in a moist, semi-shaded environment, so it needs to be shaded by a shed from March to April when it is cultivated in mountain fields. Composite planting of Trichosanthes and Polygonatum cyrtonema can provide shade for Polygonatum cyrtonema without the need for additional trellises, thus reducing costs and increasing the income of Trichosanthes and Polygonatum cyrtonema. (2) By intercropping soybeans, Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybeans can inhibit weed growth and reduce the cost of weed control; harvesting soybeans increases per-acre income; at the same time, the root secretions of soybeans will drive changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema, thereby increasing the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0120] Ordinary planting mode: It is necessary to build a shed for shade and weed 3-5 times a year, which increases the planting cost; only the income from Polygonatum cyrtonema is obtained, which reduces the planting efficiency; when building a shed for shade, the land temperature is high and the soil is easy to harden, affecting the yield and quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema; the planting efficiency and profit are very low, far lower than that of the composite planting mode.

[0121] 2. Comparison of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema under different planting patterns

[0122] (1) Soil bacterial diversity

[0123] Three planting areas were set up, with Trichosanthes kirilowii + soybean + Polygonatum cyrtonema as QZ area, soybean + Polygonatum cyrtonema as SM area, and common Polygonatum cyrtonema as ZZ area. A total of 18 samples were collected from the three planting areas, and a total of 1,396,251 sequences and 22,501 OTUs were detected. efficient 483112 sequences. Coverage: 98.52%-98.73%. The Ace and Chao indices of the planting soil in QZ were significantly higher than those in ZZ, and the Shannon, Simpson and Sobs indices of QZ and SM were significantly higher than those in ZZ (see Table 2).

[0124] Table 2 Effect of planting site on β diversity of rhizospheric soil bacteria in Polygonatum cyrtonema

[0125]

[0126] Note: sobs: the number of species actually observed; Chao and ACE: species richness index; Shannon and Simpson: diversity index; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05).

[0127] PCoA at the OTU level reflects the degree of clustering of sample communities, indicating that the differences within the groups are small and the differences between the groups are large (see Figure 1 ).

[0128] (2) Different bacteria in rhizosphere soil of different planting areas

[0129] At the phylum level, the relative abundance of 27 bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema in different planting areas changed significantly (p < 0.05, Figure 2 ), and the 10 most differential bacterial phyla with the highest relative abundance were selected for analysis. The relative abundances of MBNT15 and Methylomirabilota in the QZ planting area were significantly higher than those in SM and ZZ; the relative abundances of Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota in the ZZ planting area were significantly higher than those in QZ and SM, while the relative abundances of Actinobacteriota and Nitrospirota showed the opposite change; the relative abundance of Myxococcota in the SM planting area was significantly higher than that in QZ and ZZ. The results showed that different planting sites drove the recruitment of specific bacterial phyla to colonize the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0130] At the genus level, the relative abundance of 558 bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema changed significantly (p < 0.05, Figure 3 ), and the 10 differential bacterial genera with the highest relative abundance were selected for analysis. Bacillus, as the dominant genus with the highest relative abundance, had a significant change in relative abundance under the three treatments: QZ>SM>ZZ. The relative abundances of Candidatus_Solibacter and norank_fnorank_o_Elsterales in the ZZ planting area were significantly higher than those in QZ and SM, while norank_f_noranko_IMCC26256 showed the opposite change. The relative abundances of Bradyrhizobium, Bryobacter, Gemmatimonas, and norank_f_Micropepsaceae in the SM planting area were significantly higher than those in QZ and ZZ. The above results also indicate that different planting sites will drive changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0131] When Polygonatum cyrtonema is intercropped with soybean, the root secretions of soybean will drive the change in the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema, thereby increasing the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0132] In summary, by adopting suitable varieties of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybean, and rationally arranging the structure of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Polygonatum cyrtonema and soybean to achieve composite planting, the advantages of varieties and land resources can be fully utilized; Polygonatum cyrtonema adopts "Minchangjing No. 1", which has strong light resistance and high yield; Trichosanthes kirilowii adopts a "double-sided" alternating vine-leading three-dimensional cultivation mode to achieve reasonable natural shading for Polygonatum cyrtonema and reduce the cost of artificial shading; soybean intercropping can achieve weed control, reduce labor costs, improve soil microbial community, promote the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizomes and increase polysaccharide content.

[0133] It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described in this article, the patent protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent process changes made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields, are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields, characterized in that: The composite planting method comprises the following steps: planting trichosanthes kirilowii on both sides of the same ridge, interplanting polygonatum cyrtonema under the trichosanthes kirilowii, and interplanting soybean on the side of the polygonatum cyrtonema.

2. The composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Land preparation for mountain ridge fields: clear weeds in winter, loosen the soil, plough 30-45 cm deep, harrow the soil, and build ridges with a width of 1.2-1.3 meters and a height of 25-30 cm. Drainage ditches are opened around the ridges. Apply base fertilizer, 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu; (2) Frame building: 2.0-2.5 m high cement piles are set up in the prepared furrows, and support columns are inserted vertically every 2.5-3 m. The top of the cement piles is pulled into a mesh plane with steel wire to form a steel wire mesh as the climbing growth surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii; (3) Planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema: In November or December of the same year, take the rhizome seedlings of Polygonatum cyrtonema and start planting them at 0.2-0.3 meters in the bed. The distance between Polygonatum cyrtonema plants is 25-30 cm, and the row spacing is 25-30 cm. (4) Planting of Trichosanthes kirilowii: In November or December of the same year, early-maturing Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings with strong and disease-free branches were planted on both sides of the bed surface with a plant spacing of 1.1-1.2 meters and a row spacing of 3.5-4.0 meters; (5) Soybean planting: sow next to Polygonatum cyrtonema in March or April of the following year, i.e. one row of Polygonatum cyrtonema and one row of soybeans, 2-3 seeds per hole, with the spacing between plants being the same as that between Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, and the row spacing being 10-15 cm; (6) Management of Trichosanthes vines: The main vines of Trichosanthes are guided to the racks in an "L-shaped" manner. All side buds are removed before the main vines are placed on the racks. The main vines are guided to the racks in an alternating manner in a "flat" manner. The main vines are pinched when they grow to 3-3.5 meters after being placed on the racks. The secondary branches are pinched when they grow to 2-2.5 meters. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches are pinched when they grow to 1.3-1.5 meters. The vines are fully grown in April. (7) Soybean management: After harvesting soybeans, do not pull out the seedlings, and let them wither naturally; (8) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and insect pest management for Trichosanthes kirilowii, Glycine max and Polygonatum cymbopogon; (9) Harvesting: The fruits of Trichosanthes kirilowii mature and are harvested in batches in October. After three years of planting, the aboveground parts of Polygonatum cyrtonema can be dug up in October after the seedlings fall over; (10) Trichosanthes vine pruning: After the fruits are harvested in November, the main vine is left 1-1.2 meters above the frame, and the secondary vine is left with 2-3 nodes before all are cut off.

3. The composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The Trichosanthes kirilowii is an early-maturing variety that can climb in April, the Polygonatum cyrtonema is a variety that has strong light resistance, high yield, strong resistance and can be interplanted in the field, and the soybean is an early-maturing variety with a strong root system.

4. The composite planting method for improving the benefits of interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema in mountain fields according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The polyanthus cyrtonema is "Minchangjing No. 1".

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