Multi-bed air-cooled isothermal synthesis ammonia reactor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of synthetic ammonia reaction equipment, and particularly relates to a multi-bed air cooling type isothermal synthetic ammonia reactor which comprises a tank body, a gas collecting ball cavity and a flow dividing ball cavity are assembled in the tank body, and the gas collecting ball cavity is located at the upper end of the flow dividing ball cavity; an air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe are fixed to the ends, away from each other, of the air collecting ball cavity and the flow dividing ball cavity correspondingly, the lower end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the tank body, the tank body is fixedly connected with the air inlet pipe, and a first spiral heat exchange pipe and a second spiral heat exchange pipe are arranged between the air collecting ball cavity and the flow dividing ball cavity. The first spiral heat exchange pipe and the second spiral heat exchange pipe are arranged on the isothermal layer, so that low-temperature raw material gas exchanges heat with a catalyst when flowing through the first spiral heat exchange pipe and the second spiral heat exchange pipe, the influence of heat accumulation on the net value of ammonia is prevented, and the catalyst can be prevented from being inactivated; the raw material gas flow path and time are prolonged, and uniform consumption of the catalyst is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of synthetic ammonia reaction equipment, and in particular relates to a multi-bed air-cooled isothermal synthetic ammonia reactor. Background Art

[0002] Synthetic ammonia is an important chemical raw material, widely used in the production of fertilizers, plastics, explosives and many other chemical products. The traditional synthetic ammonia production process usually involves the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and high temperature conditions (pressure 15MPa ~ 30MPa, temperature 400℃ ~ 520℃) through a catalyst to produce ammonia. In order to increase the yield of ammonia, the industry often uses a synthetic ammonia reactor with multiple beds of catalysts, in which the raw gas (nitrogen, hydrogen) flows between each catalyst bed and reacts.

[0003] Although the existing synthetic ammonia reactor improves the synthesis efficiency of ammonia when it is working, the following problems still exist in actual use: 1. The raw gas enters from the bottom of the reactor and then passes upward through the catalyst bed. Therefore, the catalyst in the lower layer is exposed to a higher concentration of raw gas, and the reaction is more intense. The consumption rate of the catalyst in the lower layer is higher than that of the catalyst in the upper layer. The consumption rates of catalysts in different positions are different. When replacing the catalyst, some catalysts cannot be used to the maximum extent, resulting in a waste of resources and increased production costs. 2. When the catalyst is used to catalyze the raw gas, a certain amount of heat will be generated during the reaction. At the same time, the heat will also be transferred downward (because the raw gas needs to flow to the upper end through the gaps between the catalysts, the heat dissipation effect of absorbing heat by the raw gas is not good), making the working conditions of the lower catalyst more stringent. When the temperature of the catalyst in the lower layer exceeds the standard temperature range due to heat accumulation, the synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value of synthetic ammonia will be reduced, thereby reducing production efficiency. At the same time, it will also cause catalyst deactivation; Based on the above problems, this application document proposes a multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor to improve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, in which a first spiral heat exchange tube and a second spiral heat exchange tube are arranged in the isothermal layer, so that the low-temperature raw gas exchanges heat with the catalyst when flowing through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube, thereby preventing heat accumulation from affecting the ammonia synthesis efficiency and the ammonia net value, and also avoiding catalyst deactivation. At the same time, the auger, stirring rod and stirring arm are driven by a motor to rotate, driving the catalyst to flow in the vertical and horizontal directions, extending the flow path and duration of the raw gas, ensuring uniform consumption of the catalyst, and avoiding deactivation of the lower catalyst caused by heat accumulation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, comprising a tank body, wherein a collecting ball cavity and a diverter ball cavity are arranged inside the tank body, and the collecting ball cavity is located at the upper end of the diverter ball cavity, an air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe are respectively fixed to the ends of the collecting ball cavity and the diverter ball cavity away from each other, the lower end of the air inlet pipe passes through the tank body, and the tank body and the air inlet pipe are fixedly connected, a first spiral heat exchange tube and a second spiral heat exchange tube are arranged between the collecting ball cavity and the diverter ball cavity, the second spiral heat exchange tube is located outside the first spiral heat exchange tube, the collecting ball cavity and the diverter ball cavity are mutually connected through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the lower end of the tank body, the interior of the tank body is filled with catalyst and inert ceramic balls, and the catalyst is located at the upper end of the inert ceramic balls, the catalyst filled in the tank body forms an insulating layer, a moving layer and an isothermal layer in sequence from the upper end to the lower end according to the filling position, and the inert ceramic balls filled in the lower end of the tank body and located at the lower end of the isothermal layer form a packing layer, and also include: A stirring mechanism, wherein the stirring mechanism is mounted on the tank body; A cooling mechanism, wherein the cooling mechanism is mounted on the stirring mechanism; A plurality of flow blocking mechanisms, wherein the plurality of flow blocking mechanisms are all assembled on the stirring mechanism; Wherein, in the working state, the low-temperature raw gas flowing through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube and the catalyst located in the isothermal layer are heat exchanged through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the stirring mechanism includes a motor, a shaft, a first annular plate, an auger, a second annular plate, multiple stirring rods and multiple stirring arms, the motor is fixed to the upper end of the tank body, the shaft is fixed to the output end of the motor, and the shaft and the tank body, the shaft and the collecting ball cavity, and the shaft and the diversion ball cavity are all rotatably connected, the first annular plate, the auger and the second annular plate are sequentially arranged on the outside of the shaft from the upper end to the lower end, and the first annular plate and the tank body, as well as the second annular plate and the tank body are all rotatably connected, the multiple stirring rods are arrayed in a ring between the first annular plate and the second annular plate, and the first annular plate and the stirring rod, as well as the second annular plate and the stirring rod are all fixedly connected, the multiple stirring rods are connected one by one to the multiple cooling mechanisms, and the multiple stirring arms are evenly assembled on the outside of the multiple stirring rods.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, guide grooves are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the tank body, and a plurality of balls are installed between the first annular plate and the guide groove, and between the second annular plate and the guide groove. The first annular plate and the tank body, and the second annular plate and the tank body are connected in rotation through the cooperation of the guide grooves and the balls.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shapes of the first annular plate, the second annular plate and the guide slot in the vertical direction are all trapezoidal.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a U-shaped flow channel is opened inside the stirring rod, and the cooling mechanism includes a first rotating joint and a second rotating joint, the first rotating joint is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft rod and is located at the upper end of the motor, the second rotating joint is fixed to the outer side of the shaft rod and is located at the upper end inside the tank body, and the first rotating joint and the second rotating joint as well as the second rotating joint and the U-shaped flow channel are all connected to each other.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a fan-shaped mounting groove is provided inside the stirring rod, and the baffle mechanism includes a baffle plate and an elastic driving element, wherein the baffle plate is rotatably connected to the inside of the stirring rod, and the baffle plate and the U-shaped flow channel are adapted to each other, and the elastic driving element is assembled between the baffle plate and the stirring rod, and the elastic driving element is made of a memory alloy, wherein when the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is within the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element is in a high-temperature phase state, and the U-shaped flow channel is in a passage state, and when the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element changes from a high-temperature phase to a low-temperature phase, and the U-shaped flow channel changes from a passage state to a disconnection state.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a sealing ring is fixed to the outer side of the stirring rod, and the sealing ring is matched with the fan-shaped mounting groove.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the stirring rod, the baffle plate and the sealing ring all have high thermal conductivity characteristics.

[0013] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are: The present invention arranges a first spiral heat exchange tube and a second spiral heat exchange tube in a spiral shape in the isothermal layer. When the low-temperature raw gas flows through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube, the low-temperature raw gas and the catalyst in the isothermal layer are heat-exchanged through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube, thereby absorbing the heat of the catalyst in the isothermal layer, dissipating heat and cooling the catalyst in the isothermal layer, avoiding heat accumulation in the isothermal layer, causing the temperature of the isothermal layer to exceed the standard temperature range, resulting in a decrease in synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value, and at the same time, it can also avoid the deactivation of the catalyst in the isothermal layer due to temperature factors; The present invention drives the auger, the stirring rod and the stirring arm through a motor, drives the catalyst inside the tank body to flow in a vertical direction through the auger, drives the catalyst inside the tank body to flow in a horizontal direction through the stirring arm, and then drives the catalyst in the insulation layer, the heat transfer layer and the isothermal layer to circulate, thereby extending the flow path length and flow time of the raw gas, improving the ammonia synthesis efficiency and the net value of ammonia, and making the catalyst inside the tank body evenly consumed, avoiding the phenomenon that the consumption rate of the upper catalyst is greater than the consumption rate of the lower catalyst, and at the same time, avoiding the situation that heat accumulates in the lower layer and causes the lower catalyst to be deactivated; The present invention senses the temperature of the isothermal layer through an elastic driving element. When the temperature of the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element drives the baffle to rotate and changes the U-shaped flow channel to an open-circuit state, thereby reducing the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst and avoiding the phenomenon of reduced activity of the catalyst due to lower speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the catalyst bed inside the tank of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the tank body of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the structure inside the tank body of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the stirring mechanism and the cooling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 The present invention Figure 2 A local enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A; Figure 8 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the stirring rod of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure explosion of the flow blocking mechanism of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the high temperature phase of the elastic drive element of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the low-temperature phase of the elastic driving element of the present invention.

[0015] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows: 10. Tank body; 11. Collecting ball cavity; 12. Diverting ball cavity; 13. Exhaust pipe; 14. Inlet pipe; 15. First spiral heat exchange tube; 16. Second spiral heat exchange tube; 17. Exhaust pipe; 18. Discharge pipe; 19. Inspection port; 20. Stirring mechanism; 21. Motor; 22. Shaft; 23. First annular plate; 24. Auger; 25. Second annular plate; 26. Stirring rod; 27. Stirring arm; 28. Guide chute; 29. ​​U-shaped flow channel; 30. Cooling mechanism; 31. First rotary joint; 32. Second rotary joint; 40. Flow blocking mechanism; 41. spoiler; 42. elastic drive element; 43. sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0018] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in a preferred embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0020] Please refer to the attached Figures 1 to 5As shown, it is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, including a tank body 10, wherein a collecting ball cavity 11 and a diverter ball cavity 12 are arranged inside the tank body 10, and the collecting ball cavity 11 is located at the upper end of the diverter ball cavity 12, and an outlet pipe 13 and an inlet pipe 14 are fixed to the ends of the collecting ball cavity 11 and the diverter ball cavity 12 away from each other, respectively, and the lower end of the inlet pipe 14 passes through the tank body 10, and the tank body 10 and the inlet pipe 14 are fixedly connected, and a first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and a second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are arranged between the collecting ball cavity 11 and the diverter ball cavity 12, and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 is located outside the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, and the collecting ball cavity 11 and the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, the diverter ball cavity 12 and the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, the collecting ball cavity 11 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, and the diverter ball cavity 12 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are all fixedly connected, and the collecting ball cavity 11 and the diverter ball cavity The cavity 12 is interconnected through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16. The lower end of the tank body 10 is provided with an exhaust pipe 17 and a discharge pipe 18. The upper end of the tank body 10 is provided with an inspection port 19. The interior of the tank body 10 is filled with catalysts and inert ceramic balls, and the catalyst is located at the upper end of the inert ceramic balls. The catalyst filled in the tank body 10 forms an insulating layer, a moving layer and an isothermal layer in sequence from the upper end to the lower end according to the filling position. The inert ceramic balls filled in the lower end of the tank body 10 and located at the lower end of the isothermal layer form a packing layer. The range of the insulating layer is from the uppermost end of the catalyst to the horizontal plane where the center point of the collecting ball cavity 11 is located, the range of the heat transfer layer is from the horizontal plane where the center point of the collecting ball cavity 11 is located to the bottom of the collecting ball cavity 11, the range of the isothermal layer is from the bottom of the collecting ball cavity 11 to the horizontal plane where the center point of the diverter ball cavity 12 is located, and the range of the packing layer is from the horizontal plane where the center point of the diverter ball cavity 12 is located to the bottom of the tank body 10, and also includes: A stirring mechanism 20, the stirring mechanism 20 is assembled on the tank body 10, and the stirring mechanism 20 can drive the catalyst to flow inside the tank body 10; A cooling mechanism 30, wherein the cooling mechanism 30 is mounted on the stirring mechanism 20; A plurality of flow blocking mechanisms 40, wherein the plurality of flow blocking mechanisms 40 are all assembled on the stirring mechanism 20; In the working state, the low-temperature raw gas flowing through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 and the catalyst located in the isothermal layer are heat exchanged through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 .

[0021] Here, the air inlet pipe 14, the diverter ball cavity 12, the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, the collecting ball cavity 11 and the air outlet pipe 13 form a heat exchange passage. The material of the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 is a hard metal material with high thermal conductivity. After the catalyst is filled inside the tank body 10, the cooperation of the catalyst, the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 can support and limit the collecting ball cavity 11.

[0022] Furthermore, a heating and pressurizing module is used in conjunction with the device, and the heating and pressurizing module can heat and pressurize the interior of the tank body 10.

[0023] In this embodiment, low-temperature raw gas is input into the tank body 10 through the air inlet pipe 14. The raw gas contacts the catalyst after passing through the heat exchange passage. Ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment by the catalysis of the catalyst. The synthesized ammonia passes through the packing layer and flows out of the tank body 10 through the exhaust pipe 17. The heat generated during the synthesis reaction accumulates in the isothermal layer, causing the temperature of the isothermal layer to rise. At the same time, the low-temperature raw gas absorbs the heat of the isothermal layer when flowing through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, and cools the catalyst in the isothermal layer to prevent the catalyst environment temperature in the isothermal layer from exceeding the standard temperature range. In addition, since the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are both spiral-shaped, this scheme can increase the contact area between the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the catalyst and between the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 and the catalyst, further improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst in the isothermal layer, and thus ensure that the synthesis efficiency and the net value of ammonia will not be reduced due to temperature factors. At the same time, the catalyst located in the isothermal layer will not be deactivated due to temperature factors, thereby increasing the service life of the catalyst located in the isothermal layer.

[0024] Next, please refer to Figure 6The stirring mechanism 20 includes a motor 21, a shaft 22, a first annular plate 23, an auger 24, a second annular plate 25, a plurality of stirring rods 26 and a plurality of stirring arms 27. The motor 21 is fixed to the upper end of the tank body 10, the shaft 22 is fixed to the output end of the motor 21, and the shaft 22 and the tank body 10, the shaft 22 and the collecting ball cavity 11, and the shaft 22 and the diverting ball cavity 12 are all rotatably connected through sealed bearings. The first annular plate 23, the auger 24 and the second annular plate 25 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the shaft 22 from the upper end to the lower end, and the shaft The rod 22 and the first annular plate 23, the shaft rod 22 and the auger 24 are all fixedly connected, the first annular plate 23 and the tank body 10, as well as the second annular plate 25 and the tank body 10 are all rotatably connected, a plurality of stirring rods 26 are arranged in a circular array between the first annular plate 23 and the second annular plate 25, and the first annular plate 23 and the stirring rods 26, as well as the second annular plate 25 and the stirring rods 26 are all fixedly connected, and the plurality of stirring rods 26 and the plurality of cooling mechanisms 30 are connected one by one, and a plurality of stirring arms 27 are evenly assembled on the outside of the plurality of stirring rods 26.

[0025] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, after the auger 24 rotates, the auger 24 can drive the catalyst located in the lower layer to flow upward.

[0026] In this embodiment, the motor 21 is started, and the motor 21 drives the shaft 22 to rotate through the fixed connection between the motor 21 and the shaft 22. Since the shaft 22 and the first annular plate 23, the shaft 22 and the auger 24, the first annular plate 23 and the stirring rod 26, and the second annular plate 25 and the stirring rod 26 are all fixedly connected, the shaft 22 drives the first annular plate 23, the auger 24, the second annular plate 25, and the stirring rod 26 to rotate synchronously. After the auger 24 rotates, it can drive the catalyst inside the tank body 10 to flow in the vertical direction, so that the catalyst located in the insulation layer, the heat transfer layer and the isothermal layer can be moved in the tank body. 10, and at the same time, through the fixed connection between the stirring rod 26 and the stirring arm 27, the stirring rod 26 drives the stirring arm 27 to rotate, and the catalyst is stirred in the horizontal direction by the stirring arm 27. The auger 24 and the stirring arm 27 drive the catalyst to flow, which can extend the flow path and flow time of the raw gas inside the catalyst, improve the ammonia synthesis efficiency and the ammonia net value, and can also make the catalyst inside the tank body 10 evenly consumed, avoiding the phenomenon that the consumption rate of the upper catalyst is greater than the consumption rate of the lower catalyst. At the same time, it can also avoid the situation where heat accumulates in the lower layer and causes the deactivation of the lower catalyst.

[0027] Secondly, please also refer to Figure 7A guide groove 28 is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the tank body 10, and a plurality of balls are installed between the first annular plate 23 and the guide groove 28 as well as between the second annular plate 25 and the guide groove 28. The first annular plate 23 and the tank body 10 as well as the second annular plate 25 and the tank body 10 are rotationally connected through the cooperation of the guide groove 28 and the balls.

[0028] In this embodiment, the cooperation between the ball bearings and the guide grooves 28 can ensure the stable rotation of the first annular plate 23 and the second annular plate 25, so that the device can operate stably.

[0029] Next, please refer to Figure 7 The upper ends of the first annular plate 23, the second annular plate 25 and the guide chute 28 are all provided with inclined dropping surfaces. The catalyst located on the dropping surfaces can fall to the lower end inside the tank body 10 under the action of gravity. The cross-sectional shapes of the first annular plate 23, the second annular plate 25 and the guide chute 28 in the vertical direction are all trapezoidal.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the catalyst inside the tank body 10 is replaced, the above arrangement can prevent the catalyst from remaining on the first annular plate 23 , the second annular plate 25 and the upper ends of the guide chute 28 .

[0031] Please refer again Figure 7 A U-shaped flow channel 29 is opened inside the stirring rod 26, and the cooling mechanism 30 includes a first rotary joint 31 and a second rotary joint 32. The first rotary joint 31 is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft 22 and is located at the upper end of the motor 21. The second rotary joint 32 is fixed to the outer side of the shaft 22 and is located at the upper end inside the tank body 10. The first rotary joint 31 and the second rotary joint 32 as well as the second rotary joint 32 and the U-shaped flow channel 29 are all connected to each other.

[0032] Here, a water pump module and a control module are used in conjunction with the device. The control module can control the water pump module to be turned on and off, and the water pump module can transport cooling medium into the U-shaped flow channel 29.

[0033] Furthermore, the first rotary joint 31 and the second rotary joint 32 are both existing mature technologies, and multiple independent passages are arranged inside them. The first rotary joint 31 includes a first stator and a first rotor. The first stator is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft 22, and the first rotor is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first stator. The second rotary joint 32 includes a second stator and a second rotor. The second stator is fixed to the outer side of the shaft 22 and the upper end of the remaining first annular plate 23, and the second rotor is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second stator. The output end of the water pump module and the first rotor, the input end of the water pump module and the first rotor, the first stator and the second stator, the second rotor and the U-shaped flow channel 29 are all connected through a cooling pipeline, and the water pump module, the first rotary joint 31, the second rotary joint 32 and the U-shaped flow channel 29 form a circulation passage through the cooling pipeline, and the cooling medium can circulate inside the circulation passage.

[0034] In this embodiment, when the starting motor 21 drives the shaft 22 to stir the catalyst, the water pump module is started, and the cooling medium is transported to the inside of the first rotary joint 31 through the water pump module. When the cooling medium flows through the inside of the U-shaped flow channel 29, it can absorb the heat of the stirring rod 26, and the catalyst is further dissipated and cooled through the stirring rod 26, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst.

[0035] Please refer again Figures 8 to 11 A fan-shaped mounting groove is provided inside the stirring rod 26, and the baffle mechanism 40 includes a baffle plate 41 and an elastic driving element 42. The baffle plate 41 is rotatably connected to the inside of the stirring rod 26, and the baffle plate 41 and the U-shaped flow channel 29 are adapted. The elastic driving element 42 is assembled between the baffle plate 41 and the stirring rod 26, and the material of the elastic driving element 42 is a memory alloy. When the temperature of the catalyst located in the isothermal layer is within the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element 42 is in a high-temperature phase state, and the U-shaped flow channel 29 is in a passage state. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 changes from a high-temperature phase to a low-temperature phase, and the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from a passage state to a disconnection state.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the standard temperature range is 400°C to 520°C, the angle of the fan-shaped mounting groove is 180°, and the transformation temperature of the elastic driving element 42 is 400°C. Of course, the angle of the fan-shaped mounting groove and the transformation temperature of the elastic driving element 42 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and do not constitute specific limitations here. At the same time, memory alloy is an existing mature technology, and its specific principles will not be further elaborated here.

[0037] In this embodiment, after the water pump module is started to transport the cooling medium into the U-shaped flow channel 29, the cooling medium absorbs the heat of the stirring rod 26 to dissipate heat and cool down the catalyst in the isothermal layer. When the temperature of the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 is changed from the high temperature phase to the low temperature phase, so that the elastic driving element 42 stretches, and the elastic driving element 42 pushes the baffle 41 to rotate. When the baffle 41 and the U-shaped flow channel 29 are completely overlapped, the baffle 41 forms an obstacle to the U-shaped flow channel 29, so that the U-shaped flow channel 29 is changed from a passage state to an open circuit state, thereby preventing the circulation of the cooling medium, preventing the cooling medium from further reducing the temperature of the isothermal layer catalyst, and thereby avoiding the phenomenon of reduced activity of the catalyst due to low speed. When the temperature of the isothermal layer catalyst returns to the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 is changed from the low temperature phase to the high temperature phase again, and the elastic driving element 42 drives the baffle 41 to reset, so that the U-shaped flow channel 29 is changed from an open circuit state to a passage state, thereby facilitating the circulation of the cooling medium and dissipating heat and cooling down the catalyst in the isothermal layer.

[0038] It should be noted that the control module used in conjunction with the water pump module can monitor the pressure inside the circulation passage. When the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from a passage state to an open circuit state, the local pressure of the circulation passage increases. After the control end detects the increase in pressure inside the circulation passage, the water pump module is turned off to stop transporting cooling medium to the U-shaped flow channel 29. When the U-shaped flow channel 29 is restored to a passage state from an open circuit state, the pressure inside the circulation passage is restored, and the water pump module can be started again to transport cooling medium to the U-shaped flow channel 29.

[0039] Please refer again Figures 8 to 11 A sealing collar 43 is fixed to the outer side of the stirring rod 26, and the sealing collar 43 is matched with the fan-shaped mounting groove.

[0040] In this embodiment, the provision of the sealing ring 43 can prevent the fan-shaped mounting groove from being exposed. At the same time, the cooling medium flowing through the fan-shaped mounting groove can be prevented from flowing out of the fan-shaped mounting groove, resulting in cooling medium leakage.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the stirring rod 26 , the baffle plate 41 and the sealing ring 43 all have high thermal conductivity characteristics.

[0042] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned arrangement enables the heat of the isothermal layer to be quickly transferred to the elastic driving element 42, so that the elastic driving element 42 switches the state of the circulation passage according to the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer.

[0043] The working principle of the present invention is: Low-temperature raw gas is input into the tank body 10 through the air inlet pipe 14. The raw gas contacts the catalyst after passing through the heat exchange passage. Ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment by the catalyst. The synthesized ammonia passes through the packing layer and flows out of the tank body 10 through the exhaust pipe 17. The heat generated during the synthesis reaction accumulates in the isothermal layer, causing the temperature of the isothermal layer to rise. At the same time, the low-temperature raw gas absorbs the heat of the isothermal layer when flowing through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16. The catalyst in the isothermal layer is cooled to prevent the ambient temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer from exceeding the standard temperature range. At the same time, the motor 21 is started, so that the motor 21 drives the shaft 22, the first annular plate 23, the auger 24, the second annular plate 25, and the stirring rod 26 to rotate synchronously. After the auger 24 rotates, the catalyst inside the tank body 10 can be driven to flow in the vertical direction, so that the catalyst located in the insulation layer, the heat transfer layer and the isothermal layer can circulate inside the tank body 10. At the same time, the stirring rod 26 is fixedly connected to the stirring arm 27, so that the stirring rod 26 and the stirring arm 27 are fixedly connected to each other. The moving rod 26 drives the stirring arm 27 to rotate, and the catalyst is stirred in the horizontal direction by the stirring arm 27. The catalyst is driven to flow by the auger 24 and the stirring arm 27, which can extend the flow path and contact time of the raw gas inside the catalyst, improve the ammonia synthesis efficiency and the net value of ammonia, and evenly consume the catalyst inside the tank body 10, avoiding the phenomenon that the consumption rate of the upper catalyst is greater than the consumption rate of the lower catalyst. When the temperature of the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 is changed from a high-temperature phase to a low-temperature phase, and the elastic driving element 42 drives the baffle plate 41 to rotate, and the baffle plate 41 causes the U-shaped flow channel 29 to change from a passage state to a disconnected state, thereby preventing the circulation of the cooling medium and preventing the cooling medium from further reducing the temperature of the isothermal layer catalyst. When the temperature of the isothermal layer catalyst returns to the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 is changed from a low-temperature phase to a high-temperature phase again, so that the U-shaped flow channel 29 is changed from a disconnected state to a passage state, thereby facilitating the circulation of the cooling medium and dissipating heat and cooling the catalyst in the isothermal layer.

[0044] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tank body (10), wherein a collecting ball cavity (11) and a diverter ball cavity (12) are assembled inside the tank body (10), and the collecting ball cavity (11) is located at the upper end of the diverter ball cavity (12), and an air outlet pipe (13) and an air inlet pipe (14) are respectively fixed to the ends of the collecting ball cavity (11) and the diverter ball cavity (12) which are away from each other, and the lower end of the air inlet pipe (14) passes through the tank body (10), and the tank body (10) and the air inlet pipe (14) are fixedly connected, and a first spiral heat exchange tube (15) and a second spiral heat exchange tube (16) are arranged between the collecting ball cavity (11) and the diverter ball cavity (12), and the second spiral heat exchange tube (16) is located outside the first spiral heat exchange tube (15), the collecting ball cavity (11) and the diverting ball cavity (12) are interconnected through the first spiral heat exchange tube (15) and the second spiral heat exchange tube (16), an exhaust pipe (17) is arranged at the lower end of the tank body (10), the interior of the tank body (10) is filled with catalyst and inert ceramic balls, and the catalyst is located at the upper end of the inert ceramic balls, the catalyst filled in the interior of the tank body (10) forms an insulating layer, a moving layer and an isothermal layer in sequence from the upper end to the lower end according to the filling position, the inert ceramic balls filled in the lower end of the interior of the tank body (10) and located at the lower end of the isothermal layer form a packing layer, and also include: A stirring mechanism (20), wherein the stirring mechanism (20) is mounted on the tank body (10); a cooling mechanism (30), wherein the cooling mechanism (30) is mounted on the stirring mechanism (20); A plurality of flow blocking mechanisms (40), wherein the plurality of flow blocking mechanisms (40) are all assembled on the stirring mechanism (20); In the working state, the low-temperature raw gas flowing through the first spiral heat exchange tube (15) and the second spiral heat exchange tube (16) and the catalyst located in the isothermal layer are heat exchanged through the first spiral heat exchange tube (15) and the second spiral heat exchange tube (16).

2. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism (20) comprises a motor (21), a shaft (22), a first annular plate (23), an auger (24), a second annular plate (25), a plurality of stirring rods (26) and a plurality of stirring arms (27), wherein the motor (21) is fixed to the upper end of the tank body (10), the shaft (22) is fixed to the output end of the motor (21), and the shaft (22) and the tank body (10), the shaft (22) and the collecting ball cavity (11), and the shaft (22) and the diverting ball cavity (12) are all rotatably connected, and the first annular plate (23), the auger (24) and the second annular plate (25) are connected from the upper end to the The lower ends are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the shaft rod (22), and the first annular plate (23) and the tank body (10) as well as the second annular plate (25) and the tank body (10) are rotatably connected. A plurality of stirring rods (26) are arranged in an annular array between the first annular plate (23) and the second annular plate (25), and the first annular plate (23) and the stirring rods (26) as well as the second annular plate (25) and the stirring rods (26) are fixedly connected. The plurality of stirring rods (26) and the plurality of cooling mechanisms (30) are connected one by one, and the plurality of stirring arms (27) are evenly assembled on the outer sides of the plurality of stirring rods (26).

3. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide groove (28) is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the tank body (10), and a plurality of balls are mounted between the first annular plate (23) and the guide groove (28) as well as between the second annular plate (25) and the guide groove (28). The first annular plate (23) and the tank body (10) as well as the second annular plate (25) and the tank body (10) are rotationally connected through the cooperation of the guide groove (28) and the balls.

4. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shapes of the first annular plate (23), the second annular plate (25) and the guide slide groove (28) in the vertical direction are all trapezoidal.

5. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A U-shaped flow channel (29) is provided inside the stirring rod (26). The cooling mechanism (30) comprises a first rotating joint (31) and a second rotating joint (32). The first rotating joint (31) is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft (22) and is located at the upper end of the motor (21). The second rotating joint (32) is fixed to the outer side of the shaft (22) and is located at the upper end of the tank body (10). The first rotating joint (31) and the second rotating joint (32) as well as the second rotating joint (32) and the U-shaped flow channel (29) are all connected to each other.

6. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring rod (26) is provided with a fan-shaped mounting groove inside. The flow blocking mechanism (40) comprises a flow blocking plate (41) and an elastic driving element (42). The flow blocking plate (41) is rotatably connected to the inside of the stirring rod (26), and the flow blocking plate (41) and the U-shaped flow channel (29) are matched. The elastic driving element (42) is assembled between the flow blocking plate (41) and the stirring rod (26), and the material of the elastic driving element (42) is a memory alloy. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is within the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element (42) is in a high-temperature phase state, and the U-shaped flow channel (29) is in a passage state. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element (42) changes from a high-temperature phase to a low-temperature phase, and the U-shaped flow channel (29) changes from a passage state to a disconnection state.

7. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A sealing collar (43) is fixed to the outer side of the stirring rod (26), and the sealing collar (43) is adapted to the fan-shaped mounting groove.

8. The multi-bed air-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The materials of the stirring rod (26), the baffle plate (41) and the sealing collar (43) all have high thermal conductivity characteristics.

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