Intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions and using method of intelligent pre-screening system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions. The intelligent pre-screening system comprises a bag breaking device, a large stone removing mechanism, a magnetic separation device, a particle size separation mechanism, a winnowing mechanism and near infrared spectrum plastic separation equipment which are connected in sequence. According to the system in the scheme, more efficient classification can be conducted on the municipal solid waste, and the plastic recycling quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban domestic waste sorting, and in particular to an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Municipal solid waste includes various solid wastes generated in the daily life and commercial activities of urban residents, as well as some other solid wastes classified as municipal solid waste. In recent years, with the promotion of waste classification and technological advancement, people have gradually realized that there are rich recyclable resources in municipal solid waste, such as plastics, paper, metals, etc., which have high economic value.

[0003] However, in the actual processing process, especially when using drum screens for preliminary physical screening, some difficulties are often encountered. The drum screen uses different sizes of screen holes to classify the garbage according to particle size, but when the garbage contains large or hard objects (such as stones, bricks, etc.), these objects can easily get stuck between the screen holes, resulting in obstruction of the screening process and even physical damage to the drum screen, further affecting the operating efficiency of the entire processing line.

[0004] The subsequent air separation step also faces challenges. Air separation is a method of separation based on differences in material density, but if the composition of the garbage entering the air separator changes and the wind speed is not adjusted accordingly, it may lead to incomplete or incorrect separation of light and heavy materials. Fixed wind speed settings cannot adapt to changes in the composition of diverse garbage, so the air separation efficiency will be affected.

[0005] Even after air separation, there may still be a variety of mixtures in the garbage. Especially for recycled plastics, different types of plastics (such as PET, PE, PVC, etc.) have different melting points and chemical properties. If they are directly reprocessed without distinction, it will greatly increase the difficulty of processing and also affect the quality of the final product.

[0006] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of front-end screening and classification and reduce the complexity of subsequent processing has become one of the key issues that need to be urgently solved in the current field of urban domestic waste treatment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions and a method of using the same, so as to solve the problem that the existing garbage screening devices have insufficient accuracy during the screening and classification process.

[0008] The scheme is an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions, including a bag breaking device, a large stone removal mechanism, a magnetic separation device, a particle size separation mechanism, a wind selection mechanism and a near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting device connected in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the large stone removal mechanism includes a machine eye, which is used to detect large stones, and the machine eye is electrically connected to a spiral control arm. The machine eye detects the large stones and then picks up the large stones through the spiral control arm.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size separation mechanism includes a drum screen, and the drum screen is connected to a shredder.

[0011] Furthermore, the outlet of the shredder is also connected to a gravity sensor. The sieve material is transformed into garbage particles with uniform particle size by the shredder, and the air supply volume of the air selection mechanism can be adjusted according to the weight of the transported garbage particles.

[0012] Furthermore, the wind selection mechanism includes a wind selection device, which divides the garbage into three categories: light components, medium components and heavy components. The light components are connected to a spray device and a secondary wind separator, and the plastics selected by the secondary wind separator are connected to a near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting device. The near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting device is used to sort the plastics into multiple categories.

[0013] A method for using an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Bag breaking: First use the bag breaking device to disperse the garbage;

[0015] S2. Removal of large stones: The large stones are identified by the machine eye and fed back to the spiral mechanical arm through electrical signals. The large stones are picked out by the spiral mechanical arm and then landfilled;

[0016] S3, Ferromagnetic metal recovery: After the garbage passes through the magnetic separation device, the ferrous metal has the physical property of magnetization, and the magnetic separation device absorbs it, removes the ferrous metal from the magnetic separation device, and recovers the ferrous metal, while other garbage proceeds to the next step;

[0017] S4. Particle size separation: Since there are certain differences in the particle size of garbage, when passing through the drum screen, the garbage with a smaller particle size than the sieve hole passes through the sieve hole and falls into the collection tank below the drum screen. The garbage in the collection tank is divided into organic matter and inorganic matter. The organic matter is composted and fermented, and the inorganic matter is directly landfilled; while the particles with larger particle size remain above the sieve drum. The garbage above the sieve drum continues to be transported forward and becomes garbage particles with more uniform particle size through the shredder. The conveyor belt with gravity sensor adjusts the air supply volume of the air separation device according to the weight of the transported garbage particles;

[0018] S5. Primary air separation: The garbage passing through the gravity sensor is blown to different locations according to its own gravity under the stress of the wind from the air separation device. After air separation, the garbage is divided into light components, medium components and heavy components. The heavy components are closer to the air separation device, followed by the medium components, and the light components are the farthest away.

[0019] S6. Spraying weight gain: After the light components obtained by air selection are humidified by the spraying equipment, the paper contained in them absorbs water and gains weight, while the weight of plastics hardly increases;

[0020] S7, secondary air separation: the light components after humidification are subjected to secondary air separation in the secondary air separation equipment. The heavy components obtained by air separation are the humidified paper, while the light components are plastics mixed with various plastics;

[0021] S8. Plastic sorting: After the secondary air sorting, the mixture of various plastics is air-sorted. After being identified and classified by the near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting equipment, plastics of the same type are enriched together, thereby improving the overall recycling quality of plastics.

[0022] The working principle and beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: the present invention uses an installed machine eye to identify large pieces of stone so as to remove them with a spiral mechanical arm; utilizes an installed magnetic separation device to recover ferrous metals; uses a drum screen to screen out small-sized garbage; controls the wind speed of the air separation device through a gravity-sensing conveyor belt to maintain the best garbage sorting state; the light components obtained by the first air separation are subjected to a second air separation after spraying to remove paper garbage; the plastics obtained by the second air separation are identified by a near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting device to collect similar plastics in the mixed plastics to improve the quality of plastic recycling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions and a method for using the system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0025] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown: an intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions and a method of using the same, including a bag breaking device, a large stone removal mechanism, a magnetic separation device, a particle size separation mechanism, a wind selection mechanism and a near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting device;

[0026] S1. Bag breaking: First use the bag breaking device to disperse the garbage;

[0027] S2. Removal of large stones: The large stone removal mechanism includes a machine eye, which is electrically connected to a spiral control arm. After the garbage passes through the bag breaking device, it passes through the machine eye along the conveyor belt, and the large stones are identified by the machine eye. The large stones are fed back to the spiral mechanical arm through an electrical signal, and the large stones are picked up by the spiral mechanical arm. After being picked up, the large stones are landfilled;

[0028] S3, ferromagnetic metal recovery: The garbage is moved to the magnetic separation device with the conveyor belt for magnetic separation. After the garbage passes through the magnetic separation device, the ferrous metal has the physical property of magnetization, and the magnetic separation device adsorbs it. The magnetic separation device removes the ferromagnetic metal and recovers the ferrous metal. The other garbage proceeds to the next step;

[0029] S4, particle size separation: the particle size separation mechanism includes a drum screen. Other garbage after magnetic separation passes through the drum screen with the conveyor belt. Since there are certain differences in the particle size of the garbage, in the process of passing through the drum screen, the garbage with a particle size smaller than the sieve hole passes through the sieve hole and falls into the collection tank below the drum screen. The garbage in the collection tank is divided into organic matter (kitchen waste) and inorganic matter (ash and soil). The organic matter is composted and fermented, and the inorganic matter is directly landfilled; while the particles with larger particle sizes remain above the sieve drum, and the garbage above the sieve drum continues to be transported forward. The drum screen is connected to a shredder, and the shredder is used to convert the garbage into garbage particles with relatively uniform particle sizes. The outlet of the shredder is also provided with a gravity sensor. The conveyor belt with the gravity sensor adjusts the air supply volume of the subsequent air separation device according to the weight of the garbage particles transported;

[0030] S5. Primary air separation: The air separation mechanism includes an air separation device. The garbage passing through the gravity sensor is blown to different locations according to its own gravity under the stress of the wind given by the air separation device. After air separation, the garbage is divided into light components (plastics, paper and textiles), medium components (glass, ceramics and bricks and tiles, etc.) and heavy components (copper products, aluminum products and ferrous metals that have not been removed before). The heavy components are closer to the air separation device, followed by the medium components, and the light components are the farthest away. The light components proceed to the next step, the medium components are landfilled, and the heavy components are recycled;

[0031] S6. Spraying weight increase: A spraying device is connected to the light component. After the light component obtained by air selection is humidified by the spraying equipment, the paper contained in it absorbs water and increases in weight, while the weight of the plastic hardly increases;

[0032] S7. Secondary air separation: A secondary air separation machine is provided after the spraying device. The light components after humidification are subjected to secondary air separation in the secondary air separation equipment. The heavy components obtained by air separation are humidified paper, while the light components are plastics mixed with various plastics.

[0033] S8. Plastic sorting: The plastics selected by the secondary air sorting machine are connected to the near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting equipment. The mixture of various plastics selected by the secondary air sorting is identified and classified by the near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting equipment. Plastics of the same type are enriched together, thereby improving the overall recycling quality of plastics.

[0034] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions, characterized by: The invention comprises a bag breaking device, a large stone removing mechanism, a magnetic separation device, a particle size separation mechanism, a wind selection mechanism and a near infrared spectrum plastic separation device which are connected in sequence.

2. The intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large stone removal mechanism comprises a machine eye, which is used to detect large stones and is electrically connected to a spiral control arm.

3. The intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size separation mechanism comprises a drum screen, and the drum screen is connected to a shredder.

4. The intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outlet of the shredder is provided with a gravity sensor which is also connected thereto.

5. The intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air separation mechanism includes an air separation device, which separates garbage into three categories: light components, medium components and heavy components. The light components are connected to a spray device and a secondary air separation machine, and the plastics selected by the secondary air separation machine are connected to a near-infrared spectroscopy plastic separation device.

6. The method for using the intelligent pre-screening system with multiple processing functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Bag breaking: First use the bag breaking device to disperse the garbage; S2. Removal of large stones: The large stones are identified by the machine eye and fed back to the spiral mechanical arm through electrical signals. The large stones are picked out by the spiral mechanical arm and then landfilled; S3, Ferromagnetic metal recovery: After the garbage passes through the magnetic separation device, the ferrous metal has the physical property of magnetization, and the magnetic separation device absorbs it, removes the ferrous metal from the magnetic separation device, and recovers the ferrous metal, while other garbage proceeds to the next step; S4. Particle size separation: Since there are certain differences in the particle size of garbage, when passing through the drum screen, the garbage with a smaller particle size than the sieve hole passes through the sieve hole and falls into the collection tank below the drum screen. The garbage in the collection tank is divided into organic matter and inorganic matter. The organic matter is composted and fermented, and the inorganic matter is directly landfilled; while the particles with larger particle size remain above the sieve drum. The garbage above the sieve drum continues to be transported forward and becomes garbage particles with more uniform particle size through the shredder. The conveyor belt with gravity sensor adjusts the air supply volume of the air separation device according to the weight of the transported garbage particles; S5. Primary air separation: The garbage passing through the gravity sensor is blown to different locations according to its own gravity under the stress of the wind from the air separation device. After air separation, the garbage is divided into light components, medium components and heavy components. The heavy components are closer to the air separation device, followed by the medium components, and the light components are the farthest away. S6. Spraying weight gain: After the light components obtained by air selection are humidified by the spraying equipment, the paper contained in them absorbs water and gains weight, while the weight of plastics hardly increases; S7, secondary air separation: the light components after humidification are subjected to secondary air separation in the secondary air separation equipment. The heavy components obtained by air separation are the humidified paper, while the light components are plastics mixed with various plastics; S8. Plastic sorting: After the secondary air sorting, the mixture of various plastics is air-sorted. After being identified and classified by the near-infrared spectroscopy plastic sorting equipment, plastics of the same type are enriched together, thereby improving the overall recycling quality of plastics.

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