Machining tool with asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure

Abstract

The invention provides a machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, belongs to the technical field of metal cutting machining, and relates to the machining tool with the asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure. The problem that an existing machining tool is poor in applicability is solved. The machining tool with the asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure comprises an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of side faces formed between the upper surface and the lower surface, a cutting part is formed between every two adjacent side faces, and a first wedge-shaped strip and a second wedge-shaped strip which are used for chip breaking of the tool are arranged at the matched position of the upper surface and each cutting part. A chip breaker groove recessed towards one side of the lower surface is formed among the first wedge-shaped strip, the second wedge-shaped strip and the cutting part, and the linear distance from the outermost side of the first wedge-shaped strip to the edge of the upper surface is smaller than the linear distance from the outermost side of the second wedge-shaped strip to the edge of the upper surface. The method has the advantage of being wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal cutting and processing, and relates to a processing tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure. Background Art

[0002] Stainless steel, whose full name is stainless acid-resistant steel, refers to a series of steel grades that have high chemical stability in air, water, salt aqueous solutions, acids and other corrosive media. Most stainless steels have a low carbon content, with the maximum not exceeding 1.2%. Therefore, stainless steel has the characteristics of low strength and strong viscosity.

[0003] When processing stainless steel materials, due to the low strength and strong viscosity of the material, the chips are difficult to curl, break and discharge in time during the contact between the chips and the cutting part of the blade. The chip breaking structure of the existing tools on the market adopts a symmetrical wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, which has poor discharge effect when dealing with the generation of waste chips under various processing conditions, and cannot have good chip guiding and chip removal effects in forward cutting with small cutting amount, forward cutting with large cutting amount and reverse cutting at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure in order to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure comprises an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of side surfaces formed between the upper surface and the lower surface, a cutting portion is formed between two adjacent side surfaces, a first wedge bar and a second wedge bar for tool chip breaking are arranged at the position where the upper surface cooperates with each cutting portion, a chip breaking groove recessed toward one side of the lower surface is formed between the first wedge bar, the second wedge bar and the cutting portion, and the first wedge bar and the second wedge bar are asymmetrically arranged on both sides of an angle bisector L of the cutting portion.

[0006] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, the overall shape of the first wedge strip is consistent with the overall shape of the second wedge strip, or the overall shape of the first wedge strip is different from the overall shape of the second wedge strip.

[0007] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, the overall size of the first wedge strip is the same as the overall size of the second wedge strip, or the overall size of the first wedge strip and the overall size of the second wedge strip are different in shape.

[0008] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, an angle α1 is formed between the first wedge strip and the angle bisector L of the cutting portion, and an angle α2 is formed between the second wedge strip and the angle bisector L of the cutting portion, and the deflection angle of the angle α1 relative to the angle bisector L is greater than or equal to or less than the deflection angle of the angle α2 relative to the angle bisector L.

[0009] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, the straight-line distance from the outermost side of the first wedge strip to the edge of the upper surface is D1, and the straight-line distance from the outermost side of the second wedge strip to the edge of the upper surface is D2. The value of D1 may be greater than, equal to, or less than the value of D2.

[0010] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, the upper part of the first wedge-shaped strip has an inclined first chip surface, the inclination direction of the first chip surface is from the center side of the machining tool to the cutting part side and downward, and the side surface and the upper surface of the first wedge-shaped strip are transitioned by a circular arc.

[0011] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, the upper part of the second wedge-shaped strip has an inclined second chip surface, the inclination direction of the second chip surface is from the center side of the machining tool to the cutting part side and downward, and the side surface and the upper surface of the second wedge-shaped strip are transitioned by a circular arc.

[0012] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, taking the highest point of the cutting part as a reference, the height difference between the chip breaker groove and the highest point of the cutting part is H, and the chip breaker groove and the cutting part are connected and transitioned by the first chip guide surface and the second chip guide surface. The first chip guide surface has an inclination angle β1 relative to the horizontal plane, and the second chip guide surface has an inclination angle β2 relative to the horizontal plane.

[0013] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, a guide groove is provided between the second wedge-shaped strip and the cutting portion, which is recessed toward one side of the lower surface. The guide groove and the cutting portion are connected and transitioned by a first guide surface and a second guide surface. The first guide surface has an inclination angle γ1 relative to the horizontal plane, and the second guide surface has an inclination angle γ2 relative to the horizontal plane.

[0014] In the above-mentioned machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, the cutting portion includes an arc cutting edge band and a main cutting edge band, and the main cutting edge band is distributed on both sides of the arc cutting edge band.

[0015] Compared with the existing technology, the advantage of the present invention is that a first wedge strip and a second wedge strip for chip breaking are provided at the upper surface of the machining tool and each cutting portion. By designing the first wedge strip and the second wedge strip into an asymmetric form, different machining occasions can be coped with, and the invention has the advantage of a wide range of applications.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the angles of the first wedge-shaped strip and the second wedge-shaped strip in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the distance between the first wedge-shaped strip and the second wedge-shaped strip in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of GG.

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of HH.

[0022] Figure 6 The figure is a comparison diagram of waste chips after the same product is cut by the tool of the present invention and the traditional tool, wherein A is the waste chips cut by the traditional tool, and B is the waste chips cut by the present invention.

[0023] In the figure, 1, upper surface; 2, lower surface; 3, side surface; 4, cutting part; 5, first wedge-shaped strip; 6, second wedge-shaped strip; 7, chip breaker groove; 8, first chip rolling surface; 9, second chip rolling surface; 10, first chip guide surface; 11, second chip guide surface; 12, guide groove; 13, first guide surface; 14, second guide surface; 15, arc cutting edge band; 16, main cutting edge band. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure includes an upper surface 1, a lower surface 2 and a plurality of side surfaces 3 formed between the upper surface 1 and the lower surface 2, a cutting portion 4 is formed between two adjacent side surfaces 3, a first wedge strip 5 and a second wedge strip 6 for tool chip breaking are provided at the position where the upper surface 1 cooperates with each cutting portion 4, a chip breaking groove 7 recessed toward one side of the lower surface 2 is formed between the first wedge strip 5, the second wedge strip 6 and the cutting portion 4, and the first wedge strip 5 and the second wedge strip 6 are asymmetrically arranged on both sides of the angular bisector L of the cutting portion.

[0026] The two wedge bars are asymmetrically arranged on both sides of the cutting portion angle bisector L, wherein the straight-line distance from one wedge bar to the edge of the upper surface is smaller than the straight-line distance from the other wedge bar to the edge of the upper surface, so that the chip breaker groove 7 has a larger accommodating space relative to the symmetrically arranged wedge bars, and there is a convex surface with a smooth transition between the cutting portion 4 and the chip breaker groove 7.

[0027] Specifically, the straight-line distance from the outermost side of the first wedge strip 5 to the edge of the upper surface 1 is D1, and the length of D1 is 0.1mm-0.6mm. The upper part of the first wedge strip 5 has an inclined first chip surface 8, and the inclination direction of the first chip surface 8 is from the center side of the machining tool to the cutting part 4 side and downward, and the side surface of the first wedge strip 5 and the upper surface 1 are transitioned by an arc.

[0028] The straight-line distance from the outermost side of the second wedge strip 6 to the edge of the upper surface 1 is D2, and the length of D2 is 0.2mm-0.8mm. The upper part of the second wedge strip 6 has an inclined second chip surface 9, and the inclination direction of the second chip surface 9 is from the center side of the machining tool to the cutting part 4 side and downward. The side surface of the second wedge strip 6 and the upper surface 1 are transitioned by an arc, and the angle between the second wedge strip 6 and the angle bisector L of the cutting part 4 is α2, and the angle of α2 is 25°-45°.

[0029] The overall shape of the first wedge strip may be consistent with or different from the overall shape of the second wedge strip, and the overall size of the first wedge strip may be consistent with or different from the overall size of the second wedge strip. In addition, the deflection angle of the angle α1 relative to the angle bisector L may be greater than, equal to, or less than the deflection angle of the angle α2 relative to the angle bisector L, and the value of D1 may be greater than, equal to, or less than the value of D2.

[0030] It should be noted that the first wedge strip and the second wedge strip in this embodiment are arranged in the shape of long strips, but the overall shape of the first wedge strip and the second wedge strip in this technical solution is not limited to long strips, and can be other shapes such as square or oval.

[0031] For the asymmetric setting of the first wedge strip and the second wedge strip in the present technical solution, they can be classified according to the shape and size of the two wedge strips, the size, the angle between the two wedge strips and the angle bisector, and the straight-line distance from the two wedge strips to the edge of the upper surface. Among the above four conditions, as long as any one set of parameters is different, it constitutes asymmetry in the present technical solution. For example: when the shape and size are the same, the size is the same, and the angle between the two wedge strips and the angle bisector is equal, the distances from the two wedge strips to the edge of the upper surface are not equal, which constitutes asymmetry.

[0032] On the basis of the machining tool in this embodiment, when the machining tool is used for front machining under small cutting parameters, the cutting portion 4 acts on the workpiece. At this time, the second wedge strip 6 faces one side of the feed direction. Due to the small cutting parameters, the chip breaker groove 7 has sufficient chip holding space, and the waste chips generated by cutting will be smoothly guided to flow into the chip breaker groove 7 and bend or contact the side of the first wedge strip 5 to bend, which is beneficial to chip removal and reducing cutting resistance. When the tool is used for rough machining of the workpiece, the cutting parameters at this time are relatively large, and the waste chips generated by the tool machining will contact the upper surface 1 of the second wedge strip 6 and curl upward. In this case, the second wedge strip 6 has the effect of strong chip curling and chip removal, while also reducing the contact area between the waste chips and the blade surface, reducing the surface friction between the waste chips and the blade, and lowering the cutting temperature.

[0033] When the machining tool is used for post-turning processing such as pulling, the second wedge strip 6 is facing away from the feed direction. At this time, the cutting angle between the machining tool and the workpiece surface is small, and the waste chips generated by the tool machining will directly contact the upper surface 1 of the first wedge strip 5 and curl upward. The first wedge strip 5 plays a good guiding role, which is conducive to the timely discharge of waste chips.

[0034] The first wedge strip 5 plays a vital role in both pre-processing and post-processing of the machining tool. During pre-processing, the side of the first wedge strip 5 is used to guide the waste chips and make them curl. The arc transition between the side surface of the first wedge strip 5 and the upper surface 1 can enhance the guidance of the waste chips and make them easier to curl and discharge. During post-processing, by controlling the distance between the first wedge strip 5 and the edge of the upper surface 1, the generated waste chips can directly contact the first chip curling surface 8 of the first wedge strip 5, and the slope of the first chip curling surface 8 is used to guide the chips upward and bend them.

[0035] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the angle between the first wedge strip 5 and the angular bisector L of the cutting portion 4 is α1, and the angle of α1 is 25°-45°. Under the premise of ensuring the chip guiding of the first wedge strip 5, the volume of the chip breaker groove 7 is increased as much as possible by controlling the angle between the first wedge strip 5 and the angular bisector L of the cutting portion 4.

[0036] The second wedge strip 6 mainly plays a role in the rough machining of the machining tool. In the rough machining process with large cutting parameters, when the width of the chip breaker groove 7 cannot meet the width of the waste chips, the waste chips in contact with the surface of the second wedge strip 6 are lifted upward through the arc transition of the second wedge strip 6, causing it to bend and curl upward. In this case, the second wedge strip 6 has the effect of strong chip rolling and chip removal, while also reducing the contact area between the waste chips and the blade surface, reducing the surface friction between the waste chips and the blade, and lowering the cutting temperature.

[0037] In this embodiment, the highest point of the cutting portion 4 is taken as a reference, the depth of the chip breaker 7 is H, H is 0.05mm-0.2mm, the chip breaker 7 and the cutting portion 4 are connected and transitioned by the first chip guide surface 10 and the second chip guide surface 11, the first chip guide surface 10 has an inclination angle β1 relative to the horizontal plane, the angle of β1 is 5°-18°, and the second chip guide surface 11 has an inclination angle β2 relative to the horizontal plane, the angle of β2 is 10°-25°. The first chip guide surface 10 and the second chip guide surface 11 have different inclination angles, and the contact area between the waste chips and the inner surface of the chip breaker 7 can be reduced by setting the angle difference, thereby reducing the surface friction between the waste chips and the blade.

[0038] In this embodiment, there is a guide groove 12 formed by being recessed toward one side of the lower surface 2 between the second wedge strip 6 and the cutting portion 4, and the guide groove 12 and the cutting portion 4 are connected and transitioned by a first guide surface 13 and a second guide surface 14, and the first guide surface 13 has an inclination angle γ1 relative to the horizontal plane, and the angle of γ1 is 5°-15°, and the second guide surface 14 has an inclination angle γ2 relative to the horizontal plane, and the angle of γ2 is 10°-25°. The first guide surface 13 and the second guide surface 14 have different inclination angles, and by setting the angle difference, the contact area between the waste chips and the inner surface of the chip breaker groove 7 can be reduced, and the surface friction between the waste chips and the blade can be reduced.

[0039] In this embodiment, the cutting portion 4 includes an arc cutting edge band 15 and a main cutting edge band 16, and the main cutting edge band 16 is distributed on both sides of the arc cutting edge band 15. When the machining tool cuts a workpiece, the arc cutting edge band 15 first contacts the workpiece surface, and then the main cutting edge band 16 contacts the workpiece. Preferably, the arc cutting edge band 15 and the main cutting edge band 16 are designed with a variable rake angle and a variable blade width. The tip of the arc cutting edge band 15 maintains a high sharpness, which can reduce the chip force, reduce the cutting resistance at the blade, and reduce the cutting temperature. The rake angle at the main cutting edge band 16 is reduced, so that the edge strength is increased, the impact resistance is enhanced, the wear resistance of the wear groove is improved, the sharpness and strength of the cutting edge are taken into account, and the service life of the tool is increased.

[0040] In this embodiment, the upper surface 1 and the lower surface 2 may have completely the same or different structures, which are processed according to usage requirements.

[0041] In addition to this embodiment, the number of the side surfaces 3 is at least three, so that the machining tool as a whole is a polygon such as a triangular body, a quadrilateral body or a pentagon body.

[0042] The technical effect of the present invention is as follows: when the machining tool is used for pre-machining under small cutting parameters, the cutting portion 4 acts on the workpiece, and the second wedge strip 6 at this time faces one side of the feed direction. Due to the small cutting parameters, the chip breaker groove 7 has sufficient chip accommodating space, and the waste chips generated by cutting will be smoothly guided to flow into the chip breaker groove 7 and bend or contact the side of the first wedge strip 5 to bend, which is beneficial to chip removal and reducing cutting resistance. When the tool is used for rough machining of the workpiece, the cutting parameters at this time are relatively large, and the waste chips generated by the tool machining will contact the upper surface 1 of the second wedge strip 6 and curl upward. In this case, the second wedge strip 6 has the effect of strong chip curling and chip removal, and also reduces the contact area between the waste chips and the blade surface, reduces the surface friction between the waste chips and the blade, and reduces the cutting temperature.

[0043] The present invention is mainly used for cutting stainless steel materials. When the same processing material is selected, the technical solution of the present invention is significantly different from the traditional symmetrical tool in chip removal. The processing workpiece selection criteria are: The material is 304 stainless steel, hardness ≤197HB; Processing parameters: Cutting speed V = 160m / min, cutting depth ap = 2.5mm, feed rate fn = 0.1mm / r; Processing method: external cylindrical cutting; Cooling method: coolant; Processing blade: A is a blade with a conventional symmetrical chip breaking structure, and B is a blade with an asymmetrical chip breaking structure of the present invention. For details on chip breaking, see Figure 6 It can be seen from the figure that the chips produced by the A tool when processing the workpiece are uncontrollable long strip chips, and the chips produced by the B tool of the present invention when processing the workpiece are spiral and controllable chips, which is convenient for the immediate discharge of waste chips.

[0044] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0045] Although the terms such as upper surface 1, lower surface 2, side surface 3, cutting portion 4, first wedge strip 5, second wedge strip 6, chip breaker 7, first chip roll surface 8, second chip roll surface 9, first chip guide surface 10, second chip guide surface 11, guide groove 12, first guide surface 13, second guide surface 14, arc cutting edge band 15, main cutting edge band 16 are used more frequently in this article, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only for more convenient description and explanation of the essence of the present invention, and interpreting them as any additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure, comprising an upper surface (1), a lower surface (2), and a plurality of side surfaces (3) formed between the upper surface (1) and the lower surface (2), wherein a cutting portion (4) is formed between two adjacent side surfaces (3), characterized in that: A first wedge strip (5) and a second wedge strip (6) for tool chip breaking are provided at the position where the upper surface (1) cooperates with each cutting portion (4); a chip breaking groove (7) recessed toward one side of the lower surface (2) is formed between the first wedge strip (5), the second wedge strip (6) and the cutting portion (4); and the first wedge strip (5) and the second wedge strip (6) are asymmetrically arranged on both sides of an angle bisector L of the cutting portion (4).

2. A machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall shape of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) is consistent with the overall shape of the second wedge-shaped strip (6), or the overall shape of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) is different from the overall shape of the second wedge-shaped strip (6).

3. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall size of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) is the same as the overall size of the second wedge-shaped strip (6), or the overall size of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) and the overall size of the second wedge-shaped strip (6) are different in shape.

4. A machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An included angle α1 is formed between the first wedge strip (5) and the angular bisector L of the cutting portion (4), and an included angle α2 is formed between the second wedge strip (6) and the angular bisector L of the cutting portion (4), wherein the deflection angle of the included angle α1 relative to the angular bisector L is greater than, equal to, or less than the deflection angle of the included angle α2 relative to the angular bisector L.

5. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straight-line distance from the outermost side of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) to the edge of the upper surface (1) is D1, and the straight-line distance from the outermost side of the second wedge-shaped strip (6) to the edge of the upper surface (1) is D2. The value of D1 may be greater than, equal to, or less than the value of D2.

6. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper portion of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) has a first chip surface (8) which is arranged obliquely, and the first chip surface (8) is inclined downward from the center side of the machining tool to the cutting portion (4) side, and the side surface of the first wedge-shaped strip (5) and the upper surface (1) are transitioned through an arc.

7. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper portion of the second wedge-shaped strip (6) has an inclined second chip surface (9), the second chip surface (9) being inclined downward from the center side of the machining tool to the cutting portion (4), and the side surface of the second wedge-shaped strip (6) and the upper surface (1) are transitioned through an arc.

8. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Taking the highest point of the cutting portion (4) as a reference, the height difference between the chip breaker groove (7) and the highest point of the cutting portion (4) is H, and the chip breaker groove (7) and the cutting portion (4) are connected and transitioned via a first chip guide surface (10) and a second chip guide surface (11), wherein the first chip guide surface (10) has an inclination angle β1 relative to a horizontal plane, and the second chip guide surface (11) has an inclination angle β2 relative to the horizontal plane.

9. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide groove (12) is provided between the second wedge-shaped strip (6) and the cutting portion (4), and is formed by being recessed toward one side of the lower surface (2). The guide groove (12) and the cutting portion (4) are connected and transitioned via a first guide surface (13) and a second guide surface (14). The first guide surface (13) has an inclination angle γ1 relative to a horizontal plane, and the second guide surface (14) has an inclination angle γ2 relative to the horizontal plane.

10. The machining tool with an asymmetric wedge-shaped chip breaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting portion (4) comprises a circular arc cutting edge band (15) and a main cutting edge band (16), wherein the main cutting edge band (16) is distributed on both sides of the circular arc cutting edge band (15).

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