A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of laser action evaluation technology, and in particular to a high-speed remote laser action effect evaluation system and method. The visible or infrared radiation of the object to be measured is incident on a spectroscope group after passing through an optical system; the spectroscope group includes a number of spectroscopes, which receive the laser beam and perform spectroscopies, and respectively output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam propagating along a transmission light path, the reflected beam enters a detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next spectroscope; each spectroscope is connected to a detection channel, and the detection channel is connected to a data storage module; a spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last spectroscope for spectral data processing, and transmits the data to the data storage module; a high-speed camera, an intelligent learning module, and an action effect evaluation module are respectively connected to the data storage module. The advantages are: guiding subsequent decisions based on the degree of laser action; having advantages such as high detection frame rate, small redundancy, and simple data processing, which effectively improve the speed of laser action effect determination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser action evaluation, and in particular to a high-speed long-distance laser action effect evaluation system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of laser application technology, the integration of lasers and launch systems has led to widespread application in a variety of fields, including long-range defense, welding, cladding, additive manufacturing, and foreign object removal (such as overhanging objects on high-voltage power lines, ice, and contaminants). To enable remote and efficient evaluation of laser performance, an advanced laser performance evaluation system has been designed based on spectral and image recognition technologies. This system monitors in real time the physical structure and chemical property changes that occur when a target is irradiated by laser. Through this continuous monitoring, the system can assess the extent of laser impact on the target, optimize laser action strategies, and determine whether to continue projecting laser energy to specific areas. This system has broad application prospects for improving the effectiveness of long-range laser equipment.

[0003] By utilizing advanced laser effect evaluation technology, the laser system response strategy is optimized, thereby reducing the power and irradiation time required for the laser to act on the target, thereby improving the working efficiency of the laser system. In the prior art, traditional damage assessment methods cannot be evaluated remotely and efficiently. For example, the invention patent application with publication number CN118351476A, publication date July 16, 2024, and invention name “Intelligent Damage Assessment Method, Device, Equipment, Medium and Program Product” discloses a method for evaluating damage to a target by traditional weapons. This method is based on a trained damage assessment model and obtains damage assessment results by extracting features from target images and multiple sensor data. At the same time, these features can also be used to train damage assessment models. However, this system is mainly aimed at damage assessment of traditional weapons and is not suitable for real-time effect evaluation during laser irradiation. Patent application number CN117213315A, published on December 12, 2023, and entitled "A Method for Evaluating the Effect of Laser Damage to UAVs Using a Combined Laser and Light," discloses a technology for evaluating the damage effects of drone targets. This technology automatically assesses the damage by analyzing changes in parameters such as the target's motion posture and amplitude dispersion coefficient when it is hit, and derives the final damage assessment result by fusing information from different sensors. However, this method is primarily used to determine whether the target has been effectively shot down and cannot provide specific information about target surface damage or material effects. Patent application number CN110926533B, published on August 2, 2022, and entitled "Device and Method for Real-Time Measurement of Multiple Parameters in Laser Damage," discloses a device capable of measuring key parameters in the laser damage process in real time. The device includes a water-cooled integrating sphere, a high-speed camera, a spectrometer, and multiple sensor components, capable of simultaneously measuring the target's ablation mass loss rate, impulse coupling coefficient, ablation backscatter characteristics, and target damage morphology. This method can provide multiple detailed key measurement data, but this measurement is mainly carried out on the ground and cannot demonstrate the characteristics of remote operation and high timeliness.

[0004] Given the specific application requirements, laser effect evaluation systems require a more in-depth analysis of the physical and chemical properties of distant targets, their internal structure, and the morphological changes that occur during the ablation process. Furthermore, the system must offer fast response times and a long range. However, current technology has not yet met the requirements for a comprehensive laser equipment effect evaluation system.

[0005] However, there are several related technologies such as temperature measurement, target recognition, spectral analysis for surface state detection, and analysis methods based on intelligent learning. These technologies can be integrated and used to assess the degree of laser ablation on the target. During the laser action process, the material properties, internal structure and morphological changes of the target should also be monitored in real time and referenced to a pre-stored database to evaluate the effect of the laser action and predict the time required for the material properties to change in stages. However, current technology has obvious shortcomings in remotely monitoring the series of changes that occur when the target is subjected to laser ablation. The related technologies of the laser effect evaluation system mainly have the following shortcomings:

[0006] (1) Slow response speed. In high-intensity defense or high-precision welding or cleaning operation scenarios, the laser evaluation system must be able to respond quickly because effective laser irradiation usually needs to be completed within a time window of seconds or shorter. Therefore, it is extremely challenging to capture and process a large amount of data in real time during this process. Since data processing and analysis take a long time, it is difficult to monitor the ablation status of the target in real time. In order to improve the evaluation efficiency, it is necessary to pre-build a large database or target ablation model so that the ablation effect can be efficiently evaluated by fast vector matching of captured data. In terms of spectral information analysis, processing large spectral data sets is also extremely time-consuming. Therefore, after the target characteristics are known, several key spectral segments should be used for targeted monitoring to optimize resource utilization and analysis speed. Based on the detected radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum data, the component intensity and spectral line shape can be obtained by matrix reconstruction method, a mainstream transient absorption spectrum global fitting algorithm. This method can extract key information from complex spectral data and accelerate the evaluation process of the target ablation status.

[0007] (2) Insufficient captured information. In laser ablation research, real-time monitoring of the temperature dynamics of the target object is a basic requirement. More importantly, it is possible to observe in real time the series of complex physical and chemical transformations that the target undergoes. By fusing the ablation images captured by high-speed imaging technology with spectral analysis data, a more comprehensive assessment of the multiple ablation stages of the target under the action of the laser can be made, such as rapid heating, oxidation, melting, and volatilization. Spectral data can be used to deeply analyze the microstructural changes, phase transitions, and real-time changes in thermophysical properties (such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, etc.) of the target material under the action of the laser. This identification of different ablation stages and the determination of material property changes require a spectral information database specifically for laser ablation scenarios. This spectral database contains the staged response data and ablation characteristic indicators of various categories of targets, which can provide an accurate scientific basis for the evaluation of laser effect.

[0008] (3) Insufficient database and lack of autonomous learning ability. In laser irradiation applications, the system may encounter unknown targets that are not pre-stored in the database. In the face of such situations, the system should have an autonomous learning function. By capturing spectral line changes and referring to the spectral characteristics of general materials, the system can automatically determine the target's staged behavior and material property changes under the action of the laser, and perform corresponding classification. In addition, the system comprehensively analyzes spectral information and imaging data to generate multiple sets of data sets corresponding to different effects, providing the necessary conditions for rapid and accurate identification and evaluation of subsequent laser action process events. The system also needs to have dynamic correction capabilities to instantly update the association between captured information and ablation results to improve its recognition accuracy and the reliability of the results. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-speed long-distance laser effect evaluation system and method.

[0010] The first object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, comprising: an optical system, a spectrometer, a spectroscope group, a detection channel, a data storage module, an intelligent learning module, and an effect evaluation module;

[0011] After passing through the optical system, the visible or infrared radiation of the object being measured is incident on the beam splitter group. The beam splitter group includes several beam splitters arranged in sequence. After receiving the laser beam, the beam splitters split the beam and output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam that propagates along the transmission light path. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter. Each beam splitter is connected to a detection channel, which is connected to the data storage module.

[0012] The spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last spectroscope to process the spectral data and transmits the processed data to the data storage module;

[0013] A high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts feature information, which is then converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics and transmitted to the data storage module;

[0014] The intelligent learning module is connected to the data storage module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the input data;

[0015] The effect evaluation module receives the data from the data storage module and performs comparative evaluation to comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

[0016] Preferably, the detection channel is composed of a filter component and a photoelectric detector; the reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photoelectric detector.

[0017] Preferably, the filter assembly is a filter or a filter wheel.

[0018] Preferably, the spectrometer group includes six spectrometers arranged in sequence; the number of detection channels is six; the first to fourth groups of detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors, which are used to detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; the fifth to sixth groups of detection channels are composed of filter wheels and photodetectors, which are used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process.

[0019] Preferably, the center wavelengths of the optical filters in the first to fourth groups of detection channels are all located within the atmospheric transmission window, and the optical filters are bandpass filters.

[0020] Preferably, the center wavelengths of the filters in the first to fourth groups of detection channels are 0.4-1 μm, 3-4 μm, 7-8 μm and 10-11 μm, respectively.

[0021] Preferably, the spectral data processing includes background dark current removal, wavelength calibration and absolute radiation intensity calibration.

[0022] A second object of the present invention is to provide a laser effect evaluation method, which uses a laser effect evaluation system to perform evaluation, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Irradiate the object under test with a laser. The infrared radiation or characteristic spectral radiation generated by the object under test propagates through the atmosphere and enters the optical system of the high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, and is first incident on the first beam splitter;

[0024] S2. The first beam splitter receives visible or infrared radiation from the object being measured and splits it into two beams, one for reflection and the other for transmission along the transmission path. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the other for transmission. The spectrometer collects the beam emitted by the last beam splitter and transmits it to the external data storage module.

[0025] S3. The detection channel detects the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and transmits the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information to the external data storage module;

[0026] S4. A high-speed camera captures the ablation topography of the target surface and extracts characteristic information. The image data captured during the laser ablation process is converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with the characteristics of the laser action and transmitted to the external data of the data storage module;

[0027] S5. The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module for intelligent data processing, analysis and classification, stores the key spectral information corresponding to the ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establishes a laser ablation model;

[0028] S6. Input the internal data and external data in the data storage module into the effect evaluation module and conduct comparative evaluation, establish the correlation between the effect of laser on the material, and give a comprehensive evaluation conclusion of the effect of laser on the target.

[0029] Preferably, in step S3, a global fitting algorithm for transient absorption spectrum is used to fit the component intensities and fitting line shapes of the radiation spectrum and the characteristic spectrum, and the results are transmitted to the external data of the data storage module.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention proposes a high-speed, long-distance laser effect evaluation system. This system can determine the ablation status of the target by analyzing spectral data and ablation images, and guide subsequent decisions based on the degree of laser action: whether to maintain the current laser action plan or stop laser output to improve work efficiency. In view of the limited power resources, the system design needs to consider the rational management of energy to ensure the maximum work efficiency within the limited energy budget. The use of photoelectric point detectors to carry out targeted monitoring of the target's characteristic spectrum has the advantages of high detection frame rate, small redundancy, and simple data processing, which can effectively improve the speed of laser effect evaluation and judgment. In addition, the design principle and implementation method of the system also provide potential application possibilities for laser remote welding, additive manufacturing, and foreign matter removal technology, and is expected to be expanded and applied in this field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-speed remote laser action effect evaluation system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a real picture of laser action during the simulation experiment of the high-speed remote laser action effect evaluation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a curve showing the change of spectrum distribution over time during a typical laser action process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Optical system;

[0037] 2. High-speed camera;

[0038] 3. A second photodetector;

[0039] 4. A fourth photodetector;

[0040] 5. Sixth photodetector;

[0041] 6. Second filter;

[0042] 7. Fourth filter;

[0043] 8. Second filter wheel;

[0044] 9. First photodetector;

[0045] 10. A third photodetector;

[0046] 11. The fifth photodetector;

[0047] 12. First filter;

[0048] 13. The third filter;

[0049] 14. First filter wheel;

[0050] 15. Data storage module;

[0051] 16. Intelligent learning module;

[0052] 17. Spectrometer;

[0053] 18. Effect evaluation module;

[0054] 19. The first spectroscope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, identical modules are denoted by identical reference numerals. In the case of identical reference numerals, their names and functions are also identical. Therefore, their detailed description will not be repeated.

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0057] The present invention provides a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, comprising an optical system, a spectrometer, a spectroscope group, a detection channel, a data storage module, an intelligent learning module, and an effect evaluation module;

[0058] After passing through the optical system, the visible or infrared radiation of the object being measured is incident on the beam splitter group. The beam splitter group includes several beam splitters arranged in sequence. After receiving the laser beam, the beam splitters split the beam and output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam that propagates along the transmission light path. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter. The spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last beam splitter, processes the spectral data, and transmits the processed data to the external data of the data storage module.

[0059] Each spectroscope is connected to a detection channel, which is composed of a filter component and a photodetector. The reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photodetector.

[0060] The filter assembly includes filters and filter wheels; the first four detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors. The filters can be bandpass filters, which mainly detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and respectively use filters with different central wavelengths (for example, but not limited to 0.88μm, 3.4μm, 7.4μm, and 10.6μm). These wavelengths are located within the atmospheric transmission window to reduce the effects of atmospheric absorption and scattering of radiation. The optical signal of each detection channel is generated by a photodetector of the corresponding wavelength band; the last two detection channels are composed of filter wheels and photodetectors, which are mainly used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; the detection channel transmits the received radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information to the external data of the data storage module;

[0061] A high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts feature information. The image data captured during the laser ablation process is converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics and transmitted to the external data of the data storage module.

[0062] The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the data, store the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establish a laser ablation model;

[0063] The internal data and external data in the data storage module are input into the effect evaluation module, and the internal data and external data are compared and evaluated to establish the correlation between the effect of the laser on the material and comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

[0064] Specifically, spectral data processing includes background dark current removal, wavelength calibration, and blackbody radiation calibration.

[0065] The present invention provides a laser effect evaluation method, which uses the above-mentioned laser effect evaluation system to perform evaluation, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0066] S1. Irradiate the object under test with a laser. As the laser energy accumulates, the object begins to heat up or ablate. The resulting infrared radiation or characteristic spectral radiation propagates through the atmosphere and enters the optical system of the high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, initially striking the first beam splitter.

[0067] S2. The first beam splitter receives the laser beam and splits it into two beams, one reflected beam and the other transmitted along the transmission path. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the other transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter. The spectrometer collects the beam emitted by the last beam splitter and transmits it to the external data storage module.

[0068] S3. The first to fourth detection channels detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and the fifth to sixth detection channels detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information are transmitted to the external data of the data storage module;

[0069] Specifically, a global fitting algorithm for transient absorption spectrum, such as matrix recombination method, is used to fit the component intensities and fitting line shapes of the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum, and transmit the results to the external data of the data storage module;

[0070] S4. A high-speed camera captures the ablation topography of the target surface and extracts characteristic information. The image data captured during the laser ablation process is converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with the characteristics of the laser action and transmitted to the external data of the data storage module;

[0071] S5. The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module for intelligent data processing, analysis and classification, stores the key spectral information corresponding to the ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establishes a laser ablation model;

[0072] S6. Input the internal data and external data in the data storage module into the effect evaluation module and conduct comparative evaluation, establish the correlation relationship between the effect of laser on the material, and comprehensively give the effect of laser on the target.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, including an optical system 1, a spectroscope group, a detection channel, a data storage module 15, an intelligent learning module 16, a spectrometer 17, and an effect evaluation module 18;

[0075] After passing through the optical system 1, the visible or infrared radiation from the object being measured is incident on the beam splitter group, which includes six beam splitters arranged in sequence. The first beam splitter 19 receives the laser beam and splits it, outputting a reflected beam and a transmitted beam that propagates along the transmission light path. The reflected beam enters the first detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter. The spectrometer 17 collects the light beam emitted by the last beam splitter (the sixth beam splitter) and transmits it to the external data storage module 15.

[0076] Each spectroscope is connected to a detection channel, which is composed of a filter component and a photodetector. The reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photodetector.

[0077] The filter assembly includes filters and filter wheels; the first four detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors, which mainly detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and use filters with different central wavelengths. The central wavelengths of the first filter 12, the second filter 6, the third filter 13 and the fourth filter 7 are 0.88μm, 3.4μm, 7.4μm and 10.6μm respectively (not limited to the above four wavelengths). These wavelengths are located within the atmospheric transmission window to reduce the absorption and scattering effects of the atmosphere on radiation. The optical signals of each detection channel are respectively generated by the corresponding The first to fourth detection channels transmit the received radiation spectrum, and the fifth to sixth detection channels transmit the characteristic spectrum information to the external data of the data storage module 15;

[0078] The high-speed camera 2 captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts characteristic information, converts the image data captured during the laser ablation process into a one-dimensional matching vector with the characteristics of the laser action, and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module 15;

[0079] The data storage module 15 inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module 16 for intelligent processing, analysis and classification of the data, stores the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module 15 and establishes a laser ablation model;

[0080] The internal data and external data in the data storage module 15 are input to the effect evaluation module 18, and the internal data and the external data are compared and evaluated to establish a correlation between the effect of the laser on the material and comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

[0081] Specific applications:

[0082] (1) For a known target, the system can determine the surface temperature of the object by measuring the radiation spectrum response intensity through the first to fourth detection channels and combining it with the blackbody radiation calibration performed in advance. This process involves Planck's law-Wien formula:

[0083] (1)

[0084] In the above formula, The photodetector is respectively the photodetector of black body radiation at a certain temperature The output intensity under is Planck's constant, is the response specific wavelength of the channel, This value is generated by an internal database after the target material is identified through the characteristic spectrum of the initial spectrum or the ablation image. The system's internal database also provides the approximate wavelength window for identifying the target's characteristic peaks. Based on this information, the system automatically rotates the filter wheel to select the appropriate filter, which is then received by the corresponding photodetector. Based on the detected radiation spectrum and the intensity of the characteristic spectrum, the system uses a global transient absorption spectrum fitting algorithm, such as the matrix recombination method, to determine the component intensities and fitted line shapes.

[0085] After calibration, the system automatically analyzes the detected radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum based on spectral features stored in an internal database, capturing changes in the radiation and characteristic spectrum curves, such as spectral plateaus, peak fluctuations, and curve mutations. This information is combined with image features extracted from images captured by the high-speed camera 2 to form a one-dimensional matching vector representing the laser action characteristics. The laser action effect evaluation module 18 compares this one-dimensional vector with the correlation between the action effect and the spectral and image features, or the evaluation model, stored in the data storage module 15. This module then rationally determines the target's stage in the ablation process (e.g., rapid heating, oxidation, melting, and volatilization), as well as the microscopic and localized surface characteristics of the material at each stage (involving aspects such as microstructural changes, localized ablation phenomena, surface roughness characteristics, and the generation of tiny metal particles). After the evaluation is complete, this data is reloaded into the internal storage module and used as a basis for revising the evaluation matching relationship or laser ablation model, further optimizing the accuracy of the evaluation module.

[0086] (2) For unknown targets, the emission spectrum and characteristic spectrum of the target are obtained in the same way. However, since the emissivity of the surface of the object is unknown, the target does not exist in the data storage module 15; the radiation temperature of the target is not inferred from the fitted radiation spectrum of the first to fourth detection channels, but is directly calculated based on the Wien displacement law by scanning the target radiation through the analytical spectrometer 17 to determine the peak wavelength of the radiation spectrum; the calculation formula is as follows:

[0087] (2)

[0088] Where, represents the peak wavelength of the radiation, T Indicates the temperature of an object; the peak wavelength of radiation can be measured by analyzing the spectrometer scan , and then the physical surface temperature can be obtained without relying on the physical emissivity. When obtaining the characteristic spectrum, we may also encounter situations such as unknown characteristic spectrum windows. We can use the Grubbs criterion in statistics to determine the approximate wavelength window of the characteristic spectrum. The system can automatically rotate the filter wheel to select the appropriate filter based on the wavelength window of the characteristic spectrum. At this time, the system is also based on spectral information and ablation images. Since the internal database lacks the corresponding target material ablation data, it is impossible to quickly determine the effect in real time. However, the general rules of laser ablation materials can be used to quickly evaluate the effect. At this time, the evaluation system can also autonomously classify and analyze the effect based on the captured spectral information and image information, establish a new laser ablation model when necessary, and incorporate these captured information and analysis results into the data storage module 15 of the evaluation system, providing conditions for rapid and accurate evaluation when ablating the same type of target next time.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] When developing a laser effect evaluation system, extensive ground-based experiments are necessary to establish a database containing information on the ablation behavior of various target materials under laser ablation. This data can then be used, if necessary, to develop models for laser ablation at different stages, enabling quantitative analysis of the degree of ablation at specific stages. This task requires extensive ground-based experimental support to accumulate the necessary data for rapid evaluation. For example, the identification of stage-by-stage changes in laser ablation of 2A12 aluminum alloy requires the acquisition of spectral data processed through standardized procedures (including background dark current removal, wavelength calibration, and blackbody radiation calibration). This spectral data, combined with ablation image information captured by a high-speed camera, enables classification of the different ablation stages of 2A12 aluminum alloy, as shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1 Stage-by-stage changes in laser treatment effects on 2A12 aluminum alloy

[0092]

[0093] The evaluation system encodes the stage number, spectral features, and image features to form a matching vector. The stage number identifies the order in which the spectral and image features appear to be plausible. An abnormal stage number, such as stage number 4 appearing before other stages, will cause the ablation evaluation module to report an error and output an error message. The matching vector is the basis for matching externally captured feature data with internally stored feature data. Table 1 shows the initial stage-by-stage changes in the laser effect on 2A12 aluminum alloy. For a more precise understanding of the laser ablation process, additional spectral line change identification features, such as spectral line curvature or fluctuation range, can be introduced to further optimize the ablation evaluation database.

[0094] When the laser was applied again to the 2A12 aluminum alloy target, the filter wheel rapidly switched to the corresponding characteristic spectrum band based on the system's built-in database, enabling efficient spectral capture. After a series of spectral calibrations, spectral information for six channels was obtained. The matrix recombination method, a mainstream global fitting algorithm for transient absorption spectroscopy, was used to fit the spectral lineshapes of the coupling between the radiance spectrum and the characteristic spectrum. Given a known target emissivity, the radiance spectrum information obtained by the four-channel photodetector can be used to determine the target surface temperature. However, for the 2A12 aluminum alloy, the continuous spectrum is almost absent during the initial irradiation phase, with only two characteristic peaks of the laser observed. This behavior is consistent with the system's built-in spectral information. In the first three stages (Table 1), no radiance spectrum appears. This is due to the aluminum alloy's inherent low surface absorptivity and high heat transfer coefficient, resulting in poor coupling efficiency with the laser. Consequently, the thermal radiation spectrum appears late, making it difficult to obtain accurate multi-spectral temperature measurement results. In addition, within about 80 seconds of laser irradiation, the pump peak and the laser emission peak experienced a "plateau period", which indicates that the effect of the aluminum alloy is in the first stage in Table 1.

[0095] After approximately 80 seconds of irradiation, the peak of the discrete spectrum ceases to be stable, leaving the so-called "plateau." As shown in Table 1, the target surface shape and reflectivity begin to change during the second stage. The target metal melts and a high-melting-point oxide film coats the liquid aluminum, but no significant deformation occurs. When the characteristic spectrum exhibits significant fluctuations, this indicates that the ablation characteristics of the aluminum alloy have entered the third stage. Target deformation further increases, and even slight localized surface deformation can significantly alter the intensity of the corresponding characteristic peak. This is particularly true at longer detection distances. After 136 seconds of laser irradiation, a sudden increase in the intensity of the thermal radiation spectrum and a decrease in the intensity of the discrete spectrum are observed, marking the entry into the fourth stage of ablation. This stage is characterized by the collapse of the target's internal material structure and a vigorous oxidation reaction triggered by the liquid aluminum's contact with oxygen. This stage can be confirmed not only by spectral features but also by image features captured by a high-speed camera. When identifying the ablation stage using a single feature is difficult, spectral and image features can be combined to form matching vectors with more elements and a more complex matching mechanism for remote and rapid ablation assessment. The radiation intensity, spectral distribution and image produced by the laser effect all change with time. The changes in the spectrum and image as well as the possible characteristic spectrum serve as the comprehensive basis for evaluating the effect.

[0096] Figure 2 Shows actual photos of target ablation by laser during the simulation experiment. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the curve showing the change of spectral distribution over time during a typical laser action process is shown.

[0097] In summary, the novel laser effect evaluation system proposed in this invention features remote detection and efficient evaluation. It utilizes four-channel spectral information, replacing traditional full-band analysis methods, to improve real-time temperature calculation speed. When the emissivity of the target material is known, the system uses Wien's law, a variant of Planck's law, to calculate its surface temperature. For targets with unknown emissivity, Wien's displacement law is used to directly infer the temperature of the measured object. This method effectively overcomes the limitation of traditional techniques that rely on emissivity. In addition to four-channel spectroscopy, the system also features multi-channel characteristic spectrum detection, which can record in detail the spectral characteristics of the material at different ablation stages. This spectral information, combined with real-time images from a high-speed camera, can further explore the changes in the material's microstructure, phase transitions, and real-time changes in thermophysical properties during different ablation stages under laser action. The spectral characteristics corresponding to different effects are then classified and stored in an internal memory module, allowing the establishment of a laser ablation model. When re-evaluating the same target, the system quickly and accurately assesses the laser's effect based on captured spectral signatures and real-time images, along with correlations stored in the module or specific ablation models. As the system continuously learns and accumulates data, it updates and refines its effect evaluation criteria in real time, providing critical support for improving the accuracy of evaluation results.

[0098] The innovation of using multiple point detectors lies in that, while previous literature has reported remote ablation assessment schemes solely using spectrometers, these schemes suffer from a lack of targetedness, a large amount of redundant data, and limited flexibility and speed. Furthermore, the data volume is large at high frame rates. Literature reports that software processing of 3,000 spectral data takes 38 seconds, far exceeding the laser's target exposure time (typically under 10 seconds, preferably lower). At low frame rates, critical spectral information about the target's ablation characteristics can be easily lost, affecting the timeliness and accuracy of the assessment results. Using photoelectric point detectors to monitor the target's characteristic spectral bands offers advantages such as high detection frame rates, minimal redundancy, and simplified data processing, effectively accelerating ablation assessment.

[0099] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0100] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, characterized in that: include: Optical system, spectrometer, spectroscope group, detection channel, data storage module, intelligent learning module, effect evaluation module; After passing through the optical system, the visible or infrared radiation of the object being measured is incident on the beam splitter group. The beam splitter group includes several beam splitters arranged in sequence. After receiving the laser beam, the beam splitters split the beam and output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam that propagates along the transmission light path. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter. Each beam splitter is connected to a detection channel, which is connected to the data storage module. The spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last spectroscope to process the spectral data and transmits the processed data to the data storage module; A high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts feature information, which is then converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics and transmitted to the data storage module; The intelligent learning module is connected to the data storage module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the input data; The effect evaluation module receives the data from the data storage module and performs comparative evaluation to comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

2. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection channel is composed of a filter component and a photoelectric detector; the reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photoelectric detector.

3. The high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter assembly is a filter or a filter wheel.

4. The high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectroscope group includes six spectroscopes arranged in sequence; the number of detection channels is six; the first to fourth detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors for detecting the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; The fifth and sixth detection channels are composed of a filter wheel and a photodetector, and are used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process.

5. The high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The center wavelengths of the optical filters in the first to fourth detection channels are all located within the atmospheric transmission window, and the optical filters are bandpass filters.

6. The high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The center wavelengths of the filters in the first to fourth detection channels are 0.4~1μm, 3~4μm, 7~8μm and 10~11μm respectively.

7. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The spectrum data processing includes background dark current removal, wavelength calibration and absolute radiation intensity calibration.

8. A method for evaluating laser effect, using the laser effect evaluation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Irradiate the object under test with a laser. The infrared radiation or characteristic spectral radiation generated by the object under test propagates through the atmosphere and enters the optical system of the high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, and is first incident on the first beam splitter; S2. The first beam splitter receives visible or infrared radiation from the object being measured and splits it into two beams, one for reflection and the other for transmission along the transmission path. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the other for transmission. The spectrometer collects the beam emitted by the last beam splitter and transmits it to the external data storage module. S3. The detection channel detects the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and transmits the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information to the external data storage module; S4. A high-speed camera captures the ablation topography of the target surface and extracts characteristic information. The image data captured during the laser ablation process is converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with the characteristics of the laser action and transmitted to the external data of the data storage module; S5. The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module for intelligent data processing, analysis and classification, stores the key spectral information corresponding to the ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establishes a laser ablation model; S6. Input the internal data and external data in the data storage module into the effect evaluation module and conduct comparative evaluation, establish the correlation between the effect of laser on the material, and give a comprehensive evaluation conclusion of the effect of laser on the target.

9. The laser effect evaluation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, a global fitting algorithm for transient absorption spectrum is used to fit the component intensities and fitting line shapes of the radiation spectrum and the characteristic spectrum, and the results are transmitted to the external data of the data storage module.

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