Sample adding instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses a sample adding instrument which comprises a batch sample adding assembly, an independent sample adding assembly and a locking switching assembly, and the locking switching assembly is in sliding fit with the independent sample adding assembly; when the independent sample adding assembly reaches a retraction position, the locking switching assembly is switched to a retraction locking state, the locking switching assembly limits the sliding of the independent sample adding assembly, and the sample adding parts of all the batch sample adding needle rods exceed the independent sample adding assembly, so that batch sample adding is realized; when the independent sample adding assembly is located between the retraction position and the extension position, the locking switching assembly is switched to an unlocking state, and the locking switching assembly pushes the independent sample adding assembly to slide; when the independent sample adding assembly reaches the extending position, the locking switching assembly is switched to the extending locking state, the locking switching assembly limits the independent sample adding assembly to continuously slide, the independent sample adding assembly is arranged to exceed the sample adding position of all the batch sample adding needle rods, and independent sample adding is achieved. The sample adding device can be suitable for batch sample adding and independent sample adding, so that the adaptability is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of test instruments, in particular to a sample adding instrument. Background Art

[0002] The sample pipette automatically completes accurate sampling and spotting of samples through precise control. Its advantage lies in its high accuracy and it is widely used in biochemistry, molecular biology, clinical diagnosis and other fields.

[0003] In order to improve the sampling efficiency, most of the existing samplers use multiple sample heads, which can complete multiple sample sampling and multiple target sample loading tasks at the same time within one movement cycle. This design can meet the task of large-scale sample loading. When a small number of samples need to be loaded or missed samples need to be supplemented, it can only be done manually. Therefore, the existing samplers cannot complete the tasks of a small number of samples and sample replenishment, and the application scenarios they can meet are limited and the adaptability is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sample adder, which is equipped with a separate sample adder component and a locking switching component that can be slidably matched, which can meet the sample adding scenarios of multiple samples, small amounts of samples and missing point filling, and solves the technical problem of poor adaptability of existing sample adders.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sample adding instrument, comprising:

[0006] A batch sample addition component, the batch sample addition component comprises a plurality of batch sample addition needle rods arranged in parallel;

[0007] A separate sample loading component, which can be slidably arranged;

[0008] A locking switch component, the locking switch component and the separate sample adding component can be slidably matched;

[0009] When the individual sample loading component reaches the retracted position, the locking switch component switches to the retracted locking state. The locking switch component is used to limit the sliding of the individual sample loading component. The loading positions of all batch loading needles are beyond the setting of the individual sample loading component, thereby realizing batch loading.

[0010] When the individual sample loading component is between the retracted position and the extended position, the locking switching component switches to an unlocked state, and the locking switching component is used to push the individual sample loading component to slide relative to the batch sample loading component;

[0011] When the individual sample adding component reaches the extended position, the locking switching component switches to the extended locking state, and the locking switching component is used to limit the individual sample adding component from continuing to slide. The individual sample adding component exceeds the sample adding position setting of all batch sample adding needle rods to achieve individual sample adding.

[0012] Preferably, the locking switching assembly comprises:

[0013] An adjusting slider is arranged to be retractable and perpendicular to the sliding direction of the separate sample loading component; the adjusting slider is inclined and provided with a push protrusion, and the push protrusion is slidably matched with the inclined slide groove provided in the separate sample loading component;

[0014] A retractable locking block, which is retractably arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the separate sample loading component; the retractable locking block has a retractable locking tongue, which cooperates with a retractable locking groove provided on the adjusting slider;

[0015] An extending locking block is retractably arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the separate sample adding component; the extending locking block has an extending locking tongue, and the extending locking tongue cooperates with an extending locking groove provided on the adjusting slide block;

[0016] When the separate sample loading component reaches the retracted position, the retracted locking tongue abuts against the retracted locking groove, the pushing protrusion keeps cooperating with the bottom end of the inclined slide groove, and the separate sample loading component keeps staying in the retracted position;

[0017] When the retracting lock tongue is separated from the retracting lock groove, the adjusting slider retracts in a direction away from the separate sample loading component, and the pushing protrusion pushes the separate sample loading component to slide from the retracted position to the extended position through the inclined slide groove;

[0018] When the separate sample adding component reaches the extended position, the extended locking tongue abuts against the extended locking groove, the push protrusion keeps matching with the top of the inclined slide groove, and the separate sample adding component keeps staying in the extended position;

[0019] When the extended locking tongue is separated from the extended locking groove, the adjusting slide block extends toward the direction close to the separate sample loading component, and the pushing protrusion pushes the separate sample loading component to slide from the extended position to the retracted position through the inclined slide groove.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a sample loading base, one end of the adjusting slider is fixedly provided with a telescopic guide rod, and the telescopic guide rod is slidably matched with the sample loading base; the telescopic guide rod is sleeved with a slider elastic part, and the two ends of the slider elastic part are respectively against the sample loading base and the adjusting slider; when the extended lock tongue is separated from the extended lock groove, the slider elastic part relies on the elastic force to push the adjusting slider to extend in the direction close to the separate sample loading component.

[0021] Preferably, the lock switching assembly further comprises:

[0022] A locking block push rod, the end of which has a roller follower;

[0023] When the locking block push rod is inserted from the retraction release hole provided on the sample loading base, the roller follower is embedded in the retraction guide groove provided on the retraction locking block, and the locking block push rod pushes the retraction locking block away from the adjusting slider, and the retraction lock tongue is separated from the retraction lock groove;

[0024] When the locking block push rod is inserted from the extension release hole of the sample loading base, the roller follower is embedded in the extension guide groove of the extension locking block, the locking block push rod pushes the extension locking block away from the adjusting slider, and the extension lock tongue is separated from the extension lock groove.

[0025] Preferably, the lock switching assembly further comprises:

[0026] The slider push rod is fixedly connected to the locking block push rod and is parallel to the locking block push rod; the locking block push rod is arranged beyond the slider push rod;

[0027] When the retracting lock tongue is separated from the retracting lock groove, the slider push rod is inserted from the push guide hole provided on the sample loading base, and the slider push rod pushes the regulating slider to retract in the direction away from the separate sample loading component.

[0028] Preferably, the lock switching assembly further comprises:

[0029] A switching mechanical arm, wherein a movable push plate is fixedly arranged at the end of the switching mechanical arm, and the movable push plate is respectively fixedly connected with the locking block push rod and the slider top push rod;

[0030] A switching controller, the switching controller is connected to the switching robot arm;

[0031] When the switching controller receives a separate sample loading instruction, the switching controller is used to determine whether the separate sample loading component has reached the extended position; if so, continue to determine whether the locking block push rod is inserted into the retraction release hole; if not, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod to insert into the retraction release hole until the retraction lock tongue of the retraction locking block is separated from the retraction lock groove of the adjusting slider under the push of the locking block push rod; the switching controller is also used to continue to determine whether the locking block push rod is inserted into the retraction release hole; if so, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod to withdraw from the retraction release hole; if not, the switching controller controls the switching mechanical arm to stop the action;

[0032] When the switching controller receives a batch loading instruction, the switching controller is used to determine whether the individual loading component has reached the retracted position; if so, continue to determine whether the locking block push rod is inserted into the extension release hole; if not, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching robot arm so that the switching robot arm drives the locking block push rod to insert into the extension release hole until the extension lock tongue of the extended locking block is separated from the extension lock groove of the adjusting slider under the push of the locking block push rod; the switching controller is also used to continue to determine whether the locking block push rod is inserted into the extension release hole; if so, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching robot arm so that the switching robot arm drives the locking block push rod to withdraw from the extension release hole; if not, the switching controller controls the switching robot arm to stop moving.

[0033] Preferably, the sample loading base is provided with a locking receiving groove for accommodating the locking switching assembly, and a locking guide plate is fixedly provided at the notch of the locking receiving groove; the locking switching assembly further comprises:

[0034] A retractable support plate, which is fixed to the top of the locking guide plate; a retractable guide rod is vertically arranged on the retractable support plate, and the retractable guide rod and the retractable locking block can be slidably matched;

[0035] The retractable elastic member is sleeved on the retractable guide rod and elastically abuts against the retractable locking block; when the push protrusion reaches the bottom end of the inclined slide groove, the retractable elastic member pushes the retractable locking block to slide until the retractable lock tongue abuts against the retractable lock groove;

[0036] An extension support plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the locking guide plate; an extension guide rod is vertically arranged on the extension support plate, and the extension guide rod and the extension locking block can be slidably matched;

[0037] The extending elastic member is sleeved on the extending guide rod and elastically abuts against the extending locking block; when the pushing protrusion reaches the top of the inclined slide groove, the extending elastic member pushes the extending locking block to slide until the extending lock tongue abuts against the extending lock groove.

[0038] Preferably, a retracted step surface and an extended step surface are respectively formed at both ends of the locking guide plate; when the retracted lock tongue abuts against the retracted lock groove, the retracted step surface is used to abut against the retracted locking block; when the extended lock tongue abuts against the extended lock groove, the extended step surface is used to abut against the extended locking block.

[0039] Preferably, both sides of the locking guide plate are respectively raised to form a retraction limit protrusion and an extension limit protrusion; perpendicular to the separate sample loading component, the retraction limit protrusion abuts against the retraction lock tongue, and the extension limit protrusion abuts against the extension lock tongue.

[0040] Preferably, the separate sample loading component comprises:

[0041] A separate sample loading slide, wherein a needle bar guide groove is provided in the separate sample loading slide, and a limited position boss is formed at the bottom of the needle bar guide groove;

[0042] A separate sample adding needle rod, which can be slidably inserted into the needle rod guide groove; a limit retaining ring is fixedly provided on the separate sample adding needle rod, and the limit retaining ring abuts against the limit boss;

[0043] The needle bar guide slider is fixedly arranged on the top of the separate sample loading slide seat, and the needle bar guide slider can be slidably arranged in the sample loading guide groove provided on the sample loading base; the needle bar guide slider is formed with a needle bar limiting hole, and the separate sample loading needle bar can slide through the needle bar limiting hole;

[0044] The buffer elastic member is sleeved on the separate sample adding needle rod, and the two ends of the buffer elastic member are respectively against the needle rod guide slide block and the limit retaining ring.

[0045] Compared with the background technology, the present invention adds a slidably matched individual sample addition component and a locking switching component; when the individual sample addition component reaches the retracted position, the locking switching component switches to the retracted locking state, and the locking switching component is used to limit the sliding of the individual sample addition component, so that the individual sample addition component remains in the retracted position. At this time, the sample addition parts of all batch sample addition needles exceed the setting of the individual sample addition component, so as to achieve batch sample addition. When the individual sample addition component is between the retracted position and the extended position, the locking switching component switches to the unlocked state, and the locking switching component is used to push the individual sample addition component to slide relative to the batch sample addition component, so that the individual sample addition component slides back and forth between the retracted position and the extended position, so as to adjust the relative position between the individual sample addition component and the batch sample addition component. When the individual sample addition component reaches the extended position, the locking switching component switches to the extended locking state, and the locking switching component is used to limit the individual sample addition component from continuing to slide, so that the individual sample addition component remains in the extended position, and at this time, the individual sample addition component exceeds the setting of the sample addition parts of all batch sample addition needles, so as to achieve individual sample addition.

[0046] The present invention optimizes the structure of the sample adder so that the sample adder can rely on batch sample adding components to achieve multiple sample adding tasks, and rely on separate sample adding components to achieve small sample adding and leak filling tasks. The types of tasks that can be completed are relatively rich, the application scenarios are increased, and the adaptability is effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a sample loading device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded diagram of

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the sample loading base and the adjustment slider;

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Assembly diagram of the middle locking switching assembly and the locking guide plate;

[0052] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Exploded diagram of

[0053] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a separate sample loading component;

[0054] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Exploded diagram of

[0055] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The main view;

[0056] Fig. 9 for Figure 1 A state diagram in which the locking switching component maintains a retracted locking state when the individual sample loading component is in a retracted position;

[0057] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Another view of;

[0058] Fig.11 for Fig. 9 Another view of;

[0059] Fig.12 for Figure 1 A state diagram of the middle locking switching component when it switches from a retracted locking state to an unlocked state;

[0060] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Another view of;

[0061] Fig.14 for Fig.12 Another view of;

[0062] Fig.15 for Figure 1 A state diagram of the slider pushing the adjusting slider when the middle locking switching assembly is in the unlocked state;

[0063] Fig.16 for Fig.15 Another view of;

[0064] Fig.17 for Fig.15 Another view of;

[0065] Fig.18 for Figure 1 A state diagram of the middle locking switching component when it switches from an unlocked state to an extended locked state;

[0066] Fig.19 for Fig.18 Another view of;

[0067] Fig. 20 for Fig.18 Another view of;

[0068] Fig.21 for Figure 1 A state diagram of the locking switching component when the separate sample adding component is in the extended position and the locking switching component is in the extended locked state;

[0069] Fig. 22 for Fig.18 Another view of;

[0070] Fig.23 for Fig.18 Another view of;

[0071] Fig.24 for Figure 1 A state diagram of the middle locking switching component when it switches from an extended locked state to an unlocked state;

[0072] Fig.25 for Fig.12 Another view of;

[0073] Fig.26 for Fig.12 Another view of;

[0074] Fig. 27 for Figure 1 A state diagram of the locking switching component switching from an unlocked state to a retracted locked state when the separate sample loading component is in a retracted position;

[0075] Fig.28 for Fig. 27 Another view of;

[0076] Fig.29 for Fig. 27 Another view of;

[0077] Fig.30 for Figure 1 A state diagram in which the locking switching component maintains a retracted locking state when the individual sample loading component is in a retracted position;

[0078] Fig.31 for Fig.30 Another view of;

[0079] Fig.32 for Fig.30 Another view of .

[0080] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0081] A separate sample loading component 1, a locking switch component 2 and a sample loading base 3;

[0082] A separate sample loading slide 101, a separate sample loading needle bar 102, a needle bar guide slider 103 and a buffer elastic member 104;

[0083] Inclined slide groove 1011 and needle bar guide groove 1012;

[0084] Limiting retaining ring 1021;

[0085] Needle bar limiting hole 1031;

[0086] Adjusting slider 201, retracting locking block 202, extending locking block 203, slider elastic member 204, locking block push rod 205, slider top push rod 206, movable push plate 207, retracting support plate 208, retracting elastic member 209, extending support plate 210 and extending elastic member 211;

[0087] A push-up protrusion 2011, a retractable locking groove 2012, an extended locking groove 2013 and a telescopic guide rod 2014;

[0088] Retracting locking tongue 2021 and retracting guide groove 2022;

[0089] Extend the locking tongue 2031 and the guide groove 2032;

[0090] Roller follower 2051;

[0091] Retract guide rod 2081;

[0092] Extend the guide rod 2101;

[0093] A retraction release hole 301, an extension release hole 302, a push guide hole 303, a locking receiving groove 304, a locking guide plate 305 and a sample adding guide groove 306;

[0094] Retraction step surface 3051 , extension step surface 3052 , retraction limit protrusion 3053 and extension limit protrusion 3054 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0096] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0097] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a sample adding instrument, as shown in the attached Figure 1As shown, it includes a batch loading component, a single loading component 1 and a locking switching component 2, the batch loading component is fixedly arranged, and the batch loading component includes a plurality of batch loading needle bars arranged in parallel. As a preferred embodiment, the loading base 3 is formed with a U-shaped mounting groove, and the bottom of the U-shaped mounting groove forms a plurality of batch loading pinholes, and all batch loading needle bars are installed in all batch loading pinholes one by one, and each batch loading needle bar is provided with a needle bar elastic member and a stopper clamp, the stopper clamp is fixedly arranged, and the needle bar elastic member and the stopper clamp are abutted, so that the batch loading needle bar relies on the elastic force of the needle bar elastic member to extend from the batch loading pinhole, and when loading in batches, the needle bar elastic member provides a buffer for the batch loading needle bar.

[0098] As attached Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the individual sample loading component 1 is slidably arranged relative to the batch sample loading component. The locking switching component 2 is slidably matched with the individual sample loading component 1, and the locking switching component 2 is used to switch the position of the individual sample loading component 1 and to lock the individual sample loading component 1 in a retracted position or an extended position. It should be noted that the working states of the locking switching component 2 include a retracted locking state, an extended locking state, and an unlocked state.

[0099] When the separate sample loading component 1 reaches the retracted position, Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the locking switching component 2 is switched to the retracted locking state. The locking switching component 2 is used to limit the sliding of the individual sample adding component 1 so that the individual sample adding component 1 remains in the retracted position. At this time, the adding parts of all batch sample adding needles are beyond the setting of the individual sample adding component 1, thereby realizing batch sample adding.

[0100] When the separate sample loading component 1 is between the retracted position and the extended position, as shown in the attached Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the locking switching component 2 is switched to the unlocking state, and the locking switching component 2 is used to push the individual sample loading component 1 to slide relative to the batch sample loading component, so that the individual sample loading component 1 slides back and forth between the retracted position and the extended position, and the position of the individual sample loading component 1 is adjusted by adjusting the relative position between the individual sample loading component 1 and the batch sample loading component.

[0101] When the separate sample loading component 1 reaches the extended position, Figures 15 to 17 As shown, the locking switching component 2 is switched to the extended locking state. The locking switching component 2 is used to limit the individual sample addition component 1 from continuing to slide, so that the individual sample addition component 1 remains in the extended position. At this time, the individual sample addition component 1 exceeds the sample addition position setting of all batch sample addition needle rods to achieve individual sample addition.

[0102] In summary, the present invention optimizes the structure of the sample adder so that the sample adding processes of the batch sample adding component and the single sample adding component 1 are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other. The batch sample adding component can be used to implement multiple sample adding tasks, and the single sample adding component 1 can be used to implement a small amount of sample adding and leak filling tasks. The types of tasks that can be completed are relatively rich, the application scenarios are increased, and the adaptability is effectively improved.

[0103] As attached Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the locking switch assembly 2 includes an adjusting slider 201, a retracting locking block 202 and an extending locking block 203. The adjusting slider 201 is retractably arranged perpendicular to the sliding direction of the separate sample loading assembly 1. Figure 1 The coordinate system shown is used as the reference, the sliding direction of the separate sample loading component 1 is the Z-axis direction, and the adjustment slider 201 is extended and retracted along the Y-axis direction.

[0104] The adjusting slider 201 is provided with a push protrusion 2011 at an angle, and the side of the individual sample adding component 1 facing the adjusting slider 201 is provided with an inclined chute 1011, and the push protrusion 2011 and the inclined chute 1011 can be slidably matched. When the push protrusion 2011 moves along the Y-axis direction with the adjusting slider 201, the push protrusion 2011 provides a push force for the individual sample adding component 1 through the inclined chute 1011, and pushes the individual sample adding component 1 to move along the Z-axis direction relative to the batch sample adding component. The inclination angles of the push protrusion 2011 and the inclined chute 1011 are adaptively adjusted based on the extension length of the individual sample adding component 1. The larger the extension length, the larger the inclination angle, which is not specifically limited here.

[0105] The retracting locking block 202 and the extending locking block 203 are parallel to each other, and the two are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the adjusting slide 201. The retracting locking block 202 is scalable and arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the independent sample adding component 1, that is, the retracting locking block 202 is scalable and arranged along the Z axis direction. The retracting locking block 202 has a retracting locking tongue 2021 on one side facing the adjusting slide 201, and the adjusting slide 201 is provided with a retracting locking groove 2012, and the retracting locking tongue 2021 cooperates with the retracting locking groove 2012. The extending locking block 203 is scalable and arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the independent sample adding component 1, that is, the extending locking block 203 is scalable and arranged along the Z axis direction. The extending locking block 203 has an extending locking tongue 2031, and the adjusting slide 201 is provided with an extending locking groove 2013, and the extending locking tongue 2031 cooperates with the extending locking groove 2013. Specifically, the retracting lock slot 2012 and the extending lock slot 2013 are respectively disposed on the same side of the adjusting slider 201 and are distributed up and down and extend relatively along two opposite sides of the adjusting slider 201. The length of the extending lock slot 2013 is greater than the length of the retracting lock slot 2012.

[0106] When the separate sample loading assembly 1 reaches the retracted position, the retracted locking tongue 2021 abuts against the retracted locking groove 2012. Figures 9 to 11 As shown, at this time, the working state of the locking switching component 2 is the retracted locking state, and the pushing protrusion 2011 remains in cooperation with the bottom end of the inclined slide groove 1011, limiting the sliding of the individual sample loading component 1, so that the individual sample loading component 1 remains in the retracted position, ensuring that the loading parts of all batch loading needle rods of the batch loading component are beyond the setting of the individual sample loading component 1, thereby realizing batch loading.

[0107] When the retracted lock tongue 2021 is separated from the retracted lock groove 2012, the working state of the lock switching assembly 2 is the unlocking state. Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the adjusting slider 201 retracts in the direction away from the individual sample loading component 1 under the push of the slider pushing rod 206, and the pushing protrusion 2011 moves along the Y axis with the adjusting slider 201. The pushing protrusion 2011 pushes the individual sample loading component 1 to slide downward from the retracted position to the extended position along the Z axis through the inclined slide groove 1011 until it reaches the extended position.

[0108] When the separate sample loading assembly 1 reaches the extended position, the extended locking tongue 2031 abuts against the extended locking groove 2013. Figures 15 to 23 As shown, at this time, the working state of the locking switching component 2 is the extended locking state, and the pushing protrusion 2011 remains in cooperation with the top end of the inclined slide groove 1011, limiting the sliding of the individual sample addition component 1, so that the individual sample addition component 1 remains in the extended position, ensuring that the individual sample addition component 1 exceeds the sample addition position setting of all batch sample addition needle rods of the batch sample addition component, thereby realizing individual sample addition.

[0109] When the extended lock tongue 2031 is separated from the extended lock slot 2013, the working state of the lock switching assembly 2 is the unlocking state. Figures 24 to 26 As shown, the adjusting slider 201 is pushed by the slider elastic member 204 to extend toward the direction close to the individual sample loading component 1, and the pushing protrusion 2011 moves leftward along the Y axis along the adjusting slider 201. The pushing protrusion 2011 pushes the individual sample loading component 1 to slide upward along the Z axis from the extended position to the retracted position through the inclined slide groove 1011 until it reaches the retracted position, as shown in the attached Figures 27 to 32 shown.

[0110] As attached Figure 2 and 3As shown, the sample loading instrument includes a sample loading base 3, a telescopic guide rod 2014 is fixed at one end of the adjustment slider 201, and the telescopic guide rod 2014 can slide with the sample loading base 3, and a guide slot is provided on the side of the sample loading base 3 away from the separate sample loading component 1, and the telescopic guide rod 2014 can be slidably inserted in the guide slot to guide the adjustment slider 201 to slide back and forth along the Y axis direction. The telescopic guide rod 2014 is sleeved with a slider elastic member 204, and the two ends of the slider elastic member 204 are respectively against the sample loading base 3 and the adjustment slider 201. When the extended lock tongue 2031 is against the extended lock slot 2013, the slider elastic member 204 is connected between the sample loading base 3 and the adjustment slider 201; when the extended lock tongue 2031 is separated from the extended lock slot 2013, the slider elastic member 204 restores elastic deformation to provide thrust for adjusting sliding, so that the slider elastic member 204 relies on elastic force to push the adjustment slider 201 to extend in the direction close to the separate sample loading component 1. When the lock switch assembly 2 is in the unlocked state, the slider elastic member 204 can make the adjustment slider 201 automatically slide the individual sample loading assembly 1 from the retracted position to the extended position, without the need for a separate driving member such as a push rod, thereby simplifying the structure. The slider elastic member 204 is preferably a common cylindrical spring, but is not limited thereto.

[0111] The locking switching assembly 2 also includes a locking block push rod 205 , the end of which has a roller follower 2051 . The retractable locking block 202 is provided with a retractable guide groove 2022 , and the roller follower 2051 can roll along the retractable guide groove 2022 .

[0112] When the locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the retraction release hole 301 provided on the sample loading base 3, as shown in the attached Figures 12 to 17 As shown, the roller follower 2051 is embedded in the retraction guide groove 2022 provided in the retraction locking block 202. Under the guidance of the retraction guide groove 2022, the locking block push rod 205 pushes the retraction locking block 202 away from the adjusting slider 201, and the retraction lock tongue 2021 is separated from the retraction lock groove 2012. The locking switching assembly 2 switches from the retraction locking state to the unlocking state. The adjusting slider 201 is retracted in the direction away from the separate sample loading assembly 1 under the push of the slider push rod 206. The push protrusion 2011 pushes the separate sample loading assembly 1 to slide downward along the Z axis from the retracted position to the extended position through the inclined slide groove 1011 until the separate sample loading assembly 1 reaches the extended position.

[0113] When the locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the extension release hole 302 provided on the sample loading base 3, as shown in the attached Figures 24 to 29As shown, the roller follower 2051 is embedded in the extension guide groove 2032 provided in the extension locking block 203. Under the guidance of the extension guide groove 2032, the locking block push rod 205 pushes the extension locking block 203 away from the adjusting slider 201, and the extension lock tongue 2031 is separated from the extension lock groove 2013. The locking switching component 2 is switched from the extended locking state to the unlocked state. The adjusting slider 201 is pushed toward the direction close to the separate sample loading component 1 by the slider elastic member 204. The push protrusion 2011 pushes the separate sample loading component 1 to slide upward along the Z axis from the extended position to the retracted position through the inclined slide groove 1011 until the separate sample loading component 1 reaches the retracted position.

[0114] As attached Figures 12 to 17 As shown, the locking switching assembly 2 also includes a slider push rod 206, which is fixedly connected to the locking block push rod 205 and parallel to the locking block push rod 205. However, it should be noted that the locking block push rod 205 is arranged beyond the slider push rod 206. When the retracting lock tongue 2021 is separated from the retracting lock groove 2012, the slider push rod 206 is inserted from the push guide hole 303 provided on the sample loading base 3, and the slider push rod 206 pushes the adjustment slider 201 to retract in the direction away from the separate sample loading assembly 1, ensuring that the slider push rod 206 can just push the adjustment slider 201 to move leftward along the Y-axis direction and retract to return to the original position when the locking switching assembly 2 is switched to the unlocked state. In this way, the slider push rod 206 and the locking block push rod 205 can share a set of drives, without the need to separately set up a drive component, which is conducive to simplifying the structure of the entire set of equipment and reducing production costs.

[0115] In order to achieve precise control, the locking switching assembly 2 further includes a switching mechanical arm and a switching controller. A movable push plate 207 is fixedly disposed at the end of the switching mechanical arm. The movable push plate 207 is respectively fixedly connected to the locking block push rod 205 and the slider push rod 206. As a preferred embodiment, the locking block push rod 205 and the slider push rod 206 are both fixedly disposed vertically on the same side of the movable push plate 207. The switching controller is connected to the switching mechanical arm.

[0116] When the switching controller receives the separate sample loading instruction, the switching controller determines whether the separate sample loading component 1 reaches the extended position; if so, it continues to determine whether the locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the retraction release hole 301; if not, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod 205 to insert the retraction release hole 301 until the retraction lock tongue 2021 of the retraction locking block 202 is separated from the retraction lock groove 2012 of the adjusting slider 201 under the push of the locking block push rod 205, and the locking switching component 2 is switched from the retraction locking state to the unlocking state, and the adjusting slider 201 is retracted in the direction away from the separate sample loading component 1 under the push of the slider push rod 206, and the push protrusion 2011 pushes the separate sample loading component 1 to slide downward along the Z axis from the retracted position to the extended position through the inclined slide groove 1011, until the separate sample loading component 1 automatically reaches the extended position.

[0117] The switching controller also continues to determine whether the locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the retraction release hole 301; if so, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching robot arm so that the switching robot arm drives the locking block push rod 205 to withdraw from the retraction release hole 301; if not, the switching controller controls the switching robot arm to stop moving.

[0118] When the switching controller receives the batch loading instruction, the switching controller is used to determine whether the individual loading component 1 reaches the retracted position; if so, continue to determine whether the locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the extension release hole 302; if not, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod 205 to insert the extension release hole 302 until the extension lock tongue 2031 of the extended locking block 203 is separated from the extension lock groove 2013 of the adjusting slider 201 under the push of the locking block push rod 205, and the locking switching component 2 is switched from the extended locking state to the unlocked state, and the adjusting slider 201 is pushed toward the direction close to the individual loading component 1 by the slider elastic member 204, and the push protrusion 2011 pushes the individual loading component 1 to slide from the extended position to the retracted position along the Z axis through the inclined slide groove 1011 until the individual loading component 1 automatically reaches the retracted position.

[0119] The switching controller also continues to determine whether the locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the extension release hole 302; if so, the switching controller adjusts the posture of the switching robot arm so that the switching robot arm drives the locking block push rod 205 to exit the extension release hole 302; if not, the switching controller controls the switching robot arm to stop moving.

[0120] The present invention adopts an electric control module composed of a switching mechanical arm and a switching controller to realize automatic adjustment of the position of the individual sample adding component 1, and both the adjustment accuracy and the adjustment efficiency are high.

[0121] As attached Figures 3 to 5As shown, the locking switch component 2 in the present invention adopts an embedded design, and the sample loading base 3 is provided with a locking receiving groove 304 for accommodating the locking switch component 2. The notch of the locking receiving groove 304 is fixed with a locking guide plate 305, and the locking guide plate 305 is used to guide the locking switch component 2 to slide in the locking receiving groove 304.

[0122] The locking switching assembly 2 further includes a retracting support plate 208, a retracting elastic member 209, an extending support plate 210 and an extending elastic member 211. The retracting support plate 208 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the locking guide plate 305, and the extending support plate 210 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the locking guide plate 305, and the retracting support plate 208 and the extending support plate 210 are parallel and opposite to each other. The retracting support plate 208 is formed with a lower limit boss protruding on one side of the locking guide plate 305, and the lower limit boss cooperates with the upper limit groove provided at the top end of the locking guide plate 305, and limits the movement of the retracting support plate 208 relative to the locking guide plate 305 along the X-axis direction, ensuring that the retracting support plate 208 is reliably fixed. Similarly, an upper limit boss is formed on one side of the extended support plate 210 protruding toward the locking guide plate 305, and the upper limit boss cooperates with the lower limit groove set at the bottom end of the locking guide plate 305 to limit the movement of the extended support plate 210 relative to the locking guide plate 305 along the X-axis direction, ensuring that the extended support plate 210 is reliably fixed.

[0123] The retracting support plate 208 is vertically provided with a retracting guide rod 2081, and the retracting guide rod 2081 can slide with the retracting locking block 202 along the Z-axis direction. The extending support plate 210 is vertically provided with an extending guide rod 2101, and the extending guide rod 2101 can slide with the extending locking block 203 along the Z-axis direction. As a preferred embodiment, a retracting guide rod 2081 is respectively provided on both sides of the retracting support plate 208 to ensure that the two ends of the retracting locking block 202 are evenly stressed, so as to avoid the retracting locking block 202 from being stuck in the Z-axis direction. A extending guide rod 2101 is also respectively provided on both sides of the extending support plate 210 to ensure that the two ends of the extending locking block 203 are evenly stressed, so as to avoid the extending locking block 203 from being stuck in the Z-axis direction.

[0124] The retracting elastic member 209 is sleeved on the retracting guide rod 2081 and elastically abuts against the retracting locking block 202. When the locking block push rod 205 pushes the retracting locking block 202 away from the adjusting slider 201, the retracting elastic member 209 is squeezed and deformed. When the pushing protrusion 2011 reaches the bottom of the inclined slide groove 1011, the retracting elastic member 209 restores its elastic deformation, and the retracting elastic member 209 pushes the retracting locking block 202 to slide automatically by elastic force until the retracting locking tongue 2021 abuts against the retracting locking groove 2012, and the locking switching assembly 2 switches to the retracting locking state.

[0125] The extending elastic member 211 is sleeved on the extending guide rod 2101 and elastically abuts against the extending locking block 203. When the locking block push rod 205 pushes the extending locking block 203 away from the adjusting slider 201, the extending elastic member 211 is squeezed and deformed. When the pushing protrusion 2011 reaches the top of the inclined slide groove 1011, the extending elastic member 211 restores its elastic deformation, and the extending elastic member 211 pushes the extending locking block 203 to slide by elastic force until the extending lock tongue 2031 abuts against the extending lock groove 2013, and the locking switching assembly 2 switches to the extending locking state.

[0126] The arrangement of the retracting elastic member 209 and the extending elastic member 211 can automatically lock the adjusting slider 201 when the adjusting slider 201 moves to the retracted position or the extended position, without the need for an additional driving member, making the operation more convenient and the structure simpler.

[0127] As attached Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the two ends of the locking guide plate 305 are respectively formed with a retracting step surface 3051 and an extending step surface 3052; when the retracting lock tongue 2021 abuts against the retracting lock groove 2012, the retracting step surface 3051 abuts against the retracting locking block 202, thereby limiting the position of the retracting locking block 202 and preventing the retracting lock tongue 2021 from being embedded in the retracting lock groove 2012 too deeply. When the extending lock tongue 2031 abuts against the extending lock groove 2013, the extending step surface 3052 is used to abut against the extending locking block 203, thereby limiting the position of the extending locking block 203 and preventing the extending lock tongue 2031 from being embedded in the extending lock groove 2013 too deeply. The locking guide plate 305 can not only provide guidance for the sliding of the adjusting slider 201, but also limit the adjusting slider 201 from being separated from the retracting locking block 202 and the extending locking block 203.

[0128] As attached Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the two sides of the locking guide plate 305 are respectively protruded to form a retraction limit protrusion 3053 and an extension limit protrusion 3054; perpendicular to the separate sample loading component 1, that is, in the Y-axis direction, the retraction limit protrusion 3053 abuts against the retraction lock tongue 2021, and the extension limit protrusion 3054 abuts against the extension lock tongue 2031, so as to prevent the retraction locking block 202 and the extension locking block 203 from moving along the Z-axis direction so that the retraction lock tongue 2021 cannot be aligned with the retraction lock groove 2012, or the extension lock tongue 2031 cannot be aligned with the extension lock groove 2013.

[0129] As attached Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the individual sample loading assembly 1 includes an individual sample loading slide 101 , an individual sample loading needle bar 102 , a needle bar guide slider 103 and a buffer elastic member 104 .

[0130] A needle bar guide groove 1012 is provided in the separate sample loading slide 101, and a limiting boss is formed at the bottom of the needle bar guide groove 1012. The separate sample loading needle bar 102 is slidably inserted in the needle bar guide groove 1012 along the Z axis. A limiting retaining ring 1021 is fixed to the separate sample loading needle bar 102, and the limiting retaining ring 1021 abuts against the limiting boss to limit the separate sample loading needle bar 102 from leaving the separate sample loading slide 101 along the Z axis.

[0131] The needle bar guide slider 103 is fixed on the top of the separate sample loading slide 101, and the needle bar guide slider 103 can be slidably arranged in the sample loading guide groove 306 provided on the sample loading base 3, so that the sample loading guide groove 306 cooperates with the locking guide plate 305 to guide the separate sample loading slide 101 to slide along the Z axis. The needle bar guide slider 103 is fixed on the top of the separate sample loading slide 101 by means of a fastening screw. It should be noted that a waist-shaped recessed groove is formed on the top of the needle bar guide slider 103 for accommodating the head of the fastening screw.

[0132] The needle bar guide slider 103 is formed with a needle bar limiting hole 1031, through which the individual sample adding needle bar 102 can slide, limit the radial swing of the needle bar limiting hole 1031, and limit the rotation of the needle bar limiting hole 1031 around its own center, so that the individual sample adding needle bar 102 moves up and down along the needle bar limiting hole 1031. The needle bar limiting hole 1031 is preferably a semicircular hole, but is not limited thereto.

[0133] The buffer elastic member 104 is sleeved on the separate sample adding needle rod 102, and the two ends of the buffer elastic member 104 are respectively against the needle rod guide slider 103 and the limit retaining ring 1021, which is used to provide buffering for the separate sample adding needle rod 102 during separate sample adding, so as to prevent the separate sample adding needle rod 102 from being damaged due to excessive impact. The buffer elastic member 104 is specifically a common cylindrical spring, which is not specifically limited here.

[0134] The working principle of the sample adding device provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0135] When the separate sample loading component 1 reaches the retracted position, Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the retracting lock tongue 2021 abuts against the retracting lock groove 2012. At this time, the working state of the locking switching component 2 is the retracted locking state, and the pushing protrusion 2011 keeps cooperating with the bottom end of the inclined slide groove 1011, limiting the sliding of the individual sample adding component 1, so that the individual sample adding component 1 remains in the retracted position, ensuring that the sample adding parts of all batch sample adding needle rods of the batch sample adding component are beyond the setting of the individual sample adding component 1, thereby realizing batch sample adding.

[0136] Insert the locking block push rod 205 from the retraction release hole 301 provided on the sample loading base 3, as shown in the attached Figures 12 to 14As shown, the roller follower 2051 is embedded in the retraction guide groove 2022 provided in the retraction locking block 202. Under the guidance of the retraction guide groove 2022, the locking block push rod 205 pushes the retraction locking block 202 to move up and away from the adjusting slider 201, and the retraction lock tongue 2021 is separated from the retraction lock groove 2012, and the locking switching assembly 2 is switched from the retraction locking state to the unlocking state; at the same time, the slider push rod 206 is inserted from the push guide hole 303 provided in the sample loading base 3, and the adjusting slider 201 is pushed by the slider push rod 206 to retract in the direction away from the separate sample loading assembly 1, and the push protrusion 2011 pushes the separate sample loading assembly 1 to slide downward along the Z axis from the retracted position to the extended position through the inclined slide groove 1011 until the separate sample loading assembly 1 reaches the extended position.

[0137] When the individual sample adding component 1 reaches the extended position, the extended locking tongue 2031 abuts against the extended locking groove 2013. At this time, the working state of the locking switching component 2 is the extended locking state, and the pushing protrusion 2011 keeps cooperating with the top end of the inclined slide groove 1011, limiting the sliding of the individual sample adding component 1, so that the individual sample adding component 1 remains in the extended position, ensuring that the individual sample adding component 1 exceeds the sample adding position setting of all batch sample adding needle rods of the batch sample adding component, thereby realizing individual sample adding.

[0138] The locking block push rod 205 is inserted into the extension release hole 302 provided on the sample loading base 3, and the roller follower 2051 is embedded in the extension guide groove 2032 provided on the extension locking block 203. Under the guidance of the extension guide groove 2032, the locking block push rod 205 pushes the extension locking block 203 away from the adjusting slider 201, and the extension lock tongue 2031 is separated from the extension lock groove 2013. The locking switching assembly 2 is switched from the extended locking state to the unlocked state. The adjusting slider 201 is pushed toward the direction close to the separate sample loading assembly 1 by the slider elastic member 204, and the push protrusion 2011 pushes the separate sample loading assembly 1 to slide from the extended position to the retracted position along the Z axis through the inclined slide groove 1011 until the separate sample loading assembly 1 reaches the retracted position.

[0139] It should be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity from other entities, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0140] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sample adding instrument, characterized in that: include: A batch sample addition component, the batch sample addition component comprises a plurality of batch sample addition needle rods arranged in parallel; A separate sample loading component (1), wherein the separate sample loading component (1) is slidably arranged; A locking switch component (2), wherein the locking switch component (2) and the separate sample adding component (1) are slidably matched; When the individual sample loading component (1) reaches the retracted position, the locking switching component (2) switches to the retracted locking state, the locking switching component (2) is used to limit the sliding of the individual sample loading component (1), and the loading positions of all the batch loading needle rods are beyond the setting of the individual sample loading component (1), thereby realizing batch loading; When the individual sample loading component (1) is between the retracted position and the extended position, the locking switching component (2) switches to an unlocked state, and the locking switching component (2) is used to push the individual sample loading component (1) to slide relative to the batch sample loading component; When the individual sample loading component (1) reaches the extended position, the locking switching component (2) switches to the extended locking state, and the locking switching component (2) is used to restrict the individual sample loading component (1) from continuing to slide, and the individual sample loading component (1) exceeds the sample loading position setting of all the batch sample loading needle rods, thereby realizing individual sample loading.

2. The sample loading instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking switching component (2) comprises: An adjusting slider (201), the adjusting slider (201) being telescopically arranged perpendicular to the sliding direction of the separate sample loading component (1); the adjusting slider (201) being obliquely provided with a pushing protrusion (2011), the pushing protrusion (2011) being slidably matched with an inclined sliding groove (1011) provided on the separate sample loading component (1); a retractable locking block (202), the retractable locking block (202) being arranged to be retractable and parallel to the sliding direction of the separate sample loading component (1); the retractable locking block (202) having a retractable locking tongue (2021), the retractable locking tongue (2021) being matched with a retractable locking groove (212) provided on the adjusting slider (201); An extending locking block (203), the extending locking block (203) being retractably arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the separate sample loading component (1); the extending locking block (203) having an extending locking tongue (2031), the extending locking tongue (2031) cooperating with an extending locking groove (213) provided on the adjusting slider (201); When the separate sample loading component (1) reaches the retracted position, the retracted locking tongue (2021) abuts against the retracted locking groove (2012), the pushing protrusion (2011) remains engaged with the bottom end of the inclined sliding groove (1011), and the separate sample loading component (1) remains in the retracted position; When the retractable locking tongue (2021) is separated from the retractable locking groove (212), the adjusting slider (201) retracts in a direction away from the separate sample loading component (1), and the pushing protrusion (2011) pushes the separate sample loading component (1) to slide from the retracted position to the extended position via the inclined sliding groove (1011); When the separate sample loading component (1) reaches the extended position, the extended locking tongue (2031) abuts against the extended locking groove (2013), the pushing protrusion (2011) remains in engagement with the topmost end of the inclined sliding groove (1011), and the separate sample loading component (1) remains in the extended position; When the extended locking tongue (2031) is separated from the extended locking groove (2013), the adjusting slider (201) extends in a direction close to the separate sample loading component (1), and the pushing protrusion (2011) pushes the separate sample loading component (1) to slide from the extended position to the retracted position via the inclined sliding groove (1011).

3. The sample loading instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a sample loading base (3); a telescopic guide rod (214) is fixedly provided at one end of the adjusting slider (201); the telescopic guide rod (214) and the sample loading base (3) are slidably matched; a slider elastic member (204) is sleeved on the telescopic guide rod (214); two ends of the slider elastic member (204) are respectively against the sample loading base (3) and the adjusting slider (201); when the extending lock tongue (2031) is separated from the extending lock groove (213), the slider elastic member (204) pushes the adjusting slider (201) to extend in a direction close to the separate sample loading component (1) by means of elastic force.

4. The sample loading instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking switching component (2) further comprises: A locking block push rod (205), wherein the end of the locking block push rod (205) has a roller follower (2051); When the locking block push rod (205) is inserted from the retraction release hole (301) provided on the sample loading base (3), the roller follower (2051) is embedded in the retraction guide groove (2022) provided on the retraction locking block (202), the locking block push rod (205) pushes the retraction locking block (202) away from the adjustment slider (201), and the retraction locking tongue (221) is separated from the retraction locking groove (212); When the locking block push rod (205) is inserted from the extension release hole (302) provided on the sample loading base (3), the roller follower (2051) is embedded in the extension guide groove (2032) provided on the extension locking block (203), the locking block push rod (205) pushes the extension locking block (203) away from the adjustment slider (201), and the extension lock tongue (2031) is separated from the extension lock groove (2013).

5. The sample loading instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking switching component (2) further comprises: A slider push rod (206), the slider push rod (206) being fixedly connected to the locking block push rod (205) and parallel to the locking block push rod (205); the locking block push rod (205) being arranged beyond the slider push rod (206); When the retractable locking tongue (2021) is separated from the retractable locking groove (2012), the slider push rod (206) is inserted into the push guide hole (303) provided on the sample loading base (3), and the slider push rod (206) pushes the adjustment slider (201) to retract in a direction away from the separate sample loading component (1).

6. The sample loading instrument according to claim 5, characterized in that: The locking switching component (2) further comprises: A switching mechanical arm, wherein a movable push plate (207) is fixedly provided at the end of the switching mechanical arm, and the movable push plate (207) is respectively fixedly connected to the locking block push rod (205) and the slider push rod (206); A switching controller, the switching controller is connected to the switching mechanical arm; When the switching controller receives a separate sample loading instruction, the switching controller is used to determine whether the separate sample loading component (1) has reached the extended position; if so, continue to determine whether the locking block push rod (205) is inserted into the retraction release hole (301); if not, the switching controller adjusts the position of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod (205) to insert into the retraction release hole (301) until the retraction lock tongue (2021) of the retraction locking block (202) is separated from the retraction lock groove (2012) of the adjustment slider (201) under the push of the locking block push rod (205); the switching controller is also used to continue to determine whether the locking block push rod (205) is inserted into the retraction release hole (301); if so, the switching controller adjusts the position of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod (205) to withdraw from the retraction release hole (301); if not, the switching controller controls the switching mechanical arm to stop moving; When the switching controller receives a batch loading instruction, the switching controller is used to determine whether the individual loading assembly (1) has reached the retracted position; if so, the switching controller continues to determine whether the locking block push rod (205) is inserted into the extension release hole (302); if not, the switching controller adjusts the position of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod (205) to insert into the extension release hole (302) until the extension lock tongue (2031) of the extension locking block (203) is separated from the extension lock groove (2013) of the adjustment slider (201) under the push of the locking block push rod (205); the switching controller is also used to continue to determine whether the locking block push rod (205) is inserted into the extension release hole (302); if so, the switching controller adjusts the position of the switching mechanical arm so that the switching mechanical arm drives the locking block push rod (205) to withdraw from the extension release hole (302); if not, the switching controller controls the switching mechanical arm to stop moving.

7. The sample loading instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sample loading base (3) is provided with a locking receiving groove (304) for receiving the locking switching assembly (2), and a locking guide plate (305) is fixedly provided at the notch of the locking receiving groove (304); the locking switching assembly (2) further comprises: A retractable support plate (208), the retractable support plate (208) being fixedly arranged on the top end of the locking guide plate (305); a retractable guide rod (2081) being vertically arranged on the retractable support plate (208), the retractable guide rod (2081) being slidably matched with the retractable locking block (202); a retractable elastic member (209), wherein the retractable elastic member (209) is sleeved on the retractable guide rod (2081) and elastically abuts against the retractable locking block (202); when the pushing protrusion (2011) reaches the bottom end of the inclined sliding groove (1011), the retractable elastic member (209) pushes the retractable locking block (202) to slide until the retractable locking tongue (2021) abuts against the retractable locking groove (212); An extending support plate (210), wherein the extending support plate (210) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the locking guide plate (305); the extending support plate (210) is vertically provided with an extending guide rod (2101), and the extending guide rod (2101) is slidably matched with the extending locking block (203); An extending elastic member (211) is sleeved on the extending guide rod (2101) and elastically abuts against the extending locking block (203); when the pushing protrusion (2011) reaches the top of the inclined slide groove (1011), the extending elastic member (211) pushes the extending locking block (203) to slide until the extending locking tongue (2031) abuts against the extending locking groove (2013).

8. The sample loading instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that: A retracted step surface (3051) and an extended step surface (3052) are respectively formed at both ends of the locking guide plate (305); when the retracted lock tongue (2021) abuts against the retracted lock groove (2012), the retracted step surface (3051) is used to abut against the retracted locking block (202); when the extended lock tongue (2031) abuts against the extended lock groove (2013), the extended step surface (3052) is used to abut against the extended locking block (203).

9. The sample loading instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking guide plate (305) has protrusions on both sides to form a retraction limit protrusion (3053) and an extension limit protrusion (3054); perpendicular to the separate sample loading component (1), the retraction limit protrusion (3053) abuts against the retraction lock tongue (2021), and the extension limit protrusion (3054) abuts against the extension lock tongue (2031).

10. The sample loading instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The separate sample loading component (1) comprises: A separate sample loading slide (101), wherein a needle bar guide groove (1012) is provided in the separate sample loading slide (101), and a limiting boss is formed at the groove bottom of the needle bar guide groove (1012); A separate sample loading needle bar (102), wherein the separate sample loading needle bar (102) can be slidably inserted into the needle bar guide groove (1012); the separate sample loading needle bar (102) is fixedly provided with a limit retaining ring (1021), wherein the limit retaining ring (1021) abuts against the limit boss; A needle bar guide slider (103), the needle bar guide slider (103) being fixedly arranged on the top of the separate sample loading slide (101), the needle bar guide slider (103) being slidably arranged in a sample loading guide groove (306) provided on the sample loading base (3); the needle bar guide slider (103) being formed with a needle bar limiting hole (1031), the separate sample loading needle bar (102) being slidable through the needle bar limiting hole (1031); A buffer elastic member (104), wherein the buffer elastic member (104) is sleeved on the separate sample adding needle rod (102), and two ends of the buffer elastic member (104) are respectively against the needle rod guide slider (103) and the limit retaining ring (1021).

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