BIM-based parameterized steel staircase family design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM-based parameterized steel stair family design method, and relates to the technical field of building design, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, family classification; s2, family nesting: determining a layer-by-layer nesting relationship of a steel stair main family, a component family and a component family according to the step S1; s3, transmitting and constraining family parameters; s4, family design, wherein family design is carried out in a layer-by-layer upward nesting mode from the component family; and S5, family application. According to the parameterization design method for the steel staircase family, multiple nested families are adopted, multi-level parameters are automatically linked, and the problem that existing various BIM design software does not have parameterization steel staircase families is solved through innovative thinking and optimization design. By adopting the achievement of the invention, a common designer only needs to simply input a small amount of main parameters to realize rapid and accurate modeling of the parameterized steel staircase, and the design efficiency of the building information model with the steel staircase can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of architectural design, and more specifically to the technical field of a BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method. Background Art

[0002] Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is a digital building design and construction method that uses three-dimensional models to integrate the geometry, materials, cost, time and other related data of the building project to improve the efficiency, accuracy and collaboration of the project. Building information modeling has been gradually applied to the design, review, construction, operation and maintenance of the construction field, among which design is the key link.

[0003] In the BIM design process, family technology is an important tool to effectively improve work efficiency. Taking the Autodesk Revit software environment as an example, ordinary designers can call families to quickly arrange a large number of columns, beams, floor slabs, doors, windows, concrete stairs and other components in the building model they designed, and quickly complete the modeling work.

[0004] However, when designing industrial buildings and other types of buildings that use a large number of steel stairs, the design efficiency will be greatly reduced. The reason is that the various existing BIM design software does not have built-in parametric steel staircase families. Many professional software companies believe that it is very difficult and therefore have no R&D plans. Ordinary designers can only build steel staircase models by themselves. For industrial buildings with complex floor relationships, the consistency of floor heights is low, and the size and shape of steel stairs are inconsistent, so the degree of reuse is very low, and designers can only model them one by one; specifically, the design of each steel staircase is difficult because the components that make up the staircase are multi-level, multi-type, and complex in relationship, which is an important reason for reducing design efficiency.

[0005] At present, various existing BIM design software basically has built-in parametric concrete staircase families as system families. By analyzing the characteristics of concrete staircase families in various software, it can be found that: it uses a single material, has a simple relationship between external dimensions, and can achieve parametric design using simple parameter control.

[0006] On the contrary, steel stairs are composed of a variety of components, including steel ladder beams, steel ladder treads, steel platform plates, steel railings, etc. Steel ladder treads, steel platform plates, and steel railings are composed of components of various shapes, styles, and materials. The relationship between the components is very complex. Without a thorough understanding of the relationship between the components and sophisticated mathematical analysis, it is difficult to control the design with simple parameters. At present, designers in the industry use the original design method of building components one by one, which has huge labor costs and time losses. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that various existing BIM design softwares do not have parameterized steel staircase families. The present invention provides a BIM-based parameterized steel staircase family design method. Based on BIM technology, multiple nested families are adopted, and the method of automatically linking multi-level parameters solves the design problem of parameterized steel staircase families.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Family classification: The steel staircase family is divided into three levels: steel staircase main family, component family, and member family. The steel staircase main family is composed of component families based on mutual constraints, and the component family is composed of member families based on mutual constraints.

[0011] S2, nesting of families: according to step S1, the nesting relationship of the steel staircase main family, component family, and member family is determined layer by layer;

[0012] S3. Transfer and constraints of family parameters:

[0013] The first-layer nested component families of the steel stair main family include the steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform family. The main parameters of the steel stair main family are defined, and the parameters that control the external dimensions and placement of the component family are defined. The interdependence and constraints of various parameters are studied and determined. According to the constraint relationship between the main parameters of the steel stair main family and the component family parameters, the external dimensions and placement of the steel ladder beam family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform family are determined. The steel railing family uses the system family that comes with the software and can be arranged along the edge of the stair beam. The steel ladder tread family and steel platform family are composed of the second-layer nested basic component family, and the basic component family uses the system family that comes with the 3D design software.

[0014] S4. Family design: Start with the design analysis of the basic component family, assemble the basic component family into a component family, and then nest and assemble the steel staircase main family layer by layer based on the parameter constraint relationship;

[0015] S41. Basic component family design: The basic component family directly adopts the system families such as channel steel and steel pipe provided by the 3D design software. When designing, pay attention to setting the parameters of the component family to ensure that the basic dimensions meet the specifications of commercially available finished products.

[0016] S42, component family design: assemble the basic component families into steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family and steel platform family;

[0017] S43. Design of steel stair main family: the process of loading the steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family and steel platform family designed in the previous step into the family editor for assembly.

[0018] S44, association of family parameters: taking the constraint relationships of the parameters verified in step S3 as input conditions, using the Dynamo visual programming tool, controlling the dependencies and constraints between the parameters through formulas and conditional statements, and assisting in batch adaptive adjustment of the position parameters of the steel ladder step array;

[0019] S45, Family testing and optimization: Test parametric families in different project scenarios to check for errors or unreasonableness, make adjustments based on the test results, and optimize family performance and user experience;

[0020] S46, Family Documentation and Sharing: Write documentation on how to use the family;

[0021] S5. Application of family.

[0022] In one embodiment, the specific method of step S1 is as follows:

[0023] S11. First, based on the finished steel staircases and previous design results, the components that make up the steel staircases are split, analyzed and hierarchically combined to determine the classification of the steel staircase family;

[0024] S12. The study found that steel stairs are composed of four components that are mutually constrained: steel ladder beams, steel ladder treads, steel platform plates, and steel railings; steel ladder treads and steel platform plates are composed of basic components such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, and twisted square steel; steel railings are composed of basic components such as steel pipes and flat steel; therefore, the steel stair family is divided into three levels: steel stair main family, component family, and component family.

[0025] S13. Determine the three-level relationships: the main family of the steel staircase is composed of component families based on mutual constraints, and the component family is composed of member families based on mutual constraints, thus forming a hierarchical subordinate and nested relationship.

[0026] Specifically, steel stairs are a complex collection of multiple components. If the components are not classified and the relationship between them is not clarified, it is difficult to achieve parameter-driven modeling. Therefore, classification is the first and most important step. Figure 3 ; The hierarchical relationship diagram of the steel staircase family is shown in Figure 4 ;

[0027] In one embodiment, in step S2, the specific method of nesting the families is as follows:

[0028] S21, according to step S13, determining the nesting relationship of the steel staircase main family, component family, and member family in order;

[0029] S22. Study the parameter transfer and nested constraints between families at all levels.

[0030] In one embodiment, in step S3, the specific method of transferring and constraining parameters of each level of family is as follows:

[0031] Similar to concrete stairs, the steel stair family as the main family only requires fewer parameter drivers to achieve parametric design.

[0032] Define the main parameters of the steel staircase main family: the steel staircase angle is α, the steel staircase height is H, the steel staircase horizontal projection length is L1, the lengths of the upper and lower platforms of the steel staircase are L2 and L3 respectively, and the steel staircase width is W;

[0033] The parameters α, H, L2, L3, and W are directly assigned by the designer, and L1 is determined by the following trigonometric function:

[0034] tanα=H / L1;

[0035] The first-level nested component families of the steel stair main family include the steel stair beam family, steel railing family, steel stair tread family, and steel platform family.

[0036] The steel ladder beam family uses the parameters α, H, L1, and W of the steel stair main family to determine its shape; the steel ladder platform family uses the parameters L2, L3, and W of the steel stair main family to determine its shape.

[0037] The steel railing family uses the system family that comes with the software and can be arranged along the edge of the steel stair beam. Therefore, it is not the main object of this study.

[0038] In one embodiment, the shape of the steel ladder tread family is determined as follows:

[0039] Firstly, the steel stair treads are a group of entities evenly arranged in a spatial array along the diagonal steel stair beams;

[0040] Secondly, the vertical spacing h of the steel ladder steps is constrained by the main family parameter H; in addition, according to the safety requirements of the relevant staircase specifications, "the height and width of each step in the stair section should be consistent", "the number of steps in each section of stairs should not exceed 18", and "the maximum height of the step should not exceed 200 mm", the parameter h also has an inverse constraint on H, and the mathematical expression is:

[0041] H = n*h (where n≤18, h≤200);

[0042] Thirdly, considering safety and comfort comprehensively, according to the requirements of relevant specifications for stair tread height and width of industrial building stairs, there is a constraint relationship between the effective width b of stair treads and the height. The mathematical expression is:

[0043] 550≤b+2h≤700 (where the customary value is 180≤h≤200);

[0044] tanα=h / b;

[0045] It can be inferred from this that parameter b also has reverse constraints on α and H.

[0046] Specifically, the steel ladder tread family is composed of the second-layer nested basic component families such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, and twisted square steel. The basic component family can directly use the family provided by the system, or simply define the family parameters by yourself. However, based on safety requirements, the positional relationship between basic components such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, and twisted square steel is subject to certain constraints to avoid excessive gaps formed by the spacing between them. For example, the spacing between loaded flat steels is usually 30mm and 40mm, and the spacing between crossbars is usually 50mm and 100mm. Because steel ladder treads are mostly mature industrial products, they can be set according to the prevailing specifications.

[0047] The steel platform family is basically the same as the steel ladder tread family, the only difference is the length, so I will not go into details.

[0048] In one embodiment, in step S4, Revit software and its family editor are used to design the family starting from the component family and nesting upward layer by layer, as follows:

[0049] In step S41, the basic component family (flat steel, embossed angle steel, twisted square steel, steel pipe, channel steel, etc.) is designed. These components are the basic elements of the component family. Flat steel, embossed angle steel, steel pipe, and channel steel are directly adopted from the system family without special design. Twisted square steel is formed by continuous twisting of square steel along the axis direction. Its shape is relatively complex. In order to simplify the expression and reduce the design file, it is simplified to square steel in the design. The system family is also directly adopted, but special attributes are added to it.

[0050] Set the parameters of the component family to ensure that the basic dimensions are the specifications of the commercially available finished products that meet the requirements; set length parameters for the basic components to ensure that they can be adjusted according to the drive of the component family parameters.

[0051] In step S42, component family design: using the family editor, assemble the basic component families into steel ladder beam families, steel railing families, steel ladder tread families, and steel platform families, as follows:

[0052] Design of steel railing family: adopt system family, no need to design separately;

[0053] Design of steel ladder beam family: In the front elevation view, determine the reference plane of the upper and lower platforms of the stairs and the reference line of the inclined section trajectory of the stairs according to the parameters of the main family α, H, L1, L2, and L3, and stretch and lay out the channel steel along the trajectory; switch to the side elevation view, copy and mirror the steel ladder beam completed in the previous step so that the notches of the channel steel face each other, and set the distance between the two steel ladder beams as parameter W to obtain the steel ladder beam family. The channel steels used in the steel ladder beams are all commercially available products produced in accordance with standards. When designing, modify the section parameters according to the values ​​calculated in the structure. The parametric design diagram of the steel ladder beam family can be seen in Figure 5 ;

[0054] Design of steel stair tread family: At present, steel stair treads are generally commercially available finished products, with a tread length of 270mm and a tread transverse length equal to the stair width W, which is usually 800, 1000, etc. Therefore, the design idea of ​​the present invention is to design several steel stair tread families with fixed sizes, and when embedded in the upper steel stair main family, the corresponding family can be selected according to the value of the stair width W.

[0055] The specific process is: in the family editor, assemble the components such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, twisted square steel according to the outer frame size and mutual spacing parameters. Considering safety and comfort, set the position relationship constraint parameters between the basic components in the family editor, such as: flat steel spacing = 30, twisted square steel spacing = 50. The parametric design diagram of the steel ladder step family is shown in Figure 6 ;

[0056] Design of steel ladder platform family: The method is similar to that of steel ladder step family, so I will not repeat it here. The values ​​of platform side length parameters are W and L2(L3) respectively.

[0057] In one embodiment, in step S43, the process of creating the steel stair master family is to load the steel railing family, steel ladder beam family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform plate family designed in the previous step into the family editor for assembly. The specific process is as follows:

[0058] First, load the steel ladder beam and check whether it meets the parameters determined in step S3 (staircase angle α, staircase height H, staircase horizontal projection length L1, staircase upper and lower platform lengths L2 and L3, staircase width W). Then switch to the front elevation view, place the steel platform plate family in the two horizontal segments next to the turning position of the steel ladder beam family, and lock them with the steel ladder beam.

[0059] Then load the steel ladder tread family, align it to the reference plane at the lower end of the steel ladder beam family and lock it. Then create an "array" for the steel ladder tread family, add it to the reference plane at the upper end of the steel ladder beam family and lock it, and complete the array layout of the steel ladder tread family. See the schematic diagram of the parametric array layout of the steel ladder tread family. Figure 7 .

[0060] The steel railing family can be arranged along the center line of the steel ladder beam family.

[0061] In one embodiment, in step S44, the association of family parameters:

[0062] The parameter constraint relationships obtained in step S3 are used as input conditions, and the Dynamo visual programming tool is used to control the dependencies and constraints between parameters through formulas and conditional statements to assist in batch adaptive adjustment of the position parameters of the steel ladder step array. The specific steps are as follows:

[0063] Import the steel stair tread entity model in Dynamo. Next, use the "Vector" node to define the direction of the array, use the "Number Slider" node to define the spacing and quantity, and then use the "Array" node to create the array. Connect the entity to the input of the "Array" node and connect the array parameters to the corresponding input. Through further adjustment and optimization, ensure that the component family can receive parameters from the main family and can automatically adjust according to changes in parameters such as α and H.

[0064] This ensures that the component family can receive parameters from the main family and can automatically adjust according to changes in parameters such as α and H.

[0065] In one embodiment, in step S46, family documentation and sharing: write a detailed family usage instruction document, including the meaning of parameters, how to adjust parameters and precautions, and share the completed family file to the unified family library so that other designers can reuse it.

[0066] In one embodiment, in step S5, the application of the family is as follows:

[0067] S51. Application of family: Designers load the parametric steel stair family in a specific building project. According to the specific conditions of the project, they can simply adjust the three parameters of the stair angle α, stair height H, and stair width W to achieve automatic adjustment and use of the parametric steel stair family.

[0068] S52. Quantity statistics, simulation and analysis: Quantity statistics can be carried out according to the properties of steel staircase components. Structural simulation and analysis can also be carried out as needed to verify the performance of the staircase design, and the cross-section of the steel staircase beam can be adjusted according to the simulation results to ensure the safety and stability of the stairs.

[0069] S53, manufacturing, installation and post-operation and maintenance: The relevant BIM model files can be delivered to the outside world, and cooperation can be carried out with manufacturers to ensure that the parametric design can be smoothly transformed into actual products.

[0070] Specifically, the necessary technical support and on-site installation guidance can be provided to the construction site based on the BIM model file. The attribute editing of each component forms a component-level coding system. If supplemented with coding and scanning equipment, it can be used for later operation and maintenance. Figure 8 .

[0071] For ease of understanding, the example used in the present invention is a basic type of inclined steel staircase with platforms at both ends. In actual design and use, there are also various staircase forms with a horizontal platform added in the middle of the inclined staircase section, or without a platform at one or more locations. The present invention has made corresponding designs and requires protection for its parametric design method. Schematic diagrams of various forms of parametric steel stairs are shown in Fig. 9 .

[0072] Integration of information. The steel staircase family contains rich information, which is applicable to the entire life cycle of the steel staircase, and facilitates information sharing and collaborative work among all parties involved. Engineering quantity statistics can be performed based on the properties of the steel staircase components. The relevant BIM model files can be delivered to the outside, and cooperation with manufacturers can ensure that the parametric design can be smoothly transformed into actual products. The necessary technical support and on-site installation guidance can also be provided to the construction site based on the BIM model files. The attribute editing of each component forms a component-level coding system. If supplemented by coding and scanning equipment, it can be used for later operation and maintenance.

[0073] Parametric steel staircase family in BIM environment As an important digital asset, the parametric steel staircase family formed by the above method is also the object of protection of the present invention.

[0074] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0075] The present invention provides a parametric design method for a steel staircase family based on BIM technology, using multiple nested families and automatically linking multi-level parameters, and solves the problem that various existing BIM design software do not have parametric steel staircase families with innovative thinking and optimized design. With the results of the present invention, ordinary designers only need to simply input a small number of main parameters to achieve rapid and accurate modeling of parametric steel stairs, which can greatly improve the design efficiency of building information models with steel stairs, and can accurately count the engineering quantities of various components used in steel stairs, contributing to improving design efficiency and design quality for the entire industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0077] Figure 1 This is a comparison diagram of concrete stairs and steel stairs;

[0078] Figure 2 These are the design steps for a steel staircase family;

[0079] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the composition analysis of the steel staircase family;

[0080] Figure 4 It is a hierarchical relationship diagram of the steel staircase family;

[0081] Figure 5 It is a parametric design diagram of the steel ladder beam family;

[0082] Figure 6 It is a parametric design diagram of the steel ladder tread family;

[0083] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the parametric array layout of the steel ladder tread family;

[0084] Figure 8 It is the application diagram of steel staircase family;

[0085] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the various forms of parametric steel stairs; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0087] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0088] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0089] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method, including the following steps:

[0092] S1. Classification of families: The steel staircase family is divided into three levels: the steel staircase main family, the component family, and the member family. The steel staircase main family is composed of the component family based on the mutual constraint relationship, and the component family is composed of the member family based on the mutual constraint relationship, as follows:

[0093] S11. First, based on the finished steel staircases and previous design results, the components that make up the steel staircases are split, analyzed and hierarchically combined to determine the classification of the steel staircase family;

[0094] S12. The study found that steel stairs are composed of four components that are mutually constrained: steel ladder beams, steel ladder treads, steel platform plates, and steel railings; steel ladder treads and steel platform plates are composed of basic components such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, and twisted square steel; steel railings are composed of basic components such as steel pipes and flat steel; therefore, the steel stair family is divided into three levels: steel stair main family, component family, and component family.

[0095] S13. Determine the three-level relationship: the main family of the steel staircase is composed of the component families based on the mutual constraint relationship, and the component family is composed of the component families based on the mutual constraint relationship, thereby forming a hierarchical subordinate and nested relationship;

[0096] Specifically, steel stairs are a complex collection of multiple components. If the components are not classified and the relationship between them is not clarified, it is difficult to achieve parameter-driven modeling. Therefore, classification is the first and most important step. Figure 3 ; The hierarchical relationship diagram of the steel staircase family is shown in Figure 4 ;

[0097] S2. Nesting of families: According to step S1, the nesting relationship of the steel staircase main family, component family, and member family is determined layer by layer; the specific method of nesting families is as follows:

[0098] S21, according to step S13, determining the nesting relationship of the steel staircase main family, component family, and member family in order;

[0099] S22, study the parameter transfer and nested constraints between different levels of families;

[0100] S3. Transfer and constraints of family parameters:

[0101] The first-layer nested component families of the steel stair main family include the steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family and steel platform family; define the main parameters of the steel stair main family, define the parameters that control the external dimensions and placement of the component family, and study and determine the interdependence and constraints of various parameters; determine the external dimensions and placement of the steel ladder beam family, steel ladder tread family and steel platform family based on the constraint relationship between the main parameters of the steel stair main family and the component family parameters; the steel railing family uses the system family that comes with the software and can be arranged along the edge of the stair beam; the steel ladder tread family and steel platform family are composed of the second-layer nested basic component families, and the basic component families use the system families that come with the 3D design software. The specific methods for transferring and constraining parameters at each level are as follows:

[0102] Similar to concrete stairs, the steel stair family as the main family only requires fewer parameter drivers to achieve parametric design.

[0103] Define the main parameters of the steel staircase main family: the steel staircase angle is α, the steel staircase height is H, the steel staircase horizontal projection length is L1, the lengths of the upper and lower platforms of the steel staircase are L2 and L3 respectively, and the steel staircase width is W;

[0104] The parameters α, H, L2, L3, and W are directly assigned by the designer, and L1 is determined by the following trigonometric function:

[0105] tanα=H / L1;

[0106] The first-level nested component families of the steel stair main family include the steel stair beam family, steel railing family, steel stair tread family, and steel platform family.

[0107] The steel ladder beam family uses the parameters α, H, L1, and W of the steel stair main family to determine its shape; the steel ladder platform family uses the parameters L2, L3, and W of the steel stair main family to determine its shape.

[0108] The steel railing family uses the system family that comes with the software and can be arranged along the edge of the steel stair beam. Therefore, it is not the main object of this study.

[0109] The shape of the steel ladder tread family is determined as follows:

[0110] Firstly, the steel stair treads are a group of entities evenly arranged in a spatial array along the diagonal steel stair beams;

[0111] Secondly, the vertical spacing h of the steel ladder steps is constrained by the main family parameter H; in addition, according to the safety requirements of the relevant staircase specifications, "the height and width of each step in the stair section should be consistent", "the number of steps in each section of stairs should not exceed 18", and "the maximum height of the step should not exceed 200 mm", the parameter h also has an inverse constraint on H, and the mathematical expression is:

[0112] H = n*h (where n≤18, h≤200);

[0113] Thirdly, considering safety and comfort comprehensively, according to the requirements of relevant specifications for stair tread height and width of industrial building stairs, there is a constraint relationship between the effective width b of stair treads and the height. The mathematical expression is:

[0114] 550≤b+2h≤700 (where the customary value is 180≤h≤200);

[0115] tanα=h / b;

[0116] It can be inferred from this that parameter b also has reverse constraints on α and H.

[0117] Specifically, the steel ladder tread family is composed of the second-layer nested basic component families such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, and twisted square steel. The basic component family can directly use the family provided by the system, or simply define the family parameters by yourself. However, based on safety requirements, the positional relationship between basic components such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, and twisted square steel is subject to certain constraints to avoid excessive gaps formed by the spacing between them. For example, the spacing between loaded flat steels is usually 30mm and 40mm, and the spacing between crossbars is usually 50mm and 100mm. Because steel ladder treads are mostly mature industrial products, they can be set according to the prevailing specifications.

[0118] The steel platform family is basically the same as the steel ladder tread family, the only difference is the length, so I will not go into details.

[0119] S4. Family design: Taking Rev it software as an example, using its family editor, the family design starts from the component family and is nested upward layer by layer, as follows:

[0120] In step S41, the basic component family (flat steel, embossed angle steel, twisted square steel, steel pipe, channel steel, etc.) is designed. These components are the basic elements of the component family. Flat steel, embossed angle steel, steel pipe, and channel steel are directly adopted from the system family without special design. Twisted square steel is formed by continuous twisting of square steel along the axis direction. Its shape is relatively complex. In order to simplify the expression and reduce the design file, it is simplified to square steel in the design. The system family is also directly adopted, but special attributes are added to it.

[0121] Set the parameters of the component family to ensure that the basic dimensions are the specifications of the commercially available finished products that meet the requirements; set length parameters for the basic components to ensure that they can be adjusted according to the drive of the component family parameters.

[0122] In step S42, component family design: using the family editor, assemble the basic component families into steel ladder beam families, steel railing families, steel ladder tread families, and steel platform families, as follows:

[0123] Design of steel railing family: adopt system family, no need to design separately;

[0124] Design of steel ladder beam family: In the front elevation view, determine the reference plane of the upper and lower platforms of the stairs and the reference line of the inclined section trajectory of the stairs according to the parameters of the main family α, H, L1, L2, and L3, and stretch and lay out the channel steel along the trajectory; switch to the side elevation view, copy and mirror the steel ladder beam completed in the previous step so that the notches of the channel steel face each other, and set the distance between the two steel ladder beams as parameter W to obtain the steel ladder beam family. The channel steels used in the steel ladder beams are all commercially available products produced in accordance with standards. When designing, modify the section parameters according to the values ​​calculated in the structure. The parametric design diagram of the steel ladder beam family can be seen in Figure 5 ;

[0125] Design of steel stair tread family: At present, steel stair treads are generally commercially available finished products, with a tread length of 270mm and a tread transverse length equal to the stair width W, which is usually 800, 1000, etc. Therefore, the design idea of ​​the present invention is to design several steel stair tread families with fixed sizes, and when embedded in the upper steel stair main family, the corresponding family can be selected according to the value of the stair width W.

[0126] The specific process is: in the family editor, assemble the components such as flat steel, embossed angle steel, twisted square steel according to the outer frame size and mutual spacing parameters. Considering safety and comfort, set the position relationship constraint parameters between the basic components in the family editor, such as: flat steel spacing = 30, twisted square steel spacing = 50. The parametric design diagram of the steel ladder step family is shown in Figure 6 ;

[0127] Design of steel ladder platform family: The method is similar to that of steel ladder step family, so I will not repeat it here. The values ​​of platform side length parameters are W and L2(L3) respectively.

[0128] In step S43, the process of creating the main family of the steel staircase is to load the steel railing family, steel ladder beam family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform plate family designed in the previous step into the family editor for assembly. The specific process is as follows:

[0129] First, load the steel ladder beam and check whether it meets the parameters determined in step S3 (staircase angle α, staircase height H, staircase horizontal projection length L1, staircase upper and lower platform lengths L2 and L3, staircase width W). Then switch to the front elevation view, place the steel platform plate family in the two horizontal segments next to the turning position of the steel ladder beam family, and lock them with the steel ladder beam.

[0130] Then load the steel ladder tread family, align it to the reference plane at the lower end of the steel ladder beam family and lock it. Then create an "array" for the steel ladder tread family, add it to the reference plane at the upper end of the steel ladder beam family and lock it, and complete the array layout of the steel ladder tread family. See the schematic diagram of the parametric array layout of the steel ladder tread family. Figure 7 .

[0131] The steel railing family can be arranged along the center line of the steel ladder beam family.

[0132] In step S44, the association of family parameters:

[0133] The parameter constraint relationships obtained in step S3 are used as input conditions, and the Dynamo visual programming tool is used to control the dependencies and constraints between parameters through formulas and conditional statements to assist in batch adaptive adjustment of the position parameters of the steel ladder step array. The specific steps are as follows:

[0134] Import the steel stair tread entity model in Dynamo. Next, use the "Vector" node to define the direction of the array, use the "Number Slider" node to define the spacing and quantity, and then use the "Array" node to create the array. Connect the entity to the input of the "Array" node and connect the array parameters to the corresponding input. Through further adjustment and optimization, ensure that the component family can receive parameters from the main family and can automatically adjust according to changes in parameters such as α and H.

[0135] This ensures that the component family can receive parameters from the main family and can automatically adjust according to changes in parameters such as α and H.

[0136] In step S46, family documentation and sharing: write a detailed family usage document, including the meaning of parameters, how to adjust parameters and precautions, and share the completed family file to the unified family library so that other designers can reuse it. The application of the family is as follows:

[0137] S51. Application of family: Designers load the parametric steel stair family in a specific building project. According to the specific conditions of the project, they can simply adjust the three parameters of the stair angle α, stair height H, and stair width W to achieve automatic adjustment and use of the parametric steel stair family.

[0138] S52. Quantity statistics, simulation and analysis: Quantity statistics can be carried out according to the properties of steel staircase components. Structural simulation and analysis can also be carried out as needed to verify the performance of the staircase design, and the cross-section of the steel staircase beam can be adjusted according to the simulation results to ensure the safety and stability of the stairs.

[0139] S53, manufacturing, installation and post-operation and maintenance: The relevant BIM model files can be delivered to the outside world, and cooperation can be carried out with manufacturers to ensure that the parametric design can be smoothly transformed into actual products.

[0140] Specifically, the necessary technical support and on-site installation guidance can be provided to the construction site based on the BIM model file. The attribute editing of each component forms a component-level coding system. If supplemented with coding and scanning equipment, it can be used for later operation and maintenance. Figure 8 .

[0141] For ease of understanding, the example used in the present invention is a basic type of inclined steel staircase with platforms at both ends. In actual design and use, there are also various staircase forms with a horizontal platform added in the middle of the inclined staircase section, or without a platform at one or more locations. The present invention has made corresponding designs and requires protection for its parametric design method. Schematic diagrams of various forms of parametric steel stairs are shown in Fig. 9 .

[0142] Integration of information. The steel staircase family contains rich information, which is applicable to the entire life cycle of the steel staircase, and facilitates information sharing and collaborative work among all parties involved. Engineering quantity statistics can be performed based on the properties of the steel staircase components. The relevant BIM model files can be delivered to the outside, and cooperation with manufacturers can ensure that the parametric design can be smoothly transformed into actual products. The necessary technical support and on-site installation guidance can also be provided to the construction site based on the BIM model files. The attribute editing of each component forms a component-level coding system. If supplemented by coding and scanning equipment, it can be used for later operation and maintenance.

[0143] Parametric steel staircase family in BIM environment As an important digital asset, the parametric steel staircase family formed by the above method is also the object of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parametric steel staircase family design method based on BIM, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Family classification: The steel staircase family is divided into three levels: steel staircase main family, component family, and member family. The steel staircase main family is composed of component families based on mutual constraints, and the component family is composed of member families based on mutual constraints. S2, nesting of families: according to step S1, the nesting relationship of the steel staircase main family, component family, and member family is determined layer by layer; S3. Transfer and constraints of family parameters: The first-layer nested component families of the steel stair main family include the steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform family. The main parameters of the steel stair main family are defined, and the parameters that control the external dimensions and placement of the component family are defined. The interdependence and constraints of various parameters are studied and determined. According to the constraint relationship between the main parameters of the steel stair main family and the component family parameters, the external dimensions and placement of the steel ladder beam family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform family are determined. The steel railing family uses the system family that comes with the software and can be arranged along the edge of the stair beam. The steel ladder tread family and steel platform family are composed of the second-layer nested basic component family, and the basic component family uses the system family that comes with the 3D design software. S4. Family design: Start with the design analysis of the basic component family, assemble the basic component family into a component family, and then nest and assemble the steel staircase main family layer by layer based on the parameter constraint relationship; S41. Basic component family design: The basic component family directly adopts the system families such as channel steel and steel pipe provided by the 3D design software. When designing, pay attention to setting the parameters of the component family to ensure that the basic dimensions meet the specifications of commercially available finished products. S42, component family design: assemble the basic component families into steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family and steel platform family; S43, Steel Stairs Main Family Design: Load the steel ladder beam family, steel railing family, steel ladder tread family and steel platform family designed in the previous step into the family editor for assembly; S44, association of family parameters: taking the constraint relationships of the parameters verified in step S3 as input conditions, using the Dynamo visual programming tool, controlling the dependencies and constraints between the parameters through formulas and conditional statements, and assisting in batch adaptive adjustment of the position parameters of the steel ladder step array; S45, Family testing and optimization: Test parametric families in different project scenarios to check for errors or unreasonableness, make adjustments based on the test results, and optimize family performance and user experience; S46, Family Documentation and Sharing: Write documentation on how to use the family; S5. Application of family.

2. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of step S1 is as follows: S11. First, based on the finished steel staircases and previous design results, the components that make up the steel staircases are split, analyzed and hierarchically combined to determine the classification of the steel staircase family; S12. The study found that steel stairs are composed of four components: steel ladder beams, steel ladder treads, steel platform plates, and steel railings, which have a constrained relationship with each other; steel ladder treads and steel platform plates are composed of basic components; steel railings are composed of basic components; therefore, the steel stair family is divided into three levels: steel stair main family, component family, and component family; S13. Determine the three-level relationships: the main family of the steel staircase is composed of component families based on mutual constraints, and the component family is composed of member families based on mutual constraints, thus forming a hierarchical subordinate and nested relationship.

3. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S2, the specific method of nesting the family is as follows: S21, according to step S13, determining the nesting relationship of the steel staircase main family, component family, and member family in order; S22. Study the parameter transfer and nested constraints between families at all levels.

4. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S3, the specific method of transferring and constraining parameters of each level of family is as follows: Define the main parameters of the steel staircase main family: the steel staircase angle is α, the steel staircase height is H, the steel staircase horizontal projection length is L1, the lengths of the upper and lower platforms of the steel staircase are L2 and L3 respectively, and the steel staircase width is W; The parameters α, H, L2, L3, and W are directly assigned by the designer, and L1 is determined by the following trigonometric function: tanα=H / L1; The first-level nested component families of the steel stair main family include the steel stair beam family, steel railing family, steel stair tread family, and steel platform family. The steel ladder beam family uses the parameters α, H, L1, and W of the steel stair main family to determine its shape; the steel ladder platform family uses the parameters L2, L3, and W of the steel stair main family to determine its shape.

5. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The shape of the steel ladder tread family is determined as follows: Firstly, the steel stair treads are a group of entities evenly arranged in a spatial array along the diagonal steel stair beams; Secondly, the vertical spacing h of the steel ladder steps is constrained by the main family parameter H; parameter h also has an inverse constraint on H, and the mathematical expression is: H = n*h (where n≤18, h≤200); Thirdly, according to the requirements of the relevant specifications for staircase height and width in industrial buildings, there is a constraint relationship between the effective width b of the stair tread and the height. The mathematical expression is: 550≤b+2h≤700 (where the customary value is 180≤h≤200); tanα=h / b; It can be inferred from this that parameter b also has reverse constraints on α and H.

6. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step S4, using Revit software and its family editor, the design of the family is carried out by starting from the component family and nesting upward layer by layer, as follows: In step S42, component family design: using the family editor, assemble the basic component families into steel ladder beam families, steel railing families, steel ladder tread families, and steel platform families, as follows: Design of steel railing family: adopt system family, no need to design separately; Design of steel ladder beam family: In the front elevation view, determine the reference planes of the upper and lower platforms of the stairs and the reference lines for drawing the track of the inclined section of the stairs according to the parameters of the main family α, H, L1, L2, and L3, and stretch and lay out the basic component channel steel along the track; switch to the side elevation view, copy and mirror the steel ladder beam completed in the previous step so that the notches of the channel steel face each other, and set the distance between the two steel ladder beams as parameter W to obtain the steel ladder beam family. The channel steels used in the steel ladder beams are all commercially available products produced in accordance with standards. When designing, modify the section parameters according to the values ​​calculated in the structure; Design of steel stair tread family: Design several steel stair tread families with fixed sizes. When embedding them into the main family of the previous steel staircase, select the corresponding family according to the value of the stair width W.

7. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S43, the process of creating the main family of the steel staircase is to load the steel railing family, steel ladder beam family, steel ladder tread family, and steel platform plate family designed in the previous step into the family editor for assembly. The specific process is as follows: First, load the steel ladder beam and check whether it meets the parameters determined in step S3. Then switch to the front elevation view, place the steel platform plate family in the two horizontal segments next to the turning position of the steel ladder beam family, and lock them with the steel ladder beam. Then load the steel ladder tread family, align it to the reference plane at the lower end of the steel ladder beam family and lock it. Then create an "array" for the steel ladder tread family, add it to the reference plane at the upper end of the steel ladder beam family and lock it, completing the array layout of the steel ladder tread family. The steel railing family can be arranged along the center line of the steel ladder beam family.

8. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step S44, the association of family parameters: The parameter constraint relationships obtained in step S3 are used as input conditions, and the Dynamo visual programming tool is used to control the dependencies and constraints between parameters through formulas and conditional statements to assist in batch adaptive adjustment of the position parameters of the steel ladder step array. The specific steps are as follows: Import the steel stair tread entity model in Dynamo. Next, use the "Vector" node to define the direction of the array, the "Number Slider" node to define the spacing and quantity, and then use the "Array" node to create the array. Connect the entity to the input of the "Array" node and connect the array parameters to the corresponding inputs.

9. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In step S46, family documentation and sharing: write a detailed family usage document, including the meaning of parameters, how to adjust parameters and precautions, and share the completed family file to the unified family library so that other designers can reuse it.

10. The BIM-based parametric steel staircase family design method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S5, the application of the family is as follows: S51. Application of family: Designers load the parametric steel stair family in a specific building project. According to the specific conditions of the project, they can simply adjust the three parameters of the stair angle α, stair height H, and stair width W to achieve automatic adjustment and use of the parametric steel stair family. S52, Engineering quantity statistics, simulation and analysis: Engineering quantity statistics can be carried out according to the properties of steel staircase components, and structural simulation and analysis can be carried out to verify the performance of the staircase design, and the cross-section of the steel staircase beam can be adjusted according to the simulation results to ensure the safety and stability of the stairs; S53, manufacturing, installation and post-operation and maintenance: The relevant BIM model files can be delivered to the outside world, and cooperation can be carried out with manufacturers to ensure that the parametric design can be smoothly transformed into actual products.

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