Green low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on three-dimensional model

Abstract

The invention discloses a green low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model, and the method comprises the steps: 1, carrying out the pre-analysis, constructing a BIM model of an initial building design, obtaining the surrounding environment information of a building, and inputting the information into building simulation software; 2, environment simulation and design analysis are carried out, building design is optimized, and a first design stage is formed; forming a second construction stage; monitoring the energy consumption of the building in real time to form a third operation stage; step 3, simulation optimization; 4, simulating and analyzing data mining; and a fifth step of information sharing and assistance. According to the method, design decision and optimization are assisted through simulated beforehand analysis and simulation, so that energy consumption and carbon emission of the building in each life cycle are reduced, the green performance of the building is improved, efficient and accurate energy consumption evaluation and optimization of a building design scheme are achieved, and generation of a low-carbon and energy-saving building scheme is effectively promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of green and low-carbon buildings, and in particular to a green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model. Background Art

[0002] Low-carbon building simulation analysis is a complex and meticulous process, which involves multiple aspects, including the assessment and optimization of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of building design, construction, operation and demolition. Low-carbon buildings have gradually become the mainstream trend in the international construction industry. Low-carbon building simulation analysis is an important means to promote the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry.

[0003] Low-carbon building simulation analysis is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of the construction industry. With the increasing severity of global warming and environmental problems, the construction industry, as an important area of ​​energy consumption and carbon emissions, is in urgent need of a low-carbon transformation.

[0004] Existing three-dimensional models are increasingly used in low-carbon building analysis, but the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings still need to be reduced. Low-carbon buildings have different energy consumption and carbon emissions in different stages from design to operation, so the accuracy and efficiency of low-carbon building simulation analysis need to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model, comprising:

[0007] The first step is to conduct preliminary analysis, build a BIM model of the initial building design, use building information modeling technology to manage the entire life cycle of the building, obtain information about the building's surrounding environment and input it into the building simulation software;

[0008] The second step is environmental simulation and design analysis. The three-dimensional model is used to simulate and analyze energy consumption and carbon emissions. Combined with energy consumption simulation software, the energy consumption level and carbon emissions of the building under different design schemes are predicted, and the building design is optimized to form the first design stage. The building simulation software is used to achieve accurate management and optimal utilization of construction materials to form the second construction stage. The building management system is added to the three-dimensional model, and the combination of the model and the system is used to monitor the energy consumption of the building in real time to form the third operation stage.

[0009] The third step is simulation optimization, which proposes targeted improvement suggestions and formulates decision-making plans based on the data analysis and simulation results of the first design stage, the second construction stage, and the third operation stage;

[0010] The fourth step is simulation analysis and data mining, which involves in-depth data analysis and mining of simulation results to identify key influencing factors and potential problems;

[0011] The fifth step is information sharing and assistance, which involves sharing information through visualization equipment and enabling different parts to work collaboratively.

[0012] Preferably, the first design stage in step 2 includes:

[0013] Environmental impact simulation: using BIM models combined with digital topographic maps and maps to analyze the interaction between sunlight and building shadows throughout the year, and using fluid dynamics analysis tools to simulate the wind field around the building to optimize the building layout and ventilation design;

[0014] Sound field simulation: In places where the design requires high sound quality, sound field simulation is carried out, combining the information on the geometry and sound absorption capacity of the partitions, interior decoration and main furnishings, to evaluate the impact of sound or noise and complete the sound field analysis;

[0015] Renewable energy utilization simulation: simulate the building's utilization of solar energy, wind energy, and renewable energy, evaluate its economic efficiency and feasibility, and propose optimization plans for renewable energy utilization;

[0016] Carbon reduction design analysis: Based on the input of local annual climate data, simulation of solar thermal radiation, indoor lighting, ventilation and air conditioning is carried out. Based on the simulation results, energy-saving design strategies such as shell insulation, sunshade and natural ventilation are considered to reduce the use of lighting and air conditioning. The information on the material, light transmittance and thermal conductivity of openings, glass and partitions is analyzed in detail, and illumination simulation, fluid dynamics calculation and heat conduction analysis are carried out;

[0017] Spatial collision analysis: detect spatial collision problems through BIM model integration, including hard collision problems and soft collision problems of overlapping objects, and coordinate according to the detection results.

[0018] Preferably, the second construction stage in step 2 includes:

[0019] Structural analysis: automatically derive the required structural geometry and material property information from the BIM model. BIM technology simplifies the modeling process of prefabricated structures.

[0020] Mechanical and electrical pipeline system analysis: clearly display the mechanical and electrical pipeline system in the BIM model, review and coordinate conflicts between systems in advance, conduct pipe flow analysis, power load analysis, and water cycle analysis, and optimize the construction management process;

[0021] Material management: During the construction phase, the construction party can accurately grasp the material demand and usage through the material list and location information in the model;

[0022] Construction simulation uses 3D models to simulate construction, predict potential problems and risks in the construction process, and formulate corresponding response measures in advance.

[0023] Preferably, in step 2, the first design stage, the second construction stage and the third operation stage are a complete design scheme, and a three-dimensional model is used to perform simulation analysis of energy consumption and carbon emissions, simulate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of different design schemes, and divide them into the first scheme, the second scheme and the third scheme according to the simulation results, and select the optimal design scheme according to the needs.

[0024] Preferably, the third operation stage in step 2 includes:

[0025] Energy consumption monitoring and optimization: During the operation phase, the 3D model is combined with the building management system to monitor the energy consumption of the building in real time. Through data analysis, high energy consumption areas and equipment are identified, and corresponding energy-saving measures are taken;

[0026] Indoor environmental quality monitoring: The three-dimensional model is combined with the automatic sensing devices and control devices in the building to monitor the indoor environmental quality of the building, including temperature, humidity, and air quality parameters. Through the sensor data and simulation analysis in the model, the comfort and health of the indoor environment are evaluated, and corresponding improvement measures are taken.

[0027] Preferably, in step one, the basis of the three-dimensional model is three-dimensional scene modeling, and a large amount of point cloud data is collected by using lidar and drones to perform data preprocessing, feature extraction and model construction to obtain high-precision three-dimensional data, and the three-dimensional model is constructed using the NURBS modeling method.

[0028] Preferably, the NURBS modeling method is based on a B-spline function curve, and the B-spline curve is defined by a set of control points and a node vector, each control point corresponds to a B-spline basis function, and the linear combination of these basis functions forms the B-spline curve.

[0029] Preferably, the calculation recursion formula of the B-spline basis function is:

[0030]

[0031] Its u i where is the i-th node in the node vector, k is the degree of the basis function, and the recursive formula starts from the 0th basis function and gradually recurses to the required kth basis function.

[0032] Preferably, the B-spline curve p(u) can be expressed as a control point d i and basis function N i,kThe linear combination of (u), the B-spline curve p(u) formula is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, n is the number of control points, k is the degree of basis function, and the points on the B-spline curve can be obtained by calculating the basis function values ​​under different parameters u and multiplying them with the control points and summing them.

[0035] Preferably, the energy consumption simulation software in step 2 uses Design Builder software.

[0036] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0037] (1) The present invention assists design decision-making and optimization through realistic pre-analysis and simulation, so as to reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings in each life cycle, improve the green performance of buildings, realize efficient and accurate energy consumption evaluation and optimization of building design schemes, and effectively promote the generation of low-carbon and energy-saving building schemes;

[0038] (2) The present invention provides comprehensive data support for the full life cycle management of buildings through environmental simulation and design analysis, and through digital means. Accurate material management and construction simulation can reduce resource waste and errors, select the most appropriate solution, significantly reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings, improve the energy efficiency and environmental adaptability of buildings, and significantly enhance the green performance and energy-saving and emission reduction effects of buildings;

[0039] (3) Through simulation optimization and data mining, the accuracy and efficiency of low-carbon building simulation analysis can be improved, the accuracy of design can be improved, resource allocation can be optimized, and decision-making efficiency can be improved, providing strong support for the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the construction of the green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on the three-dimensional model of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The present invention provides Figure 1-2 A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model is shown, comprising:

[0044] The first step is to conduct preliminary analysis and simulation, build a BIM model of the initial building design, use building information modeling technology to manage the entire life cycle of the building, obtain the surrounding environment information of the building and input it into the building simulation software. The surrounding environment information includes information such as sunshine, temperature, wind direction and speed throughout the year, surrounding temperature and humidity, surrounding public places, road conditions, etc.

[0045] Specifically, the basis of the 3D model is 3D scene modeling. A large amount of point cloud data is collected by using laser radar and drones, and data preprocessing, feature extraction and model construction are performed to obtain high-precision 3D data. The 3D model is constructed using the NURBS modeling method. The NURBS modeling method is based on the curve of the B-spline function. The B-spline curve is defined by a set of control points and a node vector. Each control point corresponds to a B-spline basis function. The linear combination of these basis functions forms a B-spline curve.

[0046] The calculation recursion formula of B-spline basis function is:

[0047]

[0048] Its u i where is the i-th node in the node vector, k is the degree of the basis function, and the recursive formula starts from the 0-order basis function and gradually recurses to the required k-order basis function;

[0049] The B-spline curve p(u) can be expressed as the control point d i and basis function N i,k The linear combination of (u), the B-spline curve p(u) formula is:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, n is the number of control points, k is the degree of basis function, and the points on the B-spline curve can be obtained by calculating the basis function values ​​under different parameters u and multiplying them with the control points. By determining the points on the B-spline curve, the drawing of the curve is simple, and the construction of the BIM model of the initial building design is smoother.

[0052] The second step is environmental simulation and design analysis. The three-dimensional model is used to simulate and analyze energy consumption and carbon emissions. Combined with energy consumption simulation software, the energy consumption simulation software uses Design Builder software to predict the energy consumption level and carbon emissions of the building under different design schemes, optimize the building design, and form the first design stage; the building simulation software is used to achieve accurate management and optimal utilization of construction materials, forming the second construction stage; the building management system is added to the three-dimensional model, and the energy consumption of the building is monitored in real time by combining the model with the system, forming the third operation stage. The first design stage, the second construction stage and the third operation stage are a complete design plan. The three-dimensional model is used to simulate and analyze energy consumption and carbon emissions, simulate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of different design schemes, and divide them into the first, second and third schemes according to the simulation results. According to the needs, the best design scheme is selected, which helps designers identify potential energy consumption and carbon emission problems at an early stage and take corresponding optimization measures to make the first, second and third schemes suitable for different degrees of low-carbon and low-energy consumption of buildings in different environments, and select the most suitable building scheme for implementation.

[0053] Specifically, the first design phase includes: environmental impact simulation, sound field simulation, renewable energy utilization simulation, carbon reduction design analysis and space collision analysis;

[0054] Among them, environmental impact simulation uses BIM models combined with digital topographic maps and maps to analyze the mutual influence of sunlight and building shadows throughout the year. Professional Design Builder energy consumption simulation software is used to simulate and analyze the energy consumption of buildings in different seasons and under different usage conditions. Fluid dynamics analysis tools are used to simulate the wind field around the building to optimize the building layout and ventilation design. The fluid dynamics analysis tool uses ANSYS Fluent fluid mechanics simulation software, which is suitable for simulating the ventilation system of the building. The software can simulate and analyze the fluid flow inside the building, including air flow, temperature distribution, etc., which helps to optimize the air flow, ventilation and cooling systems of the building, optimize the design, thereby improving the quality of the living and working environment, ensuring indoor air quality and comfort, reducing the waste of resources such as fresh air air conditioning, and reducing the use of energy consumption;

[0055] Sound field simulation is required for places where the building design has high requirements for sound quality, such as concert halls, theaters, cinemas, etc. It combines the information of the geometry and sound absorption capacity of the partitions, interior decoration and main furnishings to evaluate the impact of sound or noise, complete the sound field analysis, and select the appropriate building materials and building orientation for sound insulation and noise reduction.

[0056] Among them, the simulation of renewable energy utilization is to simulate the utilization of solar energy and wind energy by the building. According to the three-dimensional model, the utilization of solar energy and wind energy is simulated, and then according to the utilization of renewable energy, its economic and feasibility is evaluated, and the optimization plan for the utilization of renewable energy is proposed to improve the energy self-sufficiency rate of the building, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, and reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the building;

[0057] Furthermore, the carbon reduction design analysis is based on the input of local annual climate data to simulate solar thermal radiation, indoor lighting, ventilation and air conditioning. According to the simulation results, energy-saving design strategies such as shell insulation, shading and natural ventilation are considered to reduce the use of lighting and air conditioning to achieve energy conservation and carbon reduction. The information on the material, light transmittance and thermal conductivity of openings, glass and partitions is analyzed in detail, and illumination simulation, fluid dynamics calculation and heat conduction analysis are performed. The three-dimensional model can simulate the environmental adaptability of the building under different climatic conditions, including the building's shading, ventilation, insulation and other performance, which helps designers optimize the building design according to local climatic conditions, improve the building's energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality, improve the building's environmental adaptability, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.

[0058] Furthermore, the spatial collision sub-division is to detect spatial collision problems through BIM model integration, including hard collision problems and soft collision problems caused by overlapping objects. Soft collision problems are those that require maintaining a certain spatial distance but cannot meet actual needs. Coordination is carried out based on the detection results to improve the overall design results and make the building design more reasonable.

[0059] Specifically, the second construction phase includes:

[0060] Structural analysis: Automatically derive the required structural geometry and material property information from the BIM model to avoid errors in manual interpretation and modeling. BIM technology simplifies the modeling process of prefabricated structures and improves design efficiency.

[0061] Mechanical and electrical pipeline system analysis. The mechanical and electrical pipeline system includes electrical pipelines, drainage pipelines, water supply pipelines, heating pipelines, and pipe supports and hangers. The mechanical and electrical pipeline system is clearly displayed in the BIM model, and conflicts between the coordination systems are reviewed in advance. Pipe flow analysis, power load analysis, and water cycle analysis are performed to optimize the construction management process, optimize the system design, reduce pipeline problems during the construction process, improve utilization efficiency, and reduce waste of construction resources;

[0062] Material management: During the construction phase, the construction party can accurately grasp the material demand and usage through the material list and location information in the model, reducing material waste and errors;

[0063] Construction simulation uses 3D models to simulate construction, predict potential problems and risks in the construction process, and formulate corresponding response measures in advance. Construction simulation helps to reduce changes and delays in the construction process, improve construction efficiency and quality, and also facilitates the management of construction parties and timely changes in construction strategies.

[0064] Specifically, the third operation phase includes:

[0065] Energy consumption monitoring and optimization: During the operation phase, the 3D model is combined with the building management system to monitor the energy consumption of the building in real time. Through data analysis, high energy consumption areas and equipment are identified, such as the energy consumption of air conditioning turned on for a long time in summer or the energy consumption of heating equipment in winter, and corresponding energy-saving measures are taken. At the same time, the model can also be used to simulate the effects of different energy-saving solutions to provide a scientific basis for energy-saving transformation;

[0066] Indoor environmental quality monitoring: The three-dimensional model is combined with the automatic sensing devices and control devices in the building to monitor the indoor environmental quality of the building, including temperature, humidity, and air quality parameters. Through the sensor data and simulation analysis in the model, the comfort and health of the indoor environment are evaluated, and corresponding improvement measures are taken to achieve more intelligent energy-saving and carbon reduction goals.

[0067] The third step is simulation optimization. Based on the data analysis and simulation results of the first design stage, the second construction stage and the third operation stage, targeted improvement suggestions are put forward and decision-making plans are formulated. According to the simulation results of the entire process of the first design stage, the second construction stage and the third operation stage, the first, second and third plans presented in the simulation results are analyzed, and the plan decisions are made according to different needs such as funds and future plans, and the best plan is selected;

[0068] The fourth step is simulation analysis and data mining, which involves in-depth data analysis and mining of simulation results, identifying key influencing factors and potential problems, accurately integrating information, and improving the precision and accuracy of the design.

[0069] The fifth step is information sharing and assistance. Information is shared through visualization equipment, and different parts work together to achieve integration and sharing of building information. This helps designers and engineers identify and solve potential problems early in the project, reduce later changes and rework, and achieve data sharing and collaborative work between different disciplines. This improves design efficiency and quality, makes design results more intuitive, and facilitates understanding and communication among all parties.

[0070] The technical solution of the present application can significantly reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings through scientific simulation analysis and optimized design, and can predict and optimize the energy consumption and carbon emission performance of buildings, including the assessment and optimization of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of building design, construction, operation and demolition. During the construction and operation stages, the three-dimensional model can help achieve the optimal allocation of building resources, and through precise material management and construction simulation, it can reduce resource waste and errors; through energy consumption monitoring and optimization, it can reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings, provide a scientific basis for designing more efficient and environmentally friendly buildings, and improve the energy efficiency and environmental adaptability of buildings.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model, characterized in that: include: The first step is to conduct preliminary analysis, build a BIM model of the initial building design, use building information modeling technology to manage the entire life cycle of the building, obtain information about the building's surrounding environment and input it into the building simulation software; The second step is environmental simulation and design analysis. The three-dimensional model is used to simulate and analyze energy consumption and carbon emissions. Energy consumption simulation software is used to predict the energy consumption level and carbon emissions of the building under different design schemes, optimize the building design, and form the first design stage. Using building simulation software to achieve accurate management and optimal use of construction materials, forming the second construction stage; adding a building management system to the 3D model, using the combination of the model and the system to monitor the energy consumption of the building in real time, forming the third operation stage; The third step is simulation optimization, which proposes targeted improvement suggestions and formulates decision-making plans based on the data analysis and simulation results of the first design stage, the second construction stage, and the third operation stage; The fourth step is simulation analysis and data mining, which involves in-depth data analysis and mining of simulation results to identify key influencing factors and potential problems; The fifth step is information sharing and assistance, which involves sharing information through visualization equipment and enabling different parts to work collaboratively.

2. A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first design phase in step 2 includes: Environmental impact simulation, using BIM models combined with digital topographic maps and maps to analyze the interaction between sunlight and building shadows throughout the year, and using fluid dynamics analysis tools to simulate the wind field around the building to optimize the building layout and ventilation design; Sound field simulation: In places where the design requires high sound quality, sound field simulation is carried out, combining the information on the geometry and sound absorption capacity of the partitions, interior decoration and main furnishings, to evaluate the impact of sound or noise and complete the sound field analysis; Renewable energy utilization simulation: simulate the building's utilization of solar energy, wind energy, and renewable energy, evaluate its economic efficiency and feasibility, and propose optimization plans for renewable energy utilization; Carbon reduction design analysis: Based on the input of local annual climate data, simulation of solar thermal radiation, indoor lighting, ventilation and air conditioning is carried out. Based on the simulation results, energy-saving design strategies such as shell insulation, sunshade and natural ventilation are considered to reduce the use of lighting and air conditioning. The information on the material, light transmittance and thermal conductivity of openings, glass and partitions is analyzed in detail, and illumination simulation, fluid dynamics calculation and heat conduction analysis are carried out; Spatial collision analysis: detect spatial collision problems through BIM model integration, including hard collision problems and soft collision problems of overlapping objects, and coordinate according to the detection results.

3. A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second construction phase in step 2 includes: Structural analysis: automatically derive the required structural geometry and material property information from the BIM model. BIM technology simplifies the modeling process of prefabricated structures. Mechanical and electrical pipeline system analysis: clearly display the mechanical and electrical pipeline system in the BIM model, review and coordinate conflicts between systems in advance, conduct pipe flow analysis, power load analysis, and water cycle analysis, and optimize the construction management process; Material management: During the construction phase, the construction party can accurately grasp the material demand and usage through the material list and location information in the model; Construction simulation uses 3D models to simulate construction, predict potential problems and risks in the construction process, and formulate corresponding response measures in advance.

4. The green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 2, the first design stage, the second construction stage and the third operation stage are a complete design plan. A three-dimensional model is used to simulate and analyze energy consumption and carbon emissions, simulate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of different design plans, and divide them into the first plan, the second plan and the third plan according to the simulation results. The optimal design plan is selected according to the needs.

5. The green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The third operation stage in step 2 includes: Energy consumption monitoring and optimization: During the operation phase, the 3D model is combined with the building management system to monitor the energy consumption of the building in real time. Through data analysis, high energy consumption areas and equipment are identified, and corresponding energy-saving measures are taken; Indoor environmental quality monitoring: The three-dimensional model is combined with the automatic sensing devices and control devices in the building to monitor the indoor environmental quality of the building, including temperature, humidity, and air quality parameters. Through the sensor data and simulation analysis in the model, the comfort and health of the indoor environment are evaluated, and corresponding improvement measures are taken.

6. The green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 1, the basis of the 3D model is 3D scene modeling. A large amount of point cloud data is collected by using laser radar and drones, and data preprocessing, feature extraction and model construction are performed to obtain high-precision 3D data. The 3D model is constructed using the NURBS modeling method.

7. A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The NURBS modeling method is based on a curve of a B-spline function. The B-spline curve is defined by a set of control points and a node vector. Each control point corresponds to a B-spline basis function. The linear combination of these basis functions forms the B-spline curve.

8. A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation recursion formula of the B-spline basis function is: Its u i where is the i-th node in the node vector, k is the degree of the basis function, and the recursive formula starts from the 0th basis function and gradually recurses to the required kth basis function.

9. A green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 8, characterized in that: The B-spline curve p(u) can be expressed as the control point d i and basis function N i,k The linear combination of (u), the B-spline curve p(u) formula is: Among them, n is the number of control points, k is the degree of basis function, and the points on the B-spline curve can be obtained by calculating the basis function values ​​under different parameters u and multiplying them with the control points and summing them.

10. The green and low-carbon building simulation analysis method based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy consumption simulation software in step 2 uses Design Builder software.

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