Beam broadening dipole antenna and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a beam broadening dipole antenna and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of ship-borne electronic systems, and the beam broadening dipole antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a dipole patch, a loading parasitic patch, a metalized via hole and a metal floor; the dielectric substrate is vertically placed, the metal floor is horizontally placed, and the lower edge of the dielectric substrate is connected with the metal floor; the dipole patch is printed on the front face of the dielectric substrate, the opposite side parasitic patch is printed and loaded on the back face of the dielectric substrate, the dipole patch and the opposite side parasitic patch are connected through a metalized through hole, and the vertical parasitic patches are loaded on the edges of the two sides of the printed board. Under the condition that the overall dimension of the antenna is not increased, the common problem that the radiation coverage of a dipole antenna is insufficient is solved, the half-power beam width of a directional diagram is adjusted by adding the dipole arm gap structure and loading the parasitic structure, and the radiation coverage range of the antenna is expanded; through the design of the invention, compared with a traditional antenna which is not improved, the antenna has the same appearance size, the wave width of an H surface is widened by 34.5%, and the wave width of an E surface is 18.2%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shipborne electronic systems, and in particular relates to a beam-broadening dipole antenna and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Antennas are essential components in radar, communication and other systems, used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. Although there are many novel antenna structures, as well as some excellent manufacturing processes and material structures that are applied to antenna research, dipole antennas are still the first choice for antenna design due to their simple manufacturing and stable radiation. Many commonly used antenna structures are derived from the deformation of dipole antennas, such as folded oscillators and Yagi antennas. Therefore, the deformation design and structural optimization of traditional dipole antennas are used to give them better radiation characteristics and expand more application areas, which has become a new trend in current antenna design. Dipole antennas are mainly composed of a pair of symmetrically placed conductors. The antenna uses a feeder to excite the two ends of the two conductors close to each other. Dipole antennas are a resonant antenna. The current distribution inside the antenna is a standing wave distribution. At this time, the wavelength of the standing wave is exactly the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave that the antenna can receive or generate. In practical applications, the most commonly used half-wave dipole antenna is the dipole antenna, and the length of the dipole is about 0.5 times the working wavelength of the antenna. The beam width of traditional dipole antennas cannot meet the growing radiation coverage requirements of communication systems. To address this problem, common improvements include loading patches on the periphery of the dipole, adding conductive walls, and using magneto-electric dipole complementation. While these methods expand the beam width, they also increase the size of the antenna. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of limited half-power beam width of a dipole antenna and realize miniaturization. The present invention is a dipole antenna of a dielectric substrate, the front of the dielectric substrate is a dipole, a slot is opened at the lower edge of the dipole arm, the back of the dielectric substrate is a feeding structure, a parasitic sheet is loaded at the end of the corresponding dipole arm, the parasitic sheet and the dipole arm are connected by a metallized via, and vertical parasitic patches are loaded on the edges of both sides of the dielectric substrate.

[0004] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention discloses a beam-broadening dipole antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a dipole patch, an opposite parasitic patch, a metalized via, a dipole patch gap, a feeding structure, a vertical parasitic patch, a metal floor and a feeding connector; the dielectric substrate is placed vertically, the metal floor is placed horizontally, and the lower edge of the dielectric substrate is connected to the metal floor; the dipole patch and the vertical parasitic patch are printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate, and the opposite parasitic patch and the vertical parasitic patch are printed on the back side, and the dipole patch and the opposite parasitic patch are connected by a metalized via; the dipole patch is printed on the front center of the dielectric substrate in a T-shape, the vertical part is connected to the metal floor, and the horizontal part is a dipole arm.

[0005] Furthermore, a dipole patch gap is opened at the lower edge of the antenna arm of the dipole patch.

[0006] Furthermore, the dipole patch slot is slotted in a manner of first slotting perpendicularly to the lower edge of the dipole patch arm and then slotting obliquely.

[0007] Furthermore, a feed line is printed on the back of the dielectric substrate; an inner core of the feed connector passes through the metal floor and is connected to the feed line, and an outer core of the feed connector is connected to the metal floor.

[0008] Furthermore, the opposite-side parasitic patch is a rectangular patch, and the opposite-side parasitic patch is connected to the printed dipole patch through a metallized via.

[0009] Further, the opposite parasitic patch is located at the opposite side of the ends of both arms of the dipole patch.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical parasitic patch is composed of four independent parasitic patches, which are respectively located on the edges of both sides of the front and back sides of the dielectric substrate, and the vertical parasitic patches are perpendicular to the metal floor.

[0011] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention also discloses a method for preparing a beam-broadening dipole antenna, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Place the dielectric substrate vertically and the metal floor horizontally;

[0013] Step 2: Connect the lower edge of the dielectric substrate to the metal floor;

[0014] Step 3: Print a dipole patch on the front side of the dielectric substrate, print an opposite-side parasitic patch on the back side, and connect the dipole patch and the opposite-side parasitic patch with metallized vias.

[0015] Step 4: Load vertical parasitic patches on both sides of the front and back of the printed circuit board

[0016] Furthermore, step 1-2 also includes: printing a feed line on the back side of the dielectric substrate; the inner core of the feed connector passes through the metal floor and is connected to the feed line, and the outer core of the feed connector is connected to the metal floor.

[0017] Furthermore, step 3 also includes: the dipole patch of the dipole patch is slotted in a manner of first slotting perpendicular to the lower edge of the dipole patch arm and then slotting obliquely; step 4 also includes: the vertical parasitic patch is composed of four pieces, which are respectively located on the edges of both sides of the printed front and back sides.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the significant progress of the present invention is that: the present invention is mainly used to solve the common problem of insufficient radiation coverage of dipole antennas without increasing the antenna's external dimensions. Through the slot structure and parasitic patches of the dipole arms, the half-power beam width of the radiation pattern can be adjusted to expand the radiation coverage of the antenna. Through the design of the present invention, the antenna has the same external dimensions as the unimproved traditional antenna, and the H-plane wave width is widened by 34.5%, and the E-plane wave width is widened by 18.2%.

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the functional characteristics and structural parameters of the present invention, further description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a beam-broadening dipole antenna;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of a beam broadening dipole antenna;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the back side of a beam-broadening dipole antenna;

[0024] Figure 4 is a standing wave diagram of a beam-broadened dipole antenna;

[0025] Figure 5 is an E-plane radiation pattern of a beam-broadened dipole antenna;

[0026] Figure 6 is a beam-broadened dipole antenna H-plane pattern;

[0027] The reference numerals in the figure are: dielectric substrate 1, dipole patch 2, opposite parasitic patch 3, metallized via 4, dipole patch gap 5, feed line 6, vertical parasitic patch 7, metal floor 8, feed connector 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The invention discloses a beam-broadening dipole antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate 1, a dipole patch 2, an opposite parasitic patch 3, a metalized via 4, a dipole patch gap 5, a feeding structure 6, a vertical parasitic patch 7, a metal floor 8 and a feeding connector 9; the dielectric substrate 1 is placed vertically, the metal floor 8 is placed horizontally, and the lower edge of the dielectric substrate 1 is connected to the metal floor 8; the dipole patch 2 and the vertical parasitic patch 7 are printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1, and the opposite parasitic patch 3 and the vertical parasitic patch 7 are printed on the back side, and the dipole patch 2 and the opposite parasitic patch 3 are connected by a metalized via 4; the dipole patch 2 is printed on the front center of the dielectric substrate 1 in a T-shape, the vertical part is connected to the metal floor 8, and the horizontal part is a dipole arm.

[0030] Specifically, in one embodiment, a dipole patch gap 5 is opened at the lower edge of the antenna arm of the dipole patch 2 .

[0031] Specifically, in one embodiment, the dipole patch 2 has the dipole patch slit 5 slotted by first slotting perpendicular to the lower edge of the dipole patch 2 arm and then slotting obliquely.

[0032] Specifically, in one embodiment, the feed line 6 is printed on the back of the dielectric substrate 1 ; the inner core of the feed connector 9 passes through the metal floor 8 and is connected to the feed line 6 , and the outer core of the feed connector 9 is connected to the metal floor 8 .

[0033] Specifically, in one embodiment, the opposite-side parasitic patch 3 is a rectangular patch, and the opposite-side parasitic patch 3 is connected to the printed dipole patch 2 through a metallized via 4 .

[0034] Specifically, in one embodiment, the opposite parasitic patch 3 is located on the opposite side of the ends of both arms of the dipole patch 2 .

[0035] Specifically, in one embodiment, the vertical parasitic patch 7 is composed of four independent parasitic patches, which are respectively located on the edges of both sides of the front and back sides of the dielectric substrate 1 , and the vertical parasitic patches 7 are perpendicular to the metal floor.

[0036] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a beam-broadening dipole antenna, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Place the dielectric substrate vertically and the metal floor horizontally;

[0038] Step 2: Connect the lower edge of the dielectric substrate to the metal floor;

[0039] Step 3: Print a dipole patch on the front side of the dielectric substrate, print an opposite-side parasitic patch on the back side, and connect the dipole patch and the opposite-side parasitic patch with metallized vias.

[0040] Step 4: Load vertical parasitic patches on both sides of the front and back of the printed circuit board

[0041] A method for preparing a beam-broadening dipole antenna, step 1-2 also includes: printing a feed line on the back of a dielectric substrate; an inner core of a feed connector passes through a metal floor and is connected to the feed line, and an outer core of the feed connector is connected to the metal floor.

[0042] A method for preparing a beam-broadening dipole antenna, step 3 also includes: the dipole patch of the dipole patch is slotted in a manner of first slotting perpendicular to the lower edge of the dipole patch arm and then slotting obliquely; step 4 also includes: the vertical parasitic patch is composed of four pieces, which are respectively located on the edges of both sides of the printed front and back.

[0043] Example

[0044] The present embodiment involves a beam-broadening dipole antenna and a preparation method, and the main implementation steps are as follows (see the attached drawings).

[0045] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the dielectric substrate 1 is placed vertically, the metal floor 2 is placed horizontally, the front of the dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a dipole patch 2 and a vertical parasitic patch 7, and the back of the dielectric substrate 1 is printed with an opposite parasitic patch 3, a feed line 6 and a vertical parasitic patch 7. A dipole patch gap 5 is opened at the lower edge of both arms of the dipole patch 2. The dipole patch 2 is connected to the opposite parasitic patch 3 through a metalized via 4. The inner core of the feed connector 9 is connected to the feed line 6, and the outer core is connected to the metal substrate 8.

[0046] In this example, the radiation pattern beam width of the antenna is adjusted by adjusting the shape and size of the dipole slot 5, the size of the opposite parasitic patch 3 and the size of the vertical parasitic patch 7 without changing the outer dimensions of the antenna.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a standing wave curve of a beam-broadened dipole antenna described in this example. Under the condition that the standing wave is less than 2, a relative bandwidth of 15% can be achieved. In order to ignore the difference in absolute gain caused by structural changes, the directional patterns of a beam-broadened dipole antenna described in this example and a traditional dipole antenna are normalized.

[0048] Figure 5 The E-plane directional diagram of the center frequency point of a beam-broadened dipole antenna described in this example is compared with that of a traditional dipole antenna. Figure 3 dB beamwidth 78°, traditional dipole antenna E-plane direction Figure 3 The dB beamwidth is 58°. In comparison, this example achieves a 34.5% expansion of the E-plane pattern beamwidth.

[0049] Figure 6The H-plane directional diagram of the center frequency point of a beam-broadened dipole antenna described in this example is compared with that of a traditional dipole antenna. Figure 3 dB beamwidth 156°, maximum gain attenuation within ±90° is 4.2dB, traditional dipole antenna H-plane direction Figure 3 The dB beamwidth is 132°, and the maximum gain attenuation in the ±90° range is 6.5 dB. In comparison, this example achieves an 18.2% widening of the H-plane radiation pattern beamwidth.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0051] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A beam-broadening dipole antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a dipole patch (2), an opposite parasitic patch (3), a metallized via hole (4), a dipole patch gap (5), a feeding structure (6), a vertical parasitic patch (7), a metal floor (8) and a feeding connector (9); the dielectric substrate (1) is placed vertically, the metal floor (8) is placed horizontally, and the lower edge of the dielectric substrate (1) is connected to the metal floor (8); the front side of the dielectric substrate (1) is printed with the dipole patch (2) and the vertical parasitic patch (7), and the back side of the dielectric substrate (1) is printed with the opposite parasitic patch (3) and the vertical parasitic patch (7); the dipole patch (2) and the opposite parasitic patch (3) are connected by a metallized via hole (4); the dipole patch (2) is printed at the center of the front side of the dielectric substrate (1) in a T-shape, the vertical part is connected to the metal floor (8), and the horizontal part is a oscillator arm.

2. A beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dipole patch gap (5) is provided at the lower edge of the antenna arm of the dipole patch (2).

3. A beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dipole patch (2) has a dipole patch gap (5) which is slotted in a manner of first slotting perpendicularly to the lower edge of the dipole patch (2) arm and then slotting obliquely.

4. The beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed line (6) is printed on the back of the dielectric substrate (1); the inner core of the feed connector (9) passes through the metal floor (8) and is connected to the feed line (6); and the outer core of the feed connector (9) is connected to the metal floor (8).

5. The beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opposite-side parasitic patch (3) is a rectangular patch, and the opposite-side parasitic patch (3) is connected to the printed dipole patch (2) via a metallized via (4).

6. A beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The opposite parasitic patch (3) is located on the opposite side of the ends of the two arms of the dipole patch (2).

7. The beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical parasitic patch (7) is composed of four independent parasitic patches, which are respectively located on the edges of both sides of the front and back sides of the dielectric substrate (1), and the vertical parasitic patches (7) are perpendicular to the metal floor.

8. A method for preparing a beam-broadened dipole antenna, the method being based on a beam-broadened dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Place the dielectric substrate vertically and the metal floor horizontally; Step 2: Connect the lower edge of the dielectric substrate to the metal floor; Step 3: Print a dipole patch on the front side of the dielectric substrate, print an opposite-side parasitic patch on the back side, and connect the dipole patch and the opposite-side parasitic patch with metallized vias. Step 4: Load vertical parasitic patches on both sides of the front and back sides of the printed circuit board.

9. The method for preparing a beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 1-2 also includes: printing a feed line on the back of the dielectric substrate; the inner core of the feed connector passes through the metal floor and is connected to the feed line, and the outer core of the feed connector is connected to the metal floor.

10. The method for preparing a beam-broadening dipole antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 3 also includes: the dipole patch's dipole patch gap is first slotted perpendicularly to the lower edge of the dipole patch arm, and then slotted obliquely; Step 4 also includes: the vertical parasitic patch consists of four pieces, which are respectively located on the edges of both sides of the printed front and back.

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