Vertical photovoltaic system and method of assembling same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stationary vertical photovoltaic system (100) comprising at least: a structure (110); a photovoltaic module (115) supported by the structure; a structural base (120) configured to be rigidly connected to the mounting surface (102); means (125) for positioning the structure on the base, the positioning means being at least freely rotatable and configured to position the structure according to a variable mounting angular position; and means (130) for fixing the angular position of the structure positioning means relative to the structure base.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a vertical photovoltaic system and an assembly method thereof, which is particularly suitable for the field of renewable energy production. Background Art

[0002] In the field of renewable energy production, the use of photovoltaic systems is an efficient solution for converting light energy into electrical energy. However, the assembly of such systems must take into account certain limitations that exist at the installation site. These limitations can be defined according to the topography of the installation site. Thus, when the site has a steep and variable slope, this creates additional difficulties for the assembly of the photovoltaic system.

[0003] Prior art solutions do not describe photovoltaic systems that are suitable for the strict spatial constraints inherent in the installation site. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.

[0005] To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention envisages a fixed vertical photovoltaic system comprising at least:

[0006] - a structure; - a photovoltaic module supported by the structure; - a base of the structure rigidly connected to a mounting surface; - means for positioning the structure on the base, the positioning means being at least freely rotatable and configured to position the structure according to variable mounting angular positions; and - means for fixing the angular position of the structural positioning means relative to the base of the structure.

[0007] Thanks to these measures, the system makes it possible to exploit multiple angular positions of the structure relative to the mounting surface. In this way, the system can adapt to different types of uneven terrain and can be called "all-terrain". It is understood that the fixed vertical photovoltaic system can thus adapt to, for example, the inherent limitations of the mounting surface. In particular, the adaptability of such a photovoltaic system means that multiple mounting surfaces are available. For example, these mounting surfaces are sites with variable slopes. In this way, the photovoltaic system has maximum flexibility.

[0008] In addition, when the PV system is installed on a site with steep and variable slopes, the use of such a system can eliminate the need for:

[0009] - leveling the site; - performing complex positioning calculations and measurements; and / or - using complex electronic positioning systems, such as satellites.

[0010] This makes it easy to assemble the vertical system on the mounting surface.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the structure comprises at least one rod configured to be rigidly connected to at least one module, and the structural base comprises means for positioning the structure.

[0012] Thanks to these measures, the positioning devices are integrated into the structural base. As a result, the transfer of mechanical stresses exerted on the structure and the modules to the structural base is enhanced. Such stresses are static or dynamic mechanical stresses, for example, when photovoltaic systems are assembled on sites exposed to continuous or variable strong winds. As a result, mechanical stresses that lead to premature damage to the structure and the modules are limited.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, the positioning device includes a housing forming a shoulder, and the rod has a shape complementary to the housing.

[0014] Thanks to these measures, the rod is held in the housing within the positioning device while maintaining rotational freedom.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the positioning device further comprises at least one slot configured to allow positioning the rod according to a plurality of angular positions. Due to these measures, the positioning device makes it possible to increase the number of available angular positions when assembling the photovoltaic system. In particular, the system has flexibility and increased adaptability when the installation site has a slope defining a concave or convex area.

[0016] In some optional embodiments, the structure comprises at least one rod configured to be rigidly connected to at least one module, and the positioning device is arranged between the structure base and the structure.

[0017] Due to these measures, the positioning device is decoupled from the structural base and the structure.

[0018] It is thus easier to replace such a positioning device, for example when it is damaged or malfunctions, without having to replace the entire structural base or structure.

[0019] In some alternative embodiments, one of the positioning device and the rod comprises a hole and the other comprises a shaft, the hole and the shaft forming a pivot link whose axis of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of the rod.

[0020] Thanks to these measures, the angular position of the structure is achieved by the pivot links. Thus, the rods supporting the modules have multiple angular positions with one or two degrees of freedom.

[0021] In some optional embodiments, the system also includes an additional device for positioning the structure on the base, the additional positioning device is freely rotatable and includes two elements, each element defining a different surface, the parallel and contacting surfaces are configured to form a pivot link, the axis of rotation of which intersects the mounting surface.

[0022] Due to these measures, the additional positioning device enables an additional rotation according to, for example, inherent restrictions at the installation site or obstacles present at the installation site. The photovoltaic system has an additional degree of rotational freedom. In this way, the flexibility of the photovoltaic system is increased.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, the structure includes at least one cross-member and the structural base includes means for positioning the cross-member.

[0024] Thanks to these measures, the system enables the use of cross members which, for example, can be arranged in a plurality of positions of the structural position. Furthermore, the orientation of the cross member can be modified by positioning means of the structural base. Thus, a plurality of structural and angular position variability can be used. In this way, the system has considerable flexibility.

[0025] In some alternative embodiments, one of the positioning device and the cross member comprises a hole and the other comprises a shaft, the hole forming a pivot link with the shaft, the axis of rotation of which is perpendicular to the axis of the structural base.

[0026] Thanks to these measures, the structure supporting the module can have a plurality of angular positions with one or two degrees of freedom.

[0027] In some alternative embodiments, the photovoltaic modules are rectangular in shape and are secured to the structure and oriented such that the short sides of the modules face the mounting surface.

[0028] Thanks to these measures, the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system are fixed by at least one of their long sides. This improves the resistance to mechanical stresses compared to systems where the modules are fixed by one of their short sides. In particular, the additional support provided to the modules by fixing their long sides allows them to be laid out in a configuration known as "longitudinal". Thus, a more stable and vertical fixed photovoltaic system is assembled on the mounting surface. This system also allows a reduction in the footprint and, in particular, improves compatibility with agricultural activities on the land where it is installed.

[0029] Moreover, such a system is therefore compatible with, for example, agricultural photovoltaics. In particular, when this system is installed on agricultural land, it also has a low hydrological impact on the plants. Thus, a synergy is established, corresponding to the coexistence between a predominantly agricultural activity and the efficient production of energy by one or more photovoltaic systems. This synergy is known as "agricultural photovoltaics", also called "Agri-PV" or "APV".

[0030] According to a second aspect, the present invention contemplates a method for assembling a fixed vertical photovoltaic system, comprising at least: - a step of rigidly connecting a structural base to a mounting surface; - a step of supporting at least one photovoltaic module on the structure; - a step of positioning the structure on the structural base according to at least one variable angular position; and - a step of fixing the angular position of the structure on the structural base.

[0031] Since the specific objects, advantages and features of the assembly method of the present invention are similar to the specific objects, advantages and features of the system of the present invention, they will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Other advantages, objects and specific features of the invention will become apparent from the following non-limiting description of at least one specific embodiment of the system and method that is the subject of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 A first specific embodiment of the system that is the subject of the invention is schematically shown in a front view;

[0034] Figure 2 A first specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown according to three views: the left side is a main view, the middle is a side view, and the right side is a top view;

[0035] Figure 3 A second specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown according to two views: the left side is a main view, and the right side is a top view;

[0036] Figure 4 A third specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown according to two views: the left side is a main view, and the right side is a top view;

[0037] Figure 5 A fourth specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown in a front view;

[0038] Figure 6 A fifth specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown according to two views: the left side is a main view, and the right side is a top view;

[0039] Figure 7 A sixth specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown according to two views: the left side is a main view, and the right side is a top view;

[0040] Figure 8 A seventh specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown according to two views: the left side is a main view, and the right side is a top view;

[0041] Fig. 9 An eighth specific embodiment of the positioning device is schematically shown in a top view;

[0042] Fig.10 Schematically shown in top view Fig. 9 Elements of an eighth specific embodiment of the positioning device shown in;

[0043] Fig.11 A specific embodiment of the system structure is schematically shown in a front view;

[0044] Fig.12 Several specific embodiments of the system structure are schematically shown in front view;

[0045] Fig.13 A second specific embodiment of the system that is the subject of the invention is schematically shown in a front view;

[0046] Fig.14 Schematically shown in front view Fig.13 A variation of the second embodiment shown in ;

[0047] Fig.15 Schematically shown in front view Fig.13 A variation of the second embodiment shown in ;

[0048] Fig.16 A specific embodiment of the system structure is schematically shown in a front view;

[0049] Fig.17 Schematically shown in front view Fig.16 A specific embodiment of the structure supporting the photovoltaic module is shown;

[0050] Fig.18 Two specific embodiments of the cross member are schematically shown in side view;

[0051] Fig.19 A first specific embodiment of a rod is schematically shown in top view and in cross-section;

[0052] Fig. 20 Specific rods, modules and modules of the fixture are schematically shown in top view and cross-section;

[0053] Fig.21 Five specific embodiments of the secondary cross-member are schematically shown in side view and cross-section;

[0054] Fig. 22 Three specific embodiments of the secondary cross-member are schematically shown in side view and in cross section;

[0055] Fig.23 Three specific embodiments of secondary cross-members are schematically shown in side view and in cross section; and

[0056] Fig.24 A series of specific steps of the method of the subject invention are schematically shown in the form of a logic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present description is given in a non-limiting manner, wherein each feature of an embodiment may be combined in an advantageous manner with any other feature of any other embodiment.

[0058] Throughout the specification, the term "on" refers to Figure 1 , Figure 2 The left and middle of Figure 3 The left side of Figure 4 The left side of Figure 5 , Figure 6 The left side of Figure 7 The left side of Figure 8 The left side of Figures 13 to 15 and Fig.17 , Fig.18 , Figure 21 to Figure 23 The top of the diagram corresponds to the normal use configuration of the system, while the term "below" refers to the Figure 1 , Figure 2 The left and middle of Figure 3 The left side of Figure 4 The left side of Figure 5 , Figure 6 The left side of Figure 7 The left side of Figure 8 The left side of Figures 13 to 18 , Figure 21 to Figure 23 The term "rear" refers to the Figure 1 , Figures 13 to 15 and Fig.17 The term "front" refers to the area behind the plane of Figure 1 and Figures 13 to 15 The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" flow from these definitions. Fig.12 , 19 and 21, the term "top" means located at or toward the top, in Fig.12 , 19 In 21 and 22, the term "bottom" means located at the bottom. Figures 2 to 4 In , 6 to 8, 10, 18, 21, 22 and 23, the term "left" means located on the left side. Figures 2 to 4 In , 6 to 8, 10, 18, 22 and 23, the term "right" means located on the right side. Figure 2 , 19 In , 22 and 23, the term "center" means located at the center. Figures 1 to 10The systems shown in 13 to 15 each have an axis A corresponding to the axis of the rod and an axis B corresponding to the axis of rotation of the positioning device when the system is not fixed, axis B being perpendicular to the axis A of the rod and preferably perpendicular to the plane formed by the module. Figures 13 to 15 The systems shown each have an axis D corresponding to the axis of the base of the structure and an axis B corresponding to the axis of rotation of the positioning device when the system is not fixed, axis B being perpendicular to axis D. Fig. 9 The system shown has an axis C of the second positioning device intersecting the mounting surface and perpendicular to the axis B.

[0059] Note the following definitions:

[0060] The term "bifacial module" refers to a module that uses two sides to generate electricity. The two sides of a module are the two largest surfaces. Bifacial modules allow light to be transmitted to the front and back of its photovoltaic cells, which are also bifacial. Bifacial photovoltaic cells can use both sides to generate electricity. Generally, there will be a junction box on the back of the module, and the amount of electricity generated by the back is usually less than the amount of electricity generated by the front. The term "double glass module" refers to a module that is made of glass on both the front and back. The term "increased power production" refers to an increase in power production, such as due to more solar energy reaching the photovoltaic cells of the module. The term "ground-facing" refers to the installation configuration in which, when the photovoltaic module is rectangular, one short side of the photovoltaic module is closer to the ground than the other short side of the photovoltaic module.

[0061] The term "C-shaped" used to define the shape of the cross-member refers to a general shape having the following characteristics: - a supporting side, which supports the elements and is substantially horizontal; - a side opposite the supporting side, which does not support the elements and is substantially horizontal;

[0062] The supporting side is connected to the opposite side via two sides, which correspond to the front side and the rear side, respectively, the front side or the rear side being at least partially free of material.

[0063] The term "U-shaped" used to define the shape of the cross-member refers to a general shape having the following characteristics: - a supporting side, which supports the elements and is substantially horizontal; - a side opposite the supporting side, which does not support the elements and is substantially horizontal and partially free of material;

[0064] The supporting side is connected to the opposite side through two sides, which correspond to the front side and the back side.

[0065] The term "mounting surface" refers to a surface on which a photovoltaic system is assembled or arranged. For example, such a surface refers to the installation ground. For example, such an installation ground is agricultural land. The term "static or dynamic mechanical stresses" refers to stresses exerted on the photovoltaic system. In particular, these stresses depend on the characteristics of the installation site. For example, such stresses are exerted by the wind exerted on the surface of the photovoltaic modules. The term "vertical photovoltaic system" refers to a system or part of a system that defines at least one plane that is substantially perpendicular to the installation surface. For example, the installation surface forms a horizontal plane. The term "fixed photovoltaic system" refers to a system with a fixed spatial position (in particular angular and linear). In other words, a fixed photovoltaic system does not correspond to a mobile photovoltaic system. Such a mobile photovoltaic system is, for example, a system that activates the modules according to the path of the sun.

[0066] Now it is important to note that these figures are not drawn to scale.

[0067] Figure 1 Not drawn to scale, a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system 100 of the subject matter of the present invention is shown. As can be seen, the fixed vertical system 100 comprises at least one structure 110 and at least one photovoltaic module 115 supported by the structure 110.

[0068] As can be seen, the system 100 also comprises: a structural base 120 ; means 125 for positioning the structure 110 on the structural base 120 ; and means 130 for rigidly connecting the positioning means 125 .

[0069] Note: - the structural base 120 is configured to be rigidly connected to the mounting surface 102; - the positioning device 125 is at least freely rotatable and is configured to position the structure 110 according to a variable mounting angular position; and - the connecting device 130 is configured to fix the angular position of the structure 110 relative to the structural base 120.

[0070] In some embodiments, for example Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the surfaces defined by the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic module 115 form a parallelepiped.

[0071] In some embodiments (not shown), at least two photovoltaic modules 115 are vertically arranged in the system 100 , with one photovoltaic module 115 arranged above another photovoltaic module 115 .

[0072] In some embodiments, photovoltaic module 115 is framed. In some variations, photovoltaic module 115 is frameless. In other words, there is no fixed frame at the fixed edge of module 115. For example, photovoltaic module 115 is a frameless double glass module.

[0073] In some embodiments, for example Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, photovoltaic module 115 is rectangular. It can be seen that module 115 is secured to structure 110 and is oriented such that the short side of module 115 faces mounting surface 102.

[0074] In some embodiments, for example Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the structure 110 supporting at least one photovoltaic module 115 is a bracket. Figure 1 Three photovoltaic modules 115 are shown supported by a bracket 110. Specifically, the bracket 110 includes a lower horizontal element that supports the short sides of the rectangular photovoltaic modules 115. For example, such horizontal elements are cross members. Note that the bracket 110 also includes vertical elements that rigidly connect the long sides of the photovoltaic modules 115. For example, such vertical elements correspond to poles or columns.

[0075] In some embodiments, for example Figure 1 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , structure base 120 is configured to be rigidly connected to mounting surface 102. Note that structure 120 may include a plurality of assemblable components. Figure 1 A structural base 120 is shown that includes a stud 103. The stud 103 is made of, for example, concrete or metal. The stud 103 is passed through, for example, by an element 104 anchored in the installation ground 102, which is configured to securely connect the structural base 102. The element 104 is, for example, a column anchored in the ground or a set of screws.

[0076] Please note, Figure 1 The bracket 110 shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, assembled in a factory and then transported to the installation site 102 , assembled in a specific assembly area, or assembled at the installation site 102 .

[0077] Figure 1 A single structural base 120 is shown supporting two brackets 110. In some variations, the two brackets 110 are supported by two different structural bases 120.

[0078] In some embodiments, for example Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the system 100 comprises: a structure 110 comprising at least one rod 101 having an axis A, configured to be rigidly connected to at least one module 115 ; and a structural base 120 comprising means 125 for positioning the structure.

[0079] Figure 1 The rod 101 of the structure 110 is shown having an axis A which is parallel to the largest dimension of the rod 101. For example, when the rod 101 is a tapered cylinder, the axis A is parallel to the generatrix of the tapered cylinder. For example, when the rod 101 is a polyhedron, the axis A is parallel to the edge having the largest dimension.

[0080] In some embodiments, for example Figure 2In the embodiment shown, the positioning device 125 includes a housing 106. The housing 106 has a shape configured to surround the end of the rod 101. Note that the end of the rod 101 has a shape 108 that is complementary to the housing 106. The housing 106 forms a shoulder 107, such as Figure 2 The shoulder 107 abuts against the shape 108 at the end of the rod 101, thereby retaining the shape 108 in the housing 106. In other words, the stop formed by the shoulder 107 prevents the complementary shape 108 from being displaced.

[0081] Figure 2 It is shown that when the system 100 is assembled, the positioning device 125 can rotate freely at least about the axis B. The positioning device 125 is configured to position the structure 110 according to a variable installation angle position through its rotational freedom during the assembly process. Figure 2 The left side of is represented by a curved double-headed arrow. Through this rotational freedom, the system 100 can obtain a variety of angular positions. Preferably, the elements of the device 125 form a pivot link. In particular, the different angles defining the angular positions associated with the pivot link are contained in a plane that is generally perpendicular to the mounting surface 102 or horizontal plane.

[0082] In some embodiments, for example Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the positioning device 125 includes at least one slot 109 and / or 121. The slots 109 and / or 121 are configured to allow the rod 101 to be positioned according to a plurality of angular positions. Specifically, Figure 2 The side slot 121 shown on the right provides an additional rotation range for the pivot link having the rotation axis B. In other words, the stud 103 includes a side slot 121 (also called a side opening) to easily change the inclination of the bracket 110. In some variations, for example Figure 3 In the variant shown, the central slot 109 also provides an additional range of rotation for the pivot link having the rotation axis B. In particular, such a central slot 109 increases the adaptability of the system 100 when the mounting location 102 has, for example, a convex or concave surface.

[0083] In some embodiments (not shown), the means 130 for rigidly connecting the positioning device 125 includes at least one bolt. For example, the ends of the stud 103 and the rod 101 each have a tapped hole, which is aligned and the tapping is adapted to the thread of the bolt. In other words, the bolt passes through the stud 103 and is screwed into the end of the rod 101. In other examples, only the stud includes a tapped hole, and the bolt pushes the end of the rod 101 to a stop position when screwed in. In other embodiments (not shown), the connector 130 of the positioning device 125 includes at least two bolts. These bolts can be screwed in according to the same structural features defined above.

[0084] In some embodiments (not shown), the stud 103 has a through hole, and the connecting device 130 includes a module formed by a crossbar and a bolt. Such a crossbar has at least one dimension larger than the opening of the stud 103. For example, the ends of the crossbar and the base include holes with tapping. These holes are aligned and tapped to fit the threads of the bolts. Specifically, when the connecting device 130 fixes the angular position, the bolts are tightened and rigidly connect the crossbar and the rod 101 of the structure 110. Note that when the bolts are tightened, such a crossbar contacts the stud 103. In some variations, another module including a crossbar and a bolt rigidly connects the rod 101 of the structure 110 to the stud 103 on the other side of the through hole.

[0085] In some embodiments, for example Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the end of the rod 101 of the structure 110 comprises a hole 122, and the positioning device 125 comprises an axis 123. Note that the hole 122 and the axis 123 form a pivot link whose rotation axis B is perpendicular to the axis A of the rod 101.

[0086] In some embodiments, for example Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the positioning device 125 and the connecting device 130 have common elements, such as the axis 123 and the hole 122. Note that the connecting device 130 also includes a nut for fixing the angular position of the pivot link. In other words, by tightening the bolt on the surface of the stud 103, the rod 101 is fixed in the stud 103. Figure 4 An axis 123 is shown including a shoulder configured to compress the structure 110 against the stud 103 when the bolt 130 is tightened.

[0087] In some variations, for example Figure 5 In the variant shown in , the rod 101 is rigidly connected to a freely rotatable intermediate element 111. Note that the intermediate element 111 is, for example:

[0088] - is bolted to the structure 110, and - is fixed to the stud 103 by means of a connection device having similar structural features to those described above.

[0089] In some embodiments, for example Figures 6 to 10 In the embodiment shown, the system 100 comprises: a structure 110 comprising at least one rod 101 having an axis A, the rod 101 being configured to be rigidly connected to at least one module 115 ; and a positioning device 125 arranged between a structural base 120 and the structure 110 .

[0090] In some embodiments, for example Figure 6In the embodiment shown, the positioning device 125 comprises an intermediate portion 113 and an intermediate element 111, which are arranged between the structural base 120 and the structure 110. In other words, the intermediate portion 113 and the intermediate element 111 are rigidly connected and arranged above the stud 103. Figure 6 The structure 110 is shown rigidly connected to the intermediate element 111 by means of a screw set 112. Note that one of the intermediate portion 113 and the intermediate element 111 includes a shaft and the other includes a hole, the shaft and the hole forming a pivot link. This pivot link and connection 130 can be used in the same manner as Figure 5 The embodiments described in the invention are produced in a similar manner.

[0091] In some embodiments, for example Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the positioning device 125 also includes a panel 113 disposed between the structural base 120 and the structure 110. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The structural features of the positioning device 125 shown are also applicable to Figure 7 The positioning device 125 is shown.

[0092] In some embodiments, for example Figure 8 In the embodiment shown, the panel 113 separates the base 120 from the structure 110. Note that in these embodiments, a portion of the rod 101 of the structure 110 is slid to the location of the cylindrical rod 124 of the panel 113. Note that the axis B is parallel to the generatrix of the cylindrical rod 124. The portion of the rod 101 of the structure 110 is fixed in an angular position by a connection device 130, which includes, for example, a bolt and nut system.

[0093] In these embodiments, for example Figure 8 In the embodiment shown on the left, the system 110 comprises a hole 117. This hole has a circular shape with a notch through the inside of the circle. The hole 117 is also called a "pivot point". The cylindrical rod 124 of the panel 113 forms an axis. Thus, the hole 117 and the cylindrical rod 124 form a pivot link with a rotation axis B. Note that the panel 113 is positioned at the location of this hole 117 and has, for example, a size that is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the circular shape. Thus, a plurality of angular positions can be achieved by this arrangement. Figure 8 On the left, the rotational degree of freedom of the positioning device 125 is indicated by a curved double-headed arrow.

[0094] In some variations, for example Fig.11 and 12In the variation shown in FIG. 1 , one or more holes 117 are arranged at different positions of the structure 110. These holes 117 are located on the structure 110 (also referred to as the bracket 110) to increase the flexibility of installation on a site 102 with a slope. For example, the number and position of the holes 117 on the bracket 110 will be selected according to the steepness of the slope of the installation site 102.

[0095] In some embodiments, for example Fig. 9 and 10 In the embodiment shown, the system 100 also includes an additional device 126 for positioning the structure 110 on the base 120. Such additional device 126 is freely rotatable. In these embodiments, the positioning device 125 and the additional positioning device 126 are located on a single element 113 corresponding to the panel.

[0096] In these embodiments, the additional second positioning device 126 includes two elements 114 and 116. Specifically, the panel 113 has two parts 114 and 116. Note that each element 114 and 116 defines a different surface, which is parallel and in contact. These surfaces are configured to form a pivot link, whose rotation axis C intersects the mounting surface 102. Preferably, the rotation axis C is perpendicular to the mounting surface 102 or a horizontal line. In addition, the pivot link on the axis C is perpendicular to the rotation axis B of the other pivot link. Specifically, the different angles defining the angular position associated with the pivot link are contained in a plane that is substantially parallel to the mounting surface 102. Note that this pivot link of the additional positioning device 126 forms a hinge.

[0097] In some embodiments (not shown), the panels 113 are offset relative to the structural base 120 to facilitate tilting of the bracket 110 .

[0098] In some embodiments, the passage of the cables 302 of the modules 115 is performed above or below the panel 113. In some variations, a protective duct for the cables 302 is incorporated into the panel 113.

[0099] Fig.13 Not drawn to scale, a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system 200 of the inventive subject matter is shown.

[0100] Fig.13 A fixed vertical photovoltaic system 200 is shown, which includes at least one structure 210 and at least one photovoltaic module 115 supported by the structure 210. Such a structure 210 is also Fig.16 and Fig.17 Shown in.

[0101] As can be seen, the system 200 also comprises: a structural base 220 ; means 225 for positioning the structure 210 on the structural base 220 ; and means 130 for rigidly connecting the positioning means 225 .

[0102] Note: - the structural base 220 is configured to be rigidly connected to the mounting surface 102; - the positioning device 225 is at least freely rotatable and is configured to position the structure 210 according to a variable mounting angular position; and - the connecting device 130 is configured to fix the angular position of the structure 210 relative to the structural base 220.

[0103] In some embodiments, for example Fig.13 In the illustrated embodiment, the structural base 220 includes a portion that is anchored in the ground at the installation site 102. The structural base 220 specifically includes a column 104 or a pile 104 that is rigidly connected to the installation surface 102.

[0104] In some embodiments, for example Figures 13 to 15 In the illustrated embodiment, the photovoltaic system 200 includes a structure 210 including at least one cross member 201. In some embodiments, for example Fig.16 In the embodiment shown, the cross member 201 has different profiles. Fig.18 The left side has a square outline, Fig.18 The right side has a hexagonal profile. Preferably, the profile of the cross member 201 is hexagonal. In this case, the direct and diffuse solar radiation ( Fig.18 The arrow on the right indicates maximization.

[0105] In some embodiments, for example Fig.13 In the illustrated embodiment, the photovoltaic system 200 further comprises a structural base 220 comprising means 225 for positioning the cross-member 201 .

[0106] Fig.13 A structure 210 is shown, which comprises at least one rod 101 for supporting one or two photovoltaic modules 115. Preferably, each axis A of the rod 101 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cross-member 201. Please note that the rod 101 is also called "parallel rod". The cross-member 201 is fixed to the parallel rod 101 by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0107] In these embodiments, the cross member 201 includes a hole 203, such as Fig.16 and 17As shown. Note that the structural base 220 includes, for example, a shaft (not shown). The hole 203 and the shaft form a pivot link, whose rotation axis B is perpendicular to the axis D of the structural base 220. In other words, the cross member 201 can rotate freely at least about the axis B. For example, when the base 220 is a tapered cylinder, the axis D is parallel to the generatrix of the tapered cylinder. For example, when the rod 101 is a polyhedron, the axis D is parallel to the edge with the largest dimension.

[0108] In some embodiments, for example Fig.13 In the embodiment shown, the connection device 130 comprises bolts. Specifically, the bolts of the connection device 130 fix the cross member 201 and the structural base 220 according to a predetermined angular position. In other words, the part of the cross member 201 of the structure 210 is fixed at an angular position by the connection device 130.

[0109] In some variations, for example Fig.14 and 15 In the variant shown in , the structure 210 comprises an additional cross member 202. In other words, the structure 210 comprises a lower cross member 202 and an upper cross member 201. In particular, the photovoltaic module 115 is rigidly connected to two cross members 201 and 202, which are preferably parallel to each other. Note that the structural base 220 is fixed to the end of each cross member 201 and 202 by means of the connection means 130.

[0110] Preferably, the structural base 220 has a lower portion 222 and an upper portion 221, such as Fig.15 As shown. Note that the lower part 222 forms a sliding channel, while the upper part 221 forms a slider, and the sliding channel and the slider form a sliding link. The sliding link is fixed, for example, by bolts or any method known to those skilled in the art. In particular, when the bolts are tightened, the lower part 222 exerts pressure on the upper part 221 to fix the sliding link. Such a sliding link is configured to adjust the height of the structural base 220 according to, for example, the slope of the installation site. In addition, a constant spacing is obtained between the two cross members 201 and 202. Therefore, the mechanical stress applied at the position of the clips and photovoltaic modules 115 arranged between the cross members 201 and 202 is limited.

[0111] In some embodiments, for example Figures 13 to 15 In the illustrated embodiment, the photovoltaic module 115 is rectangular. It can be seen that the module 115 is secured to the structure 210 and is oriented such that the short side of the module 115 faces the mounting surface 102.

[0112] Unless otherwise stated, the following embodiments and variations apply to both systems 100 and 200 .

[0113] In some embodiments, for example Fig.19In the embodiment shown, at least one rod 101 has a cross-sectional profile 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022 or 1023 having the following shapes: - a triangle 1012, also as Fig. 20 as shown; - rectangular 1011; - symmetrical H 1013; - asymmetrical H 1014; - tilted H 1020; - crosses 1017, 1018 and 1019; - C 1015; - F 1016; - T (not shown); - tilted T 1022; - offset tilted T 1021; or - tilted Z 1023.

[0114] Fig. 20 The path of solar radiation is shown, indicated by arrows. It is worth noting that when the pole 101 is made of an at least partially reflective material, a portion of the light reaching the pole 101 will be reflected to the module 115. Therefore, when the module 115 is bifacial, the power production is increased.

[0115] Note that the cross-sectional profile of rod 101 is selected from the above cross-sectional profiles based on factors such as: - required mechanical resistance; - installation constraints; - minimizing production and installation costs; and / or - reducing vertical shadows behind module 115 when module 115 is double-sided.

[0116] Thus, the installation ease and mechanical resistance of the photovoltaic system 100 or 200 are improved. In addition, the system 100 or 200 has reduced vertical shadows on the back side of the module 115. When the module 115 is bifacial, the power production is increased. In addition, when the pole 101 has one of the various cross-sectional profiles described above and is at least partially made of reflective material, an optimal reflection of sunlight on the photovoltaic module 115 is achieved. This promotes an increase in power production.

[0117] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 115 of the system 100 or 200 is fixed to the pole 101 by: - ​​at least one bolt and nut module (not shown), which can prevent the photovoltaic module 115 from falling off and sliding off; - at least one clamping system, such as Fig. 20 As shown, in particular the photovoltaic module 115 can be prevented from falling off; at least one spring (not shown); and / or at least one holder, such as a clamp (not shown).

[0118] In some embodiments, the front surface of photovoltaic module 115 is aligned with the front surface defined by pole 101 of system 100 or 200. In other words, the front surface of photovoltaic module 115 is not disposed rearwardly relative to the front surface defined by pole 101.

[0119] In these embodiments, the exposure of the front side of the photovoltaic module 115 to light is increased due to the reduced shadowing. Note that when the photovoltaic module 115 is bifacial, this preferential exposure of the front side results in a larger shadow cast by the back side. However, the front side of the module 115 is more efficient at converting solar energy into electrical energy than the back side of the module 115. Therefore, despite the shadow on the back side of the module 115, this preferential exposure of the front side of the module 115 to light still promotes increased electricity production.

[0120] Note that this solution has a lower requirement for bifaciality when the front side of the module 115 is preferably exposed to light. In other words, the positioning of the photovoltaic module 115 does not depend on bifaciality. Therefore, for the system 100 or 200, a wider range of photovoltaic modules 115 can be selected, especially photovoltaic modules 115 with lower economic cost.

[0121] When installing a photovoltaic system 100 and 200 having at least one row of modules 115, the front face of the modules 115 can be oriented according to the performance selection of the system 100 and 200. For example, the front face of the module 115 is oriented from due east to due west. Therefore, there is a great degree of freedom in the orientation of the row of modules 115. Therefore, according to the orientation of the row of the photovoltaic system 100 or 200 and according to the choice of the surface of the pole 101 to be aligned with the front face of the module 115, a range of electrical profiles can be obtained. In particular, this directional flexibility can be used, for example: - to adjust the system 100 and 200 according to the space constraints inherent in the installation site; and / or - to position the system 100 and 200 at a location to reduce exposure to strong winds.

[0122] In some variations, when the installation site 102 is a farmland, the installation is performed using flexibility of direction, such as being arranged in a straight line from south to north. Such photovoltaic systems 100 and 200 are preferably installed so that the farmland receives a uniform amount of light.

[0123] In some embodiments, for example Figure 21 to Figure 23 In the embodiment shown, the system 100 or 200 further comprises at least one secondary cross-member 301. In particular, such secondary cross-member 301 is comprised in the structure 110 or 210.

[0124] In these embodiments, the secondary cross-member 301 is arranged below the photovoltaic module 115. In this configuration, the photovoltaic system 100 or 200 is located on one mounting surface 102, and the module 115 is located opposite the surface 102. The secondary cross-member 301 has two ends (not shown), each of which includes a fastener. Each fastener is configured to secure a single end of the secondary cross-member 301 to a pole 101 of the system 100 or 200. Note that the secondary cross-member 301 is arranged and secured between at least two poles 101.

[0125] In these embodiments, when the photovoltaic module 115 is rectangular and has two short sides and two long sides, the short sides of the photovoltaic module 115 are therefore placed along the secondary cross-members 301. In this way, the risk of the photovoltaic module 115 sliding down during the downward vertical movement is limited, in particular during the installation of the photovoltaic system 100 or 200.

[0126] There are several possible embodiments of the cross-sectional profile of the secondary cross-member 301. These different embodiments are Figure 21 to Figure 23 Shown in.

[0127] In some embodiments, the secondary cross-member 301 has a cross-sectional profile of the following shape: -C, such as Fig.21 The two shapes at the top; or - an inverted U, such as Fig.21 The three shapes at the bottom are shown.

[0128] In some embodiments, for example Fig. 22 In the illustrated embodiment, the secondary cross member 301 also includes an upper edge that contacts the photovoltaic module 115 and a lower edge that is configured to hold a cable 302 connected to the photovoltaic module 115. Preferably, the lower edge is a rail. Note that the lower edge is defined by a width and a height. In this way, the cable 302 is protected and oriented according to the predefined usage constraints of the photovoltaic system 100 or 200.

[0129] In some embodiments, for example Fig. 22 The embodiment shown, Fig. 22 The width of the lower edge of the secondary cross member 301 shown on the left is greater than Fig. 22 The width of the lower edge of the secondary cross member 301 is shown in the center and on the right. It can also be seen that Fig. 22 The height of the lower edge of the secondary cross member 301 shown on the right is greater than Fig. 22 The height of the lower edge of the secondary cross member 301 is shown in the center and on the left, respectively.

[0130] Preferably, when the modules 115 are connected in series, the length of the positive cable 302 of the photovoltaic module 115 is different (shorter or longer) than the length of the negative cable 302 of the photovoltaic module 115. Therefore, the connectors (not shown) between the modules 115 are protected by the secondary cross-member 301. The modules 115 are connected in series in a chain, called a "string", known to those skilled in the art. In other words, the positive cable 302 of the first module 115 is connected to the negative cable 302 of the second module 115 by a connector. In this configuration, if the length of the positive cable of the first module 115 is equal to the length of the negative cable 302 of the second module 115, the connectors of these two cables 302 reach the position of the pole 101. In some cases, such an arrangement of the connectors should be avoided, in particular when the cables 302 are located at the bottom of the module 115, i.e. at the position of the short side arranged facing the ground 102. In this case, the connectors are not protected by the secondary cross-member 301. Therefore, the difference in length between the positive cable 302 and the negative cable 302 makes it possible to avoid such an arrangement of the connectors, thereby enabling the connectors to be protected by the secondary cross-member 301 .

[0131] In some embodiments (not shown), the secondary cross member 301 includes at least one hole or perforation shape on the upper edge or the rear edge. It should be noted that the rear edge of the secondary cross member 301 is located on the same side as the junction box of the photovoltaic module 115. The hole of the secondary cross member 301 is configured to facilitate the passage of the cable 302 of the photovoltaic module 115.

[0132] In some embodiments (not shown), the secondary cross-member 301 is configured to at least partially surround at least one rod 101 .

[0133] Therefore, the assembly of the module 115 and the structure 110 or 210 is more compact, and the stability of the system is thus improved.

[0134] For example, the secondary cross member 301 has longitudinal and / or transverse grooves. Note that these grooves are configured to partially or completely surround the rod 101.

[0135] In some embodiments (not shown), the fastening means of the secondary cross-member 301 comprise at least one intermediate fastening means configured to complete the closure around at least one rod 101 of the structure 110 or 210. This thus strengthens the fixation of the cross-member to the rod 101.

[0136] In some variants (not shown), the fasteners of the secondary cross-member 301 comprise at least one L-shaped intermediate fastener comprising: an upper portion configured to be fixed to a rod 101 , 110 or 210 of the structure, and a lower portion perpendicular to the upper portion and to the rod 101 and configured to support the secondary cross-member 301 .

[0137] This strengthens the support of the structure 110 or 210 for the module 101, thereby limiting the mechanical stresses due to gravity.

[0138] Specifically, when the structure 110 or 210 includes two rods 101 and two brackets are rigidly connected to each rod 101, the bracket is a support for the end of the cross member 301. Please note that the rigid connection of the bracket to the rod 101 can be achieved by any means known to those skilled in the art. For example, the rigid connection is achieved by bolts configured to connect the rod 101 to the upper part of the bracket.

[0139] In some embodiments, for example Fig.23 In the embodiment shown in , the secondary cross-member 301 is at least partially made of a light-reflecting material and has a C-shaped cross-sectional profile. Fig.23 In , light rays are represented by straight arrows. For example, Fig.23 Indirect light radiation on the photovoltaic module 105 is shown. The indirect light radiation is the result of reflection of one or more light rays directly impinging on the back side of the reflective secondary cross-member 301 .

[0140] In some embodiments, for example Figure 1 and Figures 13 to 15 In the illustrated embodiment, the system 100 or 200 does not include a horizontal element connecting two poles 101, such as a beam, a cross member, a hanger or a support, which is arranged above the portion of the module 115 that does not face the installation ground 102. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two poles 101 or two parallel poles 101 is arranged above the portion of the module 115 that is farthest from the ground 102. For example, when the module is rectangular, the photovoltaic system 100 or 200 does not include any horizontal element connecting two poles, which is arranged above the short side of the module 115 that does not face the installation ground 102. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two parallel poles 101 is arranged above the short side of the module 115 that is farthest from the ground.

[0141] Thus, the amount of installation material is reduced. This reduces the installation costs and the impact on the environment. Furthermore, the photovoltaic system 100 or 200 is able to better manage the light that strikes the photovoltaic module 115, thereby reducing the shadows caused by the use of a more complex structure, in particular the inclusion of an upper horizontal element. In fact, such a system 100 or 200 is able to achieve maximum solar radiation in front of and behind the module. Thus, the power generation is increased.

[0142] Fig.24A schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of a method 400 of the subject matter of the present invention is shown. The method 400 is a method for assembling a fixed vertical photovoltaic system. The assembly method 400 comprises at least: - step 401: rigidly connecting a structural base to a mounting surface; - step 402: supporting at least one photovoltaic module on the structure; - step 403: positioning the structure on the structural base according to a variable angular position; and - step 404: fixing the angular position of the structure on the structural base.

[0143] During a connecting step 401 , the structural base is rigidly connected to a mounting surface, for example, using stakes.

[0144] During the supporting step 402 , the photovoltaic module is connected to the structure such that the photovoltaic module is supported by the structure.

[0145] It is worth noting that these steps can be performed consecutively or in a different order.

[0146] Thus, it may be chosen to carry out a step of, for example, positioning the structure on a structural foundation before the step of fixing the photovoltaic module to the structure.

[0147] During a positioning step 403, the structure is positioned on the structure base according to variable angular positions. For example, the different angles defining the angular positions are contained in a plane that is generally perpendicular to the mounting surface. The selection of the angular positions is selected based on, for example, the steepness of a slope at the installation site. In some variants, the selection of at least one angular position is based on, for example, the presence of obstacles at the installation site, the angular position being defined, for example, by different vertical planes of the system that are orthogonal relative to the mounting surface.

[0148] During the fixing step 404, the angular position of the structure on the structure base is fixed. In some variations, the structure has a partially fixed angular position. In other words, the structure has an angular mobility that is only effective under certain conditions. Specifically, this partial mobility exists when certain stresses are applied to the system. For example, when the installation site is subjected to an earthquake or ground shaking, the angular position of the structure changes depending on the mechanical stress applied to the system. In other words, if there is no such mechanical stress, the angular position of the structure is fixed.

[0149] In some embodiments, implementation method 400 includes: - a step of rigidly connecting a structural base to a mounting surface; - a step of positioning a template on a first structural base; - a step of connecting a second structural base to the mounting surface based on the positioning of the template; - a step of rigidly connecting the second structural base to the mounting surface; - a step of removing the template; - a step of positioning the structure on the structural base according to a variable angular position; - a step of supporting a photovoltaic module on the structure; and - a fixing step for fixing the angular position of the structure on the structural base.

[0150] In some variants, the template positioning step is not performed in the implementation method 400. Alternatively, the position of the second structural base is determined by a precise positioning system, such as a "GPS" system, also known as a navigation aid.

[0151] Preferably, the devices of systems 100 and 200 are configured to implement the steps of method 400 and its embodiments as described above, and method 400 and its different embodiments may be implemented by the devices of systems 100 and 200 .

Claims

1. A fixed vertical photovoltaic system (100, 200), characterized in that: At least: Structure (110, 210); a photovoltaic module (115) supported by the structure; a structural base (120, 220) configured to be rigidly connected to a mounting surface (102); means (125) for positioning the structure on the base, the positioning means being at least freely rotatable and configured to position the structure according to a variable mounting angle position; as well as Means (130) for fixing the angular position of the structural positioning device relative to the structural base.

2. The system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure (110) comprises at least one rod (101) configured to be rigidly connected to at least one module (115); and The structural base (120) comprises the structural positioning device (125).

3. The system (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that The positioning device (125) comprises a housing (106) forming a shoulder (107), and the rod (101) comprises a shape (108) complementary to the housing.

4. The system (100) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that The positioning device (125) also includes at least one slot (109, 121) configured to allow positioning of the rod (101) according to a plurality of angular positions.

5. The system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure comprises at least one rod (101) configured to be rigidly connected to at least one module (115); and A positioning device (125) is arranged between the structural base (120) and the structure (110).

6. The system (100) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that One of the positioning device (125) and the rod (101) comprises a hole (117, 122) and the other comprises a shaft (123), the hole and the shaft forming a pivot link, the axis of rotation (B) of the pivot link being perpendicular to the axis (A) of the rod.

7. A system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an additional device (126) for positioning the structure (110) on the base (120); and the additional positioning device is freely rotatable and comprises two elements (114, 116), each element defining a different surface, the parallel and contacting surfaces being configured to form a pivot link, the axis of rotation (C) of the pivot link intersecting the mounting surface (102).

8. The system (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure (210) comprises at least one cross member (201); and The structural base (220) comprises means (225) for positioning the cross-member.

9. The system (200) according to claim 8, characterized in that One of the positioning device (225) and the cross member (201) comprises a hole (203) and the other comprises a shaft, the hole and the shaft forming a pivot link, the axis of rotation of the pivot link being perpendicular to the axis (D) of the structural base (220).

10. The system (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The photovoltaic module (115) is rectangular in shape, secured to the structure (120, 220) and oriented such that a short side of the module faces the mounting surface (102).

11. A method (400) for assembling a fixed vertical photovoltaic system, characterized in that: At least: The step of rigidly connecting a structural base to a mounting surface (401); The step of structurally supporting at least one photovoltaic module (402); a step of positioning the structure on the structure base according to at least one variable angular position (403); and The step of fixing the angular position of the structure on the base of the structure (404).

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