Method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat field by using functional plant combination

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for conserving predatory natural enemies in a wheat field by using a functional plant combination, and belongs to the technical field of ecological prevention and control of agricultural pests. According to the method, before wheat is sown, functional plant zones for intercropping cnidium monnieri and broad beans are arranged on ridges and roadsides of a wheat field. The cnidium monnieri and the broad beans are planted in the wheat field system, a nutrient source and a sheltering place can be provided for natural enemy insects, predatory natural enemies such as hoverflies, ladybirds and spiders are attracted to migrate in advance, and the population number of the predatory natural enemies is increased; the predatory natural enemy with conservation of the functional plant formed by combining the cnidium monnieri and the broad beans can enter a wheat field to play a role when the wheat pests occur, and the survivability and the pest control ability of the predatory natural enemy are enhanced, so that the pest population density is controlled, the ecological control effect on the wheat pests is realized, and the pesticide consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological prevention and control of agricultural pests, and in particular to a method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields by utilizing a combination of functional plants. Background Art

[0002] Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an important food crop in the world and one of the three major food crops in my country. Its safe production is crucial to maintaining the health of the Chinese people and the stability of the economy. The frequent recurrence of wheat pests such as Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphumpadi is an important limiting factor threatening the stable and high yield of wheat. At present, chemical control is still the main method for the main pests of wheat in production, but the irrational use of pesticides has caused increasingly serious agricultural ecological and environmental problems and will also bring hidden dangers to the quality and safety of agricultural products.

[0003] Natural enemy insects play an important role in agricultural production and are one of the important factors in inhibiting the development of field pests. Wheat field crops and surrounding non-crop habitats contain a variety of predatory natural enemies, including ladybugs, spiders, aphid flies, etc. These natural enemies have good predation and control effects on wheat aphids and have great potential in the research and application of green control technology in wheat fields. Natural enemy insects need to supplement pollen and nectar during the development and reproduction process, so it is becoming more and more common to use functional plants (nectar plants) to provide nectar and pollen resources for natural enemies. For example, alfalfa functional plant belts are planted on the edge of cotton belts, and natural enemies such as ladybugs that are pre-expanded by aphids on alfalfa can be transferred to cotton to control cotton aphids. Non-crop habitats based on functional plants can not only provide suitable food for natural enemy insects, increase the lifespan and occurrence of natural enemy insects, but also provide them with shelter under adverse conditions.

[0004] Screening for suitable functional plants has always been a hot topic in pest ecological regulation research. Studies have shown that Cnidium monnieri can help ladybug predatory natural enemies migrate in advance. The rich natural enemies in Cnidium monnieri migrate to wheat fields to control wheat aphids when pests occur. After wheat is harvested, it serves as a habitat for natural enemies and has a good role in protecting and maintaining natural enemies. In order to improve the pest control effect of predatory natural enemies in wheat fields, a functional plant combination of Cnidium monnieri and broad beans is proposed to synergistically increase the population of predatory natural enemies in wheat fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields by using a combination of functional plants, using cnidium monnieri and broad beans to attract predatory natural enemies to migrate in advance, and the conserved natural enemies can enter the wheat fields to play a role when wheat pests occur. The present invention can improve the natural control ability of wheat fields on wheat pests, improve the survival and pest control ability of predatory natural enemies such as aphid flies, spiders, and ladybugs, achieve ecological control of wheat pests, and reduce the use of pesticides.

[0006] The cnidium monnieri used in the invention has medicinal value, and the broad bean has economic value, and can generate good ecological and social benefits on the basis of significantly increasing economic benefits.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields by utilizing a combination of functional plants. A functional plant belt in which snake beds and broad beans are intercropped is set between adjacent wheat fields (on ridges or roadsides). The functional plant belt can provide a nutrient source and a shelter for natural enemy insects, increase the population size of predatory natural enemies, and enhance the pest control ability of natural enemies, thereby controlling the population density of wheat pests.

[0009] Furthermore, the functional plants have a long flowering period, and can attract and retain predatory natural enemies including but not limited to syrphid flies, spiders and ladybugs; the wheat pests mainly include Macrosiphum avenae, Rhizosiphum graminis and Schizaphis graminis. The pests attracted by the functional plants are different from the wheat pests. The main pests on broad beans are pea aphids, and the main pests on snake beds are carrot microtubule aphids and cotton aphids, so it can be ensured that the pests on the functional plants will not enter the wheat fields to harm the wheat.

[0010] Furthermore, the sowing time of the cnidium monnieri and broad beans is from late October to early November.

[0011] Furthermore, the width of the functional plant belt is 0.5 to 1 m.

[0012] Furthermore, the functional plant belt adopts a planting pattern of planting one row of broad beans on each side and one to three rows of cnidium monnieri in the middle, or adopts an intercropping pattern of one row of broad beans and one row of cnidium monnieri.

[0013] Furthermore, the dosage of the cnidium monnieri seeds is 3 to 4 g / m 2 The dosage of the broad bean seeds is 20-30 g / m 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the functional plants need to be soaked before sowing, the cnidium seeds need to be soaked in clean water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing, and then mixed with fine sand or fine soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred evenly. The broad bean seeds need to be soaked in potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 4 hours before sowing, and soaked in clean water for 36 to 48 hours, and sown after the embryo begins to turn white.

[0015] Furthermore, the cnidium monnieri is sown by broadcasting or row sowing, and the broad beans are sown by hole sowing.

[0016] Furthermore, the growth period of the functional plants is highly consistent with that of wheat, and can play a better role in controlling pests during the period of occurrence of wheat pests. The management of the functional plant belt can be carried out in accordance with the normal management of wheat fields.

[0017] Furthermore, the functional plant combination is planted on the ridges of wheat fields and roadsides. This layout not only provides more favorable food resources, habitats, shelters, etc. for natural enemies, but also facilitates farmers' routine management of farmland.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The functional plant combination used in the present invention will not affect the growth and development of wheat, will not compete with wheat for water and fertilizer, and will not affect ventilation and light transmission conditions. The planting of the functional plant combination increases the biodiversity of the wheat field ecosystem, plays a role in the conservation of natural enemies, provides food resources and shelters for predatory enemies, and creates an ecological environment that is conducive to the proliferation of predatory enemies. Predatory enemies can transfer and spread between functional plants and wheat fields, improve the control of pests in wheat fields, reduce the occurrence of pest populations, reduce the use of pesticides, protect the ecological environment, and achieve safe production of wheat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of planting Cnidium monnieri and broad beans in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 The invention shows the ecological regulation effect of planting Cnidium monnieri and Broad Bean on predatory natural enemies in the Deqing base in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is the ecological regulation effect of planting cnidium monnieri and broad beans on predatory natural enemies in the Jiashan base in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] A method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields by utilizing a combination of functional plants. A functional plant belt in which snake beds and broad beans are intercropped is set between adjacent wheat fields (on ridges or roadsides). The functional plant belt can provide a nutrient source and a shelter for natural enemy insects, increase the population size of predatory natural enemies, and enhance the pest control ability of natural enemies, thereby controlling the population density of wheat pests.

[0024] The functional plants have a long flowering period, and can attract and retain predatory natural enemies including but not limited to syrphid flies, spiders and ladybugs; the wheat pests mainly include Macrosiphum avenae, Rhizosiphum graminis and Schizaphis graminis. The pests attracted by the functional plants are different from the wheat pests. The main pests on broad beans are pea aphids, and the main pests on snake beds are carrot microtubule aphids and cotton aphids, so it can be ensured that the pests on the functional plants will not enter the wheat fields to harm the wheat.

[0025] The sowing time of the cnidium monnieri and broad beans is from late October to early November.

[0026] The width of the functional plant belt is 0.5-1m. The functional plant belt adopts a planting pattern of planting 1 row of broad beans on each side and 1-3 rows of cnidium monnieri in the middle, or intercropping 1 row of broad beans and 1 row of cnidium monnieri. The amount of cnidium monnieri seeds used is 3-4g / m 2 The dosage of the broad bean seeds is 20-30 g / m 2 .

[0027] The functional plants need to be soaked before sowing, the cnidium seeds need to be soaked in clean water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing, and then mixed with fine sand or fine soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred evenly. The broad bean seeds need to be soaked in potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 4 hours before sowing, and soaked in clean water for 36 to 48 hours, and sown after the embryo begins to turn white.

[0028] The snake bed is sown by broadcasting or row sowing, and the broad bean is sown by hole sowing.

[0029] The growth period of the functional plant is highly consistent with that of wheat, and can play a better role in controlling pests during the period of occurrence of wheat pests. The management of the functional plant belt can be carried out according to the normal management of the wheat field.

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that in the following examples, due to operational errors in the specific implementation process, or the limitations of the specific conditions of the varieties, the relevant data have a certain reasonable range. In the present invention, wheat is planted according to the traditional method of local growers.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] 1. Field test setup

[0034] The field experiment was conducted in the grain production functional area of ​​Deqing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. A continuous wheat field with flat land was selected in the functional area. The ridges of the wheat fields were weeded 20 days before wheat sowing. A snake bed + broad bean planting belt was set on the ridges of the wheat fields. The width of the planting belt was 1m, with 1 row of broad beans on each side and 3 rows of snake beds in the middle. The amount of snake bed seeds was 4g / m 2 , the dosage of broad bean seeds is 30g / m 2 The width ratio of wheat field to functional plant belt is 30m:1m. The planting diagram of snake bed and broad bean is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0035] At the same time, a planting belt with only three rows of snake beds was set up on the ridge of the wheat field 100m away for comparison with a planting belt of snake beds + broad beans. The control area was set up in a conventional planting field 500m away.

[0036] 2. Survey Methods

[0037] Three evenly spaced wheat fields (80 m long and 30 m wide) were randomly selected in the experimental area and the farmer's self-defense area. The arthropod natural enemies in the wheat fields in the experimental area and the farmer's self-defense area were sampled using a Ma's net (commercially available). Five samples were taken from each wheat field at different distances (0 m, 5 m, and 15 m) from the functional plant belt using the parallel five-point sampling method. Samples were collected for two consecutive weeks. The collected insects were placed in a vial with 75% ethanol and marked, and brought back to the laboratory for classification and identification.

[0038] (III) Results and analysis

[0039] Two surveys were conducted in the Deqing experimental field, on April 29 and May 13 respectively. Figure 2 The results showed that setting up a functional plant belt of snake bed + broad bean on the ridge of wheat field can increase the number of predatory natural enemies, among which the number of hoverflies is ranked as snake bed + broad bean > snake bed > control, and the number of spiders and ladybugs is close to and significantly higher than the control in the snake bed + broad bean and snake bed treatments. The results in Table 1 show that setting up a functional plant belt of snake bed + broad bean on the ridge of wheat field can significantly increase the number of black-banded hoverflies, wide-banded hoverflies and large gray hoverflies.

[0040] Table 1 Species and numbers of main predatory natural enemies in Deqing experimental field

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Example 2

[0044] 1. Field test setup

[0045] The field experiment was conducted in the grain production functional area of ​​Jiashan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. A continuous wheat field with flat land was selected in the functional area. The ridges of the wheat field were weeded 15 days before wheat sowing. A snake bed + broad bean planting belt was set on the ridge of the wheat field. The width of the planting belt was 1m, with 1 row of broad beans on each side and 3 rows of snake beds in the middle. The amount of snake bed seeds was 4g / m 2 , the dosage of broad bean seeds is 25g / m 2 The width ratio of wheat field to functional plant belt is 40m:1m.

[0046] At the same time, a planting belt with only three rows of snake beds was set up on the ridge of the wheat field 50m away for comparison with a planting belt of snake beds + broad beans. The control area was set up in a conventional planting field 500m away.

[0047] 2. Survey Methods

[0048] Three evenly spaced wheat fields (60 m long and 40 m wide) were randomly selected in the experimental area and the farmer's self-defense area. The arthropod natural enemies in the wheat fields in the experimental area and the farmer's self-defense area were sampled using a Ma's net (commercially available). Five samples were taken from each wheat field at different distances (0 m, 5 m, and 15 m) from the functional plant belt using the parallel five-point sampling method. Samples were collected for two consecutive weeks. The collected insects were placed in a vial with 75% ethanol and marked, and brought back to the laboratory for classification and identification.

[0049] (III) Results and analysis

[0050] Two surveys were conducted in the Jiashan experimental field, on May 2 and May 16 respectively. Figure 3 The results showed that the number of hoverflies, ladybugs and spiders in the surrounding wheat fields was significantly higher when the functional plant belt of snake bed + broad bean was set up on the ridge of wheat fields than when only the planting belt of snake bed was set up and the control field. The results in Table 2 showed that the number of black-banded hoverflies, wide-banded hoverflies, proto-striped ladybugs, wolf spiders and tube-nest spiders was significantly increased when the functional plant belt of snake bed + broad bean was set up on the ridge of wheat fields.

[0051] Table 2 Types and numbers of main predatory natural enemies in the Jiashan experimental field

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0055] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants, characterized in that: Functional plant belts of intercropping snake beds and broad beans are set up between adjacent wheat fields to increase the population size of predatory natural enemies and control the population density of wheat pests.

2. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predatory natural enemies include hoverflies, spiders and ladybugs; the wheat pests include Macrosiphum avenae, Rhizosiphum graminearum and Schizaphis graminearum.

3. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing time of the cnidium monnieri and broad beans is from late October to early November.

4. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the functional plant belt is 0.5 to 1 m.

5. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional plant belt adopts a planting pattern of planting one row of broad beans on each side and one to three rows of cnidium monnieri in the middle, or adopts an intercropping pattern of one row of broad beans and one row of cnidium monnieri.

6. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of cnidium monnieri seeds used is 3-4 g / m 2 The amount of broad bean seeds is 20-30 g / m 2 .

7. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cnidium monnieri seeds need to be soaked in clean water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing, and then mixed with fine sand or fine soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred evenly.

8. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broad bean seeds need to be soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 4 hours and in clean water for 36 to 48 hours before sowing, and can be sown after the embryo begins to turn white.

9. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The snake bed is sown by broadcasting or row sowing, and the broad bean is sown by hole sowing.

10. The method for conserving predatory natural enemies in wheat fields using a combination of functional plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The management of the functional plant belt is carried out in accordance with the normal management of the wheat field.

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