Method for planting early spring sesbania in coastal medium and severe saline-alkali land under rain-fed and dry farming

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and relates to a rain-fed dry farming early spring sesbania construction method for coastal moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: S1, deep rotation of the saline-alkali soil; S2, ridging: ditching and ridging of the deep-rotated saline-alkali soil; S3, hole digging at the side of the ridge and formation of water collecting pits arranged in a 'duck mouth' shape, and then laying of the mulch film; S4, vertical direction drilling at the side of the water collecting pit and formation of a seed planting channel, and then planting of the sesbania seeds into the seed planting channel, the hole of the mulch film being covered with soil to form a 'duck mouth' structure, and rainwater being guided into the water collecting pit by the mulch film; and S5, whole plant sesbania returning to the field and formation of a straw layer. Rainwater is collected in the seed planting channel by the mulch film, the amount of water that can be absorbed by the sesbania seeds is increased, the mulch film can also improve the soil temperature and soil moisture conservation, and thus the sesbania can be constructed by using the rain-fed dry farming mode at the end of March, and the period of saline-alkali soil improvement is shortened.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, and particularly relates to a rain-fed dry farming early spring sesbania grandiflora planting method for medium and severe saline-alkali land in coastal areas. BACKGROUND

[0002] The medium and severe saline-alkali land in coastal areas is affected by seawater, and a large amount of land resources with a salt content of 10 ‰ or more is formed. The rational development and utilization of the land resources can relieve the pressure of land resource shortage, improve the ecological environment, and improve the stability of the ecological system.

[0003] Sesbania grandiflora is an annual shrub-like herbaceous plant of the family Fabaceae and the genus Sesbania, is a kind of excellent summer green manure crop, has developed root system, forms many nodules, has strong nitrogen fixation capacity, is rich in plant nutrient content, and has strong salt tolerance. Sesbania grandiflora is a pioneer plant for treating saline-alkali land, provides high-quality plant source organic matter for severe saline-alkali land and barren wasteland, and is matched with the whole-plant full-amount ploughing and returning to field technology, forms a straw barrier layer, realizes salt discharge and salt inhibition in summer, and improves the soil structure.

[0004] At present, the rain-fed dry farming mode is used in some saline-alkali land areas. However, due to the drought in spring and the scarcity of fresh water resources in the medium and severe saline-alkali land areas in coastal areas, artificial watering cannot be performed, so that the planting time of sesbania grandiflora is delayed from March to June, and the planting is performed after the rainy season, thereby affecting the improvement cycle of the saline-alkali land. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a rain-fed dry farming early spring sesbania grandiflora planting method for medium and severe saline-alkali land in coastal areas. Rainwater is gathered to the lower planting channel by the mulch, the amount of water that can be absorbed by the sesbania grandiflora seeds is increased, the mulch also has the effects of temperature raising and soil moisture preserving, and therefore the sesbania grandiflora can be planted by using the rain-fed dry farming mode at the end of March, and the improvement cycle of the saline-alkali land is shortened.

[0006] The specific technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0007] S1, land preparation: deep rotation is performed on the saline-alkali land, and the depth is 25-35 cm;

[0008] S2, ridging: the deep-rotated saline-alkali land is ditched and ridged;

[0009] S3, mulching: the mulch is laid along the direction of the ridge top, and the edge of the mulch is higher than the ridge ditch by 5-10 cm;

[0010] S4, hole planting: a vertical hole is drilled in the side of the ridge between the mulch and the ridge ditch to form a lower planting channel, and then the sesbania grandiflora seeds are planted into the lower planting channel, and rainwater is guided into the lower planting channel by the mulch to gather;

[0011] S5, whole plant returning to field and soil covering: when the sesbania grandiflora is in flowering period, the whole plant is returned to field, and soil is used for covering, so as to form a straw layer.

[0012] The width of the ridge is 40-50 cm, the height of the ridge is 25-35 cm, and the width of the inter-ridge ditch is 35-45 cm.

[0013] The mulching film is a full-biodegradable mulching film.

[0014] The seeding amount of the sesbania grandiflora seeds in step S4 is 2.5-3.5 kg per mu, the planting distance is 10-15 cm, 4-7 sesbania grandiflora seeds are seeded in each seeding channel, and the seeding depth is 1.5-2 cm.

[0015] The sesbania grandiflora planting method further comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, land preparation: deep rotation of the saline-alkali land with a depth of 25-35 cm;

[0017] S2, ridge formation: ditching and ridge formation of the deep-rotated saline-alkali land;

[0018] S3, mulching: hole digging on the side of the ridge and forming multiple groups of water collecting pits arranged in a "duck bill" shape, then laying the mulching film on the surface of the water collecting pit, and the edge of the mulching film is 5-10 cm higher than the ridge ditch;

[0019] S4, hole seeding: vertical drilling at the water collecting pit and forming a seeding channel, then seeding the sesbania grandiflora seeds into the seeding channel, the hole of the mulching film is covered with soil and forms a "duck bill" structure, and rainwater is guided into the water collecting pit for collection by the mulching film;

[0020] S5, whole plant returning to field and soil covering: when the sesbania grandiflora is in flowering period, the whole plant is returned to field, and soil is used for covering, so as to form a straw layer.

[0021] The mulching and hole seeding adopt a rain-fed dryland sesbania grandiflora planting equipment, the rain-fed dryland sesbania grandiflora planting equipment comprises a rack and a traction machine driving the rack to move forward, a hole digging device, a mulching film roll and a drilling and seeding mechanism are sequentially arranged on the rack in the forward direction, the water collecting pit is formed on the side of the ridge by means of the hole digging device, the mulching film is covered on the surface of the water collecting pit by means of the mulching film roll, the drilling and seeding mechanism comprises a seed box, a material falling pipe, a lifting seat and a spiral drill rod, the spiral drill rod has a hollow structure, the spiral drill rod is driven to rotate by means of the motor fixedly connected with the lifting seat, the output end of the material falling pipe is sleeved into the hollow cavity of the spiral drill rod, the spiral drill rod has the freedom of reciprocating sliding along the material falling pipe by means of the lifting seat, the spiral drill rod penetrates through the mulching film and drills through the bottom of the water collecting pit to form a seeding channel, and the seeds in the seed box fall into the seeding channel along the material falling pipe and the hollow cavity of the spiral drill rod.

[0022] The trenching device comprises a trenching shaft and a plurality of groups of earth-moving plates arranged in a ring shape on the trenching shaft, the trenching shaft is in transmission connection with the driving device of the traction machine, the rotating direction of the trenching shaft is opposite to the advancing direction of the traction machine, and the ridge top surface is moved by the earth-moving plates to form a water collecting pit with an arc-shaped bottom.

[0023] The lifting seat is in inverted dome structure, the lifting seat comprises a fixed plate and a fixed ring arranged in an up-down mode, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped skeletons are arranged between the fixed plate and the fixed ring, a through hole is arranged on the fixed plate, and the through hole and the fixed ring jointly form a channel for the screw drill rod to pass through, and the lifting seat is lifted and pressed by the flexible cylinder fixedly connected with the rack to form a concave funnel structure.

[0024] The fixed end of the motor is fixed to the fixed plate, the output end of the motor is provided with a first gear, the screw drill rod is sleeved with a second gear engaged with the first gear, and the fixed plate is further provided with a fixing frame, and the fixing frame and the fixed plate are respectively in rotary connection with the screw drill rod through bearings.

[0025] The seed tank and the dropping pipe are further provided with a seed dispensing mechanism, the seed dispensing mechanism comprises a seed dispensing chamber and a seed dispensing disc in the seed dispensing chamber, the input end of the seed dispensing chamber is connected with the seed tank, the output end of the seed dispensing chamber is connected with the dropping pipe through a connecting pipe, a plurality of groups of seed dispensing grooves are arranged in an annular array on the surface of the seed dispensing disc, the seed dispensing disc has the freedom of rotation along the seed dispensing chamber, and the seeds enter the seed dispensing grooves and fall into the dropping pipe in batches through the rotation of the seed dispensing disc.

[0026] The drilling and seeding mechanism further comprises a water tank and a high-pressure water pump, the water tank is connected with the dropping pipe through the high-pressure water pump, and the water in the water tank is passed through the output end of the screw drill rod through the dropping pipe by the high-pressure water pump and is dredged.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0028] 1、The present application forms a straw layer through the full-biodegradable mulching film covering and the whole amount of whole plant rolling back and returning to the field technology of sesbania, which not only effectively improves the early spring ground temperature and soil moisture content, creates a good soil microenvironment for sesbania seed germination and emergence, but also realizes salt discharge and salt suppression in summer, and improves the soil structure.

[0029] In the coastal rain-fed dry farming area, spring is dry, fresh water resources are scarce, and soil salt content is high, and the seasonal changes of soil "salt return" and "desalination" are very obvious. Therefore, in the coastal medium and heavy saline area, the planting time of sesbania is concentrated at the end of May, and the planting time of sesbania is advanced to the end of March, which can effectively utilize the idle saline land, increase the biomass of a season, and shorten the improvement cycle of saline land.

[0030] 2、Generally in order to guarantee the survival rate of sesbania, generally in late May sesbania is planted, but in the application, through the setting of film mulching and water collecting pits, in late March, sesbania can be planted by rain-fed cultivation mode, and the period of saline-alkali land improvement is shortened.

[0031] In early spring in the coastal saline-alkali area, not only the temperature is low, but also the rainfall is less. In the case of a small amount of rainfall, not only can it not provide enough water for plants, but also it can cause soil to be caked, and the seeds are wrapped in the soil clumps and difficult to germinate. Therefore, in the application, the water collecting pits are set and film mulching is carried out. The film mulching not only plays a role in improving the soil temperature, but also introduces a small amount of rainwater into the water collecting pits to concentrate, so as to improve the water content of the soil near the seeds and the local "rainfall", avoid the problem of soil caking, and promote the germination of the seeds. At the same time, the film itself also has the effect of soil conservation. In addition, the rainwater that does not enter the water collecting pits will be concentrated at the ridge and furrow, and then seep into the soil and moisten the soil around the seeds, avoiding the seeds being directly soaked by a large amount of rainwater, and playing a water release effect.

[0032] 3、In order to realize mechanical film mulching and hole planting, the application also provides a rain-fed cultivation sesbania planting device. When in use, the spiral drill rod will pass through the film and drill through the bottom center of the water collecting pit to form a seed planting channel. At this time, the seeds in the seed box will fall into the seed planting channel along the material falling pipe and the hollow chamber of the spiral drill rod by means of the seed planting mechanism. In the process that the spiral drill rod drills through the seed planting channel, the soil at the seed planting channel will rise along the thread of the spiral drill rod and pass through the drill hole of the film to the surface of the film. The soil on the surface of the film will press the film to form a funnel shape by means of its own weight. After the planting is completed, the spiral drill rod is pulled out by means of the lifting seat. The soil around the drill hole of the film will slide along the drill hole and fall into the seed planting channel and cover the seeds, so as to realize the mechanization of film mulching and hole planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a sesbania ridge film mulching schematic diagram of embodiment 1;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a sesbania ridge film mulching schematic diagram of embodiment 2;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a rain-fed cultivation sesbania planting device structure schematic diagram of the application;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a structure schematic diagram of the drill hole planting mechanism;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic diagram of the lifting seat;

[0038] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 It is a sectional structure schematic diagram of a-a direction;

[0039] Figure 7 Soil and plant growth conditions for experimental group 1;

[0040] Figure 8 Soil and plant growth conditions for experimental group 2;

[0041] Figure 9 Soil and plant growth conditions for control group 1;

[0042] Figure 10 Soil and plant growth conditions for control group 2;

[0043] In the drawings, 1 is a water collecting pit, 2 is a mulch film, 3 is a machine frame, 4 is a mulch film roll, 5 is a seed box, 6 is a material falling pipe, 7 is a lifting seat, 8 is a spiral drill rod, 9 is a motor, 10 is a hole digging shaft, 11 is a soil turning plate, 12 is a fixing plate, 13 is a fixing ring, 14 is a framework, 15 is a telescopic cylinder, 16 is a first gear, 17 is a second gear, 18 is a fixing frame, 19 is a seed sowing wheel disc, 20 is a seed sowing groove, 21 is a water tank, 22 is a high-pressure water pump, and 23 is a seed planting channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments: I. Specific Embodiments

[0046] Specific Embodiment 1, as shown in the drawings, the application provides a coastal medium to severe saline-alkali land rain-fed dry farming early spring sesbania construction method, comprising the following steps: Figure 1

[0047] S1, soil preparation: deep rotation is performed on the saline-alkali land, and the depth is 25-35 cm;

[0048] S2, ridging: the deep-rotated saline-alkali land is ditched and ridged;

[0049] S3, mulching: the mulch film 2 is laid along the ridge top direction, and the edge of the mulch film 2 is higher than the ridge ditch 5-10 cm;

[0050] S4, hole sowing: vertical drilling is performed on the ridge side between the mulch film 2 and the ridge ditch to form a seed planting channel 23, and then the sesbania seeds are sown into the seed planting channel 23, and rainwater is guided into the seed planting channel 23 by the mulch film 2 to accumulate;

[0051] S5, whole plant returning to field and soil covering: whole plant returning to field is performed at the flowering period of the sesbania, and the soil is covered to form a straw layer.

[0052] ​Currently, some saline-alkali land areas use rain-fed dry farming mode for planting, but due to drought in spring and lack of fresh water resources in medium and heavy saline-alkali areas in the coastal area, artificial watering cannot be carried out, so the planting time of sesbania cannabina is delayed from March to June, and the planting is carried out after the rainy season, which affects the improvement cycle of saline-alkali land, and in addition, due to small spring precipitation, soil clumping is easy to occur, which affects the emergence rate of sesbania cannabina.

[0053] In the present application, the ridge is covered with film, and a planting channel 23 is formed by punching the side of the ridge slightly higher than the ridge ditch. The film not only plays a role in increasing soil temperature, but also introduces a small amount of rainwater into the planting channel 23, thereby increasing the water content of the soil near the seeds and the local "rainfall", avoiding the problem of soil clumping, promoting seed germination, and the mulch film 2 itself also has the effect of soil conservation. In addition, the rainwater that does not enter the planting channel 23 will concentrate at the ridge ditch, and since the ridge ditch is basically level with the seed position, the water accumulated in the ridge ditch will infiltrate into the soil and moisten the soil around the seed, which can avoid the seed being directly soaked by a large amount of rainwater, and has the effect of water release. Using the planting method in the present application, sesbania cannabina can be planted in the rain-fed dry farming mode at the end of March, shortening the cycle of saline-alkali land improvement.

[0054] And the whole plant of sesbania cannabina is returned to the field in June, which can provide plant-derived organic matter to the soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, form a straw barrier layer, improve the soil structure, and is beneficial to salt leaching in summer, reducing the surface salt, and avoiding salt accumulation on the surface.

[0055] The width of the ridge is 40-50 cm, the height of the ridge is 25-35 cm, and the width of the ridge ditch is 35-45 cm.

[0056] The mulch film 2 is a fully biodegradable mulch film 2, which has degraded after the dry season, and the whole plant of sesbania cannabina does not need to clean the mulch film 2 when it is returned to the field, and the degradable mulch film 2 can avoid the pollution of the field environment caused by the accumulation of mulch film.

[0057] The amount of sesbania cannabina seeds planted in step S4 is 2.5-3.5 kg / acre, the planting distance is 10-15 cm, 4-7 seeds of sesbania cannabina are planted in each planting channel 23, and the planting depth is 1.5-2 cm. Specific embodiment 2

[0059] The difference between specific embodiment 2 and specific embodiment 1 is that specific embodiment 2 further provides a water collecting pit 1, as shown in Figure 2 The sesbania cannabina planting method of specific embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1, soil preparation: deep rotation of saline-alkali land, depth 25-35 cm;

[0061] S2, ridging: the deep-rotated saline-alkali land is ditched and ridged;

[0062] S3, film mulching: holes are punched on the ridge side to form multiple groups of water collecting pits 1 arranged in "duckbill" shape, and then the mulching film 2 is laid on the surface of the water collecting pits 1, with the edges of the mulching film 2 being 5-10 cm higher than the ridge ditch 5;

[0063] S4, hole seeding: vertical drilling is performed at the water collecting pits 1 to form seed planting channels 23, and then the sesbania seeds are seeded into the seed planting channels 23, with the holes of the mulching film 2 being covered with soil and forming a "duckbill" structure, and rainwater is guided into the water collecting pits 1 by the mulching film 2 for collection;

[0064] S5, whole plant returning and soil covering: whole plant returning is performed at the flowering stage of the sesbania, and the plants are covered with soil to form a straw barrier.

[0065] Since the seed planting channel 23 has a relatively narrow aperture, in order to ensure that rainwater can flow smoothly into the seed planting channel 23, the specific embodiment 2 is provided with a large-diameter water collecting pit 1 to form a funnel-shaped mulching film 2 to guide rainwater.

[0066] As shown in Figures 3-6 , the specific embodiment 2 also provides a rain-fed sesbania planting device, which comprises a machine frame 3 and a traction machine driving the machine frame 3 to move forward, and a pit digging device, a mulching film roll 4 and a drilling and seeding mechanism are sequentially arranged on the machine frame 3 in the forward direction, the water collecting pits 1 are formed on the ridge side by the pit digging device, the mulching film 2 is covered on the surface of the water collecting pits 1 by the mulching film roll 4, and the drilling and seeding mechanism comprises a seed box 5, a material dropping pipe 6, a lifting seat 7 and a spiral drill rod 8, the spiral drill rod 8 has a hollow structure, the spiral drill rod 8 is driven to rotate by a motor 9 fixedly connected to the lifting seat 7, the output end of the material dropping pipe 6 is sleeved into the hollow cavity of the spiral drill rod 8, the spiral drill rod 8 has a degree of freedom of reciprocating sliding along the material dropping pipe 6 by means of the lifting seat 7, the spiral drill rod 8 penetrates the mulching film 2 and drills through the bottom of the water collecting pit 1 to form a seed planting channel 23, and the seeds in the seed box 5 fall into the seed planting channel 23 along the material dropping pipe 6 and the hollow cavity of the spiral drill rod 8.

[0067] In order to realize mechanical mulching and hill-drop seeding, the rain-fed dry farmland planting device is also provided in the application. When in use, the spiral drill rod 8 will pass through the mulching film 2 and drill through the bottom center of the water-collecting pit 1 to form a seeding channel 23. At this time, the seeds in the seed box 5 will fall into the seeding channel 23 along the blanking pipe 6 and the hollow chamber of the spiral drill rod 8 with the help of the seed-distributing mechanism. During the process that the spiral drill rod 8 drills through the seeding channel 23, the soil at the seeding channel 23 will rise along the threads of the spiral drill rod 8 and spread to the surface of the mulching film 2 through the drill hole of the mulching film 2. The soil on the surface of the mulching film 2 will press the mulching film 2 to form an arc shape with the help of its own weight. After the seeding is completed, the spiral drill rod 8 is pulled out with the help of the lifting seat 7. The soil around the drill hole of the mulching film 2 will slide down along the drill hole to the seeding channel 23 and cover the seeds, so as to complete the mechanization of mulching and hill-drop seeding.

[0068] In addition, a plurality of groups of drilling and seeding mechanisms are arranged on the rain-fed dry farmland planting device in the application along the forward direction of the traction machine. The traction machine stops moving forward every 2-3 m. At this time, a plurality of water-collecting pits 1 covered with mulching films 2 have been formed in the rear. Then a plurality of drilling and seeding mechanisms are aligned with a plurality of water-collecting pits 1 one by one and hill-drop seeding is performed.

[0069] The pit digging device comprises a pit digging shaft 10 and a plurality of earth-moving plates 11 arranged in a ring shape on the pit digging shaft 10. The pit digging shaft 10 is in transmission connection with the driving device of the traction machine. The rotation direction of the pit digging shaft 10 is opposite to the forward direction of the traction machine. The side of the ridge is moved by the earth-moving plates 11 to form the water-collecting pit 1 with an arc-shaped bottom. In the application, the rotation direction of the pit digging shaft 10 is opposite to the forward direction of the traction machine, so as to avoid the excess soil generated by digging the water-collecting pit 1 from falling into the already formed water-collecting pit 1.

[0070] The lifting seat 7 is in an inverted dome structure. The lifting seat 7 comprises a fixed plate 12 and a fixed ring 13 arranged in a top-bottom manner. A plurality of arc-shaped skeletons 14 are arranged between the fixed plate 12 and the fixed ring 13. A through hole is arranged on the fixed plate 12. The through hole and the fixed ring 13 jointly form a channel for the spiral drill rod 8 to pass through. The lifting seat 7 is lifted and pressed to form a concave funnel structure by the extension cylinder 15 fixedly connected with the rack 3 and pressing the mulching film 2. Since the mulching film 2 is in a tight state after being covered on the surface of the water-collecting pit 1 by the mulching film roll 4, it cannot play a role in collecting rainwater. Therefore, the lifting seat 7 in the application is in an inverted dome structure. The lifting seat 7 itself presses the mulching film 2 to form a funnel structure, and the soil on the surface of the mulching film 2 maintains the funnel structure, so as to play a role in collecting rainwater. In addition, the skeletons 14 of the lifting seat 7 form a cage structure, which can ensure that the soil at the seeding channel 23 rises above the mulching film 2 and falls to the surface of the mulching film 2 through the gap between the skeletons 14.

[0071] The fixed end of the motor 9 is fixed on the fixed plate 12, and the output end of the motor 9 is provided with a first gear 16, the spiral drill rod 8 is sleeved with a second gear 17 engaged with the first gear 16, and the fixed plate 12 is further provided with a fixing frame 18, the fixing frame 18 and the fixed plate 12 are respectively connected with the spiral drill rod 8 through bearings to form a rotary connection, and in the application, two groups of bearings in the same vertical plane are arranged to limit the spiral drill rod 8, so that the spiral drill rod 8 is prevented from deviating during rotation.

[0072] The seed box 5 and the feeding pipe 6 are further provided with a seed dispensing mechanism, the seed dispensing mechanism comprises a seed dispensing chamber and a seed dispensing disc 19 in the seed dispensing chamber, the input end of the seed dispensing chamber is connected with the seed box 5, the output end of the seed dispensing chamber is connected with the feeding pipe 6 through a connecting pipe, the surface of the seed dispensing disc 19 is annularly arranged with a plurality of seed dispensing grooves 20, and the seed dispensing disc 19 has the freedom of rotation along the seed dispensing chamber, the seeds enter the seed dispensing grooves 20 and fall into the feeding pipe 6 in batches through the rotation of the seed dispensing disc 19, and in the application, the seeds in the seed box 5 are seeded in batches through the seed dispensing disc 19, about 4-7 seeds can be contained in each seed dispensing groove 20, and 4-7 seeds are seeded in each seed channel 23.

[0073] The drilling and seeding mechanism further comprises a water tank 21 and a high-pressure water pump 22, the water tank 21 is connected with the feeding pipe 6 through the high-pressure water pump 22, and the water in the water tank 21 passes through the output end of the spiral drill rod 8 through the feeding pipe 6 and is dredged through the high-pressure water pump 22. Since the spiral drill rod 8 has a hollow structure, the soil or the mulch film 2 is easy to block the discharge end of the hollow chamber of the spiral drill rod 8 during drilling, therefore, the water tank 21 and the high-pressure water pump 22 are arranged, the discharge end of the hollow chamber is dredged by high-pressure water flow during each seeding, a small amount of water is provided for the seeds, and the combination between the falling soil and the soil below the seeds is increased.

[0074] II. Comparative experiment

[0075] An experimental group and a control group are set, the experimental group 1 is planted by the sesbania plant method in the specific embodiment 1, the experimental group 2 is planted by the sesbania plant method in the specific embodiment 2, the control group 1 is planted by the flat seeding method, and the control group 2 is covered with a film on the basis of the flat seeding method, the seeding time is March 25, and the soil and the sesbania related parameters are measured on May 25, no watering is performed during the period, the total rainfall is about 16 mm, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1 and Figures 7-10 .

[0076] Table 1

[0077] Soil water content (%) Plant height (cm) EC (ms / cm) Control 1 15.5 10.8 44.44 Control 2 16.1 12.9 50.4 Experiment 1 16.5 27.9 35.0 Experiment 2 16.4 27.8 38.4

[0078] From Table 1 andFigures 7-10 It can be seen that the seedling rate of sesbania grandiflora is high, the plant growth is higher, and the soil salinization improvement effect is better by using the planting method in the application.

[0079] Firstly, the experimental group can improve the soil temperature in spring by mulching, which plays a role in soil conservation and salt inhibition, thereby benefiting the emergence of sesbania grandiflora. At the same time, the mulching in the application can also introduce a small amount of rainwater into the water collection pit, thereby improving the water content of the soil near the seeds and the local "rainfall", avoiding the problem of soil clumping, and promoting seed germination.

Claims

1. A method for planting sesbania in rain-fed, dry farming in early spring on coastal moderate to severe saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The method for planting Sesbania dahurica also includes the following steps: S1. Land preparation: Deep rotten soil is carried out on saline-alkali land to a depth of 25-35 cm; S2, Ridging: Ditch and ridge the deep-rotated saline-alkali land; S3, mulching: drilling holes on the side of the ridge to form multiple groups of water collection pits (1) arranged in a "duckbill" shape, and then spreading the ground film (2) on the surface of the water collection pits (1), with the edge of the ground film (2) 5-10 cm higher than the ridge furrow; S4, hole sowing: vertically drill holes at the water collection pit (1) to form a seeding channel (23), and then sow the sesbania seeds into the seeding channel (23). The holes of the ground film (2) are covered with soil to form a "duckbill" structure, and the ground film (2) is used to guide rainwater into the water collection pit (1) and collect it; S5. Return the whole plant to the field and cover with soil: When the sesbania is in bloom, return the whole plant to the field and cover it with soil to form a straw layer; The mulching and hole sowing adopt rain-fed dryland sesbania planting equipment, and the rain-fed dryland sesbania planting equipment comprises a frame (3) and a tractor for driving the frame (3) forward. A digging device, a mulching roll (4) and a drilling sowing mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame (3) along the forward direction. A water collecting pit (1) is formed on the side of the ridge by means of the digging device, and the ground film (2) is covered to the surface of the water collecting pit (1) by means of the mulching roll (4). The drilling sowing mechanism comprises a seed box (5), a drop pipe (6), a lifting seat (7) and a spiral drill rod (8). The spiral drill rod (8) is hollow in structure. The spiral drill rod (8) is driven to rotate by means of a motor (9) fixedly connected to the lifting seat (7). The output end of the drop pipe (6) is sleeved into the hollow chamber of the spiral drill rod (8). The spiral drill rod (8) has a function of rotating along the drop pipe (6) by means of the lifting seat (7). The degree of freedom of reciprocating sliding, the auger rod (8) passes through the ground film (2) and drills through the bottom of the water collection pit (1) with the help of the lifting seat (7) to form a seeding channel (23), and the seeds in the seed box (5) fall into the seeding channel (23) along the drop pipe (6) and the hollow chamber of the auger rod (8), the lifting seat (7) is an inverted arch structure, the lifting seat (7) includes a fixed plate (12) and a fixed ring (13) arranged in an upper and lower manner, and multiple groups of arc-shaped skeletons (14) are arranged between the fixed plate (12) and the fixed ring (13), and the fixed plate (12) is provided with a through hole, and the through hole and the fixed ring (13) together form a channel for the auger rod (8) to pass through. The lifting seat (7) is lifted and lowered by the telescopic cylinder (15) fixedly connected to the frame (3) and presses the ground film (2) to form a concave funnel-shaped structure.

2. The method for planting sesbania in rain-fed, dry farming in early spring on coastal moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the ridges is 40-50 cm, the height of the ridges is 25-35 cm, and the width of the furrows between the ridges is 35-45 cm.

3. The method for planting sesbania in rain-fed dryland in early spring on coastal moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein The ground film (2) is a fully biodegradable ground film (2).

4. The method for planting sesbania in rain-fed, dry farming in early spring on coastal moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein In step S4, the sowing amount of the sesbania seeds is 2.5-3.5 kg / mu, the sowing spacing is 10-15 cm, 4-7 sesbania seeds are sown in each sowing channel, and the sowing depth is 1.5-2 cm.

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