Preparation method of phase-change thermal storage solid particles, energy accumulation storage system and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of phase change energy storage, and relates to a preparation method of phase change heat storage solid particles, an energy accumulation storage system and applications, comprising: 1. suspending magnetic molten droplets of solid-liquid phase change heat storage material in a magnetic field; 2. spraying mixed magnetic powder into the magnetic field, uniformly suspending and coating the surface of the molten droplets; 3. cooling the molten particles after coating to form phase change heat storage solid particles; the present invention also discloses an energy accumulation storage system and application of phase change heat storage solid particles, the present invention stores the heat collected in the sunshine area and releases it in the shadow area, can maintain the efficient power generation and energy collection of solar photovoltaic panels, and effectively stabilize the drastic temperature fluctuations of spacecraft photovoltaic equipment in space, therefore, the present invention can efficiently utilize the back plate heat dissipation of the solar photovoltaic panel and stabilize the temperature fluctuation of the solar photovoltaic panel, thereby extending the service life of the solar photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of phase change energy storage, and relates to a preparation method of phase change heat storage solid particles, an energy accumulation storage system and applications. Background Art

[0002] The heat dissipation of solar photovoltaic panels is an important consideration in the design and operation of photovoltaic systems. When working, photovoltaic panels absorb sunlight energy and convert it into electrical energy, but not all of the sunlight energy can be completely converted into electrical energy. Some of the energy will be dissipated in the form of heat energy, causing the temperature of the photovoltaic panels to rise. The temperature rise will have an adverse effect on the performance and life of the photovoltaic panels, so effective heat dissipation measures are essential.

[0003] The heat dissipation of photovoltaic panels on spacecraft is an even more complex but crucial issue, because the extreme conditions of the space environment (such as vacuum, strong solar radiation, temperature fluctuations, etc.) have a significant impact on the performance and life of photovoltaic panels. In order to ensure that photovoltaic panels operate efficiently in space and extend their service life, spacecraft use a variety of heat dissipation technologies and design strategies to effectively reduce the temperature of photovoltaic panels and improve the efficiency and reliability of the system. Existing heat dissipation methods for photovoltaic panels on spacecraft include: 1. Temperature control by arranging insulation materials or phase change layers on the backplane. 2. Use coolant (such as water or ammonia) to circulate, transfer the heat generated by the photovoltaic panels to the radiator, and then discharge it into space. 3. It is composed of a multi-layer reflective film, which can effectively block heat transfer and maintain the appropriate working temperature of the photovoltaic panels.

[0004] However, the existing photovoltaic panel heat dissipation methods on spacecraft have the following shortcomings: there is a lack of insulation and stabilization solutions for photovoltaic panels under changing high temperature difference conditions; the existing insulation solutions simply store and release energy and cannot efficiently utilize energy; the absorbed heat is discharged into space without being utilized.

[0005] Therefore, a stable, reliable method or system that can efficiently utilize the heat dissipation of photovoltaic panels is needed to solve the problems of short life and low efficiency of spacecraft photovoltaic equipment under the extreme high and low temperature and drastic temperature fluctuations in outer space. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for preparing phase-change thermal storage solid particles, wherein the outer layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles is a mixed powder, the inner layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles is a solid-liquid phase-change thermal storage material, and the outer layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles is coated on the outside of the inner layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles (for example, the solid-liquid phase change temperature is 130°C, and the liquid-gas phase change temperature is 150°C); the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material from liquid to gas is close to the phase change temperature of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage particles from solid to liquid.

[0007] The mixed powder includes: phase change material, nano-onion carbon, magnetic nanoparticles, nucleating agent, thickener; the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material contains magnetic nanoparticles and phase change material;

[0008] The preparation method of phase change thermal storage solid particles comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, suspending molten droplets of solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material in a magnetic field;

[0010] Step 2, spraying the mixed powder into a magnetic field to suspend and coat the surface of the molten droplets in step 1;

[0011] Step 3: After the coating is completed, the coated material is cooled to form phase change thermal storage solid particles.

[0012] Preferably, the nucleating agent includes: SrCl2·H2O, BaCO3; the thickener includes: HEC, gelatin; the mixed powder includes: calcium chloride hexahydrate or barium hydroxide octahydrate; when the mixed powder includes calcium chloride hexahydrate, the mass ratio of nano-onion carbon, magnetic nanoparticles, nucleating agent, and thickener in the mixed powder is: 1:1:3-5:1;

[0013] When the mixed powder includes barium hydroxide octahydrate, the mass ratio of nano-onion carbon, magnetic nanoparticles, nucleating agent and thickener in the mixed powder is 1:1:1:1-3.

[0014] The present invention also discloses an energy accumulation storage system of phase-change thermal storage solid particles, wherein the energy accumulation storage system uses the above-mentioned phase-change thermal storage solid particles to store energy, and the energy accumulation storage system comprises: a photovoltaic cooling structure, a gas-gas / solid separation device, a gas / gas separation structure, an energy accumulation storage structure, a low-temperature heat storage tank, a liquid storage tank, a phase-change particle preparation storage structure, a mixed powder storage structure, and a pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure;

[0015] Photovoltaic cooling structures are used to absorb heat from solar photovoltaic panels and perform precisely positioned heat exchange;

[0016] The gas-gas / solid separation device is used to separate the input gas-solid mixture into gas and solid under extreme working conditions; the gas-gas / solid separation device is a gas-passing plate with aperture restrictions on the plate. By designing different apertures, the passage of the packaging shell is restricted to ensure that only the gas phase of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage particles and the gas phase of the gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material pass through.

[0017] The gas / gas separation structure is used to separate the input gas-gas mixture under extreme working conditions; the gas / gas separation structure uses a gas separation membrane to block the gas, which can only pass through the gas phase of the gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material, but cannot pass through the gas phase of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage particles.

[0018] The energy accumulation storage structure is used to temporarily store the input solid-liquid phase change thermal storage liquid particles, and output the gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material, the mixture of the gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material and the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material, and the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles; the energy accumulation storage structure is also used to exchange heat and phase change the input liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material with the stored solid-liquid phase change thermal storage liquid particles; when the sun is on the side, the solid-liquid phase change and gas-liquid phase change materials absorb heat in the photovoltaic cooling structure, and then the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material drives the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles to exchange heat and undergo phase change. It is transported to the energy accumulation storage structure. In order to prevent the converted solid-liquid phase change heat storage liquid particles from blocking the solid particle transfer channel, gradient storage is performed. The lateral particle accumulation structure is arranged with a gradient aperture on the semi-arc contact surface perpendicular to the fluid direction to capture solid-liquid phase change heat storage particles of different aperture sizes, while the gas-liquid phase change heat storage material flows out of the solid particle transfer channel through the gas heat exchange flow channel and the particle accumulation cavity. The solid particle transfer channel ensures that solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles can pass through, solid-liquid phase change heat storage liquid particles cannot pass through, and gas-liquid phase change heat storage materials can pass through. In order to divert the gas heat exchange flow channel, a part of the gas or liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material is quickly diverted (entering a small pipe, the flow rate increases and the pressure decreases).

[0019] The low temperature heat storage tank is used to store or release heat so as to facilitate heat exchange when the gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material or the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material flows through the low temperature heat storage tank;

[0020] The liquid storage tank is used to store liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material;

[0021] The phase change particle preparation storage structure is used to store solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles;

[0022] The mixed powder storage structure is used to store the mixed powder so as to facilitate the recycling of the mixed powder;

[0023] The front inner core liquid storage structure is prepared to store the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material so as to facilitate the recycling of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material;

[0024] The pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure is connected to the pipeline inlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device through the sixth valve, and the sixth valve is a three-way valve with one inlet and two outlets; the gas outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device is connected to the pipeline inlet of the gas / gas separation structure, and the solid outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device is connected to the pipeline inlet of the mixed powder storage structure; the first pipeline outlet of the gas / gas separation structure is connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy accumulation storage structure and the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank respectively through the seventh valve, and the seventh valve is a three-way valve with one inlet and two outlets, and the second pipeline outlet of the gas / gas separation structure is connected to the pipeline inlet of the inner core liquid storage structure before preparation; the pipeline outlet of the energy accumulation storage structure is connected to the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank and the pipeline inlet of the liquid storage tank respectively through the fifth valve, and the fifth valve It is a three-way valve with one inlet and two outlets; the pipeline outlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank is connected to the pipeline inlet of the liquid storage tank; the pipeline outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the device inlet of the phase change particle preparation storage structure, and the device outlet of the phase change particle preparation storage structure is connected to the pipeline inlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure after being connected in series with the magnetic suction valve; in addition, during the first preparation, a pipeline passes through the mixed powder storage structure and the inner core liquid storage structure before preparation to heat the internal material to a molten state, and then returns to the inlet to end this cycle; the magnetic suction valve is a magnetic adsorption valve with a magnetic block valve core that opens in opposite directions. When the magnet is magnetically adsorbed, the magnetic block valve core opens in opposite directions, and the valve core passage opens the valve channels connecting the two sides of the magnetic suction valve, so that solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles, liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage materials and gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material mixtures can all pass through. When the magnet is not attracted, the magnetic valve core is closed, the valve core passage is closed, and the valve channels on both sides of the magnetic valve are connected through the smaller channels outside the magnetic valve core. At this time, liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material mixture can pass through, but solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles cannot pass through.

[0025] The pipeline outlet of the pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure is connected to the internal magnetic field of the permanent magnet after passing through the first valve; the pipeline outlet of the mixed powder storage structure is connected to the internal magnetic field of the permanent magnet after passing through the second valve and the powder nozzle, and the outlet of the permanent magnet is connected to the preparation particle inlet of the phase change particle preparation storage structure;

[0026] The outlet of the sixth valve is also connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy accumulation storage structure and the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank respectively; the pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure is also connected to the pipeline inlet of the mixed powder storage structure and the pipeline inlet of the pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure respectively; the pipeline inlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure is also connected to the pipeline outlet of the mixed powder storage structure and the pipeline outlet of the pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure respectively.

[0027] Preferably, an auxiliary power unit is connected in series between the pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure and the inlet of the sixth valve, and the outlet of the auxiliary power unit is also connected to the gas-gas / solid separation device for pressurized powder crushing; the sixth valve is a control valve that controls normal operating conditions and extreme operating conditions. Under normal operating conditions, the gas-gas / solid separation device and the gas / gas separation structure channel are closed, and the gas-gas / solid separation device and the gas / gas separation structure above the parallel branch are opened; under extreme operating conditions, the gas-gas / solid separation device and the gas / gas separation structure above the parallel branch are closed, and the gas-gas / solid separation device and the gas / gas separation structure channel are opened.

[0028] Preferably, the photovoltaic cooling structure is provided with a plurality of criss-crossing spectral absorption lines and spectral conversion wires, the spectral absorption lines are used to collect and transmit the heat generated by solar energy to the spectral conversion wires; a shape memory alloy flow channel is provided in the spectral conversion wires, and an optical storage device is provided in the shape memory alloy flow channel; the heat exchange medium inlet and heat exchange medium outlet trunk lines of the spectral conversion wires are respectively connected to the pipeline inlet and pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure, so as to accurately absorb and supply heat.

[0029] Preferably, the gas-gas / solid separation device is provided with a gas passing plate and a high-pressure shattering chamber. The gas passing plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the gas-gas / solid separation device and separates the pipeline inlet and the gas outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device on both sides of the gas passing plate. The inner cavity between the gas passing plate and the pipeline inlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure shattering chamber after passing through the third valve, and the outlet of the high-pressure shattering chamber is connected to the solid outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device after passing through the fourth valve.

[0030] Preferably, the inner cavity of the gas / gas separation structure is provided with a gas separation membrane, which separates the pipeline inlet of the gas / gas separation structure and the first pipeline outlet of the gas / gas separation structure on both sides of the gas separation membrane, and the inner cavity between the gas separation membrane and the pipeline inlet of the gas / gas separation structure is connected to the second pipeline outlet of the gas / gas separation structure.

[0031] Preferably, the energy accumulation storage structure is provided with a particle accumulation cavity, a gas heat exchange flow channel, a particle accumulation structure, and a solid particle transfer channel; the particle accumulation cavity and the particle accumulation structure are alternately stacked along the direction from the energy accumulation storage inlet to the energy accumulation storage outlet of the energy accumulation storage structure; the gas heat exchange flow channel is arranged along the direction from the energy accumulation storage inlet to the energy accumulation storage outlet; the solid particle transfer channel is arranged at the end of the stacking alternating direction of the particle accumulation cavity and the particle accumulation structure; the inlet of the particle accumulation structure is connected to the end of the stacking alternating direction of the particle accumulation cavity and the particle accumulation structure; the outlet of the particle accumulation structure is connected to the pipeline outlet of the energy accumulation storage structure; the inlet of the gas heat exchange flow channel is connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy accumulation storage structure; and the outlet of the gas heat exchange flow channel is connected to the pipeline outlet of the energy accumulation storage structure.

[0032] Preferably, a shape memory alloy flow channel plate is provided in the phase change particle preparation and storage structure, and the shape memory alloy flow channel plate separates the device inlet and the device outlet on both sides of the shape memory alloy flow channel plate. An inner cavity is provided between the shape memory alloy flow channel plate and the device inlet, and the preparation particle inlet is connected to the inner cavity of the phase change particle preparation and storage structure. The inner cavity of the phase change particle preparation and storage structure stores particle materials, and a memory alloy flow channel is provided on the shape memory alloy flow channel plate to connect the two sides of the shape memory alloy flow channel plate.

[0033] The present invention also discloses an application of phase change heat storage solid particles, which uses the above-mentioned phase change heat storage solid particles to store and release energy. The application is used for when a spacecraft is in orbit, and the solid-liquid phase change is transported through gas-liquid phase change to achieve the spacecraft periodically entering and exiting the sunlit area and the shadow area, so that the heat collected in the sunlit area is stored and released when it reaches the shadow area.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The present invention solves the problems of short life and low efficiency of spacecraft photovoltaic equipment under the harsh thermal environment conditions of extreme high and low temperatures, drastic temperature fluctuations, etc. in outer space. The heat collected in the sunshine area is stored and released for use in the shadow area, which can maintain the efficient power generation and energy collection of solar photovoltaic panels and effectively stabilize the drastic temperature fluctuations of spacecraft photovoltaic equipment in space. Therefore, the present invention can efficiently utilize the backplane of the solar photovoltaic panel to dissipate heat and stabilize the temperature fluctuations of the solar photovoltaic panel, thereby extending the service life of the solar photovoltaic panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a working condition diagram of the spacecraft of the present invention when it is on the sunlight irradiation surface;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a working condition diagram of the spacecraft under strong sunlight of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a working condition diagram of the spacecraft of the present invention when it is on a non-sunlight-irradiated surface;

[0039] Figure 4 is a diagram of the thermal control structure of the photovoltaic device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a diagram of the energy accumulation storage structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the preparation and storage structure of the phase change particles of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the magnetic valve of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure, 1, photovoltaic cooling structure; 2, auxiliary power unit; 3, gas-gas / solid separation device; 4, gas / gas separation structure; 5, energy accumulation storage structure; 6, low-temperature heat storage tank; 7, liquid storage tank; 8, phase change particle preparation storage structure; 9, mixed powder storage structure; 10, preparation front inner core liquid storage structure; 11, first valve; 12, second valve; 13, powder nozzle; 14, permanent magnet; 15, magnetic suction valve; 101, spectral absorption line; 102, spectral conversion wire; 103, optical storage device; 104, heat exchange medium inlet; 105, shape memory alloy flow channel; 106, heat exchange medium outlet branch; 107, heat exchange medium outlet trunk; 201, sixth valve; 3 01. Gas passing plate; 302. High-pressure crushing chamber; 303. Third valve; 304. Fourth valve; 401. Gas separation membrane; 501. Energy accumulation storage inlet; 502. Particle accumulation cavity; 503. Gas heat exchange flow channel; 504. Particle accumulation structure; 505. Solid particle transfer channel; 506. Energy accumulation storage outlet; 601. Honeycomb metal foam phase change material; 602. Fifth valve; 603. Seventh valve; 801. Preparation particle inlet; 802. Particle material; 803. Device inlet; 804. Shape memory alloy flow channel; 805. Device outlet; 1001. Throttle valve; 151. Valve channel; 152. Magnet; 153. Magnetic valve core. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the relevant technologies in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] refer to Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a preparation method of phase-change thermal storage solid particles, an energy accumulation storage system and applications.

[0046] The preparation process of solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles is as follows: the mixed powder is used as an encapsulation material and coated on the surface of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material to form solid particles, and the entire preparation process is carried out in a suspended state. Among them, the mixed powder is composed of nano-onion carbon, magnetic nanoparticles, nucleating agents, thickeners, etc., and the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material contains magnetic nanoparticles. During preparation, the molten droplets of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material are suspended under the action of a permanent magnet, and the mixed powder is sprayed into the magnetic field through a powder nozzle to suspend and coat the surface of the molten droplets of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material. When the coating is completed, it is cooled to solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles, and the prepared solid particles are stored in the phase change particle preparation storage structure.

[0047] During the long-term operation of a spacecraft in orbit, the power consumed by its internal electronic equipment is mainly supplied by solar photovoltaic panels. However, the spacecraft will periodically enter and exit the sunlight area and the shadow area. When in the shadow area, the solar photovoltaic panels cannot generate electricity. At the same time, the periodic movement causes the solar photovoltaic panels to undergo relatively large periodic high and low temperature changes, causing the solar photovoltaic panels to deform or even be severely damaged. The present invention realizes the storage and release of energy through the coordinated use of solid-liquid phase change thermal storage materials and gas-liquid phase change thermal storage materials. In essence, it is a gas-liquid phase change to transport solid-liquid phase change. The invention can fully solve this problem.

[0048] According to the on-orbit operating conditions of the spacecraft, the device of the present invention has three working modes:

[0049] (1) Sunny side working conditions

[0050] The liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material stored in the droplet prefabricated tank enters the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8, and the magnetic suction valve 806 is opened, wherein the suspended magnets are sucked to both ends. At this time, the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material carries the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles out of the phase change particle preparation storage structure and enters the photovoltaic cooling structure 1.

[0051] In addition, shape memory alloy flow channels 105 are arranged on the photovoltaic cooling structure, which are separated on both sides of the heat exchange medium pipeline. Under the sunny side working condition, the shape memory alloy flow channel is heated to drive the solar photovoltaic panel to unfold and work. At this time, the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles located in the heat exchange medium pipeline absorb heat and undergo phase change, respectively transforming into gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and solid-liquid phase change heat storage liquid particles. When on the sunny side, the left valve of the seventh valve 603 is closed / the lower valve is opened, and the lower valve of the fifth valve 602 is closed / the left valve is opened, and the gaseous liquid-gas phase change material is passed.

[0052] The two enter the energy accumulation storage structure 5 along the pipeline. The energy accumulation storage structure 5 has foam gold gradient holes and a hollow skeleton. The solid-liquid phase change heat storage liquid particles enter the gradient holes and are temporarily stored. The gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material enters the low-temperature heat storage tank 6. After the heat of the gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material is absorbed by the foam metal phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage tank 6, it is converted into liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and then enters the phase change particle preparation storage structure through the liquid storage tank 7 for the next cycle.

[0053] As the cycle continues, the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles stored in the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8 are gradually consumed and transformed into solid-liquid phase change thermal storage liquid particles stored in the energy accumulation storage structure 5.

[0054] (2) Shade side conditions

[0055] The liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material stored in the liquid storage tank 7 enters the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8, and the magnetic suction valve 806 is closed, wherein the suspension magnet is released and suspended in the middle of the pipeline. At this time, only the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material can pass through, while the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles cannot pass through. On the negative side, the left valve of the seventh valve 603 is opened / the lower valve is closed, and the lower valve of the fifth valve 602 is closed / the left valve is closed, and the liquid liquid-gas phase change material is passed. When all the heat of the low-temperature heat storage tank 6 is released, the left valve of the seventh valve 603 is closed / the lower valve is opened, and the lower valve of the fifth valve 602 is opened / the left valve is closed, and the liquid or gaseous liquid-gas phase change material and solid liquid-gas particles are passed.

[0056] The liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material enters the heat exchange medium pipeline. Under the shade condition, the shape memory alloy flow channel is cold and drives the solar photovoltaic panel to gradually close. The liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material cannot absorb heat here and then enters the low-temperature heat storage tank 6.

[0057] At this time, the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material absorbs the heat stored in the foam metal phase change material in the low-temperature heat storage tank 6, and the temperature rises, and part of it is transformed into a gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material. The mixture of the transformed gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material and the untransformed liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material enters the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8 through the liquid storage tank 7.

[0058] Entering the heat exchange medium pipeline through the magnetic valve 806, the gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material mixture can release heat to the shape memory alloy flow channel and the solar photovoltaic panel, so that the shape memory alloy flow channel drives the solar photovoltaic panel to slowly close, which plays a role in keeping the solar photovoltaic panel warm while avoiding the damage of the solar photovoltaic panel caused by excessive high and low temperature difference. After the heat of the mixture is released, it is completely converted into liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and enters the low-temperature heat storage tank 6 again to absorb heat for the next cycle.

[0059] When all the heat in the low-temperature heat storage tank 6 is absorbed and released to the solar photovoltaic panel, if it is still under the shade working condition, the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material coming out of the heat exchange medium pipeline no longer enters the low-temperature heat storage tank 6, but enters the energy accumulation storage structure 5. At this time, the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material exchanges heat with the solid-liquid phase change heat storage liquid particles stored in the energy accumulation storage structure under the sun working condition. After the heat exchange, part of the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material is transformed into a gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material, and part of the solid-liquid phase change heat storage liquid particles are transformed into solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles and enter the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8.

[0060] At this time, the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material and the gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material mixture will carry the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles through the liquid storage tank 7 into the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8. Since the magnetic suction valve 806 is in a closed state, the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles cannot pass through and are stored in the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8, while the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material and the gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material mixture can pass through and continue to bring heat to the solar photovoltaic panel.

[0061] As the cycle continues, the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage liquid particles stored in the energy accumulation storage structure 5 gradually decrease and are transformed into solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles stored in the phase change particle preparation storage structure 8.

[0062] (3) Special working conditions (extreme high temperature)

[0063] When the spacecraft is in extremely high temperature conditions on the sun side, the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material and solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles entering the heat exchange medium pipeline absorb heat and undergo phase change. The liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material is transformed into gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material, while the solid-liquid phase change heat storage solid particles are gradually transformed into gas particles and broken.

[0064] At this time, the gas-solid mixture enters the gas-gas / solid separation device 3, and the broken shell is separated and enters the high-pressure crushing chamber 302 to be charged with auxiliary power and crushed into powder, and then enters the mixed powder storage structure 9 for temporary storage. The two separated gases enter the gas / gas separation structure 4 and are separated again. The separated gas particles released due to the shell rupture are depressurized and condensed through the throttle valve 1001 and enter the droplet prefabrication tank to be cooled into a solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material melt. The separated gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material enters the low-temperature heat storage tank 6 to repeat the cycle under the positive side working conditions.

[0065] The solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material melt separated and stored in the mixture powder and droplet prefabricated tank of the phase change particle preparation storage structure is re-prepared under the action of the permanent magnet 14, thereby continuing to participate in the cycle.

[0066] To summarize, the present invention stores the heat collected in the sunshine area and releases it for use in the shadow area, which can maintain the efficient power generation and energy collection of the solar photovoltaic panels, and effectively stabilize the drastic temperature fluctuations of the spacecraft photovoltaic equipment in space. Therefore, the present invention can efficiently utilize the backplane of the solar photovoltaic panel to dissipate heat and stabilize the temperature fluctuations of the solar photovoltaic panel, thereby extending the service life of the solar photovoltaic panel.

[0067] It should be emphasized that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing phase-change thermal storage solid particles, characterized in that: The outer layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles is a mixed powder, the inner layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles is a solid-liquid phase-change thermal storage material, and the outer layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles is coated outside the inner layer of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles; The mixed powder comprises: phase change material, nano onion carbon, magnetic nano particles, nucleating agent, thickener, the nucleating agent comprises: SrCl2·H2O, BaCO3; the thickener comprises: HEC, gelatin; the phase change material is calcium chloride hexahydrate or barium hydroxide octahydrate; When the phase change material is calcium chloride hexahydrate, the mass ratio of nano-onion carbon, magnetic nanoparticles, nucleating agent, and thickener in the mixed powder is 1:1:3-5:1; when the phase change material is barium hydroxide octahydrate, the mass ratio of nano-onion carbon, magnetic nanoparticles, nucleating agent, and thickener in the mixed powder is 1:1:1:1-3; The preparation method of the phase-change thermal storage solid particles comprises the following steps: Step 1, suspending molten droplets of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material in a magnetic field; Step 2, spraying the mixed powder into a magnetic field to suspend and coat the surface of the molten droplet in step 1; Step 3: After the coating is completed, the coated material is cooled to form the phase change thermal storage solid particles.

2. Phase-change thermal storage solid particle energy accumulation storage system, characterized in that: The energy accumulation storage system uses the phase change thermal storage solid particles prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 to store energy, and the energy accumulation storage system comprises: a photovoltaic cooling structure (1), a gas-gas / solid separation device (3), a gas / gas separation structure (4), an energy accumulation storage structure (5), a low-temperature heat storage tank (6), a liquid storage tank (7), a phase change particle preparation storage structure (8), a mixed powder storage structure (9), and a pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure (10); The photovoltaic cooling structure (1) is used to absorb heat from the solar photovoltaic panel and perform precise positioning heat exchange; The gas-gas / solid separation device (3) is used to perform gas-solid separation on an input gas-solid mixture under extreme working conditions; The gas / gas separation structure (4) is used to perform gas-gas separation on the input gas-gas mixture under extreme working conditions; The energy accumulation storage structure (5) is used to temporarily store the input solid-liquid phase change thermal storage liquid particles, and output the gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material, the mixture of the gaseous gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material and the liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material, and the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles; the energy accumulation storage structure (5) is also used to exchange heat and phase change the input liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material with the stored solid-liquid phase change thermal storage liquid particles; The low-temperature heat storage tank (6) is used to store or release heat so as to facilitate heat exchange when the gaseous gas-liquid phase change heat storage material or the liquid gas-liquid phase change heat storage material flows through the low-temperature heat storage tank (6); The liquid storage tank (7) is used to store liquid gas-liquid phase change thermal storage material; The phase change particle preparation storage structure (8) is used to store solid-liquid phase change thermal storage solid particles; The mixed powder storage structure (9) is used to store the mixed powder so as to facilitate the recycling of the mixed powder; The pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure (10) is used to store the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material so as to facilitate the recycling of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage material; The pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure (1) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) through the sixth valve (201); the gas outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the gas-gas separation structure (4), and the solid outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the mixed powder storage structure (9); the first pipeline outlet of the gas-gas separation structure (4) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy accumulation storage structure (5) and the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (6) through the seventh valve (603), and the second pipeline outlet of the gas-gas separation structure (4) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy accumulation storage structure (5) and the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (6). The outlet of the energy accumulation storage structure (5) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (6) and the pipeline inlet of the liquid storage tank (7) through the fifth valve (602); the pipeline outlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (6) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the liquid storage tank (7); the pipeline outlet of the liquid storage tank (7) is connected to the device inlet (803) of the phase change particle preparation storage structure (8); the device outlet (805) of the phase change particle preparation storage structure (8) is connected in series with the magnetic suction valve (15) and then connected to the pipeline inlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure (1); The pipeline outlet of the pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure (10) is connected to the internal magnetic field of the permanent magnet (14) after passing through the first valve (11); the pipeline outlet of the mixed powder storage structure (9) is connected to the internal magnetic field of the permanent magnet (14) after passing through the second valve (12) and the powder nozzle (13), and the outlet of the permanent magnet (14) is connected to the preparation particle inlet (801) of the phase change particle preparation storage structure (8); The outlet of the sixth valve (201) is also connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy accumulation storage structure (5) and the pipeline inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (6); the pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure (1) is also connected to the pipeline inlet of the mixed powder storage structure (9) and the pipeline inlet of the pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure (10); the pipeline inlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure (1) is also connected to the pipeline outlet of the mixed powder storage structure (9) and the pipeline outlet of the pre-preparation inner core liquid storage structure (10).

3. The energy accumulation storage system of phase change thermal storage solid particles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An auxiliary power device (2) is also connected in series between the pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure (1) and the inlet of the sixth valve (201), and the outlet of the auxiliary power device (2) is also connected to the gas-gas / solid separation device (3).

4. The energy accumulation storage system of phase-change thermal storage solid particles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The photovoltaic cooling structure (1) is provided with a plurality of crisscrossing spectral absorption lines (101) and spectral conversion wires (102); the spectral absorption lines (101) are used to collect heat generated by solar energy and transmit it to the spectral conversion wires (102); a shape memory alloy flow channel (105) is provided in the spectral conversion wires (102); an optical storage device (103) is provided in the shape memory alloy flow channel (105); a heat exchange medium inlet (104) and a heat exchange medium outlet trunk (107) of the spectral conversion wires (102) are respectively connected to a pipeline inlet and a pipeline outlet of the photovoltaic cooling structure (1).

5. The energy accumulation storage system of phase-change thermal storage solid particles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas-gas / solid separation device (3) is provided with a gas passing plate (301) and a high-pressure crushing chamber (302); the gas passing plate (301) is arranged in the inner cavity of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) and separates the pipeline inlet and the gas outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) on both sides of the gas passing plate (301); the inner cavity between the gas passing plate (301) and the pipeline inlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure crushing chamber (302) after passing through a third valve (303); and the outlet of the high-pressure crushing chamber (302) is connected to the solid outlet of the gas-gas / solid separation device (3) after passing through a fourth valve (304).

6. The energy accumulation storage system of phase-change thermal storage solid particles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the gas / gas separation structure (4) is provided with a gas separation membrane (401), and the gas separation membrane (401) separates the pipeline inlet of the gas / gas separation structure (4) and the first pipeline outlet of the gas / gas separation structure (4) on both sides of the gas separation membrane (401), and the inner cavity between the gas separation membrane (401) and the pipeline inlet of the gas / gas separation structure (4) is connected to the second pipeline outlet of the gas / gas separation structure (4).

7. The energy accumulation storage system of phase-change thermal storage solid particles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The energy accumulation storage structure (5) is provided with a particle accumulation cavity (502), a gas heat exchange flow channel (503), a particle accumulation structure (504), and a solid particle transfer channel (505); the particle accumulation cavity (502) and the particle accumulation structure (504) are alternately arranged in a stacked manner along a direction from an energy accumulation storage inlet (501) to an energy accumulation storage outlet (506) of the energy accumulation storage structure (5); the gas heat exchange flow channel (503) is arranged along a direction from the energy accumulation storage inlet (501) to the energy accumulation storage outlet (506); and the solid particle transfer channel (505) is arranged along a direction from the energy accumulation storage inlet (501) to the energy accumulation storage outlet (506). ) is arranged at the end of the stacking alternating direction of the particle stacking cavity (502) and the particle stacking structure (504), the inlet of the particle stacking structure (504) is connected to the end of the stacking alternating direction of the particle stacking cavity (502) and the particle stacking structure (504), and the outlet of the particle stacking structure (504) is connected to the pipeline outlet of the energy stacking storage structure (5); the inlet of the gas heat exchange flow channel (503) is connected to the pipeline inlet of the energy stacking storage structure (5), and the outlet of the gas heat exchange flow channel (503) is connected to the pipeline outlet of the energy stacking storage structure (5).

8. The energy accumulation storage system of phase-change thermal storage solid particles according to claim 2, characterized in that: A shape memory alloy flow channel (804) is provided in the phase change particle preparation storage structure (8), and the shape memory alloy flow channel (804) separates the device inlet (803) and the device outlet (805) on both sides of the shape memory alloy flow channel (804). An inner cavity is provided between the shape memory alloy flow channel (804) and the device inlet (803), and the particle preparation inlet (801) is connected to the inner cavity of the phase change particle preparation storage structure (8), and the inner cavity of the phase change particle preparation storage structure (8) stores particle material (802).

9. Application of phase-change thermal storage solid particles, characterized in that: The application uses the phase change thermal storage solid particles prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 to store and release energy. The application is used when the spacecraft is in orbit, and the solid-liquid phase change is transported by gas-liquid phase change to achieve the spacecraft periodically entering and exiting the sunlit area and the shadow area, so that the heat collected in the sunlit area is stored and released when it reaches the shadow area.

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