A coal mine underground filling method using gold mine overflow tailings

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of mine filling, and specifically is a method for underground filling of coal mines using overflow tailings from gold mines, comprising preparing filling materials; transporting the filling materials to an underground filling area for filling via a filling pipeline based on a preset filling strategy; arranging a sensor array in the filling area to monitor filling data; acquiring filling data, analyzing the filling data and outputting analysis results; dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results; the filling strategy includes a filling method, a filling rate and a filling pressure; after pre-treatment processes such as drying, crushing and screening, overflow tailings from gold mines can be used as an ideal filling aggregate for coal mines, and coal mine mining voids can be turned into a continued tailings pond for gold mines, and gold mine tailings solid waste can be turned into a low-cost material resource for coal mine filling, which not only solves the environmental problem of large-scale surface storage of gold mine solid waste, but also effectively reduces the pain point of high cost of underground filling materials in regional coal mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mine filling, in particular to a method for filling underground coal mines by utilizing gold mine overflow tailings. Background Art

[0002] For a long time, the solid waste tailings after gold mining and beneficiation are generally classified coarse tailings after hydrocyclone as filling aggregates in underground voids, and overflow tailings are discharged into tailings ponds. In recent years, with the continuous strengthening of the concept of tailing-free mine development, the shortage of traditional tailings ponds, and the hopelessness of building new tailings ponds, mining companies have innovated a new development idea of ​​"filling fine and retaining coarse", selling traditional filling coarse tailings as construction sand raw materials, and the original overflow tailings as filling aggregates for underground filling.

[0003] However, due to uncertain factors such as market demand, filling cementitious materials, and the size of underground voids, about 5% of the overflow tailings will still be stored on the surface after the ideal coarse tailings resource utilization and overflow filling. In order to effectively liberate compressed coal resources, filling mining is the most ideal and safest implementation process. Filling aggregates generally use regional cheap industrial solid wastes such as fly ash and slag. However, in recent years, with the technical orientation of comprehensive utilization of solid wastes, traditional fly ash and slag have also become valuable resources, and their prices in the building materials market have risen sharply. Early solid wastes have become resources, adding extremely high filling costs to mines that lack gangue aggregates.

[0004] However, when using overflow tailings as the main filling material, since gold mine overflow tailings have a finer particle size distribution, compared with traditional fly ash, the filling material composed of it requires a larger filling pressure to achieve the same density. Therefore, although gold mine overflow tailings can be used as the main component of the filling material, in the actual filling process, more attention should be paid to the adjustment of the filling pressure and filling rate. Otherwise, the filling material will suffer shear failure, reduce stability, and there will be gaps and voids after filling, which will affect the filling effect and fail to effectively play a positive role in curbing surface subsidence.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a coal mine underground filling method utilizing gold mine overflow tailings. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings according to the present invention comprises:

[0008] S1: preparing filling materials, wherein the filling materials consist of overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious materials and water;

[0009] S2: Based on the preset filling strategy, the filling material is transported to the underground filling area through the filling pipeline for filling;

[0010] S3: Arrange a sensor array in the filling area to monitor filling data;

[0011] S4: Obtain filling data, analyze the filling data and output the analysis results;

[0012] S5: Based on the analysis results, dynamically adjust the filling strategy; the filling strategy includes filling method, filling rate, and filling pressure.

[0013] Preferably, the filling material is prepared by:

[0014] S101: Spread the overflow tailings thinly and dry them in the drying yard until they are air-dried;

[0015] S102: crushing the air-dried overflow tailings, and screening them to obtain filling overflow tailings;

[0016] S103: The fillable overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious materials and water are measured by a measuring bucket and transported to a mixer in a filling workshop;

[0017] S104: The overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious material and water are fully mixed to prepare a paste.

[0018] Preferably, the filling data include the designed filling volume, the remaining volume of the filling area, the volume expansion coefficient, the average temperature data, and the surface settlement data.

[0019] Preferably, the filling method is layered filling and the waiting time for each layer of filling is ,

[0020] The layered filling method is:

[0021] Based on modeling the filling area, a three-dimensional structure of the filling area is obtained;

[0022] The filling area is segmented by using segmentation technology to obtain multiple layers to be filled;

[0023] The volume of each layer to be filled is recorded as the designed filling volume , ,in, For the The volume of the layer to be filled, is the number of layers to be filled;

[0024] Design filling volume As the first filling volume ,in, For the Filling volume.

[0025] Preferably, the method for analyzing the filling data and outputting the analysis result is:

[0026] The remaining volume of the filling area at the end time of two adjacent filling stages is measured based on 3D laser scanning technology;

[0027] Calculate the second filling volume based on the remaining volume ;

[0028] According to the formula: ,

[0029] in, For the Deviation rate of filling volume of each layer to be filled;

[0030] Based on the above formula, the filling volume deviation rate is calculated ;

[0031] Filling volume deviation rate Compared with the threshold, when the filling volume deviation rate If it is less than or equal to the threshold, the filling is considered normal, otherwise it is considered abnormal.

[0032] Preferably, the second filling volume The calculation method is:

[0033] Determine the volume expansion coefficient of the filling material at different temperatures ;

[0034] Get the average temperature data corresponding to two adjacent filling stages , ;

[0035] Get the remaining volume of the filling area monitored at the end time nodes of two adjacent filling stages , ;

[0036] Calculate the second filling volume according to the formula :

[0037] ,

[0038] in, for The volume expansion coefficient at temperature, for The volume expansion coefficient at temperature, is the reference temperature;

[0039] Based on the above formula, the second filling volume is calculated .

[0040] Preferably, the method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results is:

[0041] When filling volume deviation rate When it is less than or equal to the threshold, the filling strategy is not adjusted;

[0042] When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold:

[0043] like > , it means there are gaps and cavities, and the filling pressure and filling rate need to be adjusted;

[0044] like < , it means there is additional volume loss, calculate the loss factor and the third filling volume ;

[0045] The calculated loss factor and the third filling volume The method is:

[0046] Obtain historical filling data and preprocess the data to obtain the filling volume deviation rate during the historical filling process ;

[0047] Filling volume deviation rate during historical filling process Filter and retain > All filling volume deviation rates under the conditions ;

[0048] According to the formula: , ,

[0049] Among them, the third filling volume As the first filling volume The measurement endpoint;

[0050] Based on the above formula, the third filling volume is calculated ,set up = .

[0051] Preferably, the method for analyzing the filling data and outputting the analysis result further includes:

[0052] Obtain the surface settlement data at the end time nodes of two adjacent filling stages, and pre-process the surface settlement data;

[0053] According to the formula: ,

[0054] in, is the settlement rate at the end time of the real-time filling stage, is the surface settlement at the end time of the real-time filling phase, is the surface settlement at the end time of the previous filling stage, is the filling time of the real-time filling stage;

[0055] The calculated sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end time of the previous filling stage Compare and calculate the filling volume deviation rate To analyze and judge the filling effect:

[0056] When filling volume deviation rate When less than or equal to the threshold:

[0057] like ≤ , indicating that the filling effect is consistent with expectations;

[0058] like > It means that the filling effect deviates from the expectation;

[0059] When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold:

[0060] like ≤ , indicating a calculation error;

[0061] like > , indicating that the filling effect is consistent with expectations.

[0062] Preferably, the method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results further includes:

[0063] Get the sedimentation rate corresponding to all completed filling stages , and constitute the sedimentation rate set ;

[0064] Aggregate by sedimentation rate Input into the trained time series analysis model and output the predicted sedimentation rate at the end time of the next filling stage ;

[0065] The predicted sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end of the previous filling stage Compare and determine the predicted sedimentation rate Whether it meets expectations:

[0066] like > Indicates that the prediction of the time series analysis model is abnormal and adjusts the parameters of the time series analysis model;

[0067] like ≤ , it means that the prediction of the time series analysis model is normal.

[0068] Preferably, the method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results further includes:

[0069] Based on filling volume deviation rate is less than or equal to the threshold, and ≤ Under the condition of The actual sedimentation rate Make comparisons;

[0070] when , then the predicted sedimentation rate As expected, the filling strategy does not need to be adjusted; is the sedimentation rate deviation threshold interval;

[0071] when , which indicates the actual sedimentation rate Predicted sedimentation rate The deviation is too large and the filling strategy needs to be adjusted:

[0072] Among them, if > , it means that the actual sedimentation rate is higher than the predicted sedimentation rate; if < , it means that the actual sedimentation rate is lower than the predicted sedimentation rate;

[0073] for < If the filling strategy is not adjusted,

[0074] for > If this is the case, you need to adjust the filling strategy, including adjusting the filling rate and filling pressure.

[0075] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0076] 1. The method for underground filling of coal mines using overflow tailings of gold mines described in the present invention can use overflow tailings of gold mines as ideal filling aggregates for coal mines after pre-treatment processes such as drying, crushing, and screening. It can turn coal mine mining voids into tailings ponds for continued storage of gold mines, and turn solid waste tailings of gold mines into low-cost material resources for filling coal mines. This not only solves the environmental problem of large-scale storage of solid waste of gold mines on the surface, but also effectively reduces the pain point of high cost of filling materials in regional coal mines.

[0077] 2. The present invention discloses a method for underground coal mine filling using gold mine overflow tailings. The method monitors the filling data in real time by means of a sensor array arranged in the filling area, analyzes the filling data, and outputs the corresponding analysis results. The method determines whether it is necessary to adjust the filling pressure and filling rate based on the analysis results to prevent the filling effect from failing to meet expectations and failing to effectively play a positive role in curbing surface subsidence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0078] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0079] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the preparation of the filling material in the present invention;

[0081] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the filling stage in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0083] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, a method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0084] S1: preparing filling materials, wherein the filling materials consist of overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious materials and water;

[0085] S2: Based on the preset filling strategy, the filling material is transported to the underground filling area through the filling pipeline for filling;

[0086] S3: Arrange a sensor array in the filling area to monitor filling data;

[0087] S4: Obtain filling data, analyze the filling data and output the analysis results;

[0088] S5: Based on the analysis results, dynamically adjust the filling strategy; the filling strategy includes filling method, filling rate, and filling pressure.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, the solid waste overflow tailings of gold mines can be used as ideal filling aggregates for coal mines after pre-treatment processes such as drying, crushing, and screening. The coal mining voids can be turned into the continued storage tailings pond of the gold mine, and the solid waste of gold mine tailings can be turned into a low-cost material resource for coal mine filling, which not only solves the environmental problem of large-scale surface storage of gold mine solid waste, but also effectively reduces the pain point of high cost of filling materials in regional coal mines. In addition, since the overflow tailings of gold mines are used as the main component of the filling material, and since the overflow tailings of gold mines have a finer particle size distribution, compared with traditional fly ash, its composition The formed filling material requires a greater filling pressure to achieve the same density. Therefore, in the actual filling process, problems such as filling pressure and filling rate may cause shear failure of the filling material, reduce stability, and cause gaps and voids to exist after filling, affecting the filling effect. In one embodiment, a sensor array is set in the filling area to monitor the filling data in real time, analyze the filling data, and output the corresponding analysis results. Based on the analysis results, it is determined whether the filling pressure and filling rate need to be adjusted to prevent the filling effect from failing to meet expectations and failing to effectively play a positive role in curbing surface subsidence.

[0090] In one embodiment, the filling material is prepared as follows:

[0091] S101: Spread the overflow tailings thinly and dry them in the drying yard until they are air-dried;

[0092] S102: crushing the air-dried overflow tailings, and screening them to obtain filling overflow tailings;

[0093] S103: The fillable overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious materials and water are measured by a measuring bucket and transported to a mixer in a filling workshop;

[0094] S104: The overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious material and water are fully mixed to prepare a paste.

[0095] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the complete preparation process of filling materials also includes:

[0096] S1031: The overflow tailings that can be filled are transported to the material shed by the loader, and shoveled to the funnel by the loader. The overflow tailings in the funnel fall into the measuring bucket. The measured overflow tailings are transported to the mixer in the filling workshop by the belt conveyor;

[0097] S1032: The fly ash is transported to the fly ash silo by bulk powder tank trucks for storage. The silo is equipped with a material level meter. The screw conveyor at the bottom of the silo transports the fly ash into the fly ash metering hopper and then to the mixer after metering.

[0098] S1033: The filling cementitious material is transported to the cementitious material silo by a bulk powder tanker for storage. The silo is equipped with a material level meter. The screw conveyor at the bottom of the silo transports the cementitious material into the measuring hopper and then to the mixer after being measured.

[0099] S1034: Water is supplied to a water measuring bucket through a water pump and then transported to a mixer after being measured;

[0100] The proportion test of filling materials is as follows:

[0101] According to the designed quality mix ratio in the test, the filling slurry is prepared and used for filling the underground working face.

[0102]

[0103] The test steps and contents are as follows:

[0104] Time Node Test preparation content 10.21 Overflow tailings sampling (300 tons) 10.22-10.29 Tailings drying (moisture content about 17%) 10.30-11.05 Tailings screening and secondary drying 11.06 Tailings pretreatment completed and stored 11.08 Small-scale test of 10 tons of tailings 11.06-11.25 Indoor gradient test 11.26 200-ton underground scale filling test tunnel 11.26 Indoor test of filling slurry (concentration <59%, fluidity 31cm, water seepage rate 6%) 11.28 2-day strength 1.16MPa 12.03 Downhole sampling demonstration

[0105] In one embodiment, the filling data includes the designed filling volume, the remaining volume of the filling area, the volume expansion coefficient, the average temperature data, and the surface settlement data.

[0106] In one embodiment, the filling method is layered filling and the waiting time for each layer of filling is ,

[0107] The layered filling method is:

[0108] Based on modeling the filling area, a three-dimensional structure of the filling area is obtained;

[0109] The filling area is segmented by using segmentation technology to obtain multiple layers to be filled;

[0110] The volume of each layer to be filled is recorded as the designed filling volume , ,in, For the The volume of the layer to be filled, is the number of layers to be filled;

[0111] Design filling volume As the first filling volume ,in, For the Filling volume.

[0112] Since the gold mine overflow tailings are used as the main component of the filling material in this application, and compared with the traditional fly ash, the filling material composed of the gold mine overflow tailings requires a larger filling pressure to achieve the same density, and in the process of filling the filling area, the generally selectable filling methods include one-time filling and layered filling. For one-time filling, the filling material prepared with the gold mine overflow tailings may cause a large number of gaps and cavities in the filling area due to the influence of the filling rate and filling pressure during the one-time filling process, which will cause the volume loss of subsequent filling and the failure to effectively curb the surface settlement.

[0113] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a layered filling method is used for filling, and a three-dimensional model of the filling area is formed, and then the filling area model after the three-dimensional modeling is segmented to obtain multiple layers to be filled, and the volume of each layer to be filled is recorded as the designed filling volume. , and then fill the designed volume in order from bottom to top To sort, in the initial stage, = To set the first fill volume It can be understood that: according to the three-dimensional modeling corresponding to the filling area obtained by modeling, and the multiple layers to be filled obtained after segmentation, each layer to be filled can monitor the actual design filling volume to be filled , then in the initial stage, the designed filling volume can be obtained based on the monitoring As the first filling volume , the first filling volume disclosed herein , which is the control amount of filling material for each layer to be filled that is prepared in advance or during the filling process by the staff. For example, assuming that the current design filling volume of the layer to be filled is =100m 3 , then the staff will quantitatively transport 100m 3 of filling material, i.e. the first filling volume =100m 3 In addition, it should be noted that since overflow tailings filling requires a greater filling pressure, a layered filling method is adopted, and a waiting time is required after each layer to be filled is completed. , in order to achieve the early solidification of the filling material; based on the above, the filling area is filled in stages to ensure the visualization of the filling process, and based on the layered filling method, the influence of the filling pressure and filling rate on the filling effect can be measured in the early stage of filling, so as to intervene in advance and avoid the problems of gaps and voids in the filling area due to too fast filling rate, and the stability of the filling material being destroyed due to excessive filling pressure;

[0114] For example, after modeling the filling area, the model is segmented using segmentation technology to obtain the following layers to be filled: ; Then, the volume of each layer to be filled is measured according to the modeling to obtain the designed filling volume corresponding to the above multiple layers to be filled: ;

[0115] In the actual filling stage, set the waiting time from the end of filling of the previous layer to be filled to the next layer to be filled. , and the filling time of each layer to be filled Waiting time after filling As a filling stage: Figure 3 As shown;

[0116] In one embodiment, the method for analyzing the filling data and outputting the analysis result is:

[0117] The remaining volume of the filling area at the end time of two adjacent filling stages is measured based on 3D laser scanning technology;

[0118] Calculate the second filling volume based on the remaining volume ;

[0119] According to the formula: ,

[0120] in, For the Deviation rate of filling volume of each layer to be filled;

[0121] Based on the above formula, the filling volume deviation rate is calculated ;

[0122] Filling volume deviation rate Compared with the threshold, when the filling volume deviation rate If it is less than or equal to the threshold, the filling is considered normal, otherwise it is considered abnormal.

[0123] Selecting the appropriate filling rate and strategy is conducive to improving the filling effect and effectively curbing the surface subsidence rate. However, in the actual filling process, according to the first filling volume Output filling material. Since the filling material may have volume loss during the solidification process, poor stability due to unreasonable filling rate and pressure, as well as gaps and voids, before the next filling stage begins, the filling effect of the previous filling stage needs to be considered. If the filling effect of the previous filling stage is poor, resulting in the actual filling volume being greater than the designed filling volume, it means that the filling pressure may be unreasonable, resulting in voids. If the actual filling volume is much smaller than the designed filling volume, the filling volume deviation rate is If it is greater than the threshold, there may be unexpected volume loss;

[0124] In one embodiment of the present invention, according to the first filling volume Output filling material. Theoretically, the filling material output to the filling area can produce a similar However, due to the filling strategy, the second filling volume With the first filling volume There may be a large deviation, so it is necessary to use 3D laser scanning technology to measure the volume of the filling area after each filling stage, so as to obtain the remaining volume of the filling area after each filling stage. The second filling volume after the filling in the real-time filling stage can be obtained by calculation. , based on the second filling volume With the first filling volume , the filling volume deviation rate can be calculated , according to the calculated filling volume deviation rate It can be used to characterize the filling effect of the previous filling stage, so as to judge whether the filling strategy of the previous filling stage is unreasonable. Because the filling material has compressibility and a certain water bleeding rate in the curing stage under normal circumstances, a threshold is introduced and the filling volume deviation rate is used. Compared with the threshold, if the filling volume deviation rate If the filling volume is greater than the threshold, it indicates abnormal filling, otherwise it is normal; based on the above, by calculating the filling volume deviation rate , the filling effect in the real-time filling stage can be judged, and then the filling material in the filling area can be analyzed to see whether there are gaps, cavities, and whether there is additional loss of filling material;

[0125] For example, assuming that the design filling volume of the current layer to be filled is =100m 3 ;

[0126] The first filling volume =100m 3 , when the measurement is accurate, the second filling volume is calculated , the filling volume deviation rate can be calculated Here we assume that =92.5m 3 , then calculate the filling volume deviation rate according to the formula for: ,

[0127] Based on the above calculation, the filling volume deviation rate in the real-time filling stage is obtained =7.5%; =7.5% compared with the threshold, assuming the threshold =5%; then the filling volume deviation rate corresponding to the real-time filling stage > , indicating abnormal filling; then from the data point of view, due to the monitoring Relative to the designed filling volume Too small, resulting in the calculated filling volume deviation rate > Therefore, it can be considered that the filling effect in the real-time filling stage is not in line with expectations, and further analysis of the causes of the abnormality is needed to optimize the filling strategy and avoid the continuous existence of the filling volume deviation rate. > It is foreseeable that if the filling volume deviation rate > The situation persists. One reason may be that the filling pressure and filling rate in the real-time filling stage are too high, which destroys the stability of the filling material and causes gaps and cavities, resulting in the inability to effectively curb the surface subsidence rate. The other reason may be that there is volume loss. Based on the above, according to the calculated filling volume deviation rate , the filling strategy can be further analyzed and adjusted to avoid poor filling effect due to unreasonable filling strategy, which further leads to uncontrollable surface subsidence rate.

[0128] In one embodiment, the second filling volume The calculation method is:

[0129] Determine the volume expansion coefficient of the filling material at different temperatures ;

[0130] Get the average temperature data corresponding to two adjacent filling stages , ;

[0131] Get the remaining volume of the filling area monitored at the end time nodes of two adjacent filling stages , ;

[0132] Calculate the second filling volume according to the formula : ,

[0133] in, for The volume expansion coefficient at temperature, for The volume expansion coefficient at temperature, is the reference temperature;

[0134] Based on the above formula, the second filling volume is calculated .

[0135] Due to the filling strategy of layered filling, the overall filling of the filling area takes a long time, involving multiple temperature ranges, and the filling effect of the filling material is also affected by the temperature. If the effect of temperature on the curing of the filling material is not considered, only the waiting time is used. The remaining volume of the filling area obtained at the end node Same as the previous waiting time The remaining volume obtained at the end node Subtract and obtain the second filling volume If the second filling volume is The deviation of the filling strategy cannot be obtained.

[0136] Based on the above, in one embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining , , and then obtain the average temperature data corresponding to the two filling stages , , comprehensive calculation of the second filling volume , thereby weakening the influence of temperature on the filling volume at different filling stages, and thus reflecting the real deviation rate under the influence of the filling strategy;

[0137] It is worth noting that in the above formula, there is also a volume expansion coefficient In one embodiment, the volume expansion coefficient It needs to be determined based on experiments, that is, taking the same proportion and the same quality of filling materials, performing curing tests at different temperatures, and setting the same waiting time , and wait for the time At the end node, the expansion volume is obtained and then compared with the reference temperature The filling volume under the reference temperature can be calculated by calculating the ratio of the filling volume under the reference temperature. The volume expansion coefficient , and based on the volume expansion coefficient at each temperature Draw a table comparing temperature and coefficient of volume expansion.

[0138] In one embodiment, the method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results is:

[0139] When filling volume deviation rate When it is less than or equal to the threshold, the filling strategy is not adjusted;

[0140] When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold:

[0141] like > , it means there are gaps and cavities, and the filling pressure and filling rate need to be adjusted;

[0142] like < , it means there is additional volume loss, calculate the loss factor and the third filling volume ;

[0143] The calculated loss factor and the third filling volume The method is:

[0144] Obtain historical filling data and preprocess the data to obtain the filling volume deviation rate during the historical filling process ;

[0145] Filling volume deviation rate during historical filling process Filter and retain > All filling volume deviation rates under the conditions ;

[0146] According to the formula: , , where the third filling volume As the first filling volume The measurement endpoint;

[0147] Based on the above formula, the third filling volume is calculated ,set up = .

[0148] It is understandable that the filling volume deviation rate When it is less than or equal to the threshold, it means that the filling strategy does not need to be adjusted. = , which means the first filling volume Fill volume as designed Prepare, and when the filling volume deviation rate When it is greater than the threshold, there are two situations. One is that the filling strategy is unreasonable, resulting in gaps and holes after filling. The corresponding > The other is that there is an additional volume loss, corresponding to < In the case of unreasonable filling strategy, the filling strategy can be modified appropriately, such as adjusting the filling pressure and filling rate step by step; and in the case of additional filling losses, it is necessary to calculate the loss factor and recalculate the first filling volume based on the loss factor. The third filling volume Since the filling material contains moisture and some raw materials containing moisture, excessive penetration into the cracks in the filling area may occur after refilling, and the time interval may The evaporation during the process, which in turn synergistically leads to the filling volume deviation rate > Based on the above, in one embodiment, by obtaining historical filling data, filtering the historical filling data < All filling volume deviation rates under the conditions , can be used to characterize the presence of additional volume loss, and then calculate the loss factor based on this data , and then the first filling volume The optimization of It is worth noting that without considering the volume loss, setting = As filling progresses, if additional volume loss occurs, the volume loss must be considered and set = , thereby ensuring that the amount of filling material output to the filling area is sufficient to fill the second filling volume while taking into account the additional volume loss. Design filling volume Basically the same, thus reducing the filling volume deviation rate Based on the above, by calculating the filling volume deviation rate , and based on the filling volume deviation rate Perform analysis, output analysis results, and optimize the first filling volume based on the analysis results Calculate the third filling volume , and using the third filling volume To replace the first filling volume , so that the filling effect of the filling area based on the filling strategy meets expectations.

[0149] In one embodiment, the method of analyzing the filling data and outputting the analysis result further includes:

[0150] Obtain the surface settlement data at the end time nodes of two adjacent filling stages, and pre-process the surface settlement data;

[0151] According to the formula: ,in, , is the sedimentation rate at the end time of the real-time filling stage, is the surface settlement at the end time of the real-time filling phase, is the surface settlement at the end time of the previous filling stage, is the filling time of the real-time filling stage;

[0152] The calculated sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end time of the previous filling stage Compare and calculate the filling volume deviation rate To analyze and judge the filling effect:

[0153] When filling volume deviation rate When less than or equal to the threshold:

[0154] like ≤ , indicating that the filling effect is consistent with expectations;

[0155] like > It means that the filling effect deviates from the expectation;

[0156] When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold:

[0157] like ≤ , indicating a calculation error;

[0158] like > , indicating that the filling effect is consistent with expectations.

[0159] As the filling process progresses, in addition to calculating the filling volume deviation rate In addition, it is necessary to monitor the surface settlement data based on the filling volume deviation rate The surface subsidence rate to coordinate the analysis of filling effects; it is foreseeable that if the surface settlement rate is not Calculation of filling volume deviation rate Calculation of filling volume deviation rate When it is less than or equal to the threshold, it may actually be the case that voids in the filling material and additional volume loss coexist, resulting in a filling volume deviation rate < , from the data level analysis, it would be considered that the filling is normal, but in fact the filling effect is abnormal;

[0160] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is also necessary to combine the surface settlement rate To collaboratively analyze and judge the filling effect, in one embodiment, by monitoring the surface settlement, combined with the filling time and waiting time, the settlement rate at the end time of the real-time filling stage can be calculated. , and based on the calculated sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end of the previous filling stage Make a comparison, and analyze and judge the filling effect based on the comparison results, as follows:

[0161] When filling volume deviation rate When less than or equal to the threshold:

[0162] like ≤ , which represents the surface subsidence rate Deviation rate from filling volume Consistency

[0163] like > , which represents the surface subsidence rate Deviation rate from filling volume Not consistent;

[0164] When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold:

[0165] like ≤ , indicating a calculation error;

[0166] like > , which represents the surface subsidence rate Deviation rate from filling volume Consistency

[0167] Based on the above, the filling volume deviation rate The surface subsidence rate The surface settlement rate is consistent with the expected filling effect. It should be effectively curbed. From the data level, the surface subsidence rate corresponding to the real-time filling stage The sedimentation rate at the end of the previous filling stage Compared with the filling volume deviation rate, it should be decreasing. When the value is less than or equal to the threshold, based on the filling volume deviation rate Data analysis shows the surface subsidence rate Deviation rate from filling volume is consistent, but if > , it means that the surface settlement rate has increased compared with the previous filling stage, which means that there may be gaps and cavities in the real-time filling stage, causing additional settlement, and then the settlement rate The sedimentation rate is greater than that of the previous filling stage. , and so on, if ≤ , indicating the filling volume deviation rate , sedimentation rate After analysis, the filling effect is consistent, so it can be considered that the surface settlement rate Deviation rate from filling volume The filling effect is consistent with the expected filling volume deviation rate. If it is greater than the threshold, ≤ , then there is an error in the calculation, which may be the filling volume deviation rate The calculation error may also be due to the surface subsidence rate The calculation error is > , which represents the surface subsidence rate and filling volume deviation rate The data analysis is consistent, but the filling effect is not as expected; exemplary:

[0168] If the surface settlement corresponding to the end time node of the real-time filling stage is =20mm, and the surface settlement corresponding to the previous filling stage is =30mm; Set the filling time of the real-time filling stage =30min, and the time interval =30min; filling volume deviation rate in real-time filling stage If it is less than the threshold, it is calculated according to the formula: ,

[0169] If the sedimentation rate corresponding to the previous filling stage is: ,

[0170] According to the comparison, the filling volume deviation rate Less than the threshold and < , indicating the surface subsidence rate Deviation rate from filling volume The filling effect is consistent with expectations, that is, with the gradual filling of multiple layers to be filled, the surface settlement rate gradually decreases, indicating that the filling effect is good and can effectively curb the surface settlement rate;

[0171] If the sedimentation rate corresponding to the previous filling stage is: ,

[0172] According to the comparison, the filling volume deviation rate Less than the threshold and > , indicating that the surface settlement rate after the current filling has increased compared with the settlement rate after the previous adjacent filling layer. The emergence of this situation indicates that there are gaps and cavities in the filling material, and there is also additional volume loss. The existence of gaps and cavities causes additional surface settlement, which in turn affects the surface settlement rate. Therefore, the filling strategy also needs to be adjusted.

[0173] In one embodiment, the method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis result further includes:

[0174] Get the sedimentation rate corresponding to all completed filling stages , and constitute the sedimentation rate set ;

[0175] Aggregate by sedimentation rate Input into the trained time series analysis model and output the predicted sedimentation rate at the end time of the next filling stage ;

[0176] The predicted sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end of the previous filling stage Compare and determine the predicted sedimentation rate Whether it meets expectations:

[0177] like > Indicates that the prediction of the time series analysis model is abnormal and adjusts the parameters of the time series analysis model;

[0178] like ≤ , it means that the prediction of the time series analysis model is normal.

[0179] After data collection and analysis, the settlement rate of all completed filling layers can be calculated. Perform analysis and build a sedimentation rate collection based on it , using the constructed set of sedimentation rates The trained time series analysis model can predict the performance of the surface subsidence rate before the next filling stage begins, that is, output the predicted subsidence rate , and then according to the predicted sedimentation rate Adjust and guide the filling strategy for the next filling stage. Based on the above, before the next filling stage begins, the filling strategy can be adjusted to obtain better filling effects and avoid the filling effects not meeting expectations due to the influence of filling pressure and filling rate, thereby failing to effectively curb the surface subsidence rate.

[0180] It is worth noting that the predicted sedimentation rate according to the output The accuracy of the time series analysis model needs to be verified, including the use of predicted sedimentation rates The sedimentation rate at the end of the previous filling stage Compare and judge whether the time series analysis model needs parameter adjustment according to the comparison results.

[0181] In one embodiment, the method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis result further includes:

[0182] Based on filling volume deviation rate is less than or equal to the threshold, and ≤ Under the condition of The actual sedimentation rate Make comparisons;

[0183] when , then the predicted sedimentation rate As expected, the filling strategy does not need to be adjusted; is the sedimentation rate deviation threshold interval;

[0184] when , which indicates the actual sedimentation rate Predicted sedimentation rate The deviation is too large and the filling strategy needs to be adjusted:

[0185] Among them, if > , it means that the actual sedimentation rate is higher than the predicted sedimentation rate; if < , it means that the actual sedimentation rate is lower than the predicted sedimentation rate;

[0186] for < If the filling strategy is not adjusted,

[0187] for > If this is the case, you need to adjust the filling strategy, including adjusting the filling rate and filling pressure.

[0188] Based on filling volume deviation rate is less than or equal to the threshold, and ≤ Under the condition of , the filling strategy of the previous filling stage can be used to fill the next filling stage. According to the predicted sedimentation rate output by the time series analysis model ≤ , indicating that the filling strategy does not need to be adjusted, but in the actual application stage, the predicted sedimentation rate It cannot reflect the real situation, so it is also necessary to combine the actual sedimentation rate The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the time series analysis model is accurate in prediction and to timely adjust the filling effect that is inconsistent with expectations due to the unchanged filling strategy. In practical applications, the filling strategy is not static, and with the change of the filling stage, the filling strategy needs to be adaptively changed. How to grasp whether the filling strategy needs to be changed requires conditions. In this embodiment, by predicting the sedimentation rate Characterize the filling strategy and use it to predict the sedimentation rate The actual sedimentation rate The comparison can be used as a condition to determine whether the filling strategy needs to be adjusted, and the predicted settlement rate output after historical data analysis can be used as a condition to determine whether the filling strategy needs to be adjusted. , can be used to characterize the filling effect according to the filling strategy corresponding to the previous filling stage. If the actual sedimentation rate Predicted sedimentation rate If the deviation is too large, it means that the filling strategy may need to be adjusted, for example:

[0189] Based on the predicted surface subsidence rate ≤ Under the conditions:

[0190] Assume that the predicted surface subsidence rate is: ,

[0191] The real-time surface subsidence rate is: ,

[0192] Set the sedimentation rate deviation threshold interval to ;

[0193] Then based on the calculation we can get: , ,

[0194] Based on the above data, it can be judged that the predicted sedimentation rate It is almost consistent with the actual subsidence rate, so it can be considered that the predicted surface subsidence rate It can be used to characterize the real-time surface subsidence rate;

[0195] If the predicted surface subsidence rate is: , , ,

[0196] According to the above data, < , indicating that the actual sedimentation rate is smaller than the predicted sedimentation rate, indicating that the filling effect is better than expected and the filling strategy does not need to be adjusted;

[0197] If the predicted surface subsidence rate is: , , ,

[0198] According to the above data, > , indicating that the predicted settlement rate is lower than the actual settlement rate. Therefore, the filling strategy may need to be adjusted to meet the expected filling effect. If no adjustment is made, as the filling stage proceeds, the actual settlement rate may gradually be unaffected by the filling material, resulting in a filling effect that is inconsistent with expectations. Based on the above, the predicted settlement rate can be used to predict in advance the impact and performance of the next filling stage on the surface settlement rate after filling according to the filling strategy, so as to intervene and modify the filling strategy in advance to prevent the filling effect from not meeting expectations. In addition, by comparing and calculating the predicted settlement rate with the actual settlement rate, it can be fed back whether the predicted settlement rate output by the time series analysis model is reasonable, and then the parameters of the time series analysis model can be dynamically corrected to ensure that the predicted settlement rate output by the model can represent the actual settlement rate, providing support for the filling strategy and early prediction and analysis of the filling effect in the next filling stage.

[0199] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings, characterized in that: include: S1: preparing filling materials, wherein the filling materials consist of overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious materials and water; S2: Based on the preset filling strategy, the filling material is transported to the underground filling area through the filling pipeline for filling; S3: Arrange a sensor array in the filling area to monitor filling data; S4: Obtain filling data, analyze the filling data and output the analysis results; S5: dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results; the filling strategy includes a filling method, a filling rate, and a filling pressure; The filling method is layered filling and the waiting time for each layer is , The layered filling method is: Based on modeling the filling area, a three-dimensional structure of the filling area is obtained; The filling area is segmented by using segmentation technology to obtain multiple layers to be filled; The volume of each layer to be filled is recorded as the designed filling volume , ,in, For the The volume of the layer to be filled, is the number of layers to be filled; Design filling volume As the first filling volume ,in, For the Filling volume; The filling data include the designed filling volume, the remaining volume of the filling area, the volume expansion coefficient, the average temperature data, and the surface settlement data; The method for analyzing the filling data and outputting the analysis results is: The remaining volume of the filling area at the end time of two adjacent filling stages is measured based on 3D laser scanning technology; Calculate the second filling volume based on the remaining volume ; According to the formula: ， in, For the Deviation rate of filling volume of each layer to be filled; Based on the above formula, the filling volume deviation rate is calculated ; Filling volume deviation rate Compared with the threshold, when the filling volume deviation rate If it is less than or equal to the threshold, the filling is considered normal, otherwise it is considered abnormal; The second filling volume The calculation method is: Determine the volume expansion coefficient of the filling material at different temperatures ; Get the average temperature data corresponding to two adjacent filling stages , ; Get the remaining volume of the filling area monitored at the end time nodes of two adjacent filling stages , ; Calculate the second filling volume according to the formula : ， in, for The volume expansion coefficient at temperature, for The volume expansion coefficient at temperature, is the reference temperature; Based on the above formula, the second filling volume is calculated ; The method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results is: When filling volume deviation rate When it is less than or equal to the threshold, the filling strategy is not adjusted; When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold: like > , it means there are gaps and cavities, and the filling pressure and filling rate need to be adjusted; like < , it means there is additional volume loss, calculate the loss factor and the third filling volume ; The calculated loss factor and the third filling volume The method is: Obtain historical filling data and preprocess the data to obtain the filling volume deviation rate during the historical filling process ; Filling volume deviation rate during historical filling process Filter and retain > All filling volume deviation rates under the conditions ; According to the formula: ， ， Among them, the third filling volume As the first filling volume The measurement endpoint; Based on the above formula, the third filling volume is calculated ,set up = .

2. A method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the filling material is: S101: Spread the overflow tailings thinly and dry them in the drying yard until they are air-dried; S102: crushing the air-dried overflow tailings, and screening them to obtain filling overflow tailings; S103: The fillable overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious materials and water are measured by a measuring bucket and transported to a mixer in a filling workshop; S104: The overflow tailings, fly ash, filling cementitious material and water are fully mixed to prepare a paste.

3. A method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for analyzing the filling data and outputting the analysis result also includes: Obtain the surface settlement data at the end time nodes of two adjacent filling stages, and pre-process the surface settlement data; ， in, is the settlement rate at the end time of the real-time filling stage, is the surface settlement at the end time of the real-time filling phase, is the surface settlement at the end time of the previous filling stage, is the filling time of the real-time filling stage; The calculated sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end time of the previous filling stage Compare and calculate the filling volume deviation rate To analyze and judge the filling effect: When filling volume deviation rate When less than or equal to the threshold: like ≤ , indicating that the filling effect is consistent with expectations; like > It means that the filling effect deviates from the expectation; When filling volume deviation rate When greater than the threshold: like ≤ , indicating a calculation error; like > , indicating that the filling effect is consistent with expectations.

4. A method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results also includes: Get the sedimentation rate corresponding to all completed filling stages , and constitute the sedimentation rate set ; Aggregate by sedimentation rate Input into the trained time series analysis model and output the predicted sedimentation rate at the end time of the next filling stage ; The predicted sedimentation rate The sedimentation rate at the end of the previous filling stage Compare and determine the predicted sedimentation rate Whether it meets expectations: like > Indicates that the prediction of the time series analysis model is abnormal and adjusts the parameters of the time series analysis model; like ≤ , it means that the prediction of the time series analysis model is normal.

5. A method for filling coal mine underground using gold mine overflow tailings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for dynamically adjusting the filling strategy based on the analysis results also includes: Based on filling volume deviation rate is less than or equal to the threshold, and ≤ Under the condition of The actual sedimentation rate Make comparisons; when , then the predicted sedimentation rate As expected, the filling strategy does not need to be adjusted; is the sedimentation rate deviation threshold interval; when , which indicates the actual sedimentation rate Predicted sedimentation rate The deviation is too large and the filling strategy needs to be adjusted: Among them, if > , it means that the actual sedimentation rate is higher than the predicted sedimentation rate; if < , it means that the actual sedimentation rate is lower than the predicted sedimentation rate; for < If the filling strategy is not adjusted, for > If this is the case, you need to adjust the filling strategy, including adjusting the filling rate and filling pressure.

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