A bullhorn-shaped multi-volute combustion system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bullhorn-type multi-swirling combustion system, comprising a piston component and a fuel injection component. The piston component has a top surface with a plurality of combustion chambers formed thereon. The combustion chambers include a swirling combustion chamber coaxially arranged with the top surface and a plurality of bullhorn-type combustion chambers surrounding the swirling combustion chamber and communicating with the swirling combustion chamber. An oil separation protrusion is provided at the connection between the swirling combustion chamber and the bullhorn-type combustion chamber to guide the fuel injected into the combustion chamber to flow convolutively toward the swirling combustion chamber and the bullhorn-type combustion chamber. A flow separation protrusion is provided in the bullhorn-type combustion chamber to guide the fuel injected into the bullhorn-type combustion chamber to flow convolutively toward both sides. The fuel injection component is provided with a plurality of fuel injection holes, which inject fuel into the combustion chamber. The present invention fully utilizes the space in the combustion chamber to fully mix the fuel with the air in the combustion chamber, avoids excessively concentrated combustion of the fuel, and improves the high-temperature, oxygen-poor combustion of the fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and in particular to a bullhorn-type multi-swirling combustion system. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of automotive technology, higher requirements are being placed on engine performance and emissions. Combustion system design is key to improving fuel consumption and bare engine emissions. Fuel enters the cylinder as a jet and burns around the fuel stream, resulting in high temperatures and oxygen depletion. Therefore, to promote mixing, compression ignition engine piston combustion chambers are often designed as rotating bodies with a throat structure, dividing the combustion chamber into upper and lower sections. The throat guides the fuel stream, creating flow separation and promoting mixing, achieving efficient and clean combustion, and improving fuel economy and particulate emissions.

[0003] Although the above-mentioned dual swirl combustion chamber can effectively improve the oil-gas mixing quality compared to the traditional straight port, it cannot fully utilize the top and peripheral space of the combustion chamber. In order to solve this problem and make full use of the space and air in the cylinder, some researchers have tried to use two combustion chambers to improve the oil-gas mixing. For example, application No. 202310306954.4 relates to a diesel engine combustion chamber, a piston and a diesel engine. The diesel engine combustion chamber includes: a base having a top surface; a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, which are recessed on the top surface along a first direction; a partition boss, which is located between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber and is continuous with the inner wall of the first combustion chamber and the inner wall of the second combustion chamber, and an oil separation ridge and a throttle ridge are provided on the partition boss; the highest point of the throttle ridge is higher than the lowest point of the second combustion chamber; the highest point of the oil separation ridge is not higher than the highest point of the throttle ridge. The above-mentioned diesel engine combustion chamber can make full use of the space and air in the cylinder, improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel, and reduce carbon soot particle emissions. In addition, since the fuel heats more space and working fluid in the cylinder under the same heat release, the generation of high-temperature areas is reduced, thereby effectively suppressing NOx generation; the two-functional ridge separation boss also reduces the sensitivity of injection timing and increases reliability.

[0004] However, this design suffers from the following issues: It cannot control the ratio and distribution of fuel within the two combustion chambers, resulting in incomplete combustion. Furthermore, this design is prone to fuel accumulation in the narrow area where the two combustion chambers meet near top dead center, causing uneven mixing there. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies and propose a bullhorn-shaped multi-volute combustion system to solve the technical problems of insufficient combustion and uneven mixing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a bullhorn-shaped multi-stream combustion system, comprising:

[0008] A piston component having a top surface with a plurality of combustion chambers formed thereon, the combustion chambers comprising a swirl combustion chamber coaxially arranged with the top surface and a plurality of bull-horn combustion chambers surrounding and communicating with the swirl combustion chamber, an oil separation protrusion being provided at the connection between the swirl combustion chamber and the bull-horn combustion chamber to guide the fuel injected into the combustion chamber to flow convolutively toward the swirl combustion chamber and the bull-horn combustion chamber, a flow separation protrusion being provided in the bull-horn combustion chamber to guide the fuel injected into the bull-horn combustion chamber to flow convolutively toward both sides; and

[0009] The fuel injection component is provided with a plurality of fuel injection holes for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber.

[0010] In some embodiments, the vortex combustion chamber is cylindrical, the oil separation protrusion is arranged on the inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber, and extends into the interior of the vortex combustion chamber, transitioning into an arc shape with the vortex combustion chamber, so that a first recess is formed on the inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber below the oil separation protrusion.

[0011] In some embodiments, the bottom inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber is provided with a central convex portion arranged around the central axis, and a central annular portion circumferentially recessed around the central convex portion, and the central annular portion smoothly transitions with the first recessed portion so that the cross-section of the vortex combustion chamber along the central axis is ω-shaped.

[0012] In some embodiments, a bevel transition is adopted between the oil separation protrusion and the opening of the combustion chamber.

[0013] In some embodiments, the bullhorn-shaped combustion chamber includes a main cavity radially opened along the top surface, and a first branch cavity and a second branch cavity connected to the end of the main cavity and extending obliquely to the radial sides of the top surface respectively, and the diversion protrusion is arranged on the inner wall of the end of the main cavity.

[0014] In some embodiments, the connection between the first branch cavity and the main cavity extends to form a first protrusion protruding relative to the inner wall of the main cavity. The first protrusion and the diversion protrusion make the first branch cavity form an inner concave cavity, thereby promoting the oil entering the first branch cavity to flow in a circular motion.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second branch cavity is connected to the main cavity and extends to form a second protrusion protruding relative to the inner wall of the main cavity. The second protrusion and the diversion protrusion form an inner concave cavity in the second branch cavity, thereby promoting the oil entering the second branch cavity to flow in a circular motion.

[0016] In some embodiments, the oil spray component includes a main body and a spray head, the spray head is fixed on the bottom of the main body, and a plurality of oil spray holes are opened on the spray head.

[0017] In some embodiments, the plurality of oil injection holes are arranged in layers above and below the nozzle, and the oil injection holes in the upper layer are staggered with the oil injection holes in the lower layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, the oil injection holes in the upper layer correspond to the bull-horn combustion chambers, respectively, for injecting oil beams into the bull-horn combustion chambers, and the oil injection holes in the lower layer correspond to the vortex combustion chambers, for injecting oil beams into the vortex combustion chambers.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the bullhorn-shaped multi-swirling combustion system provided by the present invention includes a piston component and an injection component. The piston component has a top surface, and a plurality of combustion chambers are opened on the top surface. The combustion chamber includes a swirling combustion cavity coaxially arranged with the top surface and a plurality of bullhorn-shaped combustion cavities surrounding the swirling combustion cavity and communicating with the swirling combustion cavity. An oil separation protrusion is provided at the connection between the swirling combustion cavity and the bullhorn-shaped combustion cavity to guide the fuel injected into the combustion chamber to flow convolutively toward the swirling combustion cavity and the bullhorn-shaped combustion cavity. A diversion protrusion is provided in the bullhorn-shaped combustion cavity to guide the fuel injected into the bullhorn-shaped combustion cavity to flow convolutively toward both sides. The injection component is provided with a plurality of injection holes, and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. When the piston moves to near the top dead center, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of an oil beam through the injection component and vaporized to form fuel vapor. The fuel vapor then first contacts the oil-separating protrusion, where it is split into two streams. One stream is reflected downward by the oil-separating protrusion and flows into the vortex combustion chamber, while the other stream is reflected upward by the oil-separating protrusion and flows into the bullhorn combustion chamber, where it then contacts the diverting protrusion, forming a convoluted oil beam that flows to both sides. This prevents the fuel from concentrating in the vortex combustion chamber or the bullhorn combustion chamber, fully utilizing the space within the combustion chamber and allowing the fuel to mix thoroughly with the air within. This prevents excessive fuel combustion and improves high-temperature, oxygen-poor combustion.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation methods of the present invention are given in detail by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the bullhorn-shaped multi-stream combustion system provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the piston component:

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel injection components.

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] 1-piston component, 11-top surface, 12-combustion chamber, 121-swirling combustion chamber, 121a-first recess, 121b-center protrusion, 121c-center annular portion, 122-ox-horn combustion chamber, 122a-main cavity, 122b-first branch cavity, 122c-second branch cavity, 122d-first protrusion, 122e-second protrusion, 123-oil separation protrusion, 124-flow separation protrusion, 2-injection component, 21-main body, 22-nozzle, 23-injection hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] Most current internal combustion engine systems use a depression formed on the top surface of the piston base as the main space for fuel combustion. The depression formed on the top surface is the combustion chamber. The fuel beam sprayed from the hole-type fuel injector of the internal combustion engine enters the depression of the combustion chamber and performs a compression stroke as the piston moves upward. The fuel is gradually vaporized and mixed with the air in the depression to form a mixture. Finally, the combustion and expansion of the fuel push the piston downward to perform work.

[0028] From the working process of the above-mentioned internal combustion engine, it can be seen that after the fuel enters the combustion chamber pit, it is only fully mixed with the air inside the combustion chamber pit, and is not thoroughly mixed with the air outside the combustion chamber pit, especially with the air outside the combustion chamber pit and above the top surface. This aggravates the situation where the fuel is concentrated in local combustion, causing high temperature and oxygen deficiency during diesel combustion, and then producing a large amount of carbon soot particles and NOx.

[0029] Based on this, see Figure 1-3; The present invention provides a bullhorn-type multi-swirling combustion system, comprising: a piston component 1 and an injection component 2, the piston component 1 having a top surface 11, a plurality of combustion chambers 12 being opened on the top surface 11, the combustion chamber 12 comprising a swirling combustion cavity 121 coaxially arranged with the top surface 11 and a plurality of bullhorn-type combustion cavities 122 surrounding the swirling combustion cavity 121 and communicating with the swirling combustion cavity 121, an oil separation protrusion 123 being provided at the connection between the swirling combustion cavity 121 and the bullhorn-type combustion cavity 122 to guide the fuel injected into the combustion chamber 12 to flow convolutively toward the swirling combustion cavity 121 and the bullhorn-type combustion cavity 122, a diversion protrusion 124 being provided in the bullhorn-type combustion cavity 122 to guide the fuel injected into the bullhorn-type combustion cavity 122 to flow convolutively toward both sides; a plurality of injection holes 23 are opened on the injection component 2, due to which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 12.

[0030] Specifically, when the piston moves near top dead center, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 12 in the form of an oil beam through the fuel injection component 2, where it vaporizes and forms fuel vapor. The fuel vapor then first contacts the oil separation protrusion 123, where it is split into two parts. One part is reflected downward by the oil separation protrusion 123 and flows into the vortex combustion chamber 121, while the other part is reflected upward by the oil separation protrusion 123 and flows into the bullhorn combustion chamber 122, where it then contacts the diverter protrusion 124, forming a convoluted oil beam directed to both sides. This prevents the fuel from concentrating in the vortex combustion chamber 121 or the bullhorn combustion chamber 122, fully utilizing the space within the combustion chamber 12 and allowing the fuel to fully mix with the air within the combustion chamber 12. This prevents excessive fuel combustion and improves high-temperature, oxygen-poor combustion of the fuel.

[0031] Specifically, the vortex combustion chamber 121 is cylindrical, and the oil separation protrusion 123 is arranged on the inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber 121 and extends into the interior of the vortex combustion chamber 121, and transitions into an arc shape in the vortex combustion chamber 121, so that a first recess 121a located below the oil separation protrusion 123 is formed on the inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber 121, and the oil beam performs vortex motion in the first recess 121a.

[0032] Furthermore, the bottom inner wall of the swirl combustion chamber 121 is provided with a central protrusion 121b arranged around the central axis, and a central annular portion 121c recessed circumferentially around the central protrusion 121b. The central annular portion 121c smoothly transitions into the first recess 121a, giving the swirl combustion chamber 121 a ω-like cross-section along the central axis. In other words, the bottom of the swirl combustion chamber 121 is not flat, which appropriately interferes with the swirling motion of the fuel vapor within the swirl combustion chamber 121, thereby reducing the mixture suitable for NOx production.

[0033] Furthermore, the oil separation protrusion 123 and the opening of the combustion chamber 12 adopt an inclined transition.

[0034] Furthermore, the bullhorn-shaped combustion chamber 122 includes a main cavity 122a extending radially along the top surface 11, and a first branch cavity 122b and a second branch cavity 122c communicating with the ends of the main cavity 122 and extending obliquely radially to opposite sides of the top surface 11, respectively. The diverter protrusion 124 is provided on the inner wall of the end of the main cavity 122. After entering the main cavity 122a radially along the top surface 11, the oil stream flows toward the end of the main cavity 122. After hitting the diverter protrusion 124, it is reflected toward the first branch cavity 122b or the second branch cavity 122c, and then swirls within the first branch cavity 122b or the second branch cavity 122c.

[0035] Furthermore, one end of the main cavity 122 close to the center of the top surface 11 is opened on the inclined surface.

[0036] Furthermore, the connection between the first branch cavity 122b and the main cavity 122 extends to form a first protrusion 122d protruding relative to the inner wall of the main cavity 122. The first protrusion 122d and the diversion protrusion 124 form the first branch cavity 122b into an inner concave cavity, which promotes the oil entering the first branch cavity 122b to swirl and fully mix with the air.

[0037] Furthermore, the second branch cavity 122c is extended at the connection with the main cavity 122 to form a second protrusion 122e protruding relative to the inner wall of the main cavity 122. The second protrusion 122e and the diversion protrusion 124 form the second branch cavity 122c into an inner concave cavity, which promotes the oil entering the second branch cavity 122c to swirl and flow, so that it is fully mixed with the air.

[0038] Specifically, the oil spray component 2 includes a main body 21 and a spray head 22 . The spray head 22 is fixed on the bottom of the main body 21 . A plurality of oil spray holes 23 are formed on the spray head 22 .

[0039] Furthermore, the bottom of the main body 21 forms a conical surface that matches the inclined surface.

[0040] Furthermore, the plurality of oil injection holes 23 are arranged in layers above and below the nozzle 22, with the oil injection holes 23 in the upper layer being staggered with the oil injection holes 23 in the lower layer. This design aims to avoid interference between oil beams and to cover a larger circumferential space as much as possible.

[0041] Furthermore, the oil injection holes 23 in the upper layer correspond to the bull-horn combustion chamber 122 respectively, and are used to inject oil beams into the bull-horn combustion chamber 122. The oil injection holes 23 in the lower layer correspond to the vortex combustion chamber 121, and are used to inject oil beams into the vortex combustion chamber 121.

[0042] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The bullhorn multi-swirling combustion system provided by the present invention includes a piston component and an injection component. The piston component has a top surface, and a plurality of combustion chambers are opened on the top surface. The combustion chamber includes a swirling combustion cavity coaxially arranged with the top surface and a plurality of bullhorn combustion cavities surrounding the swirling combustion cavity and communicating with the swirling combustion cavity. An oil separation protrusion is provided at the connection between the swirling combustion cavity and the bullhorn combustion cavity to guide the fuel injected into the combustion chamber to flow convolutively toward the swirling combustion cavity and the bullhorn combustion cavity. A diversion protrusion is provided in the bullhorn combustion cavity to guide the fuel injected into the bullhorn combustion cavity to flow convolutively toward both sides. The injection component is provided with a plurality of injection holes, and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. When the piston moves to near the top dead center, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through the injection component in the form of an oil beam and vaporized to form fuel vapor. The fuel vapor then first contacts the oil-separating protrusion, where it is split into two streams. One stream is reflected downward by the oil-separating protrusion and flows into the vortex combustion chamber, while the other stream is reflected upward by the oil-separating protrusion and flows into the bullhorn combustion chamber, where it then contacts the diverting protrusion, forming a convoluted oil beam that flows to both sides. This prevents the fuel from concentrating in the vortex combustion chamber or the bullhorn combustion chamber, fully utilizing the space within the combustion chamber and allowing the fuel to mix thoroughly with the air within. This prevents excessive fuel combustion and improves high-temperature, oxygen-poor combustion.

[0043] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bullhorn-type multi-volute combustion system, characterized in that: It includes: The piston component has a top surface, on which a plurality of combustion chambers are formed, the combustion chamber including a vortex combustion chamber coaxially arranged with the top surface and a plurality of bull-horn combustion chambers surrounding the vortex combustion chamber and connected with the vortex combustion chamber, an oil separation protrusion is provided at the connection between the vortex combustion chamber and the bull-horn combustion chamber to guide the fuel injected into the combustion chamber to flow in a convolution manner toward the vortex combustion chamber and the bull-horn combustion chamber, a diverter protrusion is provided in the bull-horn combustion chamber to guide the fuel injected into the bull-horn combustion chamber to flow in a convolution manner toward both sides, the bull-horn combustion chamber includes a main cavity radially opened along the top surface and a first branch cavity and a second branch cavity connected with the end of the main cavity and extending obliquely toward the radial sides of the top surface respectively, and the diverter protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the end of the main cavity; as well as The fuel injection component is provided with a plurality of fuel injection holes for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber.

2. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex combustion chamber is cylindrical, and the oil separation protrusion is arranged on the inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber and extends into the interior of the vortex combustion chamber, transitioning into an arc shape with the interior of the vortex combustion chamber, so that a first recess located below the oil separation protrusion and a second recess located above the oil separation protrusion are formed on the inner wall of the vortex combustion chamber.

3. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom inner wall of the swirl combustion chamber is provided with a central convex portion arranged around the central axis, and a central annular portion circumferentially recessed around the central convex portion. The central annular portion smoothly transitions with the first recessed portion, so that the cross-section of the swirl combustion chamber along the central axis is ω-shaped.

4. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oil separation protrusion and the opening of the combustion chamber adopt an inclined surface transition.

5. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection between the first branch cavity and the main cavity extends to form a first protrusion protruding relative to the inner wall of the main cavity. The first protrusion and the diversion protrusion make the first branch cavity form an inner concave cavity, prompting the oil entering the first branch cavity to circulate.

6. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second branch cavity is connected to the main cavity by extending to form a second protrusion protruding relative to the inner wall of the main cavity. The second protrusion and the diversion protrusion make the second branch cavity form an inner concave cavity, thereby promoting the oil entering the second branch cavity to flow in a circular motion.

7. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spray component includes a main body and a spray head. The spray head is fixed on the bottom of the main body, and a plurality of oil spray holes are opened on the spray head.

8. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of oil spray holes are arranged in layers above and below the nozzle, and the oil spray holes in the upper layer are staggered with the oil spray holes in the lower layer.

9. The bullhorn type multi-stream combustion system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The oil injection holes in the upper layer correspond to the bull-horn combustion chambers respectively and are used to inject oil beams into the bull-horn combustion chambers. The oil injection holes in the lower layer correspond to the vortex combustion chambers and are used to inject oil beams into the vortex combustion chambers.

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