Measuring device for axle parameters

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway wagon axle size measuring equipment, in particular to an axle parameter measuring device which comprises a feeding and discharging frame for conveying a plurality of axles. The feeding and discharging frame is connected with a steering assembly rotating according to a set angle, a detection integrated block for detecting the diameter of a multi-step shaft body at one end of an axle is used in cooperation with a robot, and the detection integrated block is provided with a plurality of sets of measuring assemblies and an angle sensor for detecting the course angle between a measuring face and the central axis of the axle. Each measuring assembly comprises a linear rail and a plurality of sliding blocks connected to the linear rail in a sliding mode, and the sliding blocks are connected with contact assemblies located on the same horizontal line and used for measuring the diameter of the axle respectively. According to the invention, the measurement error can be reduced, the diameter measurement of each section of the step shaft is more accurate, and the target measurement accuracy requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of axle size measuring equipment for railway freight cars, and in particular to a device for measuring axle parameters. Background Art

[0002] Railway freight cars are the main equipment used for long-distance transportation of large quantities of heavy goods. The axle on a railway freight car is a cylindrical object that passes through the middle of bearings, wheels or gears. It is generally in the shape of a metal rod, and each section can have a different diameter. It is used to support and transmit power to ensure the normal operation of the train.

[0003] Axle dimension measurement is an essential manufacturing step in the field of axle processing. Through testing, it can be found whether the final product size of the axle meets the assembly requirements. Fig.10 As shown in the figure, from one end of the axle to the midpoint, there are four parts: the axle diameter, the dust plate seat, the wheel seat, and the axle body. The axle structure is symmetrical. The dimensions of each part of the axle are: the journal size is The diameter of the dust plate seat is Wheel seat diameter The shaft diameter is When measuring axle parameters, the minimum tolerance required is 0.025mm, which is a high-precision measurement.

[0004] The measurement requirements for axle products are as follows: the axle diameter and wheel seat position need to take three values ​​at each of the three different sections at 120° to each other, and record them. The axle diameter and wheel seat need to measure 9 data respectively, and then take the average value after judging whether they are out of tolerance. The dust shield seat position needs to take two values ​​at the measured angles at 90° to each other, and then take the average value after judging whether they are out of tolerance.

[0005] To achieve the above measurement requirements, a rotating shaft or rotating measuring device is required. In reality, each railway freight car needs 4 axles. According to the production line design capacity requirements, the axle detection cycle should meet ≤8min / piece. In addition, traditional testing equipment has extremely high requirements for the external environment. The equipment cannot have any vibration. Once a disturbance occurs, the equipment must be re-measured according to the measurement procedure, and the equipment calibration procedure is complicated.

[0006] In addition, research on emerging measurement technologies has found that non-contact optical detection methods are used for high-precision measurement and efficiency, and flash testers are representative detection equipment. After testing, the flash tester's measurement field of view is about 120mm, which cannot meet the measurement requirements. Even with the high-precision flash tester image stitching technology, the measurement accuracy is still ±4μm, and the accuracy cannot be within 3μm. The measurement error is larger than the tolerance value of the axle product, and the on-site use environment requires a constant temperature, which is undoubtedly not suitable for some use sites where the conditions are not met, so it cannot meet the use requirements. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention is intended to provide a device for measuring axle parameters to solve the problem that existing measuring equipment cannot meet the measurement accuracy requirements.

[0008] The measuring device for axle parameters in this scheme includes an inlet and outlet rack for conveying a plurality of axles;

[0009] The inlet and outlet rack is connected to a steering assembly that rotates according to a set angle, and the steering assembly is connected to a detection integrated block that simultaneously detects the diameters of the multi-step shaft bodies at one end of the axle, and the detection integrated block is provided with multiple groups of measuring assemblies and angle sensors that detect the heading angle between the measuring surface and the central axis of the axle, and the measuring assemblies include a linear rail and a number of sliders slidably connected to the linear rail, and the sliders are respectively connected to contact assemblies located on the same horizontal line for measuring the diameter of the axle.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this program are:

[0011] By setting up the detection integrated block, different diameters of multiple sections of the step shaft can be measured simultaneously. When it is necessary to perform repeated measurements on each section of the step shaft with different diameters, the measurement efficiency can be improved. The angle sensor on the detection integrated block can accurately know the heading angle between the measuring surface of the contact assembly and the center axis of the axle to ensure that the two are perpendicular, reduce measurement errors, and make the diameter measurement of each section of the step shaft more accurate, thereby meeting the target measurement accuracy requirements.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle sensor is located between adjacent measuring components where the spacing is maximum. Three groups of measuring components are provided, two sliders are provided, a herringbone bracket is fixed on the slider, and the contact assembly is fixed on the top of the bracket.

[0013] The beneficial effect is that the arrangement of various components can facilitate the movement of the contact assembly and the measurement operation.

[0014] Furthermore, a measuring cylinder for bringing two contact assemblies closer together is provided on a slider on the same linear rail, an oil pressure buffer is provided between the sliders on the linear rail, and the ends of the two contact assemblies contacting the axle are narrow flat long contacts.

[0015] The beneficial effects are: the approach of two contact assemblies on the same linear rail is driven by a measuring cylinder, and an oil pressure buffer is provided for buffering, which can avoid the impact on the axle when the two contacts close quickly, thereby causing damage to the axle surface; in addition, the long contact with a narrow plane can ensure that the two contacts are in contact with a diameter section, and at the same time, the diameter measurement error caused by the positioning deviation of the two contacts in the radial direction is eliminated.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydraulic buffer is provided with a buffer mounting seat, which is Ω-shaped and is inverted on the same linear rail and located between two sliders. A vertical plate for mounting the hydraulic buffer is integrally formed on the top surface of the buffer mounting seat, and two through holes are provided on the vertical plate.

[0017] The beneficial effect is that, by setting the buffer mounting seat, two sliders on the same linear rail can be brought closer to each other more accurately and stably, thereby reducing the vibration of the contact assembly caused by the impact force.

[0018] Furthermore, the contact assembly includes a displacement sensor provided at one side of the same linear track, a contact stopper matched in pair with the displacement sensor is fixedly provided at one side of the linear track, and the contact stopper is arranged adjacent to the buffer mounting seat.

[0019] The beneficial effect is that the coordinated arrangement of the displacement sensor and the contact block can facilitate the buffering of pressure when contacting the axle, so as to perform accurate measurement.

[0020] Furthermore, the surface of the inlet and outlet rack is inclined at a preset angle, and a work station paddle assembly for limiting the axle is provided on the inlet and outlet rack. A jacking assembly is provided on one side of the interior of the inlet and outlet rack, and the jacking assembly and the work station paddle assembly are located on the same axis. Centering mechanisms for centering the axle are provided on both sides of the jacking assembly, and the centering mechanisms are located on the outer side of the inlet and outlet rack.

[0021] The beneficial effect is that the inclination setting of the feed and discharge rack itself can allow the axle to be fed without using additional power, and the work station paddle assembly limits the axle, allowing the jacking assembly to jack the axle upward for subsequent centering and then measure the diameter. The structure is simple and the structural cost is lower.

[0022] Furthermore, a recessed section is provided on the feed and discharge rack, and the workstation paddle assembly includes a paddle hinged on the side wall of the feed and discharge rack, and a fan-shaped paddle opening is provided on the paddle, and the angle of the paddle opening is 120°-150°, and the opening wall of the paddle opening facing the feed side is flush with the lower part of the recessed section.

[0023] The beneficial effect is that, through the setting of the workstation paddle assembly and the recessed section, the axle can be automatically limited without adapting to additional power, so that subsequent lifting and centering operations on a single axle are convenient.

[0024] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes two lifting cylinders, the output shafts of the lifting cylinders face upward, and top plates are fixedly provided on the output shafts of the lifting cylinders. Top strips for limiting the axles are fixedly provided between the top plates.

[0025] The beneficial effect is that the specific setting of the lifting assembly can lift the axle to a precise position to facilitate subsequent measurement work.

[0026] Furthermore, the centering mechanism includes a centering frame located on both sides of the jacking assembly and a centering part located on the centering frame, the centering part includes a slide rail fixed on the centering frame, a centering block is slidably connected to the slide rail, a centering cylinder is provided on the opposite side of the centering block, and a top head that can be inserted into the center hole of the axle for centering is fixed on the side wall opposite to the centering block.

[0027] The beneficial effect is that the axle is centered by the centering mechanism, so as to prevent the subsequent axle full length and axle shoulder distance measuring head from interfering with the axle due to the axle deviation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a front view of a detection integrated block in an embodiment of a device for measuring axle parameters of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A diagram showing the contact position between the contact assembly and the axle in an embodiment of the device for measuring axle parameters of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a front view of the inlet and outlet rack in the embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a front view of the centering mechanism in the embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a front view of a bottom plate for detecting the installation of an integrated block in an embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A bottom view of a bottom plate for detecting the installation of an integrated block in an embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer mounting seat of the oil pressure buffer in the embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a detailed installation diagram of the detection integrated block in the embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the axle during the axle detection in the embodiment of the measuring device for axle parameters of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the existing axle structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following is further explained in detail through specific implementation methods.

[0039] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: detection integrated block 1, contact assembly 2, bracket 3, measuring cylinder 4, hydraulic buffer 5, angle sensor 6, axle 7, feed and discharge rack 8, centering cylinder 9, centering block 10, top head 11, lifting cylinder 12, slider connecting seat 13, position sensor 14, displacement sensor 15, buffer mounting seat 16, contact stopper 17, paddle 18, manipulator 19, top plate 20.

[0040] Example

[0041] Measuring devices for axle parameters, such as Figure 2 As shown: the in-and-out rack 8 for conveying a plurality of axles 7 is a rectangular frame structure, for example, the in-and-out rack 8 comprises a rectangular top frame, and a plurality of supporting legs are welded on the side wall below the top frame. The surface of the in-and-out rack 8 is inclined at a preset angle, and the preset angle is set to 5°, so that the axles 7 can roll under their own gravity without rolling too fast to cause damage to the axles 7.

[0042] A recessed section is formed on the feeding and discharging rack 8, and the specific position of the recessed section is set according to actual needs. For example, the recessed section is located at the position where the measurement-related equipment is set. The recessed section is in the shape of an arc, and the maximum depth of the recessed section is one-fourth of the diameter of the axle 7, so as to prevent the axle 7 from rolling directly from one end of the feeding and discharging rack 8 to the other end and being unable to stay on the feeding and discharging rack 8. A station paddle assembly for limiting the position of the axle 7 is installed on the feeding and discharging rack 8. The station paddle assembly includes a paddle 18 hinged on the side wall of the feeding and discharging rack 8. The paddle 18 is a circular piece, and a fan-shaped opening is opened on the paddle 18. The angle of the opening is 120°-150°, and the wall of the opening facing the feeding side is flush with the lower part of the recessed section.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the in-and-out rack 8 is connected with a steering assembly that rotates according to a set angle. The set angle is the steering angle when the step shafts at both ends of the axle 7 are to be measured. For example, the detection integrated block 1 rotates around the axle 7 by 30°, 90°, 120°, etc. The specific rotation time and rotation angle are preset according to actual processing requirements. The steering assembly is connected with a detection integrated block 1 that simultaneously detects the diameter of the multi-step shaft body at one end of the axle 7. The detection integrated block 1 is installed as shown in FIG. Figure 5 and Figure 6The bottom plate shown in the figure is provided with corresponding holes and hole positions according to the components to be installed on the detection integrated block 1. The holes are screw holes, threaded holes, etc. The specific structure is not repeated here. The detection integrated block 1 is equipped with multiple groups of measuring components and angle sensors 6 for detecting the heading angle between the measuring surface and the central axis of the axle 7. The angle sensor 6 is an existing product, such as the ABSOLUTE type angle sensor 6. Three groups of measuring components are provided. The angle sensors 6 are located between the adjacent measuring components where the spacing is the largest. A slider connection seat 13 is welded to the bottom of the slider, and a herringbone bracket 3 is welded to the slider connection seat 13.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, the measuring components include a linear rail and a plurality of sliders slidably connected to the linear rail. Two sliders are arranged on each linear rail. Contact components 2 for measuring the diameter of the axle 7 located on the same horizontal line are respectively connected to the sliders. The contact components 2 are welded to the top of the bracket 3. A measuring cylinder 4 for bringing the two contact components 2 closer is installed on a slider on the same linear rail. The measuring cylinder 4 is fixedly installed by screws and gaskets. The measuring cylinder 4 is an existing product selected according to actual needs. A position sensor 14 is fixedly installed on the measuring cylinder 4. The position sensor 14 is used to detect the position information of the slider when the measuring cylinder 4 drives the slider to move, so as to accurately control the moving position of the slider; an oil pressure buffer 5 is installed between the two sliders on the same linear rail; as shown Figure 7 As shown, the hydraulic buffer 5 is provided with a buffer mounting seat 16, which is in an Ω shape. The buffer mounting seat 16 is inverted and arranged on the same linear rail and is located between two sliders. A vertical plate for mounting the hydraulic buffer 5 is integrally formed on the top surface of the buffer mounting seat 16, and two through holes for mounting the hydraulic buffer 5 are provided on the vertical plate.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, both contact assemblies 2 include contacts with narrow flat long contacts at the ends contacting the axle 7. The narrow flat long contacts, i.e., the contact surfaces are long strips with small widths. The narrow flat long contacts are connected to the seat of the contact assembly 2 through the detection head spring. The contact assembly 2 also includes a displacement sensor 15 installed on one side of the same linear track. The displacement sensor 15 is an existing contact displacement sensor 15. The displacement distance of the displacement sensor 15 probe is converted into a diameter. A contact stopper 17 is welded on one side of the linear track. The contact stopper 17 is arranged in pairs with the displacement sensor 15 and is located at opposite positions on one side of the linear track. The contact stopper 17 is arranged adjacent to the buffer mounting seat 16. During measurement, the robot's mechanical arm will fix the measuring assembly to a well-adjusted posture, and the measuring cylinder 4 will pull the left and right contact assemblies 2 closer. When the contact assembly 2 is about to approach the surface of the axle 7, the slider connection seat 13 at the bottom will contact the oil pressure buffer 5 to play a buffering role. The same is true for the other side.

[0046] A jacking assembly is installed on one side of the inner part of the inlet and outlet rack 8. The jacking assembly and the workstation paddle assembly are located on the same axis. The jacking assembly includes two jacking cylinders 12. The jacking cylinders 12 select existing products according to actual needs. The output shafts of the jacking cylinders 12 face upward. Top plates 20 are welded on the output shafts of the jacking cylinders 12. Top strips for limiting the axle 7 are fixed between the top plates 20 by screws, and the contact surface of the top strip contacting the axle 7 is an arc surface.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, a centering mechanism for centering the axle 7 is installed on both sides of the jacking assembly, and the centering mechanism is located on the outer side of the feed and discharge rack 8. The centering mechanism includes a centering frame located on both sides of the jacking assembly and a centering component located on the centering frame. The centering component includes a slide rail welded on the centering frame, and a centering block 10 is slidably connected to the slide rail. A centering cylinder 9 is installed on the opposite side of the centering block 10, and a top head 11 that can be inserted into the center hole of the axle 7 for centering is welded on the side wall opposite to the centering block 10.

[0048] A gantry is installed above the feed and discharge rack 8. The gantry is located on the side of the centering mechanism facing the discharge. The steering assembly is installed on the gantry by means of tools such as screws and nuts. The steering assembly is a manipulator 19. The manipulator 19 adopts the existing structure and will not be described here. The detection integrated block 1 is arranged on the steering assembly, that is, the detection integrated block 1 is invertedly installed on the manipulator 19 by means of accessories such as screws and nuts.

[0049] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0050] like Fig. 9 As shown, when in use, after the axle 7 is placed at one end of the in-and-out material rack 8, due to the inclination of the upper surface of the in-and-out material rack 8, the axle 7 rolls under its own gravity and finally rolls to the detection station, that is, the paddle 18 for limiting. Then, the axle 7 is lifted into place by the lifting cylinder 12 of the lifting assembly, and the lifting into place is performed by setting the lifting distance. Finally, the centering cylinder 9 of the centering mechanism pushes the centering block 10 to move closer, so that the top head 11 on the centering block 10 is inserted into the center hole of the axle 7 for centering, and the position of the axle 7 is kept accurate.

[0051] When testing the multi-section diameter of the stepped shaft of the axle 7, the manipulator 19 moves the detection integrated block 1 to the workpiece detection position. At this time, the corresponding detection head is driven by the pneumatic device to clamp the workpiece, and the detection head spring in the contact assembly 2 is compressed to start the detection. After the detection, the pneumatic device drives the detection head back to its original position, the manipulator 19 rotates the set angle, and the detection head is clamped again for the second detection, and the above action is repeated for the third detection. Then the manipulator 19 moves right to the second detection position and repeats the above detection again (the dust plate seat position is no longer tested after the manipulator 19 moves right), until one end of the axle 7 is detected, and the manipulator 19 moves back to the other end of the axle 7 for detection (before detection, the manipulator 19 drives the detection integrated block 1 to rotate 180°).

[0052] The solution of this embodiment can quickly measure the dimensions of three stepped shafts at the same time. When repeated measurements are performed on each stepped shaft of different diameters, the measurement efficiency can be improved, and the measurement time of each value is controlled within a certain time, so that the repeated measurement accuracy is controlled within 0.002mm and the measurement accuracy is controlled within 0.003mm. The measuring device is accurate and stable.

[0053] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for measuring axle parameters, comprising a feeding and discharging rack for conveying a plurality of axles; characterized in that: The inlet and outlet rack is connected to a steering assembly that rotates according to a set angle. The back of a detection integrated block that detects the diameter of the multi-step shaft at one end of the axle is connected to the end of the robot. The detection integrated block is provided with multiple groups of measuring components and angle sensors that detect the heading angle between the measuring surface and the central axis of the axle. The measuring components include a linear rail and several sliders slidably connected to the linear rail. The sliders are respectively connected to contact assemblies located on the same horizontal line for measuring the diameter of the axle.

2. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle sensor is located between adjacent measuring components where the spacing is the largest. The measuring components are arranged in three groups, and the sliders are arranged in two groups. A herringbone bracket is fixed on the slider, and the contact assembly is fixed on the top of the bracket.

3. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: A measuring cylinder for bringing two contact assemblies closer together is provided on a slider on the same linear rail, an oil pressure buffer is provided between the sliders on the linear rail, and the ends of the two contact assemblies contacting the axle are narrow flat long contacts.

4. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydraulic buffer is provided with a buffer mounting seat, which is in an Ω shape. The buffer mounting seat is inverted and arranged on the same linear rail and located between two sliders. A vertical plate for mounting the hydraulic buffer is integrally formed on the top surface of the buffer mounting seat, and two through holes are provided on the vertical plate.

5. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The contact assembly includes a displacement sensor provided at one side of the same linear track, a contact stopper matched in pairs with the displacement sensor fixedly provided at one side of the linear track, and the contact stopper is arranged adjacent to the buffer mounting seat.

6. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the inlet and outlet rack is inclined at a preset angle, and a work station paddle assembly for limiting the axle is provided on the inlet and outlet rack. A jacking assembly is provided on one side of the interior of the inlet and outlet rack, and the jacking assembly and the work station paddle assembly are located on the same axis. Centering mechanisms for centering the axle are provided on both sides of the jacking assembly, and the centering mechanisms are located on the outside of the inlet and outlet rack.

7. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The feed and discharge rack is provided with a recessed section, and the workstation paddle assembly includes a paddle hinged on the side wall of the feed and discharge rack, and the paddle is provided with a fan-shaped paddle opening, the angle of the paddle opening is 120°-150°, and the opening wall of the paddle opening facing the feed side is flush with the lower part of the recessed section.

8. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The jacking assembly comprises two jacking cylinders, the output shafts of the jacking cylinders face upwards, jacking plates are fixedly arranged on the output shafts of the jacking cylinders, and jacking strips for limiting the axles are fixedly arranged between the jacking plates.

9. The device for measuring axle parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The centering mechanism includes a centering frame located on both sides of the jacking assembly and a centering piece located on the centering frame, the centering piece includes a slide rail fixedly mounted on the centering frame, a centering block is slidably connected to the slide rail, a centering cylinder is provided on the opposite side of the centering block, and a top head that can be inserted into the center hole of the axle for centering is fixed on the side wall directly opposite to the centering block.

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