Track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention provides a track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and ballast maintenance simulation test device and test method, belonging to the field of railway maintenance technology. It includes a base, a loading component, a maintenance component and a ballast box. A mounting frame is provided on the base, and the mounting frame includes a top bracket and a plurality of columns. The loading component includes a multi-channel hydraulic cylinder and a rigid crossbeam, the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top bracket, and the rigid crossbeam is connected to the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder. The maintenance component and the loading component are arranged at intervals, including a ballast blowing device, a tamping clamp and a lifting device. A group of lugs are provided on the top of the side wall of the ballast box, and a track limit groove is provided on the lug. The ballast box is slidably connected to the base and slides horizontally between the loading component and the maintenance component, and a jack is provided under the maintenance component. It can realize the simulation of on-site loading and maintenance cycle tests of ballasted tracks, and obtain test data, providing a technical reference for the maintenance and long-term performance prediction of ballasted tracks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway maintenance, and in particular relates to a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device and test method. Background Art

[0002] To date, ballasted tracks still occupy an important position in the global railway system. For a long time, this type of track has been widely used in the field of railway transportation. However, with the continuous effect of train cyclic loads and the increasing environmental impact, ballasted tracks are facing increasingly serious problems such as track loss and ballast bed degradation. In particular, the sleepers and gravel ballast beds in the tracks often suffer from deterioration phenomena such as cracks, voids and uneven settlement due to the influence of long-term loads and environmental factors. These problems will not only cause the deviation of the track geometry and reduce the smoothness of the track structure, but also accelerate the deterioration of the overall track system and affect the stability of train operation.

[0003] In the relevant technology, in response to the above-mentioned deterioration problem of ballasted tracks, maintenance measures such as tamping and ballast blowing are usually adopted in engineering to restore the geometry of the track and the bearing capacity of the ballast bed. Tamping is a method of vibrating and compacting the ballast bed to readjust the density of the ballast under the sleepers, thereby improving the stability of the track, restoring the smoothness of the track, and reducing the uneven settlement of the sleepers. Ballast blowing is mainly used to remove fine particles and impurities in the ballast bed, improve the drainage performance of the ballast bed, prevent water accumulation from negatively affecting the structural performance of the ballast bed, and reduce the occurrence of phenomena such as frost heave and mud. Regular tamping and ballast blowing maintenance can slow the progress of track deterioration and reduce subsequent maintenance costs and frequency.

[0004] In order to ensure the maintenance effect of ballasted track, field tests are usually required to explore the mechanical properties of the ballasted track bed during the full cycle of cyclic loading and maintenance, as well as the changes in track bed performance. Field tests can obtain actual performance data of the track system under real operating conditions and comprehensively evaluate the long-term performance of the track. However, field tests face multiple difficulties, including high costs and high manpower investment, long test cycles, difficult to control environmental factors, non-repeatable test results, and safety risks. The above-mentioned defects in field tests make it difficult to carry out large-scale loading and maintenance cycle tests on ballasted tracks, and the accuracy of experimental data is limited. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device and test method for track operation, which can simulate the on-site loading and maintenance cycle test of ballasted track, conveniently and safely obtain test data, and provide technical reference for the maintenance and long-term performance prediction of ballasted track. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device, comprising:

[0007] A base, wherein a mounting frame is disposed on the base, wherein the mounting frame comprises a top mounting frame and a plurality of columns, wherein the top mounting frame is disposed above the base and connected to the base through the plurality of columns;

[0008] A loading assembly, comprising a multi-channel hydraulic cylinder and a rigid crossbeam, wherein the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder is arranged longitudinally and connected to the top bracket, and the rigid crossbeam is arranged transversely above the base and connected to the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder;

[0009] a curing assembly, arranged at intervals from the loading assembly, comprising a ballast blowing device, a tamping clamp and a lifting device, wherein the ballast blowing device comprises a material receiving box and a ballast blowing pipe, wherein the material receiving box and the tamping clamp are both escalably connected to the top hanger through the lifting device, and the ballast blowing pipe is longitudinally connected to the bottom of the material receiving box;

[0010] A ballast box, wherein groups of lugs are protruding from the tops of the opposite side walls of the ballast box, and the lugs are provided with track limiting grooves arranged in the longitudinal direction. The ballast box is slidably connected to the base and is configured to slide horizontally between the loading assembly and the maintenance assembly. A plurality of groups of jacks arranged at intervals are provided on the base below the maintenance assembly along the sliding direction of the ballast box, and the spacing direction of each group of jacks is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the ballast box.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of groups of the loading assemblies are evenly spaced apart, and a spacing direction of the plurality of groups of the loading assemblies is perpendicular to a sliding direction of the track bed box.

[0012] Optionally, the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder is detachably connected to the rigid crossbeam.

[0013] Optionally, a loading gasket is provided at the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder, a clamping groove is provided at the bottom of the loading gasket, and the middle part of the rigid crossbeam is embedded in the clamping groove.

[0014] Optionally, a hydraulic rod transmission system is provided on the top bracket, and the hydraulic rod transmission system is in transmission connection with the lifting device to drive the ballast blowing device and the tamping clamp to perform horizontal biaxial movement relative to the top bracket.

[0015] Optionally, a plurality of ballast blowing pipes are provided and the blowing and filling amounts of the ballast blowing pipes are different.

[0016] Optionally, a pressure sensor is provided inside the track bed box.

[0017] Optionally, scale lines are arranged beside the track limiting groove.

[0018] Optionally, a guide rail is provided on the base, and the ballast box can be slidably installed on the guide rail. Winches are provided at both ends of the guide rail and are respectively connected to both ends of the ballast box through cables.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a test method, which is implemented based on the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device described in the first aspect, and includes:

[0020] Step 1, filling ballast into the ballast box to form a ballast and pressurizing and compacting it, and fixing sleepers and rails on the ballast, with both ends of the rails passing through the rail limit grooves and being arranged in the lugs;

[0021] Step 2, slide the ballast box under the loading assembly, use the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder to drive the rigid crossbeam to press down the rail track to implement loading, so as to simulate the train load, and after completing a loading cycle, record the settlement distance of the rail track;

[0022] Step 3, slide the ballast bed box to the bottom of the maintenance assembly, use the jack to lift the rail track from both ends to the top of the track limit groove, use the shovel tool to dig open the ballast between the sleepers to be maintained, use the lifting device to drive the ballast blowing pipe to descend and extend into the ballast bed, blow out the ballast material to be supplemented in the material receiving box, so as to realize the ballast blowing operation; use the lifting device to drive the tamping clamp to descend and extend into the ballast bed, and compact the ballast from both sides of the sleeper through the vibration and impact force of the tamping clamp to realize the tamping operation; the ballast blowing operation and the tamping operation can be carried out independently or sequentially;

[0023] Step 4, performing multiple rounds of the steps 2 and 3 in sequence, and providing a data basis and reference for ballasted track maintenance based on the loading amount of the simulated train load, the blowing amount of the ballast blowing operation, the frequency and loading amount of the tamping operation, and the change in the settlement distance of the rail track.

[0024] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0025] The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and ballast maintenance simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the present invention provides an installation foundation in the laboratory through a base and a mounting frame to mount and install a loading component for providing a downward pressure load, and a maintenance component for simulating the ballast blowing process and the tamping process. A ballast box is slidably arranged below the loading component and the maintenance component, and the ballast box can be used to hold the ballast to form a ballast bed, and sleepers and rail tracks are arranged at the upper opening to simulate the ballasted track section that actually needs to be maintained. And move to the bottom of the loading component and the maintenance component in turn to carry out cyclic simulation experiments of loading, ballast blowing and / or tamping, without the need to carry out actual track and actual vehicle operations on site, saving a lot of labor and equipment costs, and avoiding the interference of external environmental factors. It can realize the simulation of on-site loading and maintenance cycle tests of ballasted tracks, conveniently and safely obtain test data, and provide technical reference for the maintenance and long-term performance prediction of ballasted tracks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of one side of the loading component in the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of one side of the maintenance component in the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention in a loading simulation working condition;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention performing ballast blowing maintenance on one side of the rail track;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and ballast bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention performing ballast blowing maintenance on the rail track on the other side;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and ballast maintenance simulation test device in a tamping condition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 1-base; 2-loading assembly; 3-maintenance assembly; 4-ballast box; 5-hydraulic rod transmission system; 11-mounting frame; 12-jack; 13-guide rail; 14-winch; 21-multi-channel hydraulic cylinder; 22-rigid crossbeam; 31-ballast blowing device; 32-tamping clamp; 33-lifting device; 41-lug; 51-first slide bar; 52-hydraulic rod; 53-slider; 111-top bracket; 112-column; 141-cable; 211-loading gasket; 212-clamping groove; 311-material box; 312-ballast blowing pipe; 411-track limit groove; 1111-first slide groove; 1112-second slide groove; 4111-scale line; m-sleeper; n-rail track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of one side of the loading component in the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of one side of the maintenance component in the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention in a loading simulation working condition; Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention performing ballast blowing maintenance on one side of the rail track; Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and ballast bed maintenance simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention performing ballast blowing maintenance on the rail track on the other side; Figure 7 1 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the present invention in the tamping condition. Figures 1 to 7As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device, including a base 1, a loading component 2, a maintenance component 3 and a track bed box 4.

[0039] The base 1 is provided with a mounting frame 11 , which includes a top mounting frame 111 and a plurality of columns 112 . The top mounting frame 111 is disposed above the base 1 and connected to the base 1 through the plurality of columns 112 .

[0040] The loading assembly 2 includes a multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 and a rigid crossbeam 22. The multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 is arranged longitudinally and connected to the top bracket 111. The rigid crossbeam 22 is arranged transversely above the base 1 and connected to the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21. Exemplarily, in the initial state, the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 is in a retracted state, and the rigid crossbeam 22 connected thereto is raised to the highest height, providing space for the test preparation work on the base 1 below to avoid interference.

[0041] The curing assembly 3 is arranged at intervals from the loading assembly 2. It includes a ballast blowing device 31, a tamping clamp 32 and a lifting device 33. The ballast blowing device 31 includes a material receiving box 311 and a ballast blowing pipe 312. The material receiving box 311 and the tamping clamp 32 are both escalably connected to the top hanger 111 through the lifting device 33, and the ballast blowing pipe 312 is longitudinally connected to the bottom of the material receiving box 311. Exemplarily, in the initial state, the ballast blowing device 31 and the tamping clamp 32 are both driven by the lifting device 33 to be lifted to the highest height to provide space for the test preparation work on the base 1 below to avoid interference.

[0042] A group of lugs 41 are protruding from the top of the opposite side walls of the track bed box 4, and a track limit groove 411 arranged in the longitudinal direction is arranged on the lug 41. The track bed box 4 is slidably connected to the base 1 and is configured to slide horizontally between the loading assembly 2 and the maintenance assembly 3. A plurality of groups of jacks 12 arranged at intervals are arranged on the base 1 below the maintenance assembly 3 along the sliding direction of the track bed box 4, and the spacing direction of each group of jacks 12 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the track bed box 4. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, four jacks 12 are provided, which are hydraulic cylinders configured in a one-to-four configuration.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, the track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and roadbed maintenance simulation test device is fixedly installed in the laboratory through the base 1. The mounting frame 11 on the base 1 uses multiple columns 112 evenly spaced and arranged in an array as support. The top is connected by a comprehensive set of transverse columns to form a frame-type top hanger 111, which provides a mounting and installation platform for the equipment in the loading component 2 and the maintenance component 3. Its overall frame structure also leaves a large amount of equipment and roadbed box 4 installation and activity space at the bottom. The top hanger 111 is rectangular as a whole. In its length direction, the loading component 2 and the maintenance component 3 are installed on the top hanger 111 at intervals, and the roadbed box 4 is slidably installed below along its length direction. In the moving direction of the ballast box 4, a corresponding guide rail 13 is provided on the base 1 for position limiting and guiding. The ballast box 4 can be slidably mounted on the guide rail 13. A winch 14 is provided at both ends of the guide rail 13, and is respectively connected to both ends of the ballast box 4 through a cable 141, which together with the jack 12 constitutes a traction and track lifting assembly provided for the ballast box 4. According to the test requirements, the cable 141 can be retracted and released by the winches 14 on both sides, so that the ballast box 4 can be adjusted in position below the loading assembly 2 and the maintenance assembly 3 to realize the cyclic test operation.

[0044] When conducting a maintenance test of a ballasted track, first fill the ballast stone prepared in advance in layers in the ballast box 4 to form a ballast and pressurize it to make it compact to meet the test requirements, and then fix the sleepers m and rails n on the ballast. The two ends of the rails m are inserted into the lugs 41 through the rail limit grooves 411, and the rails n are limited in the horizontal direction from both ends by the rail limit grooves 411. In the vertical direction, the rails m are located at the top of the longitudinally arranged rail limit grooves 411 in the initial erection state, and this position is used as the test reference. Through the above-mentioned setting of the ballast box 4, the actual ballasted track section that needs to be maintained is simulated.

[0045] After that, slide the track box 4 under the loading assembly 2, input the load loading program into the servo loading system of the upper computer according to the historical data of actual train travel, and use the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 to drive the rigid crossbeam 22 to press down the rail track n to implement loading, so as to simulate the train load and conduct a loading test. After completing a loading cycle, record the settlement distance of the rail track n as test data. Among them, a scale line 4111 can be set on the side of the track limit groove 411. After the loading operation, the rail track m located at the top of the longitudinally arranged track limit groove 411 will produce settlement, and the test personnel can obtain its settlement distance at a glance according to the position change of the scale line 4111 corresponding to its side.

[0046] Furthermore, after completing the loading test to simulate the settlement of the track, the ballast box 4 is slid to the bottom of the maintenance assembly 3, and the rail track n is lifted up to the top of the track limit groove 411 from both ends by using the jack 12. The track is lifted by lifting, which is convenient for the ballast bed tamping or ballast blowing maintenance. The ballast between the sleepers to be maintained is removed by using a shovel tool to expose the area to be ballast blown under the sleeper m. The ballast blowing pipe 312 is driven down into the ballast bed by the lifting device 33, and the ballast material to be supplemented in the material receiving box 311 is blown out by the ballast blowing port at the end of the ballast blowing pipe 312 to realize the ballast blowing operation.

[0047] If tamping is required, the lifting device 33 is used to drive the tamping clamp 32 to descend and extend into the roadbed. The vibration and impact force of the tamping clamp 32 compact the ballast from both sides of the sleeper to achieve tamping. According to the actual settlement of the track, the ballast blowing operation and the tamping operation can be performed independently or sequentially to achieve maintenance simulation experiments under different maintenance requirements. After the maintenance and settlement relief are finally completed, the rail n will be lifted up to the top of the track limit groove 411 again.

[0048] After completing a ballast blowing and / or tamping maintenance simulation experiment, the corresponding indicators of the ballast bed in the ballast bed box 4 are inspected according to the standards for the longitudinal resistance, lateral resistance, support stiffness and ballast bed density of the ballast bed in the high-speed railway ballasted track line maintenance rules (trial) of the Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China. If the standards are met, multiple rounds of steps 2 and 3 are cycled in sequence to carry out the full cycle loading cycle of the ballast bed operation and maintenance, and the corresponding test data are repeatedly recorded. Finally, the test personnel can evaluate the maintenance effect of the actual maintenance work in the corresponding track section based on the loading amount of the simulated train load, the blowing amount of the ballast blowing operation, the frequency and loading amount of the tamping operation, and the change in the settlement distance of the rail track, so as to provide a technical reference for the maintenance and long-term performance prediction of the ballasted track.

[0049] The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and ballast maintenance simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used. The base 1 and the mounting frame 11 provide an installation foundation in the laboratory to mount and install the loading component 2 for providing the downward pressure load, and the maintenance component 3 for simulating the ballast blowing process and the tamping process. A ballast box 4 is slidably arranged below the loading component 2 and the maintenance component 3. The ballast can be loaded by the ballast box 4 to form the ballast bed and the sleepers and rail tracks n can be arranged at the upper opening to simulate the ballasted track section that actually needs to be maintained. And move to the bottom of the loading component 2 and the maintenance component 3 in turn to carry out the cyclic simulation experiment of loading, ballast blowing and / or tamping, without the need to carry out the actual track and vehicle operation on the spot, saving a lot of labor and equipment costs, and avoiding the interference of external environmental factors. It can realize the simulation of the on-site loading and maintenance cycle test of the ballasted track, conveniently and safely obtain the test data, and provide a technical reference for the maintenance of the ballasted track.

[0050] Optionally, multiple groups of loading components 2 are evenly spaced, and the spacing direction of the multiple groups of loading components 2 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the roadbed box 4. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, four groups of loading components 2 are provided, and when performing a simulated loading experiment, the rail track n is evenly loaded at multiple points through four rigid beams 22 to achieve uniform distribution of loads, avoid tilting and warping of the rail track n due to uneven loading, affect subsequent settlement distance data collection, and improve the accuracy of experimental data acquisition.

[0051] Optionally, the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 is detachably connected to the rigid crossbeam 22. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, after a long period of experimental operation between the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 and the rigid crossbeam 22, the pressurized connection and the body of the rigid crossbeam 22 will experience different degrees of wear and deformation. By setting it as a detachable connection, the rigid crossbeam 22 can be removed to achieve rapid replacement, and it is also convenient to maintain the connection, avoid overall scrapping, and increase the service life.

[0052] Optionally, the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 is provided with a loading gasket 211, and the bottom of the loading gasket 211 is provided with a clamping groove 212, and the middle part of the rigid beam 22 is embedded in the clamping groove 212. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, further, by adding the loading gasket 211 between the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 and the rigid beam 22, the contact area between the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 as the load providing end and the rigid beam 22 can be increased, so as to more evenly distribute the concentrated load and ensure the simulation accuracy of the column driving load. Further, the loading gasket 211 can also play a buffering role between the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 and the rigid beam 22, reduce the loss deformation connected to the pressurized part, and while serving as a buffer consumable, it can also achieve accurate installation and positioning with the rigid beam 22 through the clamping groove 212, and ensure the posture stability of the rigid beam 22 during the lifting and loading process.

[0053] Optionally, a hydraulic rod transmission system 5 is provided on the top bracket 111, and the hydraulic rod transmission system 5 is transmission-connected with the lifting device 33 to drive the ballast blowing device 31 and the tamping clamp 32 to perform horizontal biaxial movement relative to the top bracket 111. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, a group of hydraulic rod transmission systems 5 are respectively provided on the top bracket 111 corresponding to the ballast blowing device 31 and the tamping clamp 32, and each group of hydraulic rod transmission systems 5 includes a first slide bar 51 provided along a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the ballast bed box 4, and a hydraulic rod 52 vertically arranged with the first slide bar 51, the first slide bar 51 and the hydraulic rod 52 are both arranged in the horizontal direction, and the two ends of the first slide bar 51 are slidably installed in the first slide groove 1111 opened on the top bracket 111, and the first slide groove 1111 is arranged along the length direction of the top bracket 111. One end of the hydraulic rod 52 is slidably connected to the second slide groove 1112 provided on the top hanger 111, and the second slide groove 1112 is arranged along the width direction of the top hanger 111. The other end is slidably connected to the first slide rod 51 through the slider 53, and the ballast blowing device 31 and the tamping clamp 32 are respectively connected to the corresponding sliders 53 above. Through the arrangement of the hydraulic rod transmission system 5, the slider 53 and the ballast blowing device 31 or the tamping clamp 32 can be pushed to move horizontally along the length direction of the top hanger 111 by controlling the extension and contraction of the hydraulic rod 52. By driving the hydraulic rod 52 to slide along the second slide groove 1112, the slider 53 and the ballast blowing device 31 or the tamping clamp 32 can be further driven to move horizontally along the width direction of the top hanger 111, so as to realize the driving of the ballast blowing device 31 and the tamping clamp 32 to perform horizontal biaxial movement relative to the top hanger 111, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the ballast blowing and tamping positions in the maintenance simulation experiment, and improve the simulation accuracy and maintenance adequacy. refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The ballast blowing device 31 and the tamping clamp 32 are driven by the hydraulic rod transmission system 5 to move horizontally, so that the ballast blowing device 31 is used to perform ballast blowing maintenance on the area below the two parallel rail tracks n.

[0054] Optionally, a plurality of ballast blowing pipes 312 are provided and the blowing and filling amounts are different. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of ballast blowing pipes 312 can be provided according to the actual ballast blowing simulation experiment requirements, and each ballast blowing pipe 312 and the material receiving box 311 are connected in a detachable and replaceable manner. According to the required blowing and filling amount and blowing and filling location of the ballast bed, ballast blowing pipes 312 with different lengths and different opening sizes of the ballast blowing pipe heads can be selected and installed to solve the problem of uneven blowing and filling.

[0055] Optionally, a pressure sensor is provided inside the ballast box 4. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, wireless pressure sensors can be buried and installed inside the ballast box 4 and at the bottom of the sleeper m to observe the changes in properties such as soil pressure and density in the ballast bed in real time during the test, as well as the vibration frequency during ballast bed maintenance. By analyzing the density and soil pressure data, the maintenance degree of the ballast bed can be obtained and the next task can be carried out.

[0056] Figure 8 : is a flow chart of the test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a test method based on Figures 1 to 7 The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device shown in the figure is implemented, including:

[0057] S1, fill the ballast into the ballast box 4 to form the ballast and pressurize and compact it, and fix the sleepers and rails on the ballast, and the two ends of the rails are inserted into the lugs 41 through the rail limit grooves 411.

[0058] S2, slide the roadbed box 4 under the loading assembly 2, use the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder 21 to drive the rigid crossbeam 22 to press down the rail to implement loading to simulate the train load. After completing a loading cycle, record the settlement distance of the rail.

[0059] S3, slide the ballast box 4 to the bottom of the maintenance component 3, use the jack 12 to lift the rail track from both ends to the top of the track limit groove 411, use the shovel tool to dig open the ballast between the sleepers that need to be maintained, use the lifting device 33 to drive the ballast blowing pipe 312 to descend and extend into the ballast bed, blow out the ballast material to be supplemented in the material box 311, so as to realize the ballast blowing operation; use the lifting device 33 to drive the tamping clamp 32 to descend and extend into the ballast bed, and compact the ballast from both sides of the sleeper through the vibration and impact force of the tamping clamp 32 to realize the tamping operation; the ballast blowing operation and the tamping operation can be carried out independently or sequentially.

[0060] Specifically, in this step, the standard for performing ballast blowing and / or tamping operations using the maintenance component 3 is to compare the height of the rail track n after maintenance with the height before the loading simulation through the scale line 4111 set next to the track limit groove 411. If the heights are the same, it means that they have returned to the original state.

[0061] S4, carry out multiple rounds of S2 and S3 cycles in sequence, and provide data basis and reference for ballasted track maintenance based on the loading amount of simulated train load, the blowing amount of ballast blowing operation, the frequency and loading amount of tamping operation, and the change in settlement distance of rail track.

[0062] The track operation and maintenance full-cycle loading and ballast bed maintenance simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used to simulate the maintenance of the ballasted track through the above-mentioned test method. The device provides an installation foundation in the laboratory through the base 1 and the mounting frame 11 to mount the loading component 2 for providing the downward pressure load, and the maintenance component 3 for simulating the ballast blowing process and the tamping process. A ballast bed box 4 is slidably arranged below the loading component 2 and the maintenance component 3. The ballast bed can be loaded by the ballast bed box 4 to form the ballast bed, and the sleepers and rail tracks n are arranged at the upper opening to simulate the ballasted track section that actually needs to be maintained. And move to the bottom of the loading component 2 and the maintenance component 3 in turn to carry out the cyclic simulation experiment of loading, ballast blowing and / or tamping, without the need to carry out actual track and vehicle operations on the spot, saving a lot of labor and equipment costs, and avoiding the interference of external environmental factors. It can simulate the on-site loading and maintenance cycle test of ballasted track, obtain test data conveniently and safely, and provide technical reference for the maintenance and long-term performance prediction of ballasted track.

[0063] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "one" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprise" are extremely equivalent to the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprise", and do not exclude other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0064] The above descriptions are merely optional embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device, characterized in that: include: A base (1), wherein a mounting frame (11) is arranged on the base (1), the mounting frame (11) comprising a top mounting frame (111) and a plurality of upright posts (112), the top mounting frame (111) being arranged above the base (1) and connected to the base (1) via the plurality of upright posts (112); A loading assembly (2), comprising a multi-channel hydraulic cylinder (21) and a rigid crossbeam (22), wherein the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder (21) is arranged longitudinally and connected to the top hanger (111), and the rigid crossbeam (22) is arranged transversely above the base (1) and connected to the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder (21); a curing assembly (3) arranged at an interval from the loading assembly (2), comprising a ballast blowing device (31), a tamping clamp (32) and a lifting device (33); the ballast blowing device (31) comprising a material receiving box (311) and a ballast blowing pipe (312); the material receiving box (311) and the tamping clamp (32) are both escalably connected to the top hanger (111) via the lifting device (33); and the ballast blowing pipe (312) is longitudinally connected to the bottom of the material receiving box (311); A ballast box (4), wherein the tops of opposite side walls of the ballast box (4) are provided with groups of lugs (41), and the lugs (41) are provided with track limiting grooves (411) arranged in the longitudinal direction. The ballast box (4) is slidably connected to the base (1) and is configured to slide horizontally between the loading assembly (2) and the maintenance assembly (3). The base (1) located below the maintenance assembly (3) is provided with a plurality of groups of jacks (12) arranged at intervals along the sliding direction of the ballast box (4), and the spacing direction of each group of the jacks (12) is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the ballast box (4); The top hanger (111) is provided with a hydraulic rod transmission system (5), and the hydraulic rod transmission system (5) is in transmission connection with the lifting device (33) to drive the ballast blowing device (31) and the tamping clamp (32) to perform horizontal biaxial movement relative to the top hanger (111).

2. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The loading components (2) are arranged in multiple groups at even intervals, and the spacing direction of the multiple groups of loading components (2) is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the track bed box (4).

3. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder (21) is detachably connected to the rigid crossbeam (22).

4. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A loading gasket (211) is provided at the telescopic end of the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder (21), a clamping groove (212) is provided at the bottom of the loading gasket (211), and the middle part of the rigid crossbeam (22) is embedded in the clamping groove (212).

5. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The ballast blowing pipe (312) is provided in plurality and has different blowing and filling amounts.

6. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A pressure sensor is arranged inside the track bed box (4).

7. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A scale mark (4111) is provided beside the track limiting groove (411).

8. The track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A guide rail (13) is provided on the base (1), and the ballast box (4) is slidably mounted on the guide rail (13). Winches (14) are provided at both ends of the guide rail (13) and are connected to both ends of the ballast box (4) via cables (141) respectively.

9. A test method, implemented based on the track operation and maintenance full cycle loading and track bed maintenance simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Step 1, filling the ballast in the ballast box (4) to form a ballast and applying pressure to compact it, and fixing sleepers and rails on the ballast, with both ends of the rails passing through the lugs (41) through the rail limit grooves (411); Step 2, sliding the ballast box (4) below the loading assembly (2), using the multi-channel hydraulic cylinder (21) to drive the rigid crossbeam (22) to press down the rail track to implement loading, so as to simulate the train load, and after completing a loading cycle, recording the settlement distance of the rail track; Step 3, sliding the ballast bed box (4) to below the maintenance assembly (3), using the jack (12) to lift the steel rail track from both ends to the top of the track limit groove (411), using a shovel tool to dig open the ballast between the sleepers to be maintained, using the lifting device (33) to drive the ballast blowing pipe (312) to descend and extend into the ballast bed, and blow out the ballast material to be repaired in the material receiving box (311) to achieve ballast blowing operation; using the lifting device (33) to drive the tamping clamp (32) to descend and extend into the ballast bed, and through the vibration and impact force of the tamping clamp (32) from both sides of the sleeper to compact the ballast, so as to achieve tamping operation; the ballast blowing operation and the tamping operation can be performed independently or sequentially; Step 4, performing multiple rounds of the steps 2 and 3 in sequence, and providing a data basis and reference for ballasted track maintenance based on the loading amount of the simulated train load, the blowing amount of the ballast blowing operation, the frequency and loading amount of the tamping operation, and the change in the settlement distance of the rail track.

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